Optimised just now View original
[Link]
Menu
Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction: First
& Second Law
January 24, 2021 by Electrical4U
What is Faraday’s Law
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (referred to as Faraday’s
law) is a basic law of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic field will
interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force (EMF).
This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction.
Faraday’s law states that a current will be induced in a conductor which is
exposed to a changing magnetic field. Lenz’s law of electromagnetic
induction states that the direction of this induced current will be such that
the magnetic field created by the induced current opposes the initial
changing magnetic field which produced it. The direction of this current
flow can be determined using Fleming’s right-hand rule.
Faraday’s law of induction explains the working principle of transformers,
motors, generators, and inductors. The law is named after Michael Faraday,
who performed an experiment with a magnet and a coil. During Faraday’s
experiment, he discovered how EMF is induced in a coil when the flux
passing through the coil changes.
Faraday’s Experiment
In this experiment, Faraday takes a magnet and a coil and connects a
galvanometer across the coil. At starting, the magnet is at rest, so there is no
deflection in the galvanometer i.e the needle of the galvanometer is at the
center or zero position. When the magnet is moved towards the coil, the
needle of the galvanometer deflects in one direction.
When the magnet is held stationary at that position, the needle of
galvanometer returns to zero position. Now when the magnet moves away
from the coil, there is some deflection in the needle but opposite direction,
and again when the magnet becomes stationary, at that point respect to the
coil, the needle of the galvanometer returns to the zero position. Similarly, if
the magnet is held stationary and the coil moves away, and towards the
magnet, the galvanometer similarly shows deflection. It is also seen that the
faster the change in the magnetic field, the greater will be the induced EMF
or voltage in the coil.
Position of magnet Deflection in galvanometer
No deflection in the
Magnet at rest
galvanometer
Deflection in galvanometer in
Magnet moves towards the coil
one direction
Magnet is held stationary at same No deflection in the
position (near the coil) galvanometer
Deflection in galvanometer but
Magnet moves away from the coil
in the opposite direction
Magnet is held stationary at the same No deflection in the
position (away from the coil) galvanometer
Conclusion: From this experiment, Faraday concluded that whenever there
is relative motion between a conductor and a magnetic field, the flux
linkage with a coil changes and this change in flux induces a voltage across
a coil.
Michael Faraday formulated two laws on the basis of the above
experiments. These laws are called Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic
induction.
Faraday’s First Law
Any change in the magnetic field of a coil of wire will cause an emf to be
induced in the coil. This emf induced is called induced emf and if the
conductor circuit is closed, the current will also circulate through the circuit
and this current is called induced current.
Method to change the magnetic field:
1. By moving a magnet towards or away from the coil
2. By moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field
3. By changing the area of a coil placed in the magnetic field
4. By rotating the coil relative to the magnet
Faraday’s Second Law
It states that the magnitude of emf induced in the coil is equal to the rate of
change of flux that linkages with the coil. The flux linkage of the coil is the
product of the number of turns in the coil and flux associated with the coil.
Faraday Law Formula
Consider, a magnet is approaching towards a coil. Here we consider two
instants at time T1 and time T2.
Flux linkage with the coil at time,
Flux linkage with the coil at time,
Change in flux linkage,
Let this change in flux linkage be,
So, the Change in flux linkage
Now the rate of change of flux linkage
Take derivative on right-hand side we will get
The rate of change of flux linkage
But according to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, the rate of
change of flux linkage is equal to induced emf.
Considering Lenz’s Law.
Where:
Flux Φ in Wb = B.A
B = magnetic field strength
A = area of the coil
How To Increase EMF Induced in a Coil
By increasing the number of turns in the coil i.e N, from the formulae
derived above it is easily seen that if the number of turns in a coil is
increased, the induced emf also gets increased.
By increasing magnetic field strength i.e B surrounding the coil-
Mathematically, if magnetic field increases, flux increases and if flux
increases emf induced will also get increased. Theoretically, if the coil is
passed through a stronger magnetic field, there will be more lines of force
for the coil to cut and hence there will be more emf induced.
By increasing the speed of the relative motion between the coil and the
magnet – If the relative speed between the coil and magnet is increased
from its previous value, the coil will cut the lines of flux at a faster rate, so
more induced emf would be produced.
Applications of Faraday’s Law
Faraday law is one of the most basic and important laws of
electromagnetism. This law finds its application in most of the electrical
machines, industries, and the medical field, etc.
Power transformers function based on Faraday’s law
The basic working principle of the electrical generator is Faraday’s law of
mutual induction.
The Induction cooker is the fastest way of cooking. It also works on the
principle of mutual induction. When current flows through the coil of
copper wire placed below a cooking container, it produces a changing
magnetic field. This alternating or changing magnetic field induces an emf
and hence the current in the conductive container, and we know that the
flow of current always produces heat in it.
Electromagnetic Flow Meter is used to measure the velocity of certain
fluids. When a magnetic field is applied to an electrically insulated pipe in
which conducting fluids are flowing, then according to Faraday’s law, an
electromotive force is induced in it. This induced emf is proportional to the
velocity of fluid flowing.
Form bases of Electromagnetic theory, Faraday’s idea of lines of force is
used in well known Maxwell’s equations. According to Faraday’s law,
change in magnetic field gives rise to change in electric field and the
converse of this is used in Maxwell’s equations.
It is also used in musical instruments like an electric guitar, electric violin,
etc.
Play video on original page
Want To Learn Faster? 🎓
Get electrical articles delivered to your inbox every week.
No credit card required—it’s 100% free.
Your name
Your email address
Join (it’s free)
About Electrical4U
Electrical4U is dedicated to the teaching and sharing of all
things related to electrical and electronics engineering.
...
Related Articles
Lenz’s Law of Electromagnetic…
What is Inductor and Inductance…
Self Induction and Self…
Electromagnetic Theory
Leave a Comment
Name * Email *
Post Comment
report this ad
Recent Posts
SCADA System: What is it? (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs): Basics, Types & Applications
Diode: Definition, Symbol, and Types of Diodes
Thermistor: Definition, Uses & How They Work
Half Wave Rectifier Circuit Diagram & Working Principle
Lenz’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction: Definition & Formula
report this ad
report this ad
Please feel free to contact us if you’d like to request a specific topic.
Click here to see our privacy policy.
We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program,
an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to
earn fees by linking to [Link] and affiliated sites. Full disclaimer
here.
© 2021 Electrical4U
Electrical4U 📝 MCQ
Basic Electrical Circuit Theory
Electrical Laws Engineering Materials
Batteries Illumination
Physics Generation
Transmission Distribution
Switchgear Protection
Measurement Control Systems
Utilities Electrical Safety
Transformers Electric Motors
Generators Electrical Drives
Electronic Devices Signal Processing
Power Electronics Digital Electronics
Biomedical Subscribe ✉️