Date: 29-May-2024

Class: Time allowed: ## minutes

Marks: 201

1
P
R

U 72 T
O V

Q
In the figure, O is the centre of the circle. PT and QT are the tangents to the circle at R and S
respectively. UOVT is a straight line. If PTQ = 72, find PRU.
(6 marks)
Solution:
P
R

U 72 T
O V

Q
Join OR.
ORT = 90 (tangent  radius) 1A
PTU = QTU (tangent properties)
= PTQ

=  72 1M
= 36
In △ORT,
ORT + PTU + ROT = 180 ( sum of △)
90 + 36 + ROT = 180 1M
ROT = 54
OUR = ROT ( at centre twice  at circumference)
 =  54 1M
= 27
In △URT,
PRU = OUR + PTU (ext.  of △)
= 27 + 36 1M
= 63 1A

Alternative method:
P
R

U 72 T
O V

Q
Join RV.
TUR = TRV ( in alt. segment) 1M
PTU = QTU (tangent properties)
= PTQ

=  72 1M
= 36
In △URT,
PRU = TUR + PTU (ext.  of △)
PRU = TRV + 36 1M
TRV = PRU  36
VRU = 90 ( in semi-circle) 1A
PRU + VRU + TRV = 180 (adj. s on st. line)
PRU + 90 + PRU  36 = 180 1M
2PRU = 126
PRU = 63 1A

2
 P

Z
12 cm
X

Q Y R
16 cm
In the figure, a circle is inscribed in △PQR, where X, Y and Z are points of contact. PQR = 90,
PQ = 12 cm and QR = 16 cm.
(a) Find the length of PR.
(b) Find the length of PZ.
(5 marks)
Solution:
(a) In △PQR,
PQ2 + QR2 = PR2 (Pyth. theorem)
PR =
= cm 1M
= 20 cm 1A

(b) Let PZ = a cm.

ZR = PR  PZ
= (20  a) cm 1M
YR = ZR (tangent properties)
= (20  a) cm
PX = PZ (tangent properties)
= a cm
XQ = PQ  PX
= (12  a) cm
QY = XQ (tangent properties)
= (12  a) cm
QY + YR = QR
12  a + 20  a = 16 1M
2a = 16
a=8
∴ The length of PZ is 8 cm. 1A

3
P S

T
X

Q R

In the figure, points X and Y are the centres of two equal circles. Circle X and circle Y touch each
other externally at T. PQRS is a rectangle. Circle X touches PQ and QR. Circle Y touches PS and
SR. If the radius of each circle is 1 cm and QR = 3 cm, is the area of PQRS greater than 11 cm2?
Explain your answer.
(6 marks)
Solution:
Suppose circle X touches PQ and QR at G and A respectively, and circle Y touches PS and SR at F
and D respectively.
Let B be a point on QR such that YB  QR and C be a point on SR such that XC  SR.
Let E be the point of intersection of XC and YB.
P F S

Y D

T
X C
G E

Q A B R

QA = GX = 1 cm
BR = YD = 1 cm
EX = AB
= QR  QA  BR
= (3  1  1) cm 1M
= 1 cm
XY = XT + YT
= (1 + 1) cm 1M
= 2 cm
XEY = ABE (corr. s, XC // AR)
= 90
In △XYE,
EX2 + EY2 = XY2 (Pyth. theorem)
EY =
= cm 1M
= cm
CD = EY = cm
SD = FY = 1 cm
CR = XA = 1 cm
SR = SD + CD + CR
= (1 + + 1) cm 1M
=
Area of PQRS
= QR  SR
= 3(2 + ) cm2 1M
= 11.196 cm2, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
> 11 cm2
∴ The area of PQRS is greater than 11 cm2. 1A

4
U

21
S

P Q
T

In the figure, SU is a diameter of the circle. PSR is a straight line and PQ is the tangent to the
circle at T. If PT = RT and RSU = 21, find SPT.
(6 marks)
Solution:
U

21
S

P Q
T

Join RU.
Let SPT = x.
In △PRT,
∵ PT = RT (given)
∴ SPT = PRT (base s, isos. △)
∴ PRT = x 1M
PTS = PRT ( in alt. segment)
 =x 1M
In △PST,
RST = SPT + PTS (ext.  of △)
=x+x 1M
= 2x
SRU = 90 ( in semi-circle) 1A
UST + URT = 180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
RSU + RST + SRU + PRT = 180
21 + 2x + 90 + x = 180 1M
3x = 69
x = 23
∴ SPT = 23 1A

Alternative method:
U

21
S

P Q
T

Join UT.
Let SPT = x.
In △PRT,
∵ PT = RT (given)
∴ SPT = PRT (base s, isos. △)
∴ PRT = x 1M
PTS = PRT ( in alt. segment)
=x 1M
RTU = RSU (s in the same segment)
= 21 1M
STU = 90 ( in semi-circle) 1A
In △PTR,
SPT + PRT + PTR = 180 ( sum of △)
SPT + PRT + PTS + STU + RTU = 180
x + x + x + 90 + 21 = 180 1M
3x = 69
x = 23
∴ SPT = 23 1A
5
E
D

109
38
A C
B

In the figure, AB is a diameter of the circle. ABC and CDE are straight lines. BAE = 38 and
CBD = 109.
(a) Find BED.
(b) Join AD. Is AD the angle bisector of BAE? Explain your answer.
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) AEB = 90 ( in semi-circle) 1A
AED = CBD (ext. , cyclic quad.)
= 109 1A
BED + AEB = AED
BED + 90 = 109 1M
BED = 19 1A

(b)
E
D

109
38
A C
B

Join AD.
BAD = BED (s in the same segment)
= 19 1A
BAD + DAE = BAE
19 + DAE = 38 1M
DAE = 19
∵ BAD = DAE
∴ AD is the angle bisector of BAE. 1A
6
Q

72 R
19

P 27

T
In the figure, PR and QS are straight lines. SR = ST, RSQ = 19, RPS = 27 and PQS = 72.
(a) Find QST.
(b) Find PST.
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a)
Q

72 R
19

P 27

T
Join PT.
∵ ST = SR (given)
∴ SPT = RPS (equal chords, equal angles)
= 27 1A
RPT + RST = 180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
RPS + SPT + RSQ + QST = 180
27 + 27 + 19 + QST = 180 1M
QST = 107 1A

(b) PTS + PQS = 180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)

PTS + 72 = 180 1M
PTS = 108
In △PST,
PST + SPT + PTS = 180 ( sum of △)
PST + 27 + 108 = 180 1M
PST = 45 1A
7
U

20

R
K

40 T
P S
In the figure, PQU, PST, SRU and QRT are straight lines. PR and QS intersect at K. PUR = 20
and PTR = 40.
(a) Find QPS.
(b) If RKS = 110, find SQR and QSR.
(9 marks)
Solution:
(a) SRT = QPS (ext. , cyclic quad.) 1M
In △PSU,
RST = PUR + QPS (ext.  of △)
= 20 + QPS 1M
In △RST,
RST + SRT + PTR = 180 ( sum of △)
20 + QPS + QPS + 40 = 180 1M
2QPS = 120
QPS = 60 1A

(b) SPR = SQR (s in the same segment) 1M

In △PRT,
QRP = SPR + PTR (ext.  of △)
= SQR + 40 1M
In △QRK,
SQR + QRP = RKS (ext.  of △)
SQR + SQR + 40 = 110 1M
2SQR = 70
SQR = 35 1A
QPR + SPR = QPS
QPR + 35 = 60
QPR = 25
 QSR = QPR (s in the same segment)
= 25 1A

8
B
C

A K

E
D
In the figure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. BAE is a straight line. AC and DA are the angle
bisectors of BCD and CAE respectively.
(a) Betty claims that △BCD is an isosceles triangle. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
(b) If BKC = 84, find CAE.
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) DAE = BCD (ext. , cyclic quad.) 1M
∵ DA is the angle bisector of CAE. (given)
∴ CAD = DAE 1M
CBD = CAD (s in the same segment) 1M
= DAE
= BCD
∴ BD = CD (sides opp. eq. s)
i.e. △BCD is an isosceles triangle.
∴ The claim is agreed. 1A

(b) Let ACB = x.

∵ AC is the angle bisector of BCD. (given)
∴ BCD = 2ACB = 2x
CBD = BCD = 2x
In △BCK,
ACB + CBD + BKC = 180 ( sum of △)
x + 2x + 84 = 180 1M
3x = 96
x = 32
CAE = 2CAD
= 2CBD
= 2  2  32
 = 128 1A

9
P
S
35
Q

40 R
T

In the figure, P, Q, R and S are points on the circle, where =2 and PQS = 35. T is a

point outside the circle such that QT = RT, QS // TR and QTR = 40.
(a) Find PSR.
(b) Find PSQ.
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a)
P
S
35
Q

40 R
T
Join QR.
In △QTR,
∵ QT = RT (given)
∴ RQT = QRT (base s, isos. △)
RQT + QRT + QTR = 180 ( sum of △)
QRT + QRT + 40 = 180 1M
2QRT = 140
QRT = 70
RQS = QRT (alt. s, QS // TR)
= 70 1A
 PQR + PSR = 180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
35 + 70 + PSR = 180 1M
PSR = 75 1A

(b) QSR : PSQ = : (arcs prop. to s at circumference)

=2 :

=2:1 1M
∴ PSQ = PSR 

= 75  1M
= 25 1A

Alternative method:

: = QSR : PSQ (arcs prop. to s at circumference)

= 1M

QSR = 2PSQ
QSR + PSQ = PSR
2PSQ + PSQ = 75 1M
3PSQ = 75
PSQ = 25 1A

10
A E

B C
In the figure, AC, DE and ADB are straight lines. AB = AC, ED = EC, BC = DC and
BDC = EDC.
(a) Prove that △ABC  △EDC.
(b) Prove that ACD = AED.
(5 marks)
Solution:
(a) In △ABC and △EDC,
BC = DC given
∴ ABC = BDC base s, isos. △
= EDC given
∵ ED = EC given
∴ EDC = ECD base s, isos. △ Any correct proof with correct
given reasons. 3A
∵ AB = AC Any correct proof without
∴ ABC = ACB base s, isos. △ reasons. 2A
Incomplete proof with any one
i.e. ACB = ECD
correct step and one correct
∴ △ABC  △EDC ASA
reason. 1A

(b) ∵ △ABC  △EDC proved in (a)

∴ BAC = DEC corr. s, △s
∴ A, D, C and E are concyclic. converse of s in the Any correct proof with correct
reasons. 2A
same segment
Any correct proof without
∴ ACD = AED s in the same segment reasons. 1A

11
Let k be a real number. The graph of the quadratic function y = 2x2 + 12x + 6k passes through the
point R, where the y-coordinate of R is k2.
(a) Are there two different positions of R for any real number k? Explain your answer.
(b) Suppose that the graph of the function passes through the two points P(a , k2) and Q(b , k2),
where a and b are constants.
(i) Show that (a  b)2 = 36  12k + 2k2.
(ii) Is it possible that the distance between P and Q is less than 3? Explain your answer.
(8 marks)
Solution:
(a) Substitute y = k2 into y = 2x2 + 12x + 6k.
k2 = 2x2 + 12x + 6k
2x2 + 12x + 6k  k2 = 0 ...............................(1)
Discriminant of (1) = 122  4(2)(6k  k2) 1M
= 144 + 8(k  6k)
2
 = 144 + 8 1M

= 144 + 8(k2  6k + 9)  72
= 8(k  3)2 + 72
 72
>0
∴ There are two different positions of R for any real number k. 1A

(b) (i) a and b are the two roots of equation (1).

a+b= = 6
1M
ab =

(a  b)2 = a2  2ab + b2
= a2 + 2ab + b2  2ab  2ab
= (a + b)2  4ab 1M

= (6)2  4

= 36  12k + 2k2
∴ (a  b)2 = 36  12k + 2k2 1

(ii) PQ =
= 1M
=

=
=
The shortest distance between P and Q is .
∵ >3
∴ It is not possible that the distance between P and Q is less than 3. 1A

12
Point (k , 5k2 + 4k) lies on the graph of the quadratic function y = 2x2 + (2k + 4)x + k2 + c, where
k and c are constants.
(a) Is c a positive number? Explain your answer.
(b) Suppose 0 < k < 5. It is given that the graph passes through the two points A(m , 1) and
B(n , 1), where m and n are constants.
(i) Show that (m  n)2 = k2 + 4k + 6.
(ii) Is it possible that the length of AB is greater than 5? Explain your answer.
 (8 marks)
Solution:
(a) Substitute x = k and y = 5k2 + 4k into y = 2x2 + (2k + 4)x + k2 + c.
5k2 + 4k = 2k2 + (2k + 4)k + k2 + c 1M
c=0
∴ c is not a positive number. 1A

(b) (i) Substitute y = 1 and c = 0 into y = 2x2 + (2k + 4)x + k2 + c.

1 = 2x2 + (2k + 4)x + k2 + 0 1M
2x2 + (2k + 4)x + k2  1 = 0 ............................................. (1)
m and n are the two roots of equation (1).
m+n= = k  2
1M
mn =

(m  n)2 = m2  2mn + n2
= m2 + 2mn + n2  2mn  2mn
= (m + n)2  4mn 1M

= (k  2)2  4

= k2 + 4k + 4  2k2 + 2
= k2 + 4k + 6
∴ (m  n)2 = k2 + 4k + 6 1

(ii) AB =
= 1M
=

=
=
For 0 < k < 5, the maximum length of AB is .
∵ <5
∴ It is not possible that the length of AB is greater than 5. 1A

13
Find the directions of opening, the y-intercepts and the x-intercepts of the graphs of the following
quadratic functions.
(a) y = (x + 13)(17  x) + 31
(b) y = (2x  1)2  16
 (8 marks)
Solution:
(a) y = (x + 13)(17  x) + 31
= x2 + 4x + 221 + 31
= x2 + 4x + 252
Coefficient of x2 = 1 < 0
∴ The graph opens downward. 1A
y-intercept = 252 1A
When y = 0, x2 + 4x + 252 = 0
x2  4x  252 = 0
(x + 14)(x  18) = 0 1M
x = 14 or 18
∴ The x-intercepts are 14 and 18. 1A

(b) y = (2x  1)2  16

= 4x2  4x + 1  16
= 4x2  4x  15
Coefficient of x2 = 4 > 0
∴ The graph opens upward. 1A
y-intercept = 15 1A
When y = 0, 4x2  4x  15 = 0
(2x + 3)(2x  5) = 0 1M
x= or

∴ 1A

14
y
x = –2

x
0
–1
y = ax2  4x + c

In the figure, the y-intercept of the graph of the quadratic function y = ax2  4x + c is 1, where a
and c are constants. The equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph is x = 2. Let (h , 1) be a
point on the graph, where h  0.
(a) Find the value of h.
(b) Find the values of a and c.
 (5 marks)
Solution:
(a) ∵ (h , 1) and (0 , 1) lie on the same horizontal line, and the equation of the axis of
symmetry is x = 2.

∴ = 2 1M

h = 4 1A

(b) y-intercept = 1
∴ c = 1 1A
Substitute c = 1, x = 4 and y = 1 into y = ax2  4x + c.
1 = a(4)2  4(4) + (1) 1M
1 = 16a + 16  1
16 = 16a
a = 1 1A

15
y
y = x2  mx + n

x
O

The figure shows the graph of the quadratic function y = x2  mx + n, where m and n are positive
constants.
(a) Determine whether m2 = 4n is true. Explain your answer.
(b) Write down two pairs of possible values of m and n.
(4 marks)
Solution:
(a) The graph has one x-intercept.
∴ The discriminant of x2  mx + n = 0 is equal to 0.
(m)2  4(1)(n) = 0 1M
m2 = 4n
∴ m2 = 4n is true. 1A

(b) ∵ m > 0, n > 0 and m2 = 4n.

∴ m = 4, n = 4 and m = 6, n = 9 are two pairs of possible values. 1A+1A
 (or other reasonable answers)

16
y

x
O

y = mx2 + 12x + n

The figure shows the graph of the quadratic function y = mx2 + 12x + n, where m and n are
constants with m > n.
(a) Find the value of mn.
(b) It is given that both m and n are divisible by 3.
(i) Write down the possible values of m and n.
(ii) Hence, find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph.
(5 marks)
Solution:
(a) The graph has one x-intercept.
∴ The discriminant of mx2 + 12x + n = 0 is equal to 0.
122  4mn = 0 1M
4mn = 144
mn = 36 1A

(b) (i) The graph opens downward.

∴ Coefficient of x2 = m < 0
y-intercept = n < 0
∵ m and n are divisible by 3, n < m < 0 and mn = 36.
∴ m = 3 and n = 12. 1A

(ii) From (b)(i), y = 3x2 + 12x  12.

When y = 0, 3x2 + 12x  12 = 0
x2  4x + 4 = 0
(x  2)2 = 0 1M
x = 2 (repeated)
∴ The coordinates of the vertex of the graph are (2 , 0). 1A
17
Let f(x) = x2 + bx  27, where b is a constant. The maximum value of the function y = f(x) is 9. It is
given that  and  are the two roots of the equation f(x) = 0.
(a) Express the equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of y = f(x) in terms of b.
(b) Hence, find the values of b.
(c) For each value obtained in (b), find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of y = f(x).
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) ∵  and  are the two roots of the equation f(x) = 0.
∴ += =b 1M
x-coordinate of the mid-point of the line segment joining ( , 0) and ( , 0)
=

∴ 1A

(b) The axis of symmetry passes through the vertex.

∴ Coordinates of the vertex =

Substitute x = and y = 9 into y = x2 + bx  27.

9=  27 1M

= 36

b2 = 144
b = 12 or 12 1A

(c) When b = 12,

coordinates of the vertex =

= (6 , 9) 1A
When b = 12,

coordinates of the vertex =

= (6 , 9) 1A

18
 y

A x
O

B y = x2 +x + k

In the figure, the graph of the quadratic function y = x2 + x + k passes through the point
A(3 , 0), where k is a constant. The graph cuts the y-axis at the point B.
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) If P is a point on the y-axis such that △ABP is an isosceles triangle and AB is one of the equal
sides, find the possible coordinates of P.
(8 marks)
Solution:
(a) Substitute x = 3 and y = 0 into y = x2 + x + k.

0 = (3)2 + (3) + k 1M
k = 4 1A

(b) Coordinates of B = (0 , 4)

Let (0 , p) be the coordinates of P.
AB = =5 1M
When AP = AB,
=5 1M
2
9 + p = 25
p2 = 16
p = 4 or 4 (rejected)
When BP = AB,
=5 1M
(4  p) = 25
2

4  p = 5 or 5
p = 9 or 1
∴ The possible coordinates of P are (0 , 9), (0 , 1) and (0 , 4). 1A+1A+1A

19
The graph of a quadratic function y = f(x) cuts the x-axis at A(2 , 0) and B(6 , 0). The maximum
value of the function is 32.
(a) Find f(x).
(b) C and D are two points on the graph of y = f(x), where the y-coordinates of C and D are both
equal to 14. Find the area of △ACD.
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) x-coordinate of the mid-point of AB
=
=2
∴ The coordinates of the vertex of the graph of y = f(x) are (2 , 32).
Let y = a(x + 2)(x  6), where a is a constant. 1A
The graph passes through (2 , 32).
Substitute x = 2 and y = 32 into y = a(x + 2)(x  6).
32 = a(2 + 2)(2  6) 1M
32 = 16a
a = 2
∴ f(x) = 2(x + 2)(x  6)
= 2(x2  4x  12)
= 2x2 + 8x + 24 1A

(b) Substitute y = 14 into y = 2x2 + 8x + 24.

14 = 2x2 + 8x + 24 1M
2x2  8x  10 = 0
x2  4x  5 = 0
(x + 1)(x  5) = 0 1M
x = 1 or 5
Area of △ACD = [5  (1)](14  0) 1M
= 42 1A

20
The graph of the quadratic function y = x2 + bx + c cuts the x-axis at the points A(3 , 0) and B,
where b and c are [Link] graph cuts the y-axis at the point C(0 , 3).
(a) Find the values of b and c.
(b) Let P be a point on the graph and lying above the x-axis.
If area of △AOP : area of △BOC = 4 : 1, find the coordinates of P.
(8 marks)
Solution:
(a) y-intercept = 3
∴ c=3 1A
Substitute c = 3, x = 3 and y = 0 into y = x2 + bx + c.
 0 = (3)2 + b(3) + 3 1M
3b = 6
b = 2 1A

(b) From (a), y = x2  2x + 3.

When y = 0,
x2  2x + 3 = 0
x2 + 2x  3 = 0
(x + 3)(x  1) = 0 1M
x = 3 or 1
∴ The coordinates of B are (1 , 0).
Area of △BOC = (1  0)(3  0)

= 1A
Let the coordinates of P be (h , k), where k > 0.
∵ Area of △AOP : area of △BOC = 4 : 1
∴ Area of △AOP = 4  area of △BOC
[0  (3)](k  0) = 4  1M
k=4
Substitute x = h and y = 4 into y = x2  2x + 3.
4 = h2  2h + 3 1M
h2 + 2h + 1 = 0
(h + 1)2 = 0
h = 1 (repeated)
∴ The coordinates of P are (1 , 4). 1A

21
(1 , 1) is a point on the graph of the quadratic function y = kx2  6kx + 11, where k is a non-zero
constant.
(a) Does the graph open upward or downward? Explain your answer.
(b) Find the maximum or minimum value of y, and find the coordinates of the vertex of the
graph.
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) Substitute x = 1 and y = 1 into y = kx2  6kx + 11.
1 = k(1)2  6k(1) + 11 1M
5k = 10
k=2 1A
 ∵ Coefficient of x2 = k > 0
∴ The graph opens upward. 1A

(b) From (a), y = 2x2  6(2)x + 11

= 2(x2  6x) + 11

=2 + 11 1M

= 2(x2  6x + 9)  18 + 11
= 2(x  3)2  7 1A
∴ The minimum value of y is 7 and the coordinates of the vertex of the graph
are (3 , 7). 1A+1A

22
The y-intercept of the graph of the quadratic function y = ax2  20x + b is 11, where a and b are
constants. The graph passes through the point (1 , 5).
(a) Find the value of b.
(b) Does the graph open upward or downward? Explain your answer.
(c) Find the maximum or minimum value of y, and write down the equation of the axis of
symmetry of the graph.
(8 marks)
Solution:
(a) y-intercept = 11
∴ b = 11 1A

(b) Substitute b = 11, x = 1 and y = 5 into y = ax2  20x + b.

5 = a(1)2  20(1) + (11) 1M
5=a+9
a = 4 1A
∵ 2
Coefficient of x = a < 0
∴ The graph opens downward. 1A

(c) From (a) and (b), y = 4x2  20x  11

= 4(x2 + 5x)  11

= 4  11 1M

= 4 + 25  11

= 4 + 14 1A
 ∴ The maximum value of y is 14 and the equation of the axis of symmetry of the
1A+1A

23
The equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of the function y = 3x2 + mx + n is x = 1, where
m and n are constants. The y-intercept of the graph is 8.
(a) Find the values of m and n.
(b) Find the minimum value of the function.
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) y = 3x2 + mx + n

=3 +n

=3 +n 1M

=3 +n

=3 +n 1A

∵ The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 1.

∴  =1 1M
m = 6 1A
∵ y-intercept =8
∴ n=8 1A

(b) From (a), y = 3

= 3(x  1)2 + 5 1A
∴ The minimum value of the function is 5. 1A

24
The graph of a quadratic function y = f(x) cuts the x-axis at (4 , 0) and (1 , 0). The graph passes
through (2 , 6).
(a) Find f(x).
(b) Using the method of completing the square, find the maximum value of the function.
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) Let y = a(x + 4)(x  1), where a is a constant. 1M
Substitute x = 2 and y = 6 into y = a(x + 4)(x  1).
6 = a(2 + 4)(2  1) 1M
6 = 6a
a = 1
∴ f(x) = (x + 4)(x  1)
= (x2 + 3x  4)
= x2  3x + 4 1A

(b) f(x) = x2  3x + 4

= (x2 + 3x) + 4

= +4 1M

= +4

= 1A

∴ 1A

25
The graph of the function y = x2 + bx + c passes through (1 , 25) and (3 , 9), where b and c are
constants.
(a) Find the values of b and c.
(b) Find the y-intercept of the graph.
(c) (i) Find the equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph.
(ii) Find the maximum value of the function.
(8 marks)
Solution:
(a) Substitute x = 1 and y = 25 into y = x2 + bx + c.
25 = (1)2 + b(1) + c
b + c = 26 ........................... (1)
1M
Substitute x = 3 and y = 9 into y = x2 + bx + c.
9 = (3)2 + b(3) + c
3b + c = 18 ........................... (2)
(2)  (1): 4b = 8
b = 2 1A
Substitute b = 2 into (1).
(2) + c = 26
 c = 24 1A

(b) y-intercept = c = 24 1A

(c) (i) y = x2  2x + 24

= (x2 + 2x) + 24

= + 24 1M

= (x2 + 2x + 1) + 1 + 24
= (x + 1)2 + 25 1A
∴ The equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph is x = 1. 1A

(ii) The maximum value of the function is 25. 1A

26
y

A
x
C O

y = –2x2  12x + 6
In the figure, the graph of the function y = –2x2  12x + 6 cuts the y-axis at the point A. The axis of
symmetry of the graph cuts the graph at the point B and cuts the x-axis at the point C.
(a) Using the method of completing the square, find the coordinates of B.
(b) Find the area of the trapezium OABC.
(6 marks)
Solution:
(a) y = –2x2  12x + 6
= 2(x2 + 6x) + 6

= 2 +6 1M

= 2(x2 + 6x + 9) + 18 + 6
= 2(x + 3)2 + 24 1A
∴ The coordinates of B are (3 , 24). 1A

(b) The y-intercept of the graph is 6.

∴ OA = 6
The equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph is x = 3.
 ∴ OC = 0  (3) = 3
Area of the trapezium OABC
=

= 1M+1A
= 45 1A

27
y
y = x2 – 4x + k – 1

x
P O Q

R
In the figure, the graph of the function y = x2  4x + k  1 cuts the x-axis at the points P and Q,
where k is a constant. R is the vertex of the graph and the minimum value of the function is 9.
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Find the coordinates of R.
(c) Find the area of △PQR.
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) y = x2  4x + k  1

= x2  4x + +k1 1M

= x2  4x + 4  4 + k  1
= (x  2)2 + k  5
∵ Minimum value = 9
∴ k  5 = 9 1M
k = 4 1A

(b) From (a), y = (x  2)2  9.

∴ The coordinates of R are (2 , 9). 1A

(c) When y = 0, x2  4x + (4)  1 = 0

x2  4x  5 = 0
(x + 1)(x  5) = 0 1M
x = 1 or 5
 ∴ The coordinates of P and Q are (1 , 0) and (5 , 0) respectively.
Area of △PQR = [5  (1)][0  (9)] 1M
= 27 1A

28
Let f(x) = 2x2  8kx  8k2  1, where k is a positive real number.
(a) Does the equation f(x) = k have real roots? Explain your answer.
(b) Using the method of completing the square, express the coordinates of the vertex of the graph
of y = f(x) in terms of k.
(5 marks)
Solution:
(a) f(x) = k
2x  8kx  8k  1 = k
2 2

2x + 8kx + 8k2 + k + 1 = 0
2

Discriminant  = (8k)2  4(2)(8k2 + k + 1) 1M

= 64k  64k  8k  8
2 2

= 8k  8
< 0 (∵ k > 0)
∴ The equation f(x) = k has no real roots. 1A

(b) f(x) = 2x2  8kx  8k2  1

= 2(x2 + 4kx)  8k2  1

= 2  8k2  1 1M

= 2(x2 + 4kx + 4k2) + 8k2  8k2  1

= 2(x + 2k)2  1 1A
∴ The coordinates of the vertex of the graph are (2k , 1). 1A

29
Let f(x) = x2 + 6p2x  3p4 + 3, where p is a real constant.
(a) Does the graph of y = f(x) + 2 cut the x-axis? Explain your answer.
(b) Using the method of completing the square, express the coordinates of the vertex of the graph
of y = f(x) in terms of p.
(c) Let O be the origin. Point A is at the vertex of the graph of y = f(x). A is translated to the right
by 4 units to B. Does the circumcentre of △OAB lie on the y-axis? Explain your answer.
(9 marks)
Solution:
(a) f(x) + 2 = x2 + 6p2x  3p4 + 3 + 2
= x2 + 6p2x  3p4 + 5
Discriminant  = (6p2)2  4(1)(3p4 + 5) 1M
= 36p4  12p4 + 20
= 24p4 + 20
>0
∴ The graph of y = f(x) + 2 cuts the x-axis. 1A

(b) f(x) = x2 + 6p2x  3p4 + 3

= (x2  6p2x)  3p4 + 3

=  3p4 + 3 1M

= (x2  6p2x + 9p4) + 9p4  3p4 + 3

= (x  3p2)2 + 6p4 + 3 1A
∴ 2 4
The coordinates of the vertex of the graph are (3p , 6p + 3). 1A

(c) Coordinates of B = (3p2 + 4 , 6p4 + 3) 1M

∵ AB is a horizontal line.
∴ The perpendicular bisector of AB is a vertical line. 1M
x-coordinate of the circumcentre of △OAB

= 1M

= 3p2 + 2
>0
∴ The circumcentre of △OAB does not lie on the y-axis. 1A

30
Let f(x) = x2 + 2tx + 6t  9, where t is a real constant and t  3.
(a) Find the two x-intercepts of the graph of y = f(x).
(b) Using the method of completing the square, find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of
y = f(x).
(c) Let C be the vertex of the graph of y = f(x), and let D be the point of intersection of the graph
of y = f(x) and the y-axis. Someone claims that the mid-point of CD lies on the graph of the
function y = 2x2  12x  9 for t  0 and t  3. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
(Give the answers in terms of t if necessary.)
(8 marks)
Solution:
(a) When y = 0,
x2 + 2tx + 6t  9 = 0
 x= 1M

= 3  2t or 3
∴ The two x-intercepts are 3  2t and 3. 1A

(b) y = x2 + 2tx + 6t  9

= x2 + 2tx +  + 6t  9 1M

= x2 + 2tx + t2  t2 + 6t  9
= (x + t)2  t2 + 6t  9 1A
∴ The coordinates of the vertex of the graph of y = f(x) are (t , t + 6t  9).
2
1A

(c) Coordinates of D = (0 , 6t  9)

Coordinates of the mid-point of CD = 1M

Substitute x =  and y =  + 6t  9 into y = 2x2  12x  9.

R.H.S. = 2 9 1M

=  + 6t  9

= L.H.S.
∴ The mid-point of CD lies on the graph of the function y = 2x2  12x  9 for t  0 and
t  3.
∴ The claim is agreed. 1A