LEVELS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

OF BEACH RESORTS IN GUMASA,
GLAN, SARANGANI
PROVINCE

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Subject Requirements in

PRAC 2

(Practical Research 2 in Senior High School)

______________________________________________________________

SUBMITTED BY:

TAMANDAN, CHERRY ANN A.

LAUMBOR, KIM CARIN H.
PASINABO, GLADDEN B.
BORE, FRHOILAND M.
ABOGADO, ALITA S.
HERMOSO, LAICA A.
MAZO, JONDREL B.
ROSCO, ALEXA C.
NIDAL, SARAH A.
OLIS, JOLYAN B.

CHAPTER I
 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS

Introduction

As tourism continues to grow in popularity, many beach resorts are facing

challenges when it comes to controlling various solid wastes generated from

tourist ends, In fact, according to the United Nations Environment Programme

(UNEP), tourists alone generate approximately 1.3 billion tons of waste annually,

accounting for around four to eight percent of global waste production, this waste

amount is estimated to be generated solely due to tourism- related activities.

Further, in the Philippines top tourist, Pristine Island Paradise closed due

to sewage mess. The island’s sewage problem, with estimates suggesting that

only half of the 200 commercial establishments had proper sewage facilities,

resulting in wastewater being released into the surrounding waters. This pollution

threatened the once crystal-clear waters and white sandy beaches that Boracay

was renowned for. Additionally, in an article entitled “Tourist Waste Major

Contributor” to Philippine pollution report by Agency France-Presse (AFP) July

17, 2012, the waste generated by tourists in popular destinations like Manila Bay

is a major contributor to pollution in the Philippines. It discusses the alarming

pollution level caused by irresponsible tourist behavior and the excessive waste

they produce, particularly single-use practices.

With this prevalent and arising problem, tourism destination in the

Southern Philippines is no exception. Gumasa, as the tourism center of the

South hosted Sarangani Bay Festival, the largest beach festival in the country,

attracting thousands of tourists who come for a weekend of fun. However, this
surge of visitors brings along an unfortunate increase in waste. Plastic bottles,

foods wrappers, and disposable items are often left behind on the beautiful

beaches, harming the environment and posting the threat to marine life and

ecosystems. Considering the group solid waste problem, it is becoming

increasingly important for beach resorts to implement sustainable practices to

ensure their effective operations.

Background of the Study

In economies that depend the ability on tourism, sustainable solid waste

management (SWM) has grown more and more important, especially in places

that are sensitive to the environment, like beach resorts. The development of the

tourism sector has boosted the local economy in coastal areas like Glan,

Sarangani, Province- Gumasa. However, it has resulted in various environmental

challenges, notably the increasing generation of solid waste. The degree of

sustainable waste management (SWM) practices implemented by beach resort in

Gumasa as varies, despite the existence of regulations and guideline for proper

waste disposal. Beach resort faces challenges in managing their waste due to

high volume of visitors. The disparity in waste management practices may be

attributed to the factors such as resources availability, awareness, commitment,

from management.

Sustainable solid waste management practices include reducing waste

production, recycling, and proper disposal of non-recyclables. These practices

promote a circular economy, improve resources efficiency, mitigate climate

change, and safeguard communities and ecosystems. Adopting sustainable

waste management practices ensures a sustainable and resilient maintaining its

ecological balance.

The study tackles the importance of sustainable solid waste management

practices in Gumasa, Glan, which has been a popular beach destination in

Sarangani Province. As excessive waste generation can negatively impact the

environment and tourism, this research aims to provide insights into how beach

resorts can opera sustainably while contributing to the economic development of

the area.

Review of Related Literature

Mendoza, J., & Sanchez, C. (2016) provide a comprehensive global

overview of sustainable waste management practices utilized by the tourism

industry. The article highlights the significant environmental challenges posed by

tourism, particularly in relation to waste management and disposal processes.

Furthermore, in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development

Goals (SDGs), sustainable waste management is identified as a key factor in

achieving sustainability in the tourism industry.

Global Sustainable Tourism Council (2021) developed a set of criteria for

hotels and tour operators to promote sustainable tourism practices. The criteria

cover four main areas: effective sustainability planning, maximizing social and

economic benefits for the local community, enhancing cultural heritage, and

minimizing environmental impact. These criteria can help businesses in the

tourism industry to operate in a responsible and sustainable manner, while also

enhancing the experience of guests and contributing to the local economy.

Abad, R. G., & Inigo, E. A. (2016) explored the challenges of

implementing solid waste management in Boracay Island – one of the leading

tourist destinations in the Philippines. The authors highlight the importance of

proper waste management in ensuring the sustainability of the island’s

environment and tourism Industry.

The enormous flood of tourists to the Philippines well-known tourist

destination. Boracay Island has created environmental challenges and solid

waste management has been one of the main problems. Waste production

surged along with tourists, placing pressure on the island’s infrastructure and

natural surroundings. In response, the Malay, Aklan local administration and

national organizations have put in place a number of initiatives to guarantee

sustainable waste management on the island.

Mejia, M.F., & Repollo, R. C. (2016) said that the reducing the negative

effects of tourism on the Level of Implementation of Sustainable Solid Waste

Management (SWM) practices in a few beach resort in Cebu Province. To

effeciently manage waste, resort are implementing techniques include

composting, recycling, and waste segregation. In order to properly dispose of

waste, they collaborate with local government and run awareness-raising efforts

for both personnel and visitors. The degree of execution varies though, with

many resort having difficulties due to a lack of finance and infrastructure. In

general SWM initiatives support sustainable tourism and preserve Cebu coastal

environment.

As attested of Peter Onyonje Osiako, Harshavardhan Reddy Kummitha

(2020) Environmental management today is becoming an essential aspect of the

operations of tourism business globally to the point that a number of

environmental initiatives have been put in place by tourism developers. Green

accommodation images have become a powerful operational tool in attracting

and retaining more guests and in achieving cost reduction measures. However,

there seems to be a gap in monitoring out comes of such initiatives. The

objectives of this study was to identify environmental management practices

adopted by beach hotels on the Kenyan coast and establish factors that limited

adoption of environmental management practices.

Waste management presents special challenges for tourism destinations

in the developing world. Although large tourist inflows and accompanying

development can greatly increase the volume of municipal waste, affluent

travelers expect high aesthetic and sanitary standards to be met. Local

governments often lack sufficient capacity to handle waste sustainably and local

awareness of the need for waste segregation, recycling, or other practices may

be low Jane Singer, Kinh Thi Kieu, Andrea Emma Pravitasari (2019) said.

According to Kevin Serrona, Jeongsoo Yu, Mary Camarin (2020) It is

pursuing sustainable tourism because of the increasing number of tourists along

with the alarming increase in waste generation. The island faces the Pacific

Ocean and receives marine debris that yearly monsoon winds bring. We explore

marine litter mitigation and prevention in tourism destinations like Siargao

through circular economy interventions. Innovative legislation and policies,

capacity building, deposit refund systems, technological innovations, and

community-based approaches to minimize, capture, and process marine litter it

will tackle in the hope of contributing to the global practices on sustainable

tourism in island economies.

 Through considered the number one beach of the Philippines, Boracay

has been through periods where it has been considered as an example of

environmentally and socially unsustainable development. In response there have

been a number of programmes since the late 1990s aiming to improve Boracay

sustainability. In these, significant attention has been given to the aesthetic

landscape of tourism consumption, most consumption, most especially “the

beach” and associated water quality. Jackie Ong, Donovan Storey, John

Minnery, (2020).

Rose Ann A Villarias, Kristin Iris G Estores (2020) highlights the term of

the extent of tourism impacts of resort management practices, findings revealed

that it is also to a moderate extent, which means the resort management

practices have an average impact. It indicates that the island resort incorporates

good management practices by incorporating sustainable initiatives that can

positively influence its business operations and external environment. However,

the study results can also validate that there is a need for improvement in the

area of community development. Moreover, the resort’s environmental

management must be prevalent and considered in the overall business operation

to contribute to environmental footprints.

Mariano, H. T. (2018) An assessment of the implementation of solid

waste management practices in Maasim, Sarangani Province. The study

conducted by Mariano (2018) aims to assess the implementation of solid waste

management practices in the municipality of Maasim, Sarangani Province. The

municipality has adopted different solid waste management practices, including

segregation at source, collection and transportation, recycling, composting, and

disposal. However, the implementation of the program faced several challenges,

such as limited resources, lack of political will, inadequate community

participation, and poor enforcement of regulations.

In critical insights into the current state of solid waste management

practices in Maasim, Sarangani Province. While the municipality has made

significant progress in implementing waste management practices, there is a

need for sustained efforts to address the identified challenges and gaps. The

findings of the study have significant implications for policymakers, government

officials, and other stakeholders involved in the management of solid waste.

The overwhelming influx of tourist in the beautiful and pristine beaches

has brought enormous contribution to both economic and social development of

local communities, however, it does not come without any cost to the

environment. As such, beach resort owners were confronted with pressing issues

relating to sustainability design and implementation. Hence, this study was

initiated to understand the determinants of the sustainability of beach resorts in

Davao Region as well as provide an implication on the sustainability framework

for local policy development Joy G. Soriano, Ma Joy (2021) insisted.

As explained by Mohd Suffian Yusoff, Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin,

Mohamad Haziq Mohd Hanif, Faris Aiman Norashiddin Hussen Shadi, Lawrence

K Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang (2022) Tourism can generated a lot of

opportunities and income, but it also has a lot of negative environmental and

health [Link] production of municipal solid waste and wastewater is

one of the most significant impacts on the environment, economy, and finances.
A variety of waste sources have been identified, and it is important to understand

waste generation and its compositions.

However, due to climatic conditions, geography, financial constraints,

planning challenges, shifting consumption habits, transient population, and

seasonal variations in waste quantity and composition, waste management in

tourism destinations is particularly difficult. Furthermore, because parties

involved in the design, development, and administration of tourist resorts have

conflict of interest, there is sometimes a lack of enthusiasm to implement new

ideas and programs. Waste minimization, recycling, mitigation, best practices,

and education should be further implemented to enhance sustainability.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Theory of Waste Management by Eva Pongracz (2004) is a unified body

of knowledge about waste and waste management, and it is founded on the

expectation that waste management is to prevent waste to cause harm to human

health and the environment and promote resource use optimization. Waste

Management Theory is to be constructed under the paradigm of Industrial

Ecology as Industrial Ecology is equally adaptable to incorporate waste

minimization and/or resource use optimization goals and values. Scientific

systematization, with the ultimate goal of creating a predictive and explanatory

order among the waste management domain problems, a theory is necessary. It

was asserted The foundation of Waste Management Theory will be the Industrial

Ecology paradigm, in their side-by-side progress can be very helpful in creating a

sustainable agenda of disposal of garbage.

 This theory is relevant to our study because Waste Management sought,

which can explain waste is created and can offer an intrinsic solution for the

problem. The idea behind the Theory of Waste Management is that waste the

goal of management is to stop waste from endangering the environment and

human health. The use of waste management techniques results in resource

conservation. But Industrial Ecology successfully integrates techniques for

resource optimization and waste minimization. This guarantees the efficient

circulation of material throughout ecosystems.

Statement of the Problem

This research aimed to determine The level of Implementation of

Sustainable Solid Waste Management Practices of Beach Resorts in Gumasa,

Glan, Sarangani Province. Specifically it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of implementation of sustainable solid waste management

practices of beach resorts in Gumasa, Glan, Sarangani Province in terms of the

following:

2.1. Waste segregation

2.2. Waste disposal

2.3 Waste recycling

2.4. Waste composting

Scope And Delimitation

This study is focused on the Level of Implementation Of Sustainable Solid

Waste Management Practices In Beach Resorts In Gumasa, Glan, Sarangani

Province. It aims to identify the waste management practices currently being

implemented by the resorts and propose strategic interventions to promote more

sustainable and environmentally responsible tourism in the area.

The study has several limitations and delimitation, which include, the

research is limited to 11 beach resorts located in Gumasa, Glan, Sarangani

Province. The study only focuses on sustainable solid waste management

practices, specifically waste segregation, disposal, recycling, and composting.

The research does not cover other aspects of sustainable tourism such as

energy efficiency, water conservation, and carbon footprint reduction. The study

considers the level of implementation of sustainable waste management

practices in beach resorts but does not evaluate the effectiveness or impact of

these practices in terms of environmental performance or visitor satisfaction. The

sample size for the study is limited to a specific number of beach resorts in

Gumasa, Glan, Sarangani Province, which may not be representative of all

beach resorts in the province or the country. The data collection method used for

the study is primarily survey-based, which may be subject to respondent bias or

under reporting of certain actions or practices.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant as it aims to assess the level of implementation of

sustainable solid waste management practices in beach resorts in Gumasa,

Glan, Sarangani Province. The results of this study can be beneficial for Resort

Management, Local Government, Local Residents, Tourists, Environmental

NGOs, Waste Management Companies, Local Business.

 Resort Management. Resort operators can gain insight into improving

their waste management practices leading to cost savings and enhanced

operatinal efficiency.

Local Government. Authorities can use the study’s findings to better

enforce regulations and develop policies that promote sustainable waste

management in the region.

Local Residents. The community benefits from improved environmental

conditions and public health due to better waste management practices.

Tourists. Visitors enjoy cleaner and more attractive beach environments,

enhancing their overall experience and satisfaction.

Environmental NGOs. Organizations focused on environmental

protection can use the study’s outcomes to advocate for better waste

management practices and support similar initiatives elsewhere.

Waste Management Companies. These businesses can gain insights

into effective waste management strategies, potentially improving their market

opportunities.

Local Businesses. Other businesses in the are can benefit from

enhanced local environmental conditions, which can boost their attractiveness

and reputations among environmentally-conscious consumers.

Definition of Terms

For better clarification and understanding of the study, the following terms

were defined operationally:

Levels of Implementation. This refers to the degree to which sustainable

solid waste management practices are adopted and implemented within a

specific context, such as a beach resort. In this study the levels of

implementation involves quantifying and measuring the extent of implementation

through various indicators.

Sustainable Solid Waste Management Practices. This refers to a set of

environmentally responsible methods and strategies employed to manage solid

waste generated by a beach resort. These practices are designed to minimize

environmental impact, conserve resources, and promote a circular economy. In

this study the term Sustainable Waste Management Practices beach resort in

Gumasa involves identifying and defining the specific practices implemented by

the resort.
Part 2. Waste Segregation

Indicator Mean Interpretation

Waste materials are properly separated 4.73 Fully Implemented

into different categories
(e.g,., recyclables, non-recyclables,
organic at the source.

Clear and accessible bins or containers 4.33 Fully Implemented

are providedFor guest and staff to
segregate their waste correctly.

Regular monitoring and enforcement of 3.52 Mostly Implemented

waste Segregation policies are in place
to ensure compliance.

Educational materials or signage are 4.12 Mostly Implemented

available to inform guests and staff
about the importance and
methods of waste segregation

The resort implements initiatives to 3.98 Mostly Implemented

minimize mixedwaste and encourage
proper segregation practices
among guests and staff.

Grand Mean 4.14 Mostly Implemented

In Table 2, the assessment of waste segregation practices among beach

resorts in Gumasa, Glan, Sarangani Province reveals a commendable

commitment to effective waste management. With mean scores ranging from

3.52 to 4.73, the implementation of waste segregation practices is notably high

across various aspects. Particularly noteworthy is the meticulous separation of

waste materials into different categories at the source, with a highest mean score
of 4.73, indicating a robust system in place. Furthermore, the provision of clear

and accessible bins, regularly monitoring and enforcement of segregation

policies, and the availability of educational materials contribute to the overall high

level of implementation, signifying a comprehensive approach to waste

segregation within these resorts. With a lowest mean scores 3.52, respondent

said that the Regular monitoring and enforcement of waste Segregation policies

are Mostly Implemented in place to ensure compliance. The Grand Mean score

of 4.14 further reinforces the Mostly implemented level of implementation of

waste segregation practices.

Talavera M. D (2019). Solid waste management practices and its impacts

on tourism in Kiamba, Sarangani Province. This study focused on the impact of

solid waste management practices on tourism in Kiamba, Sarangani Province.

The research aims to determine the current solid waste management practices in

Kiamba and its effects on the tourism industry. The research found that the solid

wste management practices in Kiamba were inadequate, which resulted in the

deterioration of the natural environment and negatively affected the tourism

industry.

Part 3. Waste Disposal

Indicator Mean

Interpretation

The resort has established proper 4.33 Fully Implemented

waste disposal facilities, such
as landfill areas or incinerators,

Hazardous waste materials, if any, 4.43 Fully Implemented

are disposed safely and in
accordance with environmental
regulations.
 Waste collection services are efficient 3.94 Mostly Implemented
and timely, minimizing the
accumulation of waste on resort
premises.

Measures are in place to prevent 4.14 Mostly Implemented

littering and improper waste disposal
by guests, such as providing trash
bins in strategic locations.

The resort actively participates in 4.08 Mostly Implemented

Community Clean-up efforts and
waste management Initiatives beyond
its premises.

Part 4. Waste Recycle

Indicator Mean
Interpretation

The resort has a comprehensive recycle

Program in place, including collection, 4.49 Fully
Implemented
sorting, and processing of recyclable materials.

Guests and staff are encouraged and provided

With opportunities to recycle materials such as 4.20 Fully
Implemented
Paper, plastic, glass, and mental.
Partnerships with local recycling facilities or
organization are established to facilitate the 3.80 Mostly
Implemented
recycling process.

The resort actively promotes the purchase of

recycled products and supports initiatives to 4.22 Fully
Implemented
reduce waste generation.

Educational campaigns or events are conducted

to raise awareness about the importance of 3.93 Mostly
Implemented
recycling among guests and staff.

Grand Mean 4.13 Mostly

Implemented

PART 5. Waste Composting

Indicator Mean
Interpretation

The resort implements composting

facilities or systems to process organic 4.17 Mostly
Implemented
waste materials, such as food scraps
and garden waste.

Compost produced on-site is utilized for

landscaping, gardening, or other purpose 3.98 Mostly
Implemented
within the resort premises.

Guests and staff are encouraged to

participate in composting initiatives and
provided with guidance on composting
practices. The resort actively promotes
Sustainable practices, such as reducing 4.19 Mostly
Implemented
food waste and composting, through
educational materials or activities.

Regular monitoring and maintenance of

composting facilities are conducted to 4.01 Mostly
Implemented
ensure effective operation and minimal
environmental impact.

The resort implements composting facilities

or system to process organic waste materials, 3.91 Mostly
Implemented
such as food scraps and garden waste.

Grand Mean 4.05 Mostly

Implemented

PART 1. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDE

Variables Frequency(n=100)
Percentage
ROSAL 8 8

COCO 8 8

WHITE HAVEN 8 8

ISLA JARDIN 8 8

HORIZON 8 8

SSWM-COMM 10 10

[Link] 8 8

DOMESTIC TOURIST 42 42

100 100