By
Laiba
Grade- 7th laraib
1
DIVISIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOL & COLLEGE
TOBA TEK SINGH
Email: dpstts@[Link] 046-2512983
1982
Chapter-10
Q 10.1 Encircle the correct option. (Answer key)
1. c
2. b
3. d
4. d
5. b
6. b
7. c
8. b
9. a
10. c
11. d
12. b
Q 10.2 Give short answers.
1. Define heat.
Answer: Heat is a form of energy that moves from a substance with a higher
temperature to a substance with a lower temperature.
2. Name three modes of heat transfer.
Answer: Heat transfer occurs by all three methods: conduction, convection,
and radiation.
3. Which two temperatures are the base of Celsius and Fahrenheit
temperature scales?
Answer: The two temperatures that are the base of the Celsius and Fahrenheit
temperature scales are the freezing and boiling points of water
4. Give five examples of good conductors of heat.
Answer: Iron, copper, silver and aluminium metals are the examples of good
conductors of heat.
5. Give five examples of bad conductors of heat.
Answer: Wood, rubber and glass, etc., are the examples of bad conductors of
heat.
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Q 10.3 Give answers in detail.
1. How are expansion and contraction useful in thermometers?
Thermometers use thermal expansion and contraction to measure
temperature:
Expansion: When the temperature increases, the liquid in the
thermometer expands and rises up the tube. This is because the atoms in
the liquid gain energy and move further apart.
Contraction: When the temperature decreases, the liquid in the
thermometer contracts and falls down the tube. This is because the
atoms in the liquid move closer together and take up less space.
2. Explain why hot air balloons rise up.
Hot air balloon rises up because hot air is lighter than cold air. Hot air is
less dense than cold air. When the air inside the balloon is heated, it
becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which causes it to rise.
3. What does amongst the solid, liquid or gas expand fast and why?
Gases expand the most when heated because they have weaker
intermolecular forces and higher kinetic energy than solids and liquids:
o Explanation
o When heated, the molecules in a gas move faster and spread out,
increasing the volume of the gas. The strength of the forces
between particles and the amount of kinetic energy they have
determine how solids, liquids, and gases behave when heated
4. Expansion and contraction can be helpful in many areas of life.
Explain.
Expansion and contraction are useful in many areas of life because they
can be used to design products and structures to account for temperature
changes:
Railroad tracks: Gaps are left between the rails to allow for expansion in
hot weather.
Bridges: Gaps are left between the girders and abutment to allow for
expansion.
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Telephone lines: Loops are incorporated into the design to allow for
expansion and contraction
5. What do you mean by kinetic energy of particles?
Particles in all the three states of matter are always in a state of motion.
The energy due to the motion of particles is called kinetic energy. It is also
known as thermal energy. Heat is the measure of thermal energy of all the
particles of a substance.
6. Substances do not expand or contract at the same rate. Why?
Substances do not expand or contract at the same rate because different
materials have different atomic and molecular structures. Thermal
expansion is the process by which a material expands or contracts in
response to changes in temperature.
7. Describe the uses of expansion and contraction of liquids.
The expansion and contraction of liquids is used in a variety of ways,
including:
Thermometers
Liquids like mercury and alcohol expand and contract in thermometers
to measure temperature. The volume of the liquid at a given temperature
is how the temperature is read.
Expansion joints
Expansion joints are found on large bridges and allow the bridge to
expand and contract without cracking or deforming. The joints look like
two metal combs with interlocking teeth and small gaps between them.