Engineering Data Analysis

Activity 2. Normal Distribution

Name: NOR JHON BRUZON Score: ______________________

B. Given the normal values, find the area under the normal curve corresponding to standard normal values. (5pts
each)

Normal Standard Normal Values Areas under

Values Normal Curve
(Use the standard
normal curve
above)
1. x >8 PROBLEM 1:
μ=8
σ =4 x >8
x−μ
μ=8 z = ¿ P(z >0)¿ z=0.5
σ
¿ Z = 0.5

s2. Problem 2:
92 ≤ x ≤ 96
μ=90 92≤ x ≤ 96
σ =2 μ=90
θ=2
x=92
x=96 = 0.1573
92−90 Areas under the Standard Normal
z= =1 P(1⩽ 2 ⩽ 3) Standard values
2 Curve
96−90 1. −2< z <1
z= =3
2
P(1 ≤ 2≤ 5) P( z<1)=0.8413
P( 2< 3)≈ 0.998 P (z←2)=0.0228
¿ Area =0.84173−0.0228
¿ 0.2939

B. Given the table of standard normal values, find the

2. −1.53< z ≤ 0 P(z <0)=0.5000
area of the following. (1pt each)
P( z←1.53)=0.0630
Area =0.5000−0.0630
¿ 0.2123

3. −2.61< z <1.65 P(z <1.65)=0.9505

P( z←2.61)=0.0045
Area =0.9505−0.0045
¿ 0.3264

4. z <2 P(z <2)=0.9772

Area =0.9772
¿ 0.3304

5. z >1.65
C. Find the value/s of z that corresponds to the area under the normal curve. (The given area starts form the tails of
the curve). (1pt each)

Left-Tailed Right-Tailed Two-Tailed

II. Area = 5% or 0.05
1. 2. 3.

Z=−1.645 Z=1.645Z = 1.645Z=1.645 Z=±1.96

III. Area = 1% or 0.01

4. 5. 6.

Z=−2.33 Z=2.33 Z=±2.576

D. Convert the normal values to standard normal values (z-values) and vice versa by completing the table. (2pts each)

Normal Values Solution Standard Normal Values

1. x=27.5 Given: μ=22; σ =2.5 1. z=2.2

2. x=50 Given: μ=46 ; σ =8 2. z=0.5

E. Given the following problems below, solve it in a systematic manner using Explore-Plan-Solve-Interpret Method.

Scoring System

Areas Description Scoring Points

Explore Tell us what you understand in the problem. 3 – Excellent
2 – Good
Plan Tell us how will you answer the problem: what to answer and what formulas will you use.
1- Needs Improvement
Solve Show us your solution.
 Interpret Given the result, what is its implication to the problem.

1. On the first periodic exam in Practical Research 1, the population mean was 75 and the population standard deviation was 11.
Determine the standard score of a student who received a score of 97 assuming that the scores are normally distributed.

Explore Plan
 Mean ⁡(μ)=75 X−μ
Z=
σ
 Standard deviation (σ )=11
 Student's score (X )=97 where:

 X is the raw score (97),

 μ is the mean (75),
 σ is the standard deviation (11).

Solve Interpret
97−75 A Z-score of 2 means that the student’s score is 2 standard
Z= deviations above the mean. This indicates that the student
11
performed significantly better than the average, as their
22
Z= =2 score is higher than most of the students in the
11 distribution.

The student's Z -score is 2.

2. Dina scored 90 in a Math test and 80 in a Physics test. Scores in the Math test have a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 10.
Scores in the Physics test have a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 8. In which subject was her standing better assuming that
the scores in her Math and Physics class are normally distributed.

Explore Plan
 Math Score: 90 X−μ
Z=
σ
 Math Mean ( μMath ) :80
 Math Standard Deviation ( σ Math ): 10 where:

 Physics Score: 80  X =¿ Dina's score

 Physics Mean ( μPhysics ): 70  μ=¿ Mean score of the subject
 Physics Standard Deviation ( σ Physics ): 8  σ =¿ Standard deviation of the subject
A higher Z-score indicates better relative standing.

Solve Interpret
Dina's Z-score in Math is 1.0, while her Z-score in Physics is
Math Z-score 1.25.
Since 1.25 is greater than 1.0, Dina performed better
90−80 10 relative to her classmates in Physics than in Math, even
Z Math = = =1.0 though her raw score in Math was higher.
10 10
 Physics Z-score

80−70 10
Z Physics = = =1.25
8 8

3. Professor Fontanilla is grading a test. The students’ results, out of 100 points, are listed as follows: 35, 40, 36, 24, 54, 22, 45, 41,
23, 47. Most students did not get as much as 50 out of 100, and everyone will fail if the scores will be left as is. The test must have
been difficult for the students, so Professor Fontanilla decided to standardize all the scores and fail only those students whose
scores are one standard deviation below the mean. Find the number of students who failed in the said examination.
Explore Plan
35,40,36,24,54,22,45,41,23,47
μ=
∑ X
N

σ =√ ∑ ¿¿ ¿

Solve Interpret
35+ 40+36+24 +54+ 22+ 45+ 41+ 23+47 Students who scored below 26.35 are considered failing.
μ= Looking at the given scores:
10
 24, 22, and 23 are below 26.35.
367
μ= −36.7 Thus, 3 students failed the exam.
10

Now, we calculate the standard deviation:

1 Compute each squared deviation:

¿

2.89+10.89+ 0.49+ 161.29+299.29+216.09+68.89+18.49+ 187.69+106.09−1071.1

1071.1
−107.11
10

σ −√ 107.11≈ 10.35

Failing Score −36.7−10.35−26.35

4. Final exams are typically approximately normally distributed with a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 15. Your teacher
says that the top 10% of the class will receive a grade of 95; the next 20%, 90; the next 35%, 88; the next 30%, 85; and the bottom
5%, 80. What average must you exceed to obtain 95?
Explore Plan
 The final exam scores follow a normal 1 Use the cumulative distribution function (CDF)
distribution: of the normal distribution.
 Mean (μ)=70 2 Find the z -score that corresponds to the 90 th
percentile (top 10 % cutoff).
 Standard deviation (σ )=15
3 Convert the z -score to the actual score using
 The teacher states that the top 10 % of the the formula:
class receives a grade of 95 or higher.
X =μ+ z ⋅ σ
 The task is to find the score threshold (z-
score) that corresponds to the top 10 % of where X is the score, z is the z -score, μ is the mean,
the normal distribution and convert it to the and σ is the standard deviation.
actual score using the given mean and
standard deviation.

Solve Interpret
To be in the top 10% of the class and receive a grade of 95,
1 Look up the z -score for the 90 th percentile you must achieve a score of at least 89.2 on the exam.
(P=0.9) in a z -table or calculate it using
statistical software. The z -score is
approximately 1.28 .
2 Use the formula:
X=70+(1.28 ⋅15)
X =70+19.2=89.2

F. Identify the following normal curves as to what cases it illustrates.

Cases Descriptions Cases Descriptions

1 between 0 to any value of z 5 to the right of any z value, where z is less than
the mean.
2 between two z values on the same side of the mean 6 in any tail
3 between two z values on opposite side of the mean 7 any two tail
4 to the left of any z value, where z is greater than the
mean.

Cases Illustration Procedure to find the area

Find area from 0 to given z using z-table.

 Find area between two z-values on the same
side using z-table.

Find the area between the two z-values using

symmetry.

Find the cumulative probability from the left of

z.

Find 1 - cumulative probability of z.

Find area in one tail using z-table.

Find the area in both tails using z-table,

subtracting middle portion.

G. Finding probabilities using standard normal table.

The normal distribution is a probability distribution. As with any probability distribution, the percentage of the area that
falls under the curve between two points on a probability distribution plot indicates the PROBABILITY that a value will fall within
that interval.
P(a< z< b) Solution P(a< z< b) Solution

P(z <2.32)=0.9898 .
z=0 (which is P(z ←1.95)=0.0256 .
P(z <0)=0.5 ): P(z >−1.95)=1−P (z ←1.95)
P ( z>−1.95 )
P ( 0< z <2.32 ) =¿ ¿ P(0< z< 2.32)=P (z< 2.32)−P (z< 0)=0.9898−0.5=0.4898
Answer: P(z >−1.95)=0.9744 .
¿ ¿

Answer: P(0< z< 2.32)=0.4898.

P(z <1.65)=¿ ¿ P¿
¿¿
P(z <1.65)=0.9505 . P(z ←2.51)=0.0060 , P(z ←2.
.
Answer: P(z <1.65)=0.9505 P(−2.65< z←2.51)=P(z ←2.
Answer:
P(−2.65< z←2.51)=0.0020 .
H. Finding percentiles using standard normal table. Determine the percentile rank of the given value of x.

A percentile is a value in the distribution where a specified percentage of the population falls below it. A percentile rank K means
that there are K% of the distribution are below it.
How many
Normal Values Solution percent are Percentile Rank
below x?
98.61 % 98.61
th

 Given: x=27.5 , μ=22 , σ =2.5

x=27.5
Solution:
Given:
μ=22 x−μ 27.5−22
z= = =2.2
σ =2.5 σ 2.5

z=2.2 is 0.9861 .

21.19 % 21.19
th

x=98  Given: x=98 , μ=102, σ =5

Given: Solution:
μ=102
σ =5 x−μ 98−102
z= = =−0.8
σ 5

z=−0.8 is 0.2119 .

 Given: x=46 , μ=46 , σ=8

Solution:

Given: x−μ 46−46

z= = =0
μ=46 σ 8 50 % 50th
σ =8

z=0 is 0.5 (or 50 % )

x=μ+(z ⋅ σ)

Substitute the values:

Given:
μ=252
x=252+(1.96 ⋅26) 97.5% 97.5th
σ =26
x=252+50.96
x=302.96

D. Solve the following based on the steps provided.

1. On the first periodic exam in Practical Research 1, the population mean was 75 and the population standard deviation was
11. Determine how many students out of 50 scored at least 97 assuming that the scores are normally distributed. (5 pts)
Step 1. Draw the normal curve and represent the area. Step 2. Find the z.
X−μ
z=
σ

Substitute the values:

97−75 22
z= = =2.0
11 11

Step 3. Find area under the normal curve. Step 4. Interpret the result.
Z= 2.0  Multiply the proportion by the total number of
P(z ←2. 0)=¿0.9772 students (50): 0.0228×50=1.140.0228 \times 50 =
We now have 2.28% students that are expected to score 97 1.140.0228×50=1.14 Round to the nearest whole
or higher number: 1 student. Thus, 1 student out of 50 scored
at least 97 on the exam.