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Digital Financial Inclusion Insights

Module III discusses the significance of information as a resource and commodity, emphasizing its characteristics, economic value, and the importance of intellectual property and data privacy in the Philippines. It covers the pros and cons of information in cyberspace, including online security and privacy threats. The module aims to equip learners with the ability to distinguish between physical and conceptual resources, understand valuable information, and familiarize themselves with relevant laws.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
25 views9 pages

Digital Financial Inclusion Insights

Module III discusses the significance of information as a resource and commodity, emphasizing its characteristics, economic value, and the importance of intellectual property and data privacy in the Philippines. It covers the pros and cons of information in cyberspace, including online security and privacy threats. The module aims to equip learners with the ability to distinguish between physical and conceptual resources, understand valuable information, and familiarize themselves with relevant laws.
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MODULE III

INFORMATION AS A RESOURCE
WITH CONTROL AND PRIVACY

Lesson 1 Information as Resource


and Commodity
Lesson 2 Online Security, Privacy
Threats and Practices
Lesson 3 Intellectual Property
Code of the Philippines
and Data Privacy of
2012

Module III
42

MODULE III
INFORMATION AS RESOURCE WITH CONTROL AND PRIVACY

INTRODUCTION

This module presents the physical, conceptual and information resources


that an organization need in order to operate. You will gain awareness of the
pros and cons in the internet world. It also talks about the importance of
Intellectual Property rights and Data Privacy of the Philippines.

OBJECTIVES

After studying the module, you should be able to:

1. Distinguish a physical resource from a conceptual resource;


2. Understand the economic value of an information;
3. Familiarize yourself with the threats and privacy in the cyberspace.
4. Explain the major points of the revised Intellectual Property Code of
the Philippines (Republic Act No. 10372) and Data Privacy (Republic
Act No. 10173)

DIRECTIONS/ MODULE ORGANIZER


There are three lessons in the module. Read each lesson carefully then
answer the activities. For instructions about submission, you will be guided by
your instructor.

In case you encounter any difficulty, discuss this with your instructor. Do
not hesitate to contact your instructor for any concerns and problems regarding
your lessons.

Module III INFORMATION AS RESOURCE WITH CONTROL AND PRIVACY


43

Lesson 1

Information as Resource and


Commodity

Information is now available so quickly, ubiquitously, and inexpensively.


In this lesson you will be: familiarized in information resources; able to identify
the characteristics of valuable information; able to distinguish a physical
resource from a conceptual resource; able to understand the concept of
information as a commodity.

What is Information as a Resource?


In one of our previous lessons, we learned about information. We also
discussed how information spreads through information technology as the
medium. Information is a resource, whether intangible or tangible. Unlike other
organizational resources, information is considered:

➢ Expandable
Information can be expanded without compromising its integrity. In
fact, by having additional information, much more can be understood from
it. As we have learned before, information can act as data for a larger
information. As information grows, its potential in solving problems and
helping in decision making also increases.

➢ Compressible
Although expanded information can give a more detailed explanation,
it may not always be needed. An example of this is in news sites. Though a
lot of details can come from an event, news sites will highlight only the
important details to give the reader or audience the overall view. In digital
format, data are also compressed to be compatible with other resources. For
example, videos are compressed in different format to be played on different
platforms. High definition videos are compressed into lower resolution which
can be played back on devices with lower specifications.

➢ Transportable
Information, especially digital information, is easily transportable.
With the use of the internet and various technologies, information can be
sent through but not limited to any of the following:
1. Send via email
2. Share via Facebook
3. Copy onto a flash drive
4. Upload on Youtube

Module III INFORMATION AS RESOURCE WITH CONTROL AND PRIVACY


44

➢ Diffusive
Gossip or rumors tend to spread easily. The same applies to any kind
of information- be it true or not. Information is now more diffusive today than
ever before because of the fast delivery of information, usually in the social
media. Unfortunately, there are lots of unsolicited information that we
consume in the virtual world. With this characteristic of information, we can
tell that it can easily be duplicated or reproduced, especially in the digital
format where we can create copies of it in an instant.

➢ Sharable
Since information can be easily spread, it is considered sharable as
well. Information can be kept calling it a secret, however, once a person
decides to tell it to someone, then he or she will no longer have control over
it.

Information is not all different from other resources. Similar to how


physical resources are managed, information is considered valuable and also has
a life cycle. It begins with transforming raw materials into finished product, that
is processing data to come up with valuable information as we have learned in
one of the previous lessons.

Valuable Information
Let us say your professor assigns you to research about security in the
virtual world. You plan to look for information online through search engines
such as Google. How can you tell if the information you get is useful, or in this
case, valuable for your research?
Information is said to be valuable if it has the following characteristics
(Stair & Reynolds, 2016).

Accurate
Accurate information is error-free. In some cases, inaccurate information
is generated because inaccurate data was processed. Analysts call this as
“garbage-in-garage-out.” By typing “parts of a computer” in search bar, Google
gives you a list of several websites which contain the information you are looking
for. However, how do you determine which are accurate and which are
inaccurate? Usually, it is better to trust sites that are formal in nature rather
than informal ones such as blogs or forums. Although, it’s not always the case.

Formal Information vs. Informal Information


Formal Information Informal Information
It is official and authoritative. It is more casual, and less authoritative.
It is meant to be taken seriously and is
It is presented in a less formal manner.
presented in a formal manner.

Module III INFORMATION AS RESOURCE WITH CONTROL AND PRIVACY


45

It is usually more carefully prepared


and verified than informal
It is possibly less reliable.
information, and its accuracy and
reliability should also be higher

A way to identify a formal information is by looking at your source. The


authority of the source in a subject matter must be evaluated. For example, you
want to know the details of a pandemic disease. You do not stay on websites
such as blogs or forums for its details. You turn to a website which has authority
on this subject matter. In this case you will visit websites such as the World
Health Organization’s or the Department of Health’s official website/social
media.

Timely
The accuracy of information changes over time. What is true today may
not be true tomorrow. Information must then be timely, which means that it
must be kept updated. The value of information changes overtime.

Complete
Complete information contains all the important facts. This is especially
important in the field of medicine. Missing information could spell disaster, or
worse, lead to death.

Economical
Information should be relatively economical to produce. There must be a
balance between the value of information and the cost of producing it. With the
spread of the internet, information dissemination has become easier, faster, and
a lot cheaper. However, is the price worth it for the integrity of the information?

Reliable
Reliable information can be depended on. In many cases, the reliability
of information depends on the validity of the data collection method or the
source of the data. This goes hand in hand with the accuracy of data.

Secured
The integrity of your information must be kept safe from unwanted
access. Most of us today have already put various information online that carry
our identity, actions, relations, and/or privacy. Your credentials and important
data must be securely kept.

Information Economics

Economics defined as the study of how society uses its limited resources. A social
science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods
and services.

Module III INFORMATION AS RESOURCE WITH CONTROL AND PRIVACY


46

Information or information system has the power to affect economy and


economic decisions. It has an economic value because of its potency in
influencing decisions. Economic campaigns and advertisements are driven by
information, and what better way to do it than to use the capabilities of
information technology.

These days, information is being sold as goods which is what we call information
goods. Examples of digital information sold are movies, music, audiobooks, e-
books, online courses, and more. Buying and selling information is not the same
as buying and selling other goods. Since information is unlimited in its nature,
there is no marginal cost in producing these goods, which means that the cost
doesn’t increase as you produce more of the same information. Well, the reason
is that you can easily duplicate information by just copy-and-pasting it. This also
implies that it is non-rivalrous, which means that there is no rivalry in
consumption. Unlike other goods which people tend to hoard when it’s in
demand, information is not. For example, during the pandemic rubbing alcohol
was heavily hoarded in the Philippines and there was rivalry between consumers.
But with information, you only need to copy and paste it. Information do not get
exhausted.

Organizations and businesses use various strategies to get customers to purchase


information before they know what they are getting. These strategies include
browsing previews, branding and reputation.

1. Browsing previews
An example of this strategy is movie trailers. Movie trailers that
normally run from 1 to 3 minutes gives viewers a glimpse of what the film
is all about. For e-books, the first few pages of it is available for browsing.
For music, a snippet of it can be played.

2. Branding
Big names sure as Microsoft and Apple have no issues when it comes
to launching new products as people have already established their trust
on these brands. The popularity of a brand name can ignite the potential
customers desire to buy the products.

3. Reputation
When a movie is announced, people would often be
skeptical if it would be good enough. However, the reputation of
directors and casts of actors and actresses normally remove this
skepticism. The common opinion that people have about someone or
something; the way in which people think of someone or something.

Module III INFORMATION AS RESOURCE WITH CONTROL AND PRIVACY


47

Information Overload

Information is produced at rapidly-increasing rates due to the following


reasons:
1. Easy duplication and transmission of information.
2. Increase in communication methods.
3. Growth archives of historical information (old files or information
were never deleted)

Where do these information come from?


According to 2020 Global Digital Suite of reports from We Are Social and
Hootsuite:
✓ More than half of the world now uses the internet. Qatar and U.A.E are
top in the internet penetration ranking with 99% of their total population
are using the internet
✓ For 3 years in a row, Filipinos have been spending the greatest amount of
time on social media with an average of four hours a day.
✓ More than 2/3 of the world’s population now has a mobile phone, with
most people now using smartphones.
✓ More than half of the world’s web traffic now comes from mobile phones
✓ More than 60% of all mobile connections around the world are now
broadband.
✓ More than one in five of the world’s population shopped online in the past
30 days.

Mobile Social Media and Mobile Commerce

New scenarios in Communication:


• Mobile Social Media is accessing of social networking sites using mobile
device, such as Facebook and Snapchat, using a mobile device.

Module III INFORMATION AS RESOURCE WITH CONTROL AND PRIVACY


48

• Mobile Commerce / M-Commerce is the delivery of electronic commerce


capabilities directly into the consumer’s hand, anywhere, via wireless
technology. With mobile devices, data are transmitted and received much
faster, without compromising security and scalability.

Industries that are now embracing m-commerce include:

1. Financial Services- banks have


introduced online banking a few
years back. However, nowadays,
majority of bank transactions
such as money transfers, bills
payment, and even stock
portfolios and stocks
transactions can now be done
using the bank’s mobile app.
Some examples are Gcash, PayMaya, PayPal, etc.

2. Mobile Ticketing- as payments can be done online, receipts of


transactions can also be sent on mobile devices. Airline companies
encourage their customers to book their flights online, after which,
their booking reservation is sent via email or through their mobile
app.

3. Service/ Retail- as consumers


are now able to place and pay
for orders using their mobile
devices, the e-commerce trend
has shifted from desktop
computers to mobile devices.
Lazada and Shopee as mobile
apps are examples.

4. Information Services- these


include the delivery of news,
stocks quotes, sports figures,
emergency reports, device.
Things that get you notified or
informed through your mobile devices are examples.

Module III INFORMATION AS RESOURCE WITH CONTROL AND PRIVACY


49

Learning Activity

Choose only one of the following (A or B) to answer.

A. Identify a game you are familiar with and have played frequently online
or on your mobile phone.
• Explain briefly the mechanics of the game and the reasons why you
like playing this game.
• List the game items that players can buy to either improve their
gaming skills or upgrade their avatars.
• Identify the items that need virtual money and those that require real
money.

B. Identify a mobile financial service that you or anyone in your


relative/household are using.
• Identify and explain at least three features of the financial service
you are using.
• Also, identify and explain how to place monetary value in that
financial service. Also known as “cash in”.
• Lastly, identify the currencies that are used in the application,
including any consumables such as points or promos.

Module III INFORMATION AS RESOURCE WITH CONTROL AND PRIVACY

Common questions

Powered by AI

Valuable information is characterized by accuracy, timeliness, completeness, economy, reliability, and security . These attributes ensure that information maintains integrity, is updated, encompasses all necessary details, is cost-effective to produce and consume, is consistent and trustworthy, and remains protected from unauthorized access. These characteristics contribute to information being a resource because they underscore its capability to enhance decision-making and problem-solving . As a commodity, these traits make information desirable and tradable, similar to other goods, especially because information can be duplicated and distributed economically .

The increasing use of mobile phones and the internet is significantly transforming methods of information dissemination and consumption by enabling faster and more accessible communication channels worldwide . Mobile devices facilitate the instantaneous sharing and receipt of information through social media, email, and other platforms, enhancing global connectivity . This shift has led to the widespread use of social media for news and information consumption, making it easier for users to engage with content anytime, regardless of location . Consequently, there's a growing dependency on mobile-friendly platforms and content that cater to mobile users' preferences, including concise formats and interactive features designed for smaller screens . This trend also accelerates information cycles, demanding real-time updates and immediate access to relevant data in professional and personal contexts .

Information security practices are fundamentally linked to the effective management of digital resources in organizations because they safeguard against unauthorized access and data breaches, ensuring information integrity and confidentiality . Implementing strong security protocols, such as encryption, access control, and regular audits, protects organizational resources from external threats and regulatory violations . These practices create a secure environment enabling secure communication, preserve trust in digital transactions, and ensure compliance with legal standards such as data privacy laws . Effective management is contingent upon security measures that prevent data loss and maintain the availability of critical information, which in turn supports strategic decision-making and operational efficiency .

Mobile commerce has revolutionized consumer behavior by facilitating transactions that are secure, real-time, and convenient. Mobile devices allow consumers to conduct financial transactions, receive ticketing, and access various services on-the-go, enhancing user convenience . Security enhancements, like encryption and biometric authentication, ensure that transactions remain protected even in a mobile environment, increasing consumer trust in digital transactions . This convenience, combined with enhanced security, has led to significant shifts in consumer purchasing patterns, moving from desktop to mobile and enabling impulsive buying decisions facilitated by constant connectivity . By providing reliable and efficient service, mobile commerce has made digital interaction a central part of consumer activities .

Companies use strategies like offering browsing previews, building strong brands, and leveraging the reputation of creators or platforms to encourage the purchase of information goods . Browsing previews, such as movie trailers or sample pages of e-books, provide potential consumers with a glimpse of the content, leveraging curiosity and informed choice without the cost of full access . A well-established brand or a reputable creator additionally offers assurance on quality, building consumer trust and willingness to purchase . These strategies rely on the non-rivalrous and duplicable nature of digital information, focusing on added value and trust rather than restricted access .

The non-rivalrous and easily duplicable nature of information significantly impacts economic practices by facilitating the low-cost reproduction and distribution of digital goods without depletion . This means there's no marginal cost increase with additional copies, enabling widespread access without diminishing availability . These attributes allow for innovative marketing strategies such as previews and reputation building to incentivize purchases before consumers fully experience the product . They also challenge traditional concepts of scarcity and ownership, reshaping market dynamics and pricing structures . As a result, businesses focus more on the value added through branding and reliable delivery rather than limiting access to the information itself .

Information overload can overwhelm individuals and organizations by inundating them with excessive and often unfiltered data, making it difficult to discern relevant from irrelevant information . This challenge complicates data management, decision-making, and focusing on actionable insights, leading to decreased productivity and potential decision fatigue . Organizations must implement sophisticated filtering systems, prioritization protocols, and effective data sorting mechanisms to manage this overload efficiently . Training on digital literacy and prioritization techniques empower individuals to deal with excessive data and use it strategically, thereby avoiding lost time, resources, and potential decision errors .

The diffusion characteristic of information presents challenges in maintaining data privacy because information spreads easily and uncontrollably, making unauthorized access and data breaches more likely . Once information is shared, control over it is lost, increasing vulnerability to leaks and privacy violations. This necessitates robust security measures and privacy policies to manage information flow and access controls . Conversely, the spreadability offers opportunities by enabling effective communication and information sharing across platforms and geographical boundaries, fostering enhanced collaboration and accessibility when managed properly . It highlights the importance of balancing openness with stringent privacy protocols to maximize benefits while minimizing risks .

The mobility of information enhances organizational productivity by ensuring timely access to necessary data, facilitating real-time decision-making and collaboration across dispersed teams . Since information, especially digital, is easily transportable, it can be accessed anywhere, anytime, which accelerates work processes, optimizes resource use, and supports adaptive decision-making . Organizations benefit from improved communication, both internally and externally, as employees can coordinate and update data whilst on-the-go, leading to more agile and efficient operations . This characteristic directly addresses common business needs for speed, connectivity, and the ability to operate in dynamic environments .

In the Information Age, intellectual property rights are crucial for protecting creators' works in an environment where digital content can be easily duplicated and distributed . As digital expansion amplifies the accessibility and diffusion of content, these rights ensure that creators maintain control over how their works are used, distributed, and monetized . This legal framework supports innovation by providing a mechanism to secure economic benefits for creators while determining lawful use and transfer of digital content . It also addresses challenges posed by piracy, emphasizing the importance of digital rights management technologies and international cooperation to uphold IP laws effectively in a borderless digital world .

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