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Why is it important to learn the number of people residing in a particular

country?
Population count is essential to other elements which are observed
relatively to the data presented by population count.
The number of people, their distribution and growth provide the basic
background to planning and understanding.
Human beings are the producers and consumers of earth's
resources. Thus, an understanding of our own population helps us in
resource planning and appreciating the environment.
India's Population: Size and Distribution
India's population
As of March of 2011, India's population stood at 1,210.6
million, which accounts for 17.6% of the world's population.
India has an area of 3.28 million square kilometers which
accounts for 2.4% of the world's area.
Most populated state → Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh has a population of 199 million
Uttar Pradesh accounts for → 16% of the country's
population
Sikkim has a population of → 0.6 million.
Lakshadweep has a population of only 64,429
Almost half of India's population resides in five states ↓
Uttar Pradesh
Maharashtra
West Bengal
 Bihar
Andhra Pradesh
Rajasthan is the biggest state in terms of area but has only
5.5% of India's population

Population Distribution by density

Population density → The number of persons per unit area
The population of India in 2011 was 382 persons per sq km.
The state with the highest population density is Bihar with
1102 persons per sq km
The state with the lowest population density is Arunachal
Pradesh with 17 persons per sq km.
Factors impacting population density
Low population density areas
Low density areas are states with less than 250
persons per sq km.
Rugged terrain and unfavorable climate are primarily
responsible for low density areas
Moderate population density areas
Assam and most peninsular states have moderate
population densities
Hilly, dissected and rocky nature of terrain or moderate to
low rainfall have impacted their population densities.
High population density areas
The Northern Plains and Kerala have high to very high
population densities.
This is primarily influenced by abundant resources, fertile
soil and flat plain land
Population Change
Population change refers → to the change in the number of
persons residing in a given geographic area during a specific
time period.
There are two ways of expressing population
change → Absolute change and percentage
Absolute change
Absolute change refers to → the definite numeral value
that indicates the actual change in the number of persons
residing in a geographic area during a given time period.
Absolute change is obtained by subtracting the previous
observation/earlier value from the new observation/new
value
Percentage of change
The rate of population change of the number of persons
residing in a given geographic area during a specific time
period.
It is studied in per cent per annum.
Percentage of population change is referred to as → the
Annual Growth Rate
Factors impacting population change
Birth Rate
Birth rate refers to the → number of live births per
thousand persons per year
In India, birth rates have always been higher than death
rates
Death Rate
Death rate refers to → the number of deaths per
thousand persons per year
In India, the rate of growth has also been impacted by the
fact that there has been a rapid decline in death rates.
Migration
Migration is defined as → the movement of persons
across regions and territories.
Migration is of two types
Internal Migration
 Internal migration is the movement of people
within a country
Internal migration does not impact the population
of a country but impacts the population
distribution
International Migration
International migration → is the movement of
people between countries
International migration does impact the
population(s) of a country(s)
In India;
Push
The push effect refers to the ↓
A detrimental factors that drive people away from
rural regions to urban areas
B factors that attract people from rural regions to
urban areas
Pull
The pull effect refers to the ↓
A detrimental factors that drive people away from
rural regions to urban areas
B socio-economic factors that attract people from
rural regions to urban areas.
Migration is an important determinant of not only
population change but also of population distribution and
population composition.
In India, the push and pull effects have caused a steady
rise in the rural-urban migration.
Adolescent population
Adolescents constitute one-fifth of the Indian population.
Adolescents refers to the → people in the age group of 10 to
19 years
 Adolescents are considered the most important resource for the
future
Nutrition
Nutrition requirements in adolescents are generally higher than
those of a normal child or an adult.
Poor nutrition can lead to deficiency and stunted growth in
adolescents
In India, the diet available to adolescents is inadequate in all
nutrients.
A large number of adolescent girls suffer from anemia
The adolescent girls have to be sensitized to the problems they
confront and awareness among them can be improved through
the spread of literacy and education.
National Population Policy
The National Population Policy(NPP), 2000 is a culmination of
years of planned efforts.
NPP 2000 ↔ India's National Population Policy from 2000
that provides framework for population control and welfare
measures
What is the education goal of this policy? → Free and
compulsory school education till age 14
What is the target infant mortality rate? → Below 30 per
1000 live births
What health objective does it aim for regarding diseases?
→ Universal immunization against all vaccine preventable
diseases
What social change does it promote regarding marriage?
→ Delayed marriages for girls
How does it characterize the approach to family planning?
→ As a people centered programme