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Classroom Practice on Riveted Connections

The document contains practice questions and solutions related to steel structures, specifically focusing on riveted and bolted connections, as well as welded and eccentric connections. It provides detailed calculations for shear and bearing stresses, design strengths, and the number of rivets or bolts required for various scenarios. The content is structured in a classroom format, aimed at helping students understand the principles of steel structure design.

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Sacchu K
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10 views15 pages

Classroom Practice on Riveted Connections

The document contains practice questions and solutions related to steel structures, specifically focusing on riveted and bolted connections, as well as welded and eccentric connections. It provides detailed calculations for shear and bearing stresses, design strengths, and the number of rivets or bolts required for various scenarios. The content is structured in a classroom format, aimed at helping students understand the principles of steel structure design.

Uploaded by

Sacchu K
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Steel Structures

Solutions for Volume : I Classroom Practice Questions

Nominal dia of rivet () = 16 mm


Chapter- 2
For field Rivets permissible shear stress in
Riveted Connections
Rivet .
vf = 90 MPa
Class Room Practice Questions
Bearing stress in Rivet pf = 270 MPa
Rivet value
01. Ans: 60% Rv = lesser of Ps & Pb
pd  = 16 mm (  25 mm)
Sol:    100
p
d =  + 1.5 = 17.5 mm
pmin = 2.5

d =  + 1.5 Ps  2  (d) 2   vf
4
2.5  
  100 
2.5  2   (17.5) 2  90
4
1.5
  100 Ps = 43.29  103 N
2.5
 = 60% = 43.29 kN
Bearing strength of one rivet
02. Ans: (c) Pb = d  t  pf
= 17.5  12  270
05. Ans: (43.29) Pb = 56.7 kN
Sol:
Rv = lesser of Ps & Pb

P/2 8 mm  Rv = 43.29 kN

12 mm P t (MP) = 12 mm
P/2 8 mm t (cp + cp) = 8 + 8 = 16 mm

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:2: CIVIL - Postal Coaching Solutions

06. Ans: (d) f ub


Vd sb  (n n A nb  n s A sb )
P 200 3 mb
Sol: No. of rivets n   5
Pr (or )R v 40 nn (or) ns
 =32=6
Ps  2  (d) 2   vf  80 kN
4
06. Ans: (b)

Ps  d 2   vf  40 kN Sol: P = 240 kN; Vdsb = 40 kN; Vdpb = 50 kN;
4
Tdb = 30 kN; Vdb = lesser of Vdsb, Vdpb
Ps = 40 kN, Pb = 60 kN, Ptr = 70 kN
P 200 P 240
n  5 n 
Ps 40 Vdb 40

10. Ans: (d) n = 6 no’s


Sol: Minimum pitch of rivets in compression
zone 07. Ans: (d)
12 t mm 
 whichever is minimum Sol: Tensile force in each bolt due to P4 cos
200 mm
P4 cos  250 4
Tb     33.33 kN
t = 10 mm n 6 5
12t = 12  10 = 120 mm Shear force in each bolt due to P4 sin
=200 mm
P4 sin  250 3
Pitch = 120 mm Vb     25 kN
n 6 5

Design of Simple bolted connection 08. Ans: (d)


Sol:
Class Room Practice Questions
GSYF M16bolt

05. Ans: (d)


NSRF
Sol:

For M16 bolt d = 16 mm


For Grade 4.6; fub = 400 MPa
fyb = 240 MPa
Design tensile strength of bolt Tdb = ?
Tdb is based on Gross section

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:3: Steel Structures

A sb f yb
Tdb1 
 mo 10. Ans: (b)
 Sol: Design strength values
 (16) 2  240
Vdpb = 1,50,000 N
Tdb1  4
1.1 Tdp = 1,80,000 N
3
= 43.86  10 N Tsp = 2,40,000 N
Tbd is based on net section rupture Vdsb = 1,60,000 N
0.9A nb f ub Vdc
Tdb2    100
 mb Tsp
  Vdsp Tdb 
0.9(0.78   (16) 2  400) Vdc is lesser of  
 4
 Vdpb Tdp 
1.25
1,50,000
Tdb2  45  103 N   100 = 62.5%
2,40,000
Tdb is lesser of Tdb1 & Tdb2
 = 62.5%
 Tdb = 43.86 kN

09. Ans: (c)


Sol: Hanger connection looks like this one Chapter- 3
Welded Connections

Class Room Practice Questions

05.
fs
Sol: f s 
3   m 
In hanger connections bolts experience only
m = 1.25 welding in done in slop
tensile stress. Then we clearly taken, Strength of = 1.5 welding is done in ‘field’.
rivet is equal to the design strength of bolt in
tension. 06. Ans: (d)
Pdb  45 kN = Design bolt strength Sol: 80 mm

Number of bolts required = 180 kN/45 kN = 4 no


60 mm

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:4: CIVIL - Postal Coaching Solutions

S = 8 mm, vF = 110 N/mm2 08. Ans: (b)


Working stress method  Sol:
 Ps = Lw  tt  vf
Ps 6 mm
= (80+80+60)  (0.7  8)  110 r
Shaft
= 135 kN

Rigid plate
07. Ans: (a)
Td = P s  r
Sol: Taper 1 in 15
(on both faces) Size of weld (S) = 6 mm
Torque T = 8 kN-m
12 mm 16 mm = 8  106 N-mm
Maximum stress in weld q =?

q S = 6 mm
P 150 mm
P Td T= 8kN-m
Td
Single ‘V’ butt weld 120 mm
Given data:
Permissible tensile stress in the plate Twisting moment capacity of weld
at = 150 MPa d
Td = Ps  r = Ps 
2
What is maximum tension P =?
We can allow Maximum tension load up to d
 L w .t t . q.
2
strength of butt weld
d
= Axial strength of butt weld T  d (ks)q.
2
P = Ts = [Link].tf
120
5 8  10 6    120  (0.7  6)  q 
 150   12  150 2
8
q = 84 N/mm2 ≃ 85 MPa
= 168.78  103N
P = 168.75 kN 09. Ans: (b)
Sol:
S = 10 mm; fy = 250 Mpa = fyw; fu = 410 Mpa;
mw = 1.25 ; P = 270 kN

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:5: Steel Structures

= fyw
 Lw = lj + lj = 2lj
Chapter- 4
f u1 Eccentric Connections
P  Pdw  L w  t t 
3 wm

f u1 Class Room Practice Questions


 270  103  (2   j )  (k  S) 
3 mw
410
 270  10 3  ( 2   j )  (0.7  10)  02. Ans: (a)
3  1.25
Sol:
lj = 101.6 mm
r = Max (1, 3, 4 & 6)  = min (1)
lj ≃ 105 mm Hence critical bolt is Bolt No. 1

10. Ans: 60 03. Ans: (b)


Sol: Throat thickness = 0.7 6 mm Sol:
= 4.2 mm
2 2
Effective length of weld = 100 + 100 +50  Vb   Tb 
= 250 mm       1.0
 Vdb   Tdb 
Permissible stress in the weld = 150 MPa x2 + y2 = r2 (r = 1)
Strength of weld = (4.2250] 150 N It is circle equation
= 115.5 kN
Strength of plate= [ 50  8] 150 N 04. Ans: (c)
= 60 kN
Sol:
Then before the failure of weld joint plate P(e)
P
fails.
The permissible load allowable = 60 kN M
P
+ 

P MR
Fa  Fm 
n r 2

(1) Fa  r (2) Fm  r
(3) Fa < 0.5 Vdb (4) Fm  r

05. Ans:5.99
Sol: Given load P = 10 kN
Eccentricity = 150 mm
Number of rivets =4

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:6: CIVIL - Postal Coaching Solutions

P
Force in rivet 1 due to direct loading =
4
1) P  cause shear force in bolt= P/ 8n.
F1 = 2.5 kN
Force in rivet 1 due to twisting moment 2) M = P  e = P  150
[Link] = 150P kN − mm.
=
Erir
P P
M = P[150] kN-mm Vb = 
n 4
M f
10 cm
F2

I y
5 cm
5 2
90 M
5 2 5 2
f =  y
5  I 
5 cm 5 2 F1 45
M
52
2
Tb = f. A = y.A
I
5 2 cm M = 150 P kN − mm
5 cm 5 2 5
2 120
y=  60mm
5 cm
5 2
2
2
IXX = [ICG + Ag ]4
F2 
10 150  50 = 7.5 kN  d 4 2 d 4
4  50
2 =  A60   4 ( neglected)
 64  64
Resultant force FR  F12  F22  2F1F2 Cos
because it is very smaller than (602) A.
 = 135
FR = 5.99 kN =14400 A mm4
M
Tb =  yA
06. Ans: (c) I
Sol: Design shear stress Vdb = 20 kN 150P 5P
=  60  A 
Design tensile capacity bd = 15 kN 14400 A 8
Interaction formula
150 mm P P 2 2
 Vb   Tb 
      1.0
 Vdb T
  db 
2 2
 P 1   5P 1 
120 mm          1 .0
 4 20   8 15 
2 2
P  P
      1. 0
 80   24 

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:7: Steel Structures

07. Ans : 156.20


Sol: An eccentric load may be replaced by set of Chapter- 5
one direct concentric load (p) and in plane Tension Members
moment (M)
M = p.e Class Room Practice Questions
= (100) (600)
= 6 104 kN-mm 01. Ans: 240
Force in each bolt due to direct concentric Sol: fy = 400 MPa
load (Fa) Permissible tensile stress (at) = 0.6  fy
p 100 = 0.6  400
Fa    20kN
n 5 at = 240 MPa
Force in critical bolt due to moment (Fm)
p.e.r 02. Ans: (d)
=
r2
Sol:
ISA 100  100  10
M.r 6  10  75 2 4
 2 
r 2
4  75 2  0  
6  10 4  75 2
=
4  75 2  2
= 141.42 kN
ISA = 100  100  10
Maximum Resultant force in critical bolt 1 A1 = 775 mm2
and 2 is A2 = 950 mm2

FRmax  Fm2  Fa2  2Fa Fm cos  Anet = A1 + A2K1


3A 1 3  775  2
 1  K1   = 0.709
= 141.42  20
2 2
 2  20  141.42    3A 1  A 2 (3  775  950) 2
 2
K1 = Reduction factor = 0.709
= 156.20 kN
Anet = A1 + A2 × K1
= (2  775) + (2  950)  0.709
08. Ans: 20 kN
Anet = 2899 mm2

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:8: CIVIL - Postal Coaching Solutions

Gross dia (d) =  + 1.5


03. Ans: (c) = 21.5 mm ( = 20 mm)
Sol: Safe tensile strength = (Pt) = Anet  at

d g Anet = A1 + A2K1
P P P
P
A1 = (x  d  t/2) t
Fig. 1 10
P
= (100  21.5  ) 10
Fig. 2 2
Pt  A net   at
= 735 mm2
(at = 0.6 fy is same (1) & (2)
A2 = (y  t/2) t
Pt  Anet
 10 
P( t ) 2  Pt (1 )  100  10
 2
A net ( 2 )  A net (1) = 950 mm2

P2t 3A1 3  735


( B  2d ) t   (B  d) t K1  
4g 3A1  A 2 3  735  950
K1 = 0.70
P2t
Bt  2dt   Bt  dt Anet = A1 + A2K1
4g
2 = 735 + 950  0.70 = 1400 mm2
P t
 dt  dt   dt Pt = Anet  at = 1400  150
4g
Pt = 210 kN
P2t
 dt
4g
06. Ans:  = 180
 P2 > 4gd

04. Ans: (d) 07. Ans: (c)


Sol: Sol:
ISA: 100  100  10 (a)
at = 150 N/mm2
Nominal dia of rivet  = 20 mm
Tracking bolted

Anet = A1+A2k2
P

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:9: Steel Structures

(b) 08. Ans: (c)


Sol: rmin = 200 mm
Slenderness ratio of trial section  limit
 max
 350
rmin
 max  350  rmin
Anet = A1+A2k2
 max  350  6`
 max  2100 mm (or)  7.0 m
lmax = 2.10 m
(c)

C.G Tacking bolted 09. Ans: 40


e = 0, M= 0
Sol: 2  RV = 1.40 T2
= 40%
Anet= Ag Area of rivet hole

(d)

Anet= A1+A2k1
10. Ans: (b)

3A1 5A1
K1  ; K2 
3A1  A 2 5A1  A 2

Pt = Anet  Aat
w(a) = w(b) = w(c) = w(d)
A(c)net > Anet (a) > Anet (b) = Anet (d)
 P(t) c > Pt(a) > Pt(b) = P(t)d

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: 10 : CIVIL - Postal Coaching Solutions

05. Ans: 30.6


Chapter- 6 Sol: Y
Compression Members y

ISA 100  100  10


Class Room Practice Questions
Z Z
01. Ans: 50
Sol: KL = effective length y z

K = effective length constant Y


Symmetric w.r.t yy axis
A = 1903 mm2
 KL 
   200 Izz = Iyy = 177104 mm4
 r 

l

I yy  2 I yy  Az 2 
?
d Gusset plates one at joint member only.
K=1
I I ZZ  2.I zz
Radius of gyration, rmin 
A Imin = IZZ
d 4
4 I ZZ
  2 rmin 
64 d A
d2 d 2  177  10 4
  
16 4 2  1903
KL 1.0
  200 = 30.49 mm ≃ 30.5 mm
rmin d
4
 200 07. Ans: 37.5
 = 50
d 4 Sol: V = 2.5% of factored column load
Service load = 1000 kN
Factored load = 1.51000
= 1500 kN
2.5
V P
100
2.5
  1500 = 37.50 kN
100
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: 11 : Steel Structures

08. Ans: (d)


Sol: Force in lacing member Chapter- 7
V Column Bases & Column Splices
F=
N sin 
37.5 Class Room Practice Questions
=
2  sin 45 0
(∵ N = 2 for single lacing system)
02. Ans: 9
= 26.52 kN
Sol: Bearing strength of concrete is = 0.45 fck
fck = 20 Mpa
09. Ans: (b) = 0.45  20 = 9 N/mm2
Sol:
 03. Ans: (b)
L
2
Sol: We know that allowable bearing strength of
L
factored load (P)
concrete =
area of base slab
Here maximum bearing strength = 0.45 fck
L
 0.707 L 2000  10 3
2  0.45 fck =
650  420
= 0.80 L
 fck = 16.28
 Minimum grade of concrete required
10. Ans: (d)
= M20
Sol:

04. Ans: 26.3

Sol: t s 

2.5w a 2  0.3b 2  mo 
> tf
fy
w = 9.0 N/mm2;

Skin buckling tf = 11.6 mm , bf = 250 mm
D = 300 mm

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: 12 : CIVIL - Postal Coaching Solutions

2.75 w
tC
b fy
a
P
250 mm
B = 450mm

W
LB
 If area, the W then t but here area

300 mm
 same
W
So  constant for all options
L=500mm fy

500  300 tc


a
2 Gusset plate to be provided along full width
a = 100 of base plate cantilever projection is
450  250 available along length of base plate
b=
2 direction
b = 100 600  140
a) c  230 mm
ts 

2.5  9  100 2  0.3  100 2  1.10  2
250 600

= 26.3 mm> tf = 11.6mm c

600
05. Ans: (b) 140

Sol:
400

600  400
b) c =100mm
2 140
L

P
w
L B 600 400

B
c
600mm

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: 13 : Steel Structures

500  140 P 6 Pe
c) c  180 mm Combined stress = 
2 LB BL2
400 mm P  6e 
 1 
c
LB  L

140 mm I BL3  2  BL2 M B


500 mm Z    
y 12  L  6

BL2 L

720 mm 6
 Zero at one end compression at other end.
720  400 P
d) c= = 160 mm
2
720
M
c

500
140

400
2P P  6 Pe 
1
LB LB  L 
06. Ans: (d)
Sol:
P

6Pe
6Pe
fB
fB 6Pe
fB2

M Pe 6Pe
Bending stress =  2

Z BL BL2
6

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: 14 : CIVIL - Postal Coaching Solutions

Chapter- 8 Chapter- 10
Beams Gantry Girders

Class Room Practice Questions


Class Room Practice Questions

08. Ans: 100 01. Ans: (a)


Sol: Ze = 500 cm3, ZP = 650 cm3 Sol:
Laterally unrestrained beam semi compact y
section
Design bending compressive stress fbd = 200
z
MPa
The flexural (or) bending strength y

Md = b .Zp. fbd
Ze Iyy = (Iyy of ISWB + Izz channel)
= .Z p .f bd
ZP
 500  10 3  200  100  10 6 N-mm
Md = 100 kN-m

09. Ans : 669.2


Sol: The design shear capacity of I-section is
A v  f yw
given by (Vd) =
3   mo

D  t w  f yw
(Vd) =
3   mo


500  10.2  250 = 669.20 kN
3  1.1

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Common questions

Powered by AI

The effective length constant (K) directly impacts the slenderness ratio, which is a critical parameter in determining the stability of compression members within steel structures. The slenderness ratio is calculated as KL/r, where 'r' is the radius of gyration. If K is given as a particular value, it scales the effective length, thereby influencing the resulting slenderness ratio. This affects the design considerations concerning buckling and axial load-bearing capacities of members .

In determining the number of bolts required for a hanger connection, the design tensile strength of each bolt must be ascertained. Once the strength, Pdb, of each bolt is established—with the example given as 45 kN—the total tensile load of the system (e.g., 180 kN) is divided by the design tensile strength of one bolt to determine the total number needed. Thus, 180 kN/45 kN results in the need for 4 bolts .

The axial strength of a single V-butt weld is calculated by considering material properties such as yield strength (fyw), ultimate tensile strength (fu), and the appropriate safety factors. The length of the weld (Lw) is denoted as 2lj for symmetric applications. The formula for axial strength takes into account these factors: Lw × twϕfw/γmw. Insert values like γmw (partial safety factor), yielding ultimate axial load capacity. For example, fyw = 250 MPa, fu = 410 MPa, γmw = 1.25, and proper substitution results in effective strength calculation aligning with design criteria .

The maximum tension load in a welded connection is calculated based on the axial strength of a butt weld. The permissible tensile stress in the plate is 150 MPa. For the given dimensions—where size of weld S = 8 mm and the plate width is 150 mm—the maximum tension is calculated by the formula: P = lw × te × σtf. This gives a result of 168.78 kN. This calculation considers the weld length, effective throat thickness, and the axial tensile strength of the weld .

The strength of a rivet in a steel structure is primarily determined by the rivet's shear stress and bearing stress. For field rivets, the permissible shear stress is 90 MPa, and the bearing stress is 270 MPa. The rivet value, which is the lesser of the shear strength (Ps) and bearing strength (Pb), also plays a crucial role in defining the rivet's effective strength. For instance, if Ps is 43.29 kN and Pb is 56.7 kN, the rivet value (Rv) would be 43.29 kN as it is the lesser value .

The effective design tensile strength of an M16 bolt is calculated by considering both the gross and net section areas. For a Grade 4.6 M16 bolt, the ultimate tensile strength (fub) is 400 MPa, and the yield strength (fyb) is 240 MPa. The design tensile strength Tdb is calculated using two equations based on gross section yielding and net section rupture. Tdb1 = 1.1/(π/4 × 16² × fyb) resulting in 43.86 kN; Tdb2 = 1.25/(0.9 × π/4 × 16² × fub) resulting in 45.10 kN. The lesser value, Tdb = 43.86 kN, is used as the design tensile strength .

To determine the reduction factor K1 for calculating the net effective area in an ISA section, assess the gross cross-sectional areas A1 for each leg of the angle, and the deducted area due to holes or notches. Reduction is formulated based on the equation K1 = 3/(A1/A2 +3) where A1 and A2 are areas of respective steel sections. The effective net area is calculated using: Anet = A1 + A2 × K1. This calculation aligns the structure's design with safety and load-bearing standards .

The minimum pitch of rivets in the compression zone is determined based on the given member thickness requirements. The pitch must be greater than either 2.5 times the nominal diameter of the rivet or 12 times the thickness of the thinner plate being joined. In the given example, with a thickness of 10 mm, the calculation results in the required pitch being 120 mm, as it is less than 200 mm, thereby fulfilling the pitch requirement based on member thickness .

The permissible load for a weld is determined by comparing the strength of the weld against that of the plate it joins. The weld strength is calculated using the formula: (throat thickness × effective length of weld × permissible stress). The strength of the plate is calculated as (width × thickness) × permissible tensile stress. The allowable load is the lesser of the two calculated strengths. In the example, the weld strength is 115.5 kN, and the plate strength is 60 kN, determining the plate as the governing factor for allowable load at 60 kN .

The torsional stress in a welding joint is determined by considering the twisting moment capacity Td in relation to the applied torque. For a torque T = 8 kN-m and weld size S = 6 mm, the stress is calculated using the formula: Td = Ps × r, where Ps is the load stress applied over the effective radius r. Using these parameters, the maximum stress in the weld calculates as q = 84 N/mm², which approximates to 85 MPa .

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