College of Engineering and Architecture
ARST-2
RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION
A 5-Storey Commercial Steel Construction
Building.
SUBMITTED BY:
GULAPA MARIBELLE MANGILIMAN JASPER BRIX SANCHEZ KYLA
A 5-STOREY COMMERCIAL STEEL
CONSTRUCTION BUILDING.
THIS RESEARCH EXPLORES THE STEEL CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION FOR
THE DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND ERECTION OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING
LOCATED IN MEXICO PLAZA, LAGUNDI, PAMPANGA. THE STUDY FOCUSES ON THE
ROLE OF STEEL STRUCTURES IN MODERN COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENTS,
INCLUDING MATERIAL SELECTION, SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS, SUSTAINABILITY,
AND INTEGRATION WITH THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT AND REGULATIONS. SPECIAL
EMPHASIS IS GIVEN TO THE STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM, CONNECTION DETAILING,
AND THE DOCUMENTATION PROCESS REQUIRED FOR SUCCESSFUL PROJECT
EXECUTION.
INTRODUCTION
01 STEEL CONSTRUCTION PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN COMMERCIAL BUILDING
PROJECTS DUE TO ITS STRENGTH, DURABILITY, AND EFFICIENCY IN TERMS OF
MATERIAL USAGE AND LABOR TIME. THE COMMERCIAL BUILDING IN MEXICO
PLAZA IS SET TO BE A MODERN, MULTI-USE STRUCTURE THAT WILL CATER TO
VARIOUS BUSINESSES IN LAGUNDI, PAMPANGA. THIS RESEARCH WILL PROVIDE
INSIGHTS INTO THE DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED FOR STEEL CONSTRUCTION,
COVERING THE ENTIRE LIFECYCLE FROM CONCEPTUAL DESIGN TO FINAL
CONSTRUCTION.
02
PROJECT OVERVIEW: MEXICO PLAZA, LAGUNDI, PAMPANGA
LOCATION: MEXICO PLAZA, LAGUNDI, PAMPANGA, PHILIPPINES
BUILDING TYPE: COMMERCIAL BUILDING (RETAIL SHOPS, OFFICES, AND
RESTAURANTS)
TOTAL AREA: APPROXIMATE FLOOR AREA (CAN VARY BASED ON SPECIFIC
DESIGN)
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: MODERN, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON EFFICIENCY,
AESTHETICS, AND SUSTAINABILITY
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM: STEEL FRAME STRUCTURE WITH REINFORCED
CONCRETE FLOORS AND STEEL ROOFING SYSTEM
UA COVERED COURT EXTERIOR
FOOTING TO COLUMN CONNECTION
BOLTED FOOTING TO
COLUMN CONNECTION
THE BOLTED FOOTING CONNECTION PROVIDES A SECURE METHOD
FOR ATTACHING STEEL COLUMNS TO CONCRETE FOOTINGS,
TRANSFERRING THE LOADS FROM THE SUPERSTRUCTURE TO THE
FOUNDATION EFFICIENTLY. THE BASE PLATE AND ANCHOR BOLTS
PLAY A VITAL ROLE IN MAINTAINING THE STABILITY AND INTEGRITY
OF THE COLUMN-FOOTING CONNECTION.
01 ANCHOR BOLTS:
PURPOSE: ANCHOR BOLTS SECURE THE STEEL COLUMN BASE PLATE TO THE CONCRETE
FOOTING, PREVENTING ANY MOVEMENT BETWEEN THE COLUMN AND THE FOOTING.
SIZE: TYPICAL DIAMETER RANGES FROM 25 MM TO 40 MM BASED ON LOAD REQUIREMENTS.
NUMBER: 4 BOLTS
BASE PLATE:
PURPOSE: THE BASE PLATE DISTRIBUTES THE LOAD FROM THE COLUMN OVER A LARGER
AREA OF THE FOOTING TO PREVENT LOCAL FAILURE OF THE CONCRETE BENEATH.
02
DIMENSIONS: .2 M X.2 M WITH A THICKNESS OF 40 MM
FOR A 5-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING, ISOLATED FOOTINGS (SOMETIMES CALLED
SPREAD FOOTINGS) ARE COMMONLY USED.
FOOTING DIMENSIONS:
1.5 M TO 2.5 M IN WIDTH AND 1.5 M TO 2 M IN LENGTH, WITH A DEPTH OF 1.5 M TO 2 M.
FOR A 5-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING, THE DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF THE FOOTING SYSTEM WITH
BASE PLATE SHOULD BE CAREFULLY PLANNED, ADHERING TO LOCAL BUILDING CODES AND SAFETY
STANDARDS. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS SHOULD PERFORM DETAILED CALCULATIONS BASED ON SPECIFIC
UA COVERED COURT EXTERIOR PROJECT REQUIREMENTS AND SITE CONDITIONS TO ENSURE THE DESIGN’S EFFECTIVENESS AND LONG-TERM
PERFORMANCE.
WELDED I-BEAM &
COLUMN AND BEAM
COLUMN DETAILS
THIS SECTION PROVIDES THE DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND WELDING
DETAILS OF THE WELDED I-BEAM AND COLUMN USED IN THE
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF 5 STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING. THESE
ELEMENTS ARE DESIGNED TO CARRY SUBSTANTIAL VERTICAL AND
HORIZONTAL LOADS WHILE MAINTAINING THE STABILITY OF THE
STRUCTURE.
01
02
THESE I-BEAMS ARE USED FOR BEAM-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS
THROUGHOUT THE STRUCTURE. KNOWN FOR THEIR LOAD-BEARING
CAPACITY, I-BEAMS ARE IDEAL FOR SPANNING LARGE DISTANCES
UA COVERED COURT EXTERIOR AND EFFICIENTLY MANAGING BENDING AND SHEAR FORCES.
WELDED I-BEAM &
COLUMN AND BEAM
COLUMN DETAILS
CONNECTION AND WELDING:
WELDED JOINTS:
THE I-BEAMS ARE CONNECTED TO OTHER STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS SUCH AS
COLUMNS, OTHER BEAMS, AND SUPPORTS USING WELDED JOINTS. THE WELDING
PROCESS ENSURES THAT THE BEAMS MAINTAIN THEIR STRENGTH AND STABILITY BY
01 CREATING A SEAMLESS, RIGID CONNECTION BETWEEN COMPONENTS.
WELDING PROCESS:
THE WELDING IS CARRIED OUT BY CERTIFIED PROFESSIONALS FOLLOWING STRICT
GUIDELINES TO ENSURE THE WELDS MEET THE NECESSARY STRUCTURAL CODES
AND STANDARDS. WELDED JOINTS ARE CRITICAL TO PREVENT MOVEMENT AND
ENSURE THAT LOADS ARE TRANSFERRED EFFICIENTLY THROUGH THE STRUCTURE.
02 PERFORMANCE AND LONGEVITY
BOTH THE WELDED I-BEAMS AND STEEL COLUMNS ARE DESIGNED TO OFFER EXCELLENT
LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE. DUE TO THE DURABILITY OF GRADE 60 CARBON STEEL, THESE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS WILL REMAIN STRONG AND STABLE FOR DECADES, WITH MINIMAL
RISK OF DEFORMATION OR FAILURE UNDER NORMAL OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS.
CORROSION RESISTANCE:
THE PROTECTIVE COATING APPLIED TO THE STEEL ENSURE THAT BOTH THE I-BEAMS AND
COLUMNS RESIST CORROSION FROM ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS SUCH AS MOISTURE, AND
EXTREME TEMPERATURES. THIS IS ESSENTIAL FOR MAINTAINING THE STRUCTURE'S
INTEGRITY.
UA COVERED COURT EXTERIOR
STEEL SLABS
SLAB MATERIAL
SPECIFICATIONS
THIS DOCUMENT PROVIDES A DETAILED OVERVIEW OF THE
SPECIFICATIONS, MATERIALS, AND APPLICATIONS FOR THE 10-MM THICK
GRADE 60 CARBON STEEL SLABS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A
COMMERCIAL BUILDING. THESE SLABS ARE INTEGRAL TO THE BUILDING’S
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM, OFFERING STRENGTH, DURABILITY, AND CORROSION
RESISTANCE, WHICH ARE ESSENTIAL FOR LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE IN
HEAVY-DUTY APPLICATIONS.
01 MATERIAL TYPE:
CARBON STEEL WITH STAINLESS STEEL PROPERTIES
THICKNESS:
10 MILLIMETERS
GRADE:
GRADE 60
STANDARD COMPLIANCE:
THE SLABS MEET STANDARD 60 SPECIFICATIONS, WHICH IS A WIDELY RECOGNIZED STANDARD
FOR CONSTRUCTION-GRADE MATERIALS. THIS GUARANTEES THAT THE SLABS MAINTAIN A HIGH
LEVEL OF QUALITY, ENSURING THEY ARE SUITABLE FOR LONG-TERM, HEAVY-DUTY COMMERCIAL
USE.
THE SLABS ARE PRIMARILY USED IN THE FOLLOWING APPLICATIONS:
02 1. FLOORING SYSTEMS:
ROLE IN FLOORING:
THE SLABS SERVE AS THE MAIN STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS FOR THE FLOORING SYSTEMS ACROSS
ALL FIVE FLOORS. THEIR HIGH-STRENGTH PROPERTIES MAKE THEM IDEAL FOR SUPPORTING
SUBSTANTIAL LOADS, INCLUDING THE WEIGHT OF PEOPLE, FURNITURE, EQUIPMENT, AND HEAVY
MACHINERY TYPICALLY FOUND IN COMMERCIAL SPACES.
2. DECKING SYSTEMS:
ROLE IN DECKING:
THE SLABS ALSO FUNCTION AS PART OF THE DECKING SYSTEM, PROVIDING A SOLID, DURABLE BASE
FOR UPPER AND INTERMEDIATE FLOORS. THESE SLABS SUPPORT THE APPLICATION OF FINISHING
UA COVERED COURT EXTERIOR MATERIALS SUCH AS CONCRETE, TILES, CARPETING, AND OTHER FLOOR COVERINGS, WHICH HELP
COMPLETE THE FLOORING SYSTEM.
STEEL SLABS
SLAB MATERIAL
SPECIFICATIONS
CONNECTION TO OTHER STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS:
CONNECTION METHOD:
SLABS ARE SECURELY CONNECTED TO BEAMS AND COLUMNS THROUGH
MECHANICAL FASTENERS OR WELDED JOINTS. THESE CONNECTIONS ARE
CRITICAL IN ENSURING THAT THE LOAD IS EFFECTIVELY TRANSFERRED FROM THE
01 FLOORS TO THE COLUMNS AND SUPPORTING BEAMS, ENSURING THE BUILDING'S
OVERALL STRUCTURAL STABILITY.
REINFORCED CONNECTIONS:
IN SOME AREAS, SLABS MAY BE FURTHER REINFORCED WITH ADDITIONAL REBAR
OR STEEL MESH. THIS REINFORCEMENT ENSURES THAT THE SLABS MAINTAIN
THEIR STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY AND CAN WITHSTAND ANY HEAVY LOADS OR
STRESS WITHOUT CRACKING OR BENDING, ESPECIALLY IN AREAS WHERE
CONCENTRATED LOADS OR VIBRATIONS MAY OCCUR.
02 THE 10-MM THICK, GRADE 60 CARBON STEEL SLABS ARE A CRUCIAL PART OF THE 5-
STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING’S STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK. THEIR ROLE IN THE
FLOORING SYSTEMS AND DECKING ENSURES THAT EACH FLOOR IS ABLE TO SUPPORT
BOTH EVERYDAY AND HEAVY LOADS WITHOUT COMPROMISING SAFETY OR
STABILITY. THROUGH STRONG CONNECTIONS TO BEAMS AND COLUMNS, AS WELL AS
THE OPTIONAL REINFORCEMENT WITH REBAR OR STEEL MESH, THESE SLABS
CONTRIBUTE TO A RELIABLE, LONG-LASTING STRUCTURE. THEIR STRENGTH,
FLEXIBILITY, AND REINFORCEMENT PROVIDE THE FOUNDATION FOR THE ENTIRE
BUILDING, ENSURING THE SAFETY AND DURABILITY OF THE COMMERCIAL SPACE.
UA COVERED COURT EXTERIOR
COLUMN AND BEAM
SUPPORT ON ROOFING: USE
OF I-BEAMS AND C PURLINS
THE ROOFING SYSTEM OF THE 5-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING
INCORPORATES A COMBINATION OF I-BEAMS AND C PURLINS TO
PROVIDE A ROBUST, EFFICIENT, AND COST-EFFECTIVE SUPPORT
STRUCTURE. THE I-BEAMS SERVE AS THE PRIMARY LOAD-BEARING
COMPONENTS, HANDLING LARGE SPANS AND HEAVY LOADS, WHILE
THE C PURLINS ACT AS SECONDARY SUPPORTS TO DISTRIBUTE THE
LOAD EVENLY AND PROVIDE ADDITIONAL STABILITY TO THE ROOF.
01
THIS COMBINATION ENSURES THAT THE ROOFING SYSTEM REMAINS
SECURE, DURABLE, AND CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING EXTERNAL
FORCES OVER TIME.
I-BEAM SUPPORT ON ROOFING:
I-BEAMS ARE PLACED ACROSS THE ROOF, SPACED APPROPRIATELY TO
PROVIDE PRIMARY SUPPORT FOR THE ROOF STRUCTURE. THESE BEAMS
HELP DISTRIBUTE THE WEIGHT OF THE ROOF DECKING, INSULATION,
AND ANY ADDITIONAL LOADSEVENLY ACROSS THE STRUCTURE.
02 C PURLINS FOR ROOFING:
APPLICATION: C PURLINS ARE USED TO SPAN ACROSS THE I-BEAMS
AND ACT AS SECONDARY SUPPORT FOR THE ROOFING SHEETS (METAL
DECKING, ROOFING PANELS, OR INSULATION). THEY ARE FIXED TO THE
I-BEAMS AND PROVIDE A STABLE FRAMEWORK FOR THE ROOFING
SYSTEM.
UA COVERED COURT EXTERIOR
REFERENCES:
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (NBCP). (2009). NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF
THE PHILIPPINES. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS, REPUBLIC OF THE
PHILIPPINES.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR STEEL. (2018). PNS 49:2008 - STEEL FOR
CONSTRUCTION. BUREAU OF PRODUCT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY,
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (AISC). (2016). STEEL CONSTRUCTION
MANUAL (15TH ED.). AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION.
NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (NSCP). (2015). NATIONAL STRUCTURAL
CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (6TH ED.). DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS,
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES.
LOCAL CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY REGULATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES. (2020).
CONSTRUCTION SAFETY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND
EMPLOYMENT, REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES.