Confining: restricting or limiting within a space or boundary.

Gestures: physical
movements or actions that convey meaning or emotion. Siesta: a short nap
Commune: to communicate deeply,often with nature or other.
Cluster: a group of similar things or people close together. Majestic: grand or
impressive in appearance. Bill to bill: a phrase used to describe close
communication or interaction.
CLASS VIII FINAL EXAM STUDY NOTES Whiteness: the quality or state of being white.
Subject-ENGLISH Uplifted: raised or elevated. Sing Song: a rhythmic repetitive way of speaking or
LITERATURE PORTION- The Magic Carpet singing
____________________________________________________________ Back Question
Within and Without [Link] the extract and answer the questions briefly.
An extract from My Reminiscences, by Rabindranath Tagore 1.”In the solitude of …. with the free bird!”
Summary a. What does the author mean by the 'solitude of that interval'?
•The narrator describes the simplicity of the childhood home, where luxury was b. Whom is the author referring to as the caged bird?
unknown and the standard of living was simpler. c. What is the author doing at this time?
•children were not overly supervised by adults and had freedom restricted by the Ans:
servants. a. The 'solitude of that interval' means the peace and calm that prevailed in the
•The clothing and food were basic with an emphasis on making the most of what house in the aftermoon, after everyone had finished their lunch. During that time,
they had. everyone took rest and nobody worked in the house.
• The outside world was largely observed from within the house through windows b. The author is referring to himself as the caged bird.
and glimpses of nature, as going outside was restricted. c. The author had grown up a little, and the authoritative behaviour of the servants
• The sense of forbidden freedom is described through the metaphor of the free had relaxed a bit. So, in the afternoon, when everyone had had their lunch and the
bird and the caged bird. house was quiet, young Rabindranath used to go up to the terrace and through the
• The narrator longs for the freedom symbolized by the distant view of the outside gaps in the parapet he would look at the neighbouring houses, coconut trees, a
world seen from the terrace. neighbour's garden lined by huts and a tank.
• The view from the terrace offers a glimpse of the outer world, sparking the D. Answer these questions.
imagination about the mysteries and freedoms of other homes. 1. Where the children of the Tagore family a pampered lot? What does the
Theme : author tell us about his upbringing?
•Childhood Innocence •Forbidden freedom •Desire for exploration •Metaphor Ans: No, the children of the Tagore family were not a pampered lot. Tagore says
of caged Bird and free Bird •Nostalgia and longing that luxury was almost unknown in the days of his infancy. The standard of living
•Imagination and creativity then was much simpler than it is [Link] children of the house were free from the
Vocabulary fuss of being too much looked after.
Luxury: great comfort 2. Who looked after the children? Why did the children have no freedom?
In the past , luxury was reserved for the wealthy elite. Infancy: early childhood or Ans:The children used to be under the rule of the servants. The servants had
the earliest stage of development. Delicacies: exquisite or rare food items. Fuss: restricted the children's right to free movement. They didn't allow the children to
unnecessary commotion. Suppressed: kept under control. Wherewithal: The step out of the house. Even movement within the different parts of the house was
unnecessary means or resources. Dispensation: A system or arrangement. restricted.
Preening: grooming or [Link]: foolishness or lack of good 3. What do we know about the food and clothing habits of Tagore children?
[Link]: The State of being forgotten. Ans:The children's food included no delicacies. They wore slippers and not socks
or shoes till they were ten years old. In the cold weather, they would simply wear a
second cotton tunic over the first one. Yet, the children did not think themselves scents as best as he could. It appeared to him that everything belonging to the
ill-aff. 'Outside', that he could only see from inside his house, was inviting him to play with
4. How did the children play with their slippers? it. Being unable to go outside and enjoy the sights and sounds there, the author felt
Ans: The children used to kick their slippers ahead and then run up after them. So, that he was caged, whereas the 'Outside' was free and the two could never meet.
more often than not the slippers were found missing from their feet. 3. Describe the conversation between the free and the teamword in the poem
5. Explain how the elders were distance from the children in the author's written by the author.
house. Ans: The free bird which lived in the forest ance met the tamed bird which lived in
Ans: The elders of the Tagore family were not easily accessible to their children. a cage. The former asked the latter if it would like to fly with it in the forest. The
The children would dream of living the kind of life their elders used to live only caged bird responded by asking the free bird to come and start living with it in the
when they themselves were old enough. cage. The free bird expressed his inability to do so because the cage didn't have
6. How does the author compare his childhood with that of the ‘modern enough space to allow it to even spread its wings. The caged bird replied
child’? sorrowfully that if he flew in the sky with the free bird, he wouldn't know where to
Ans: The author had a simple childhood withoutthe luxuries modern children grow perch himself in the sky.
up with. He says that modern children would have nothing but scorn for the simple 4. When the author gazed at the distance dwellings outside his house what
clothes he wore during his childhood. The children didn't wear socks or shoes till possible wealth did he imagine them to be full of?
they were ten years old. In cold weather, they would wear a second tunic on top of Ans: When the author gazed at the distant dwellings outside his house, he would
the first [Link], a greater part of the modern children's world is wasted on feel as if they were hinting to him of the mysteries of their interiors. He felt like the
them because they have everything they desire. beggar outside the palace doors who imagines many treasures held within strong
7. “Nothing ever came so easily to us”- what does the author mean by this? rooms he could never reach. He imagined those dwellings were filled with the play
And how did this have a positive impact on him? and freedom that were denied to him since he was a kid.
Ans: 'Nothing ever came so easily to us. By saying this Tagore means that unlike 5. Explain with examples how the children's freedom was severely restricted
modern children whose parents fulfil every wish of theirs rather easily, the children and the were almost like caged birds:
during his childhood could never hope to get any of their desires fulfilled easily. So, Ans:As the servants took care of the children, they were not allowed to go outside
they were very satisfied with the little they had and enjoyed life to the utmost. or even to all parts of their house. The children spent their days in the servants'
8. How did Shyam manage to control the authors movement? why was the quarters in the south-east corner of the outer apartments. Shyam, a servant, would
author afraid of transcribing the line he would draw? even draw a line around the author and order him not to step out of that line. It was
Ans:Shyam managed to control the author's movement when he was a small boy only from the window of the room that the author would look at what was going on
by putting him in a selected spot, tracing a chalk line all around and warning him of outside.
terrible consequences if he stepped out of that line. Extra Questions:
E. Think and answer. [Link] does the narrator describe the childhood home in terms of luxury and
1. “The author would spend the whole day guessing on the same as on a standard of living?
picture book”- what did he observe? Ans: The narrator describes the childhood home as a place where luxury was
Ans: The author used to observe very carefully the scene just below one of the almost unknown and the standard of living was much simpler than it is in modern
rooms of his house. There was a tank with a flight of steps leading to the water, an times.
immense banyan tree and a fringe of coconut palms. His neighbours would drop in 2. What restrictions did the servants impose on the children in the
one by one to have their bath in the tank and he would observe their rituals. household?
2. “ But it was free and I was bound- there was no way of meeting”- what Ans: The servants in the household almost suppressed the children's right of free
does the author mean by this? movement to save themselves trouble. They restricted the children's freedom by
Ans:Since going out of the house was forbidden to the children of the Tagore controlling their movements.
family, the author could only peep at the world outside, taking in the sounds and 3. How does the narrator view the outside world from within the house?
Ans: The narrator views the outside world from within the house as a place of his sweets and spent the rest of the day enjoying them alongside a fair amount of
fascination and curiosity, yearning to explore it but feeling bound by limitation. garden soil.
4. What does the metaphor of the caged Bird and the free bird represent in Later, he interacts with his neighbour, Joan, and following the trend from the
the narrative? movies he had watched, tries to display affection towards her,even sharing his now
Ans: The metaphor of the caged bird and the free bird symbolizes the conflict dirty Gooseberry Eyes with her.
between confinement and freedom reflecting the longing for liberation from Theme:
restrictions and societal constraints. •Childhood innocence and imagination
5. Describe the significance of the Banyan tree outside the window in the •Misinterpretation of actions
narrator's childhood memories. •Parental concern and frustration
Ans: The Banyan tree outside the window symbolizes the narrator's desire for •The impact of the media
freedom and exploration beyond the physical boundaries of their childhood home •Child’s perspective of adult world
evoking memories of the longing for the outside world. Characterization:
6. How does the narrator's view from the terrace spark their imagination and Vocabulary:
longing for exploration? Indulged: allowed oneself to enjoy something without feeling guilty.
Ans: The view from the terrace offers glimpses of the outside world, evoking a Upheld: supported or maintained, especially a belief or idea.
sense of mystery and freedom in the narrator's mind fueling their imagination and Confectioner: a person or shop that makes and sells sweets or confections.
desire to explore the unknown. Lavishly: in a generous and extravagant manner.
7. How does the theme of forbidden freedom resonate throughout the Anxious: feeling worried, uneasy or concerned about something.
narrative? Puzzled: confused or uncertain, unable to understand something.
Ans: The theme of forbidden freedom resonates as the narrator reflects on the Haggered: looking tired, worn out or exhausted.
limitations imposed on them during childhood, longing to break free from the Darned: mended or repaired, specially by weaving.
confines of the household and explore the world beyond. Assaulted: physically attacked or subject to harm or violence.
8. Discuss the role of nostalgia and longing in shaping the narrator's Proclamation: a formal public statement or announcement, often by a government
perspective on their childhood home. or authority.
Ans: Nostalgia and longing play a significant role in shaping the narrator's Intoxicated: under the influence of alcohol or drugs often resulting in altered
perspective, as they fondly recall their childhood experiences and express a deep behaviour.
yearning for the freedom and adventures that lay outside their reach. Indefatigable: showing a tireless and persistent effort not easily tired.
___________________________________________________________ Perseverance: steady persistence in a course of action, especially in the face of
William Goes to the Pictures difficulties or obstacles.
Adapted from the story by Richmal Crompton Bewilderment: a state of confusion or puzzlement.
Summary: Flushed: reddened or blushed, often due to embarrassment, excitement or
The chapter begins with William receiving a shilling from his doting aunt for running exertion.
errands for her. With the shilling, he goes to his favourite confectioner and buys a Back Questions:
packet of Gooseberry eyes sweets. He later wanders to a nearby picture palace, B. Answer these questions:
where he becomes engrossed in the motion picture program which included 1. Why did Williams on give him money? What did he do with the money?
thrillers, love stories and adventures. The movies inspire him to reenact scenes on Ans:William's aunt gave him money for posting a letter for her and carrying her
his way home which results in a collision with his irate father. parcels from the grocer's. William bought a large quantity of Gooseberry Eyes, a
His father, displeased by William's behaviour and the site of the coloured sweets, type of sweets, and watched three films in the Picture Palace with the money.
discards the Gooseberry Eyes into a nearby bush. Undeterred, William salvaged 2. What did William do that shows he was impressed by the film about
crooks?
Ans. As soon as William came out of the Picture Palace, he pretended to be a loss to know how he had misunderstood her. William had also taken a flower with
character who was being pursued by several men. First, he glanced cautiously him and given it as a token of Ethel's love for Mr Morgan. Ethel was
around, and then started walking stealthily in the direction of his home. Next, he understandably flushedand furious as William had created a misunderstanding with
suddenly ran down a backstreet pretending that he was deceiving his Imaginary Mr Morgan.
pursuers. As he ran, he took out a pencil from his pocket, pretending it was a gun, C. Read the extracts and answer the questions briefly.
aimed it at the empty air and fired twice in the air. 1. "Be quiet! Have you got any more of the foul things?"
3. Why was Mr brown angry with William when he met him at the gate? a. What was the 'foul thing'?
Ans: William had crashed into his father as he rushed in through the gate. That is b. What did Mr Brown do with it?
why his father, Mr. Brown was angry with him. c. Did William give up the 'foul thing' after this?
4. How did Mr brown notice that William had been eating a lot of candy? Ans:a. The 'foul thing' was the Gooseberry Eyes candies that William was eating.
Ans: As William opened his mouth to say something, Mr Brown saw that William's b. Mr Brown seized William's bag of sweets and threw it far into the bushes.
tongue had turned a bright colour. So, he concluded that William must have eaten c. No, William did not give up the Gooseberry Eyes even after his father had
a lot of candy. thrown the bag of sweets into the bushes. He searched for them for the next ten
5. What did William share with Joan? Why did she has heated before taking minutes and kept consuming them the rest of the day even though they were
it? soiled.
Ans:William shared Gooseberry Eyes, the candies he was eating, with Joan. She 2. "Now?" exploded Mr Brown. "Why is the young idiot coming at this time of
hesitated before taking them as they were soiled. William had carefully picked day?"
them up from the ground where his father had thrown them in disgust.. a. Who was the 'young idiot'?
6. How did William misunderstand the situation between his sister and Mr b. Why was Mr Brown angry?
Morgan? c. Why had the person come to the Browns' house?
When William entered the house, he saw his sister Ethel talking to Mr Morgan Ans: a. Mr Brown had referred to Mr Morgan as the 'young idiot'.
earnestly. After some time, Mr Morgan walked away and she kept on gazing after
him. William had just watched three films, and of which one was a love story of two b. Mr Brown was angry because Mr Morgan had come to see his daughter Ethel
people who were fond of each other but were too proud to let each other [Link], when the family was about to sit down to dinner.
like the heroine's brother, he decided to bring them together. c. Mr Morgan had come to the Browns' house because William had gone to him
7. What did William go and tell Mr Morgan? and told him that his sister was madly in love with him, and she wanted to see him
William went to Mr Morgan and told him that his sister Ethel thought awfully fot at their house around seven in the evening.
about him and even talked about him in her sleep. He added that she ate nothing D. Think and answer.
and just kept standing at the window to watch him pass. Taking out a slightly 1. There was no time to be lost. William ran for dear life’- Explain why William
crushed rosebud from his pocket and giving it to Mr Morgan, he said that Ethel had ran like this.
sent it for Mr Morgan and wanted him to come and see her at around sevenin the Ans: William ran like this because he was greatly influenced by the three films he
evening. had watched at the Picture Palace. One of the films was about crooks being hotly
8. Why was Mr Morgan puzzled at what William told him? pursued by the police. So, while returning home, William imagined that he was
Ans:. Mr Morgan was puzzled at what William told him because he had already being chased by several men and he had to escape from them. So, he ran as if his
told Ethel that he was in love with her best friend. Ethel had offered to put in a life depended on it.
good word for him. 2. What made Joan so kind and sympathetic towards William? How did she
9. Why was Ethel flushed and angry after meeting Mr Morgan? show her kindness?
Ans: Ethel had just met a haggard looking Mr Morgan who had told her of Ans:William imagined himself to be the country boy and Joan to be the simple
William's visit to him and that William had told him that Ethel wanted to see him at country girl in love from the film he had watched earlier in the day. He started
seven in the evening. Since Ethel had hardly spoken to her brother, she was at a speaking to her in the deep and husky voice of the young country lover. Poor Joan
thought that he had a lung ailment that was making it difficult for him to breathe Ans:William's father reacted by labeling him as insane and suggested getting his
and speak normally. So, she felt kind and sympathetic towards him and offered to brainexamined due to a series of inexplicable and troubling actions undertaken by
give him her new paintbox and a ball, She also said that she would give him any William throughout the day.
chocolate her father brought home for her. ____________________&____________________________________
3. “ He’s insane. Stark,raving insane”. Why did Mr brown say this about Kipling Country
William? An extract from The King and I,by Prerna Singh Bindra.
Ans: Mr Brown said that his son William was totally insane because he could not Summary:
make sense of the strange actions of William on that day. It started with William The chapter explores the authors journey through the forest of pench and
knocking him into the rhododendron bushes for no apparent reason. Then William Kanha,immersing herself in the world of Rudyard kipling’s classic, The Jungle
gave the soiled candies to Joan which made her fall ill. Moreover, Mr Brown could [Link] delves into the real life locations that inspired the fictional settings
not understand why William had told Joan that he was suffering from tuberculosis. ,encountering a mix of beauty and challenges, from wild animals to sudden
Finally, he gave imaginary messages to Mr Morgan which brought the young man downpours. The narrative unfolds with encounters with nature,native villages, and
to their house at dinner time. Out of anger and frustration, Mr Brown said to Mrs a poignant moment with a majestic tiger, reflecting on the coexistence of wildlife
Brown that their son was stark insane. and tourism . The author’s experience captures the essence of Kipling's wilderness
4. Williams be had not been a success. Explain why. and the magic of encountering the creatures that inhabit Mowgli’s land.
Ans:It was indeed a very unsuccessful day for William. First, he charged into his Theme:
father at the garden, while throwing off imaginary pursuers. His father scolded him, The theme of “ Kipling Country” revolves around the juxtaposition of fiction and
threw away his precious Gooseberry Eyes. William carefully picked them up from reality,as the author explores the landscape that inspired Rudyard Kipling’ s classic
the soil. Then, he pretended to be a simple country boy in love with Joan and gave “The Jungle Book”.
soiled candies to her. She ate them and fell sick for which he was blamed by Mrs. VOCABULARY
Clive, Joan's mother. Next, he tried to be the ideal brother of the third film he had WORD - MEANING
watched andjumped to the wrong conclusion that his sister Ethel and Mr Morgan Foray- a sudden attack Fledgling: A young and inexperienced person or
were in love, but could not admit it to each other. So, he tried to bring the two, who organization. Eerily: in a strange and unnerving manner that seems supernatural
were not at all in love, [Link], the day ended with William getting beaten or uncanny. Encircled: surrounded or enclosed in a circle or ring. Assorted: of
up by his father for all the things he had done during the day. various types or sorts.
Extra Questions: Haunted: to frequent or visit often.
[Link] is the main character in the story "William Goes to the Pictures"? Affable: friendly, approachable and easy to talk to. Deciduous: shading leaves
Ans:The main character in the story "William Goes to the Pictures" is William. annually at the end of a growing season. Nullah: a small, narrow valley or
[Link] did William spend the shilling on that he received from his aunt? ravine,often dry except during the rainy season. Nibble: to take small bites or
Ans:William spent the shilling on buying sweets and going to the pictures. samples of something. Manoeuvre: A skilful and strategic movement or action
[Link] the misunderstanding created by William's actions at Mr. Bedraggled: Dirty wet and in disarray, especially as a result of being exposed to
Morgan's house. rain or water. Niche: a specialized or unique role within a particular environment or
Ans: William's actions created a misunderstanding where Mr. Morgan field.
misunderstood that Ethel was in love with him, influenced by William's fabricated Seduced: enticed,attracted or lured by something appealing. Precincts: the
messages and gestures. surrounding areas or neighborhood especially in the context of a specific place or
[Link] led to the downfall of William's day? building.
Ans: The downfall of William's day was caused by his generosity being Agitate: to disturb, excite or stir up strong emotions or feelings. Unruly: disorderly,
misconstrued as an attempt on someone's life, misunderstandings with helping his difficult to control,or disobedient. Cacophony: harsh, jarring mixture of sound.
sister, and being punished by his father for eating sweets.
[Link] did William's father react to William's actions throughout the day?
Persecute: to subject to harsh treatment or hostility, especially due to race, a. The author means that 'The Jungle Book' was like a religious text/ the best
religion or beliefs. Stampede: a sudden, frenzied rush or mass movement of and most useful book about the subject.
people, animals or things. b. Why did the author regard 'The Jungle Book' as her Bible?
Back Questions c. The word 'assorted' means a group of similar things with different
[Link] these questions: qualities/ many.
1.: 'The friendly Bagheera of The Jungle Book morphs panther.' When and [Link] were Mowgli's assorted friends?
why does the author feel this way? e. The word 'hunted' here means they saw ghost there/ they often went there.
Answer: The author felt this way when it started raining heavily, and she was
stranded in the dark jungle, unable to reach the Karmajhiri forest guest house. In [Link]: The author means that 'The Jungle Book' was the best and most useful
the odd flashes of lightning, her fear produced unwanted images. Dark shapes book about the subject.
seemed like a hungry panther rather than Bagheera. [Link]:The author was on an assignment to discover the forests through 'The
Jungle Book'. She regarded it as her bible because it had very accurate
2: 'He thinks it wise to make good use of time'. How was the time put to descriptions of the places and jungles in the Central Provinces of India now
good use? claiming to be a Mowgli's jungles.
Answer: The park director picked up the author and turned back from the [Link]:The word 'assorted' means 'a group of similar things with different qualities.
overflowing nullah. He had spotted a herd of gaur while on his way to the nullah [Link]'s assorted friends were Bagheera the Panther, Kaa the Python and
and takes the author there, especially when the entire scene was lit up by a bright Baloo the friendly bear.
flash of lightning. It was indeed good use of their time. [Link] word 'hunted' here means 'they often went there'.
[Link] does the author say that being in the rest house was 'akin' to 2. Jay Kumar the driver does not help either. He thinks it wise to keep
travelling back in time? amused by telling me tall tales of a certain unfriendly leopard who had once
Answer: The author said that being in the rest house was 'akin' to travelling back in frequented these paths. Just as I am about to give myself to despair the
time because there were no newspapers. The lone television did not work, nor was radio in jeep come to life.....
there a cellphone connection.
4: Why does the author go to Kanhiwada? a. When and where were these tales being told?
Answer: The author was on an assignment to discover the forests through 'The [Link] tales are stories that are difficult to believe and unlikely to be true/true
Jungle Book'. She went to Kanhiwada because Mowgli was born in a potter's stories.
family in that village. True to the classic, Kanhiwada is a potter's village. c. To frequent a place is to go there often / seldom go there.
[Link] name Mowgli rings a bell, but no thanks to author'. How did the people
at the potter's village know about Mowgli? d. 'The radio coming to life' means songs started playing on it/ it started
Answer: The people at the potter's village came to know about Mowgli from an receiving messages.
animated Hindi TV serial based on 'The Jungle Book', and mainly from the very
popular light-hearted song that opened every episode of the animated serial. e. What message did they receive on the radio?
6: 'They were almost wipe out in Kanha as well, though the reserve now
sports viable numbers. Who are 'they'? The word 'sport' means display/play. [Link]:The author was caught in a heavy downpour in Pench Tiger Reserve. She
Answer: 'They' refers to the barasingha or swamp deer stag. The word 'sport' was in the jeep with the driver Jay Kumar, This is when Jay Kumar began telling
means 'display'. tales of a ferocious leopard that used to frequent the place.
C. Read the extracts and answer the questions briefly. b. Ans: 'Tall tales' are stories that are difficult to believe and unlikely to be true.
1. ‘The Jungle Book became my bible and I clung to it as I traced the path [Link]:'To frequent a place' is to go there often.
Mowgli and his assorted animal friends had hunted.’ [Link]: The radio coming to life' means it started receiving messages.
[Link]:They received the message that the director of the park was worried that Ans: The journey begins at the Pench Tiger Reserve. This reserve lies partially in
they had been stranded and couldn't reach the Karmajhiri forest guest house. So, Maharashtra, while the larger part is housed in India's Tiger State, Madhya
he was on his way to meet them. Pradesh.
D. Think and answer 3. What is the first rule? How nature treats the traveller?
[Link] does the author say, "I would be lying if I said I was following Kipling's Ans: The first rule when one travel in forest is ‘to be prepared’ for the unexpected.
footsteps?" Nature does not adhere to rules, she is temperamental and carries one along her
whimsical moods.
Ans: The author said that she would be lying if she said that he had been following 4. What is the lesson that the narrator imbibe?
Kipling's footsteps because Rudyard Kipling had never set foot in the Central Ans: The lesson the narrator imbibe is to revel in each facet, rather than grumble
Provinces of India, the region he described accurately in his book. about the discomfort the sudden changes might bring.
5. Why did the narrator stop in between his journey?
[Link] does the author show that nature is temperamental and whimsical? Ans: The narrator stopped periodically to remove branches that block their path.
Ans: The author described the sudden changes in the weather. It was very bright 6. Why did the check dam constructed by the forest department?
and sunny when she entered the reserve. Then, within minutes, the heavens Ans: The small check dam constructed by the forest department to help the
opened and there was a heavy downpour accompanied by lightning and thunder. animals through the summer has given way and water envelopes the road.
Soon, darkness enveloped the forest. That is how the author showed that nature is [Link] works to the real landscapes of India?
temperamental and whimsical. The author draws parallels between Kipling's vivid descriptions and the actual
[Link] makes author wonder if it was possible to successfully marry tourism locations, emphasizing how these places inspired his stories and the enduring
with wildlife? impact they have on the natural world.
Ans: At the break of dawn, the author was somewhat pained to experience the 8. What role does nostalgia play in the narrative?
peace of the forest being shattered by the noise made by tourist cars and the • Nostalgia is a significant element, as the author reflects on her own experiences
tourists themselves. This made her wonder if tourism could successfully go in these landscapes, evoking a sense of longing for the past and highlighting the
hand-in-hand with wildlife. changes in the environment.
[Link] the end, the author says "why does she trust us, me after what man had [Link] the significance of wildlife in the book.
done to her kind?" in what way does the majestic tigress appears to truest Wildlife serves as a central character, symbolizing the richness of biodiversity. The
the author? Why does the author feel that the tigress should not have trusted author stresses the need for protection and respect for these species as integral to
any member of the human species? the ecosystem.
Ans:The majestic tigress appeared to trust the author, a tourist, as she stopped 10. What message does Bindra convey about conservation?
while crossing the road and stood looking at her within ten feet of her vehicle. The Bindra emphasizes the urgent need for conservation efforts, urging readers to
author wondered how the tigress could trust any member of the human species recognize the threats facing wildlife and the environment, and to take action to
because many people kill tigers to earn huge amounts of money by selling their protect them.
skin and bones. [Link] does the author portray the impact of human activity on nature?
Extra Questions The author illustrates the detrimental effects of deforestation, urbanization, and
1. What was an interesting assignment according to the author of ‘Kipling climate change, providing examples of how these activities disrupt ecosystems and
country’? threaten wildlife.
Ans: The interesting assignment was to discover the forest through a classic 12. Can you analyze Bindra's writing style in "Kipling Country"?
fictional fantasy that is a eerily real. Bindra's writing style is descriptive and evocative, using rich imagery to bring the
2. Where does the journey begin in the story Kipling country? Where does it landscapes and wildlife to life. She blends personal anecdotes with factual
located? information, creating an engaging narrative.
____________________________________________________________
 Mowgli Returns to the World of Men Ans:When Bagheera warned Mowgli that Shere Khan would kill him someday, he
An extract from The Jungle Book by Rudyard kipling took the warning very lightly. He said that Shere Khan was only a loudmouth with a
Summary:The Jungle Book is considered to be a collection of stories. The long tail. He sensed no danger from the tiger.
adventurous tales follow a boy, Mowgli, who gets lost in the jungle when he is very
young. A panther finds the little boy and a wolf raises Mowgli as one of the wolf 5. Could Mowgli count? how do you know?
pack's own. As the boy or man-cub, as they refer to him, is looked after by the Ans:When Bagheera asked him how often he had warned him that Shere Khan
wolves, other animals help to teach Mowgli the laws of the jungle. was his enemy, Mowgli replied that he had warned him as many times as there
Mowgli arrives at a wolf pack's home on top of a mountain where he meets Akela, were nuts on the palm tree. This shows that Mowgli did not know how to count.
the wolf pack's leader. The mother and father wolf take in Mowgli as one of their 6. Why did Shere Khan want to kill Mowgli? Why did Bagheera think he was
own. Shere Khan, a tiger, wants to capture Mowgli and eat him. Finally, the entire likely to succeed this time?
wolf pack accepts Mowgli after a bear named Baloo speaks for him and a panther Ans:Shere Khan had attacked a group of people camping in the jungle. As the
named Bagheera bribes the pack with food. people ran away, a child escaped into the woods. That child was adopted by a
Shere Khan still tries to get the younger wolves to exclude Mowgli from the pack, family of wolves and Mother Wolf named him Mowgli. Shere Khan wanted to kill
and after a while, Mowgli realizes it's time for him to move on from his jungle Mowgli because he believed that though the boy was rightfully his prey.
family. Bagheera thought that Shere Khan was likely to succeed this time. Akela, the
Theme: leader of the pack of wolves, was old and would soon be rejected as their leader
•Abandonment and fostering •Law and freedom •Importance of family and be killed. The wolves, who were loyal to Akela and who had joined hands in
•Preservation of wildlife •Facing fears •Leading a simple life looking after Mowgli, had grown old and weak too.
Vocabulary 7. How had share Khan ensure the support of some wolves?
Buck: male deer or antelope. Gullet:throat Ans: Shere Khan had come to be great friends with the younger wolves of the
Singed: burnt Pack, who followed him for scraps of meat. He would also flatter them by calling
Back Questions them fine young hunters.
[Link] these questions: 8. “ But Why - why should any wish to kill me?”said Mowgli.
1. How did Mowgli help the wolves of the pack? [Link] did Mowgli say this to? b. What was the response to this question?
Ans: Mowgli helped the wolves of the Pack by picking the long thorns out of Ans:
their paws and burrs out of their coats. a. Mowgli said this to Bagheera.
b. Bagheera responded by asking Mowgli to look at him between his eyes. When
2. ‘everybody new Bagheera and nobody care to cross his path’-the words in Mowgli looked steadily between the eyes, Bagheera turned his head away in half a
colour mean [Link] added that Mowgli was wise; had pulled out thorns from their feet and
a. No one wanted to work across the path he was walking on. was no longer a man-cub, but a man.
b. No one wanted to annoy him.
Ans:The words in colour mean no one wanted to annoy him. 9. What was red flower? Why did Bagheera ask Mowgli to get it? Where did
Mowgli get it from? How did he learn to tend it?
3. Why did nobody care to cross Bageera’s path? Ans:The Red Flower was fire. Bagheera asked Mowgli to get it because every
Ans: Nobody cared to cross Bagheera's path because they were all scared of him, animal fears fire. No animal would be able to overpower Mowgli if he had fire with
for he was as cunning as a jackal, as bold as the wild buffalo, and as dangerous as him. Mowgli got it from a nearby village where he saw fire burning on a hearth. He
a wounded elephant. learnt to tend it by secretly watching how a woman fed the fire in the night with coal
and blew into it to keep it burning..
4. What was Mowgli's reaction when Bagheera warned him that shere khan
would kill him someday? 10. He saw a woman get up and feed it in the night with black lumps
[Link] was ‘he’? b. What was ‘ it' ? Think and answer.
c. Where was he when he saw this? [Link] Mowgli know before Bagheera told him that Akela had missed his kill?
d. What were the black lumps? How do you know?
Ans:
a. 'He' was Mowgli. Ans:While Mowgli ran to a nearby village to get the Red Flower or fire he heard
b. 'It was fire on a hearth. the yell of the Packhunting with the young wolves and shouting out to their old
c. Mowgli was in a nearby village in the jungle peeping through a window of a hut. leader Akela to show his strength.
He saw a fire on the hearth of the hut. He saw how a woman fed it at night with
coal. he heard the snap of Akela's teeth that indicated that he had pounced upon a
d. The black lumps were lumps of coal. sambar but missed his hold. Then he heard a yelp from Akela as the sambar
11. By the end of the story why was Akela being called the dead wolf? knocked him over. So, Mowgli knew that Akela had missed his kill before Bagheera
Ans: It was the law of the pack that once their leader who missed his kill he was told him about it.
referred to as Dead Wolf for as long as he lived, which was not for long. By the end 2. Strike first and then give tongue,' means, strike first and then share your
of the story, Akela was being called the Dead Wolf because he had missed his kill. feelings. How did the wolves' behaviour illustrate this?
[Link] Akela feel any affection for Mowgli? Answer with examples from the Ans:'Strike first and then give tongue' was the cunning policy of the wolves. They
story. did not let Mowgli know that they were after his blood. He would only have found
Ans:Yes, Akela felt a lot of affection for Mowgli. To begin with, Akela was the out once Akelamissed his kill. Had it not been for Bagheera's timely warning,
leader of the Pack of wolves that accepted the little boy in their pack after he was Mowgli would have been handed over to Shere Khan.
adopted by Mother Wolf. Then, along with Father Wolf, Bagheera and Baloo, Akela 3. Write a character sketch of Bagheera.
taught Mowgli the ways of the jungle. Next, when Shere Khan asked the Pack to Ans: Bagheera, the panther, was a true well-wisher of Mowgli. He paid with a bull
hand over Mowgli to him because a man had no place with the Pack, Akela argued for the boy to be accepted in the Pack. Bagheera, along with Father Wolf and
that Mowgli was an integral part of the Pack as he had eaten the [Link] even Baloo, the bear, taught Mowgli the ways of the jungle.
offered not to fight when his time came if Mowgli was allowed to leave uninjured. The other animals didn't dare to cross Bagheera's path because he was as
cunning as a jackal, as brave as the wild buffalo and as dangerous as a wounded
[Link] the extract and answer the questions briefly. elephant. He proved to be a very clever and wise guardian of Mowgli.
"There is no one in the jungle that knows that I, Bagheera, carry that [Link] sketch of Akela:
mark-the mark of the collar..." Akela, the Lone Wolf was the leader of the pack when Mother Wolf and Father
a. Why did Bagheera share this secret? Wolf adopted Mowgli. He taught the ways of the jungle to Mowgli. Shere Khan was
b. Did it help to convince Mowgli to take the action Bagheera wanted him to waiting for him to miss his kill before attacking Mowgli. Even after he missed his
take? kill, no wolf wanted to face him alone because he was too strong for them. Akela
Ans: was also a just leader. He reminded the young wolves that Mowgli had lived by the
[Link] shared this secret with Mowgli to persuade him that he must return to laws of the jungle and did not deserve to be handed over to Shere Khan. He
the world of men just as Bagheera had returned to the [Link] the showed his kindness. and his concern for Mowgli by offering to not fight when his
panther was not meant to live in a cage as man's toy. Similarly, Mowgli could no time came, if Mowgli was left unharmed.
longer run with the wolves of the pack and must return to the world of men. Extra Questions
[Link] was not convinced by this as he still could not understand why any wolf [Link] adopted Mowgli when he was found by father wolf in the jungle?
would support Shere Khan as he considered them his brothers. Bagheera had to Ans: Mowgli was adopted by the family of the wolves and accepted into their pack.
further explain to Mowgli why most members of the pack would turn against him to 2. What did Bagheera advise Mowgli to do at the Jungle council to have a
make his point. stronger friend than himself?
Ans: Bagheera advised Mowgli to get the Red flower from the men's huts in the Simile: The poem uses simile, making comparisons to enhance descriptive
valley. imagery. For example,
3. Why did Mowgli refer to the wolves as “dogs”at the Jungle council? “ The road was a ribbon of moonlight” compares the moonlit road to a ribbon.
Ans: Mowgli referred to the wolves as dogs because he realized that he was more Metaphor:The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas”,describes
of a man than wolf and that the wolves betrayed him. the moon as a ship voyaging the turbulent seas. This adds a vivid and dramatic
4. How did Mowgli demonstrate his dominance and bravery at the Jungle effect.
council? Onomatopoeia: “ Over the cobbles he clattered and clashed in the dark inn
Ans: Mowgli demonstrated his dominance and bravery by standing up to shere yard,” the word “ clattered” and “ clashed” reproduce the sounds of the
khan,flinging the fire pot on the ground, and threatening Shere Khan with fire. action,making the scene more vivid.
5. Why did Mowgli shed tears towards the end of the chapter? Vocabulary
Ans: Mowgli Shed tears because he realized that he was no longer a man cub but Meaning
a full man and that he had to leave the Jungle behind, which made him emotional. Torrent: strong and fast moving stream of water or other [Link]:
___________________________________________________________ characterized by strong sudden bursts of [Link]: a large multi decked
The Highwayman sailing ship used during the 15th to 17 th [Link]: a long narrow strip of
Summary: fabric often used for [Link]: and open area of uncultivated land. Rapier:
The highwayman by Alfred Noyse is a narrative poem that tells a gripping tale set a term that seems to be a type or error in the [Link]: rounded stones
in 18th century rural England. The poem introduces us to a highway man who used for paving streets roads or pathways. Clattered: made a continuous rattling
comes riding at night to an inn. He is depicted in vivid detail with his lace, claret [Link]: prevented from access or entry usually by a physical obstruction or
velvet coat, and jewelled accessories along with his french cooked hat. barrier.
As he approaches the inn, he makes his intentions known by tapping on the inn Extra Questions
window with his whip. Inside the inn is Bess, the landlord’s daughter with whom the 1."The wind was a torrent of darkness among the gusty trees........upto the
highway man is in love. old inn door"-
Noyes’ piece thus emerges as a rich narrative weaving together themes of a)what is a ballad?
love,danger and sacrifice,painted against the backdrop of 18th century England. b)Who is highwayman?
Theme: c)How was the weather?
[Link] “ The Highwayman”, poet describes a compelling story of love between d) How did the moon look?
Bess,the landlords daughter and the highwayman. e)How did the road look?
2. Bravery and Heroism 3. Conflict and tragedy4. The Supernatural f)Where did the highwayman go?
Poetic device Ans: a) A ballad is a narrative poem, traditionally set to music, that tells a story.
Rhyme Scheme: b)A highwayman is a robber who steals from travelers on a road.
This poem uses a distinctive and structure rhyme scheme (a a b c c b), which c)The weather was windy with gusty trees, signifying possibly a storm or turbulent
enhances the rhythmic sing song quality of the verse. weather.
Imagery: This poem is Laden with vivid and striking imagery that helps to create d) The moon looked like a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas, indicating it
an eerie, suspense full and romantic atmosphere. was shrouded by clouds.
“ The wind was a torrent of darkness among the gusty trees” paints a vivid picture e) The road looked like a ribbon of moonlight over the purple moor,probably
of the setting. signifying its visibility in the moonlight amidst the dark moor.
Repetition: The poet uses repetition to length emphasis and dramatic effect f) The highwayman went up to the old inn door.
specially in “riding-riding-riding”. 2."he'd a French cocked-hat on his forehead,......under the jewelled sky"-
Personification:“ The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas”, the a)What did he wear?
poet employs here personification. b)Why was there no wrinkle?
c) What were the two things twinkling? Urquhart is a boy who carefully guides his friends and relatives towards the type of
d) Why was the sky being called jewelled? presents he wishes to receive for his upcoming birthday. To his mother, he makes
Ans: a) He wore a French cocked hat on his forehead, lace at his chin, a coat of a clear request for a fishing rod. To an uncle from whom he was only slight hope of
claret velvet, brown doe skin breeches, and his boots were upto his thigh. receiving a gift,he craftly suggests the abundancy of a fishing rod,hinting at what
b)There were no wrinkles because the clothing he wore , particularly his brown he does not want. To an elderly lady known to be a skilful baker,he softly hints at a
doe-skin breeches ,was well- fitted and likely of a high quality, maintaining its desire to receive a cake much like the ones she bakes beautifully.
smoothness and form even during movement. Unfortunately, this provides an occasion for Jones to demonstrate his superior
c) the two things twinkling were his pistol butts and his rapier hilt. [Link] has been read by several adversarial hands before reaching the library a
d) The sky has been called jewelled because it was clear and star spangled, much d despite the belied contention surrounding it,the mature visitor admires it's
like a jewel's glittering facets. seemingly untouched condition,blind to its tumultuous journey.
3. " over the cobbles he clattered and clashed........her long black hair"- Theme
a) What did the highwayman do? •Childhood coming and wit •Deception and miscommunication •False
b)How was the inn? expectations and disappointment •Friendship and alliance
c) why did he whistle and for whom? Word Meaning
d) What was she doing? Benefactress: a female supporter who provides assistance or [Link]:
Ans: a) The highwayman came riding up to the old inn door and tapped on the suggesting or employing something [Link]: inclined to study or read.
shutters with his whip. Indignation: strong displeasure Pugnacious: eager to fight or [Link]:
b) The inn was locked and barred. distrustful of the motives of [Link]: intense, aggressive powerful in action or
c)He whistled a tune to the window, attracting the attention of the landlord's appearance.
daughter,Bess. Controversy: a dispute or disagreement.
d) Bess was plaiting a dark red love-knot into her long black hair. Allegiance: loyalty or devotion to a person, group or [Link]: to
Short Answer type Questions: protest or object against [Link]: Tactful and skillful in handling
[Link] came riding up to the old inn door? sensitive situations or [Link]: unusual, strange or distinct from
Ans: The highwayman came riding up to the old inn door. what is [Link]: extremely poor or lacking basic [Link]: lack of
2. What did the highwayman have on his forehead and at his chin? good judgement.
Ans: The highwayman had a French cocked-hat on his forehead and a bunch of Slaughter: to kill in a violent and brutal manner. Charmed: captivated or delighted
lace at his chin. by something or [Link]: A piece of news that is not
3. Who was waiting at the window when the highwayman whistled a tune? [Link]: showing scorn , disrespect or disdain towards someone or
Ans:The highwayman came riding up to the old inn door. [Link]: not deserving of praise or honour Meditate: to intervene or
2. What did the highwayman have on his forehead and at his chin? facilitate a resolution between conflicting [Link]: Felt bitterness or
Ans:The highwayman had a French cocked-hat on his forehead and a bunch of anger towards something or someone due to a perceived [Link]: of
lace at his chin. such excellence or beauty as to inspire admiration or awe.
3. Who was waiting at the window when the highwayman whistled a tune? Back Questions
B. Answer these questions.
Answer:The landlord's black-eyed daughter, Bess, was waiting at the window 1. What was Urquhart's constant fear and how did he try to drive it out of his
when the highwayman whistled a tune. mind?
____________________________________________________________ Ans:When Urquhart's birthday approached, he lived in constant fear that his
Thoughtful boys make thoughtful man friends and relations would send him the wrong birthday presents. He tried to drive
Summary : it out of his mind by dropping them broad hints, as to the kind of presents he would
like to have, if they happened to remember the occasion. In this way, he also frowned at him, as if he had stolen their delicious cake. Cocky Jones went one
reminded all of them of his approaching birthday. step further. He kicked Urquhart and ran away.

2. 'He worked his people differently, according to the relationship that 7. Why did Urquhart have a tiff with Secundus over the book?
existed between him and them.' How did Urquhart adopt different tactics with Ans: Secundus had showed his interest in the book, saying it might be worth a
his mother and the elderly lady? shilling. He took the book to bedto make sure of its worth. Urquhart felt that the
Ans: book was as good as bought. When Secundus returned the book the next day,
Urquhart adopted different tactics with his mother and the elderly lady. He simply Urquhart accused him of reading it by peeping between the pages as its pages
wrote to his mother that he wanted a fishing rod as his birthday present. He wrote were still uncut. Secundus denied the charge,but he had left a thumb print on a
to the elderly lady informing her that his birthday happened to fall on the following page. That's why there's a tiff between the two friends.
Monday, and he wondered if someone would send him a cake, like the ones she 8. What did Jenkinson do with Thoughtful Boys Make Thoughtful Men after
used to bake beautifully. buying it?
Ans: After buying Thoughtful Boys Make Thoughtful Men', Dicky Jenkinson read
3. How did Urquhart's reply to the elderly lady backfire? several chapters of it. Then he offered it for sale at a cheap price to anyone who
Ans: In response to Urquhart's first letter, the elderly lady wrote that she hoped he wanted to become a thoughtful boy. Since no one came forward to buy the book,
was working hard She did not mention the cake. He felt encouraged by her reply he donated it to the school library.
and tried to impress her. Hewrote that he was working very diligently, and that he
felt there was no greater pleasure in life than [Link] strategy backfired badly, C. Read the extracts and answer the questions briefly.
as the elderly lady sent Urquhart a book of biographies entitled "Thoughtful Boys 1. One of the most pitiful cases of toadyism known to me was witnessed that
Make Thoughtful Men', instead of the cake he and his friends were anxiously very day.
waiting for. a. What do you understand by 'toadyism'?
4. Urquhart was certain the old lady would send him a present. How did he b. Where was it witnessed?
make this clear? c. How was toadyism displayed?
Ans:Urquhart was certain that the old lady would send him a present because she Ans:
had replied to his letter. He took his friend Fleming Secundus to a pastry cook's a. Toadyism' means sycophancy or flattery of a person from whom one expects a
and a local confectioner's [Link] showing Secundus two of the most attractive favour.
cakes Urquhart said that the one he expected to receive from the old lady would be b. It was witnessed in the football field where the boys were playing in a school
much better than those. match.
5. How did Urquhart compare the cake he was expecting to the cakes he saw [Link] and Cocky Jones were playing for the same side in a school football
in the shops? match. While playing, Urquhart's shoelace came loose, and he stopped to tie it.
Ans: Urquhart told Secundus that if the two beautiful cakes he had seen at the Suddenly, Cocky offered to tie it for Urquhart asking him to allow him to do it.
local confectioners' were. rolled into one, they wouldn't come within five miles of 2. By twelve he looked fierce, as if he meant to write to his benefactress, and
the cake he would receive on his birthday. from the elderly lady. give her a piece of his mind.
6. How did the attitude of Urquhart's friends change when they learnt that he
had received a book rather than the delicious cake they had been waiting a. Who is the benefactress?
for? b. To give someone 'a piece of your mind' is to speak angrily to them
Ans: When Urquhart's friends learnt that he had received a book rather than the because they have done something wrong/give them some advice.
delicious cake they had been waiting for, each one of them reacted differently. c. Did Urquhart give her a piece of his mind?
Secundus stopped talking to him. Williamson, Green, Robbins, Tosh and others Ans. a. The elderly lady, who had sent an improving book to Urquhart is being
referred to as the benefactress.
b. To give someone 'a piece of your mind is to speak angrily to them because they Ans: One day, Cocky Jones went up to Urquhart with one shilling for the book.
have done something wrong. Urquhart wanted to keep the money and give the book later in the day but Cocky
c. No, Urquhart did not give her a piece of his mind. Instead, he thanked her for the insisted on taking the book immediately. Urquhart later found out that it was Dicky
book she had sent saying that this present was much better than the cake, as the Jenkinson who wanted the book and had paid a shilling and sixpence for it.
cake would soon be eaten up. The book, however, would help him in becoming a
thoughtful boy, who would eventually grow up into a thoughtful man. He did not Cocky Jones had seized the opportunity to make a profit of sixpence by buying the
give her a piece of his mind because he did not want to end the possibility of book for a shilling and selling it for a shilling and sixpence. Since he did not have a
receiving a birthday present from her the following year. shilling, Cocky had asked to borrow the money from Robbins. Robbins did not part
3. Urquhart was openly contemptuous of it, and there seemed a probability with the money till he found out why Cocky needed [Link], as soon as Cocky sold
of it only being used as a missile. the book to Jenkinson he spent his half of the profit in eating tarts.

a. What is it? Why was Urquhart contemptuous of it? 4. Why was Urquhart surprised at Jones' desire to be the possessor of an
b. To use something as a missile means to use it to threaten others/throw it improving book?
forcefully as a weapon.
Ans: a. "It' refers to the book Thoughtful Boys Make Thoughtful Men'. Urquhart What do you think an 'improving book' is about?
had been sure that he would receive a beautiful cake from the elderly lady. When Ans: Urquhart was surprised at Jones' desire to be the possessor of an improving
he got a book rather than a cake from her, he was disappointed. Further, it was an book because the latter was not the kind to read such books and was least
improving book rather than something like "A Boy Crusoe", so, he was expected to be interested in becoming a thoughtful boy. In fact, he had got the
contemptuous of it. name 'Cocky' for being very rude to teachers.
b. To use something as a missile means to throw it forcefully as a weapon. An improving book' is a book that can be read to improve oneself. In this
D. Think and answer. instance, it was a book of biographies that would help boys to become more
1. How did Urquhart react on receiving a present that was not what he was thoughtful and someday grow up to become thoughtful men.
expecting? 5. Was the elderly lady's purpose of sending the book entitled Thoughtful
Ans:On receiving an improving book rather than a lovely cake as birthday present, Boys Make Thoughtful Men to Urquhart achieved? Give reasons for your
Urquhart was extremely disappointed. On that day, in the Latin grammar class, he answer.
fumbled at every step. Then, he remained sulky and quiet for an hour, as if he had Ans: No, the elderly lady's purpose of sending the book entitled "Thoughtful Boys
been felled by an unexpected blow. When Cocky Jones kicked him and bolted, Make Thoughtful Men' to Urquhart was not achieved. On learning from the boy's
Urquhart didn't even chase him though he was stronger than [Link] a while, letter that he was interested in reading books, she sent him the book. She had
Urquhart seemed to lose his faith in humanity hoped that he would become a much better and thoughtful individual by reading it.
Instead, he first wanted to return it, then wanted to use it as a missile and finally
2. Urquhart was merely diplomatic in his letter of thanks to the elderly lady. dropped broad hints of it being a deeply interesting story so he could sell it for a
Who had suggested to him to be so and why? profit.
Ans:. Initially, Urquhart wanted to give a piece of his mind to the elderly lady. Then Urquhart almost came to blows with Cocky because he thought he had been
he wondered if he could return the book saying he already had a copy of it. swindled by the latter over the price of the book. Finally, the book ended up in the
However, heeding the request of his friend Fleming Secundus, Urquhart wrote a library, very clean, showing that nobody had taken any interest in it.
diplomatic letter thanking the lady for her present. Fleming had suggested that if
the elderly lady was bothered about the gift she sent this year she might not send Extra Questions
one the following year. 1.“ He was destitute of means, and he knew it would be mere folly to ask
Urquhart for credit”- a. What does it mean to be “destitute of means”?
3. How did Cocky Jones eventually purchase the book from Urquhart? b. Who was destitute of means in the story?
c. Why would asking Urquhart for credit be considered folly? c. After the purchase, Jenkinson read a few chapters and was not impressed. He
Ans: tried to sell the book but when nouyer turned up. he ultimately donated the book to
a)To be “destitute of means” means to have no money or resources. the school library.
b) in the story cocky Jones was the one who was destitute of means. [Link] did the misunderstanding about the book's selling price occur
c) Asking Urquhart for credit would be considered folly because Urquhart would between Cocky Jones and Urquhart?
most likely not believe or trust Cocky due to his mysterious and conniving nature.
Hence he would be unlikely to grant him credit. Ans: Cocky Jones initially negotiated with Urquhart and bought the book
"Thoughtful Boys Make Thoughtful Men" for a shilling. Urquhart was eager to make
2. “ Having made it up he and Urquhart then discussed the matter calmly in the sale and handed over the book once he received payment. However, a rum
a corner.”- reached Urquhart's ears that Cockad resold the book for a shilling and sixpence.
a)Who does ‘he’ refer to in this sentence and What was the disagreement This led to the belief that Cocky had deceived Urquhart by making a profit on the
about? book that he had initially bought for a lower price. This misunderstanding occurred
b)What do you think was the nature of the discussion between Urquhart and because Urquhart was not aware of Cocky's intention to resell the book at a higher
the other boy? price when he sold it to him.
Ans: 5. How did the elderly lady react to Urquhart's suggestive remarks about his
[Link] 'he' in this sentence refers to Fleming Secundus. The disagreement was birthday and her cakes?
about what to do concerning the book Urquhart received Thoughtful Boys Make Ans: The elderly lady did not send him a cake in response to Urquhart's suggestive
Thoughtful Men'- from the old lady instead of the cake he expected. He wasn't remarks about his birthday and her cakes. Instead, she expressed hope that he
happy with the book, and they were considering options such as returning the book was working hard without referring directly to his hints about his birthday and her
and formulating how to request a different gift. cakesis reaction,coupled with Urquhart's subsequent efforts to show his dedication
to studying, led the lady to send him a book instead, believing that he was
b. The nature of the discussion between Urquhart and Secundus likely included maturing and would appreciate it.
devising strategies to handle the 'book- Instead-of-cake' situation, they were [Link] was the ultimate fate of the book, Thoughtful Boys Make Thoughtful
suggesting different ideas, such as expressing that Urquhart already had a copy of Men, after it was presented to the school library?
the book or that he would prefer a cake. Ans: The ultimate fate of the book, Thoughtful Boys Make Thoughtful Men, after it
3. “Thus frightened, Jenkinson bought the book.”- was presented to the school library was that it remained in good condition, with a
a. Who frightened Jenkinson and why? visitor remarking on how clean it was.
b. What was the book that Jenkinson bought. and how much did he pay for [Link] did Urquhart manipulate his friends with the misinformation about his
it? expected birthday present?
c. What happened to the book after Jenkinson bought it?
Ans: Ans:Urquhart deceived his friends, claiming an elderly lady intended to send him
a. Robbins frighterved Jekinson into keeping to his bargain toy the book. Robbins an impressive cake for his birthday. He built excitement by showing friends cakes
had a vested interest in this transaction as he had lent Cocky the money to buy the in shops, admitting his gift would be superior. This false information made Urquhart
book from Urquhart in the first place, with the agreement that he would get a share popular, and his friends animated the tasty treat. When Urquhart received a book,
of the profit. not a cake, his friends felt deceived. Later, Urquhart exploited the situation further.
schemina to sell the book for personal gain.
b. Jenkinson bought the book titled Thoughtful Boys Make Thoughtful Men' which 8. How did Cocky Jones profit from the selling of the book Thoughtful Boys
originally belonged to Urquhart. He paid ‘one shilling and sixpence’ for it, which Make Thoughtful Men?
was a profitable deal for Cocky and Robbins. Ans: Cocky Jones first bought the book
Thoughtful Boys Make Thoughtful Men from Urquhart for a shilling. However, Irony:
before making the purchase, he heard a rumour that another schoolmate, Dicky The poem makes use of irony to emphasize the senselessness and waste of war.
Jenkinson, had expressed willingness to pay one shilling and sixpence for Poetic Devices
Urquhart's copy of the same book. Seeing an opportunity to make a profit, Cocky In the charge of light brigade Alfred Lord Tennyson uses various poetic devices to
proceeded to buy the book from Urquhart for a shilling and men resold it to enhance the impact of the poem and convey the intensity of the battle scene.
Jenkinson for one shilling and sixpence, thereby making a profit of sixpence. [Link]: here the poet repeats certain lines and faces throughout the poem to
[Link] did Urquhart hint at his preferred birthday gift to his mother and his emphasize the relentless nature of the poem.
uncle? “ Half a league,half a league”, “ canon to right of them canon to left of them”.
Ans: Urquhart hinted at his desired birthday gifts in different ways, based on his [Link]:
relationship with each recipient. To his mother, he simply wrote, "A fishing rod is Hear the poet uses and a khuda with the phrase like “their’s not to….” and “canon
what I want," straightforwardly indicating what he wished for. However, to his uncle, to write of them canon to left of them”.
his approach was more complex and suggestive. He wrote, "By the way, next 3. Alliteration:
Monday week is my birthday, and my mother is going to send me a fishing rod. The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words in close proximity.
Wouldn't it be jolly Kotten if anybody else sent me a fishing rod?" implying that he “Valley of Death”, “ World Wondered”.
did not want a duplicate gift from his uncle. 4. Assonance:
[Link] type of books did the elderly lady typically purchase, according to The repetition of vowel sound in nearby words.
Urquhart and Secundus's conversation? Example: ‘ rode’ and ‘ onward’ or ‘ sabres’ and ‘bare’.
Ans: 5. Simile: In this poem , the poet compares the soldiers charge into the battle to
The elderly lady typically purchased improving books, according to Urquhart and entering the jaws of death and the mouth of hell.
Secundus's conversation. [Link]:
____________________________________________________________ Giving human like qualities to non human entities or objects. In this poem death
The Charge of the Light Brigade and hell are personified as having a mouth and jaws respectively.
Summary: 7. Hyperbole:
The poem "The Charge of the Light Brigade" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, recounts The use of exaggeration to emphasize a point. The repeated reference to all the
the tragic and heroic events of the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. The world wanted serves as a hyperbole to emphasize the ore and astonishment at the
battle took place on October 25, 1854, between British and Russian forces. The bravery of the light brigade.
poem tells the story of a British cavalry unit, the Light Brigade, consisting of 600 8. Enjambment:
men who were ordered to chage into a valley surrounded by Rusan cannons. When a sentence or phrase continues on to the next line without a pause. The
The poem begins with the famous lines "half a league, half a league, half a league technique helps create a sense of urgency and momentum in the poem. For
onward," indicating the distance the Light Brigade had to cover to reach the example, “into the valley of death/rode the six hundred”.
Russian cannons. As the soldiers rode into the "valley of Deaths”.The poem 9. Rhyme: The poem uses a consistent rhyme scheme ( AABCCB) throughout it's
emphasizes that it was not their place to question or reason why, but only to do six stanzas, which helps reinforce the poems rhythm and contributes to its overall
and die. musicality.
As the Light Brigade charged, they were met with cannon fire from all sides, yet Vocabulary:
they brav Pode [Link] poem describes the soldiers' sabers flashing as they struck Word Meaning
down the Russian gunners and caused chaos among the Russian and Cossack League: a measure of distance
forces. Valley: low area of land between hills or mountains
Theme: Dismayed: to be filled with shock fear or worry
•War and it's consequences •Heroism and sacrifice •Duty and honour Blundered: made a careless or serious mistake
•Patriotism and nationalism •Leadership and responsibility Reason why: to understand or explain the cause or purpose.
Volleyed: assignment discharge of weapons like canons or guns. b. The soldiers new someone had blended. How do they response to this
Thundered: made allowed blooming sound like thunder. realisation and what does this say about their dedication and courage?
Shell: a projectile containing explosives shot from canons. c. What are the poetic devices used in this stanza?
Boldly: fearlessly or courageously. d. How does the use of imagery in phrases such as “canons to the write of
Mouth of hell: hamen to follicle description of a place of extreme danger or them canons to left of them canons in front of them” help to create a vivid
horror. picture of brigades deadly predicament?
Cannon: alerts heavy gun used in warfare. Ans:
Brigade: group of soldiers or, military units. a.
Extra Questions The theme of duty and obedience is demonstrated by the soldiers' dedication to
Reference to the context: follow the order to charge,even though they knew it was a disasters mistake.
1. b. Upon the realisation the blunder,the soldiers did not question or dispute. Instead
“ Half a league, half a league,... they obaid the orders. This highlights their bravery and unyielding adherence to
Rode the six hundred”- duty.
[Link] does the term ‘ half a league’ indicate about the distance the light c. Tennyson uses repetition in phrases like “half a league” and “the six hundred” to
Brigade had to travel? stress the grim challenge. The soldiers' predicament is metaphorically referred to
[Link] does the poet repeatedly use the phrase “ valley of death”? What as ‘the value of death’.
symbolic meaning could this have? The canons are personified as anemies at every direction:
c. What comment does the leader of the light Brigade give and what does “Canons to right of them
this reveal about his role and responsibility? cannons to left of them
d. How many times is the number “ six hundred”mentioned in the poem and canons in front of them” intensifying the poems dramatic atmosphere.
what is its significance? d. The imagery in phrases such as “Cannes to the right of them, canons to the left
Ans: of them, canons in front of them” paints a vivid picture of the brigade’s deadly
a. predicament, surrounded on all sides underlining the gravity of their situation.
The term half a league refers to a distance of approximately 2.4 km. This 3. “Half a league, half a league,...
significant distance that the light Brigade had to ride emphasizes the long and Rode the six hundred”-
dangerous journey they had to embark on, heading straight towards the enemies a. How does the poet portray the concept of heroism in the poem?
artillery fire. b. The poem was based on a real historical event. How does the poets
b. The phrase “ valley of death” is repeatedly used as a metaphor for the severe perspective on this event translate in his work?
danger the soldier faced riding into the heart of the enemies gunfire. c. How does Tennyson portray the theme of war and its effect in this poem?
c. The leader of the light Brigade gives the command “forward,the light Brigade d. “Their’s not to reason why,
charge for the guns!”, this indicates his role as the commander who sends them Their's but to do and die.”- discuss the implication of this lines in regard to
into the midst of death despite knowing the risks. the military hierarchy and soldiers duty.
d. The number “ six hundred”is mentioned repeatedly throughout the poem, which Ans:
signifies the strength of the light Brigade and also indicates the number of soldiers a. The concept of heroism is portrayed through the soldiers' willingness to obey
who bravely rode into the battle and risked their lives. orders without question, their phenomenal bravery and their readiness to die in
2. “Half a league, half a league,..... service of their duty.
Rode the six hundred.” b. Tennyson's perspective on the historical event conveys the heroic sacrifice
a. What is the poems theme of duty and obedience? How does it manifest the made by the soldiers despi a command being a blunder, emphasizing their
soldiers commitment to their roles? unwavering obedience and courage.
c. Tennyson portrays the theme of war as a destructive and brutal act where lives [Link] enemy forces attacked the brigade by volleying and thundering the cannons,
are lost, highlighting the senseless and tragic elements of war. and the men were stormed at with shots and shells.
[Link] lines "Theirs not reason why./ Theirs but to do and die" convey the soldier's [Link] brigade responded to this attack by riding boldly and well, indicating their
unfaltering duty and obedience to their command, illustrating the rigid hierarchy in bravery and resilience.
the military, where the role of the soldier is not to question, but to carry out orders, c. The poem metaphorically states that the brigade rode into the jaws of Death and
even if it leads to their death. Into the mouth of hell, symbolizing the extreme danger and near-certain death they
4. “Forward, the Light Brigade!" faced.
……Death Rode the six hundred.”- [Link] the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of hell" might metaphorically represent
[Link] to the poem, what was the soldiers' sole duty? their certain doom and the suicidal nature of the charge they were ordered to carry
b. What repetition is used in this excerpt and what is its effect? out.
[Link] does Alfred, Lord Tennyson use imagery in this excerpt? [Link] poet loudly lauds the bravery of the brigade, implying that despite being
d. How does the poem depict the idea of courage? stormed at with shots and shells, they boldly rode into the face of certain death,
e. How does the poem comment on authority and obedience with respect to showcasing their unwavering courage and commitment to their duty.
military hierarchy? ____________________________________________________________
Ans: Lament in 1915
a. According to the poem, the soldiers' sole duty was to act and die, not to question By Harold Monro
or dispute the orders they had been given. Summary:
b. The repetition of the phrase "Theirs not" emphasizes the unquestioning ‘Lament in 1915’ is a poignant poem by Harold Monro that displays the Grief and
obedience that is expected of the soldiers. longing experienced by the speaker, presumably Monro himself,for a friend who fell
[Link], Lord Tennyson uses imagery throughout the excerpt to create vivid and in battle during the war. The speaker repeatedly calls for his friend's return,
emotional scenes. For example, by referring to the battlefield as the "valley of denouncing the enemy who killed him and wishing fervently for a reunion filled with
Death," he conjures up an image of a dark and terrifying place where life is laughter and shared stories.
extinguished. The speaker attempts to trivialize the friend's injuries, referring to the fatal gunshot
[Link] poem depicts the idea of courage through the soldiers' unwavering wound as a "little hole" and a "tumble." By portraying the fatal event in such a
determination to follow orders and face death head-on, despite knowing the risks. manner, the speaker is desperately trying to overcome the reality of his friend's
[Link] poem comments on authority and obedience by highlighting the death.
unquestioning discipline of soldiers in a military hierarchy. No matter the quality or As the poem progresses, the speaker recalls his friend's unique manner of falling
the dire consequences of their orders, the soldiers in the poem feel obligated to or getting injured, once again highlighting his distinctive traits. He contemplates the
fulfil them without question. This reflects a theme of conditioned obedience and its feeling one would have when they are on the verge of death.
tragic consequences. Wrapping up on a desperate note, the speaker implores his friend to respond,
5. “Cannon to right of them,..... regardless of the 'black partition' of death separating them.
Rode the six hundred.”- Overall, "Lament in 1915" is a deeply emotional and touching exploration of grief,
[Link] did the enemy forces attack the brigade? loss, denial, and longing for a dear friend who lost his life in war.
b. How did the brigade respond to this attack? Theme:
[Link] does the poem say the brigade rode into? •Grief and Loss •Denial and Longing •Reflection on Death and the Afterlife
d. What might "Into the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of hell" metaphorically •The Horrors of War
represent? Poetic Devices
[Link] does the poet describe the bravery of the brigade? Repetition: Monro uses repetition to emphasize the speaker's longing and
Ans: desperation. This can be seen in lines like 1 call you, and I call you' and
'Come!Come!Come!Come!’
2. Simile: The phrase 'A rifle dizzy in line ten of the poem uses simile to Ans:
demonstrate a comparison between the sensation of being shot and feeling dizzy [Link] emotions the poet likely feels when calling the lonely creature to come home
from a rifle. are likely those of desperation, longing and sorrow over the loss of his friend.
3. Personification: The black partition' is personified, even though it is a non-living b. The poets characterization of the enemy as ‘a foreign clown’ shows a negative
entity. This brings a strong sense of barrier and separation between the speaker perspective and possibly a means to cope or distance himself from the brutal
and his lost friend. reality of war. It reflects the poet's resentment and anger towards the unidentified
4. Imagery: Powerful imagery is woven into the poem to paint vivid pictures and enemy.
evoke certain emotions or reactions. Phrases like 'plugged you with that lead', 'just c. The poet would want his friend to stand up and laugh again to reestablish the
a little hole, and the feeling in my side' generate strong images normality that was abruptly disrupted by the war. This also portrays a desire to
5. Metaphor: The 'black partition' is a metaphor for death that separates the living return to the joy and friendship they once shared.
from the dead, creating a barrier that seems impenetrable. d. The phrase is the poet's way of diminishing the severity of the situation. It
[Link]: Symbols are peppered throughout the poem to imbue the verse indicates the poet's denial about the fatal injury of his friend.
with deeper meanings, such as the 'doorbell' representing hope and the foreign 2. “Come ! We will laugh together all the night……..just a little pain”-
clown' symbolizing the enerny who caused his friend's death. a. What is the significance of the phrase “love together all the night”? How
Vocabulary does this express the poet’s longing for his lost friend?
Word Meaning b. How does the mention of “pouring a glass or two”enhance the poets
lament :a passionate expression of grief or sorrow. foreign clown: foreign soldier delusion of his friends survival?
plugged you with that lead: shot you (lead refers to a bullet) c. In the line “our mutual mirth will reach its height”. What does the expected
knocked you down: killed you ‘mirth’ indicate about the poet's state of mind?
wandering friend: soldier being sent from one place to another during a war d. The poet emergence his friends response to death as “oh nothing. Just a
mutual mirth: shared amusement a trifle: a little tumble”. How does this statement reflect the poets Daniel or coping
dizzy: feeling as if everything is turning round and that you may fall curious: mechanism?
strange Wandering: moving aimlessly. Mutual: shared or felt by both parties e. How does the line ‘I layout there too long, and I have still got, when I think
involved. Height: the pack or highest point of something. Tumble: to fall or move of it, just a little pain” symbolise the poets on emotional pain at the loss of
quickly and uncontrolledly his friend?
Dizzy: feeling light headed or unsteady. Peculiar: strange, unusual. Glide: to f. How does the hypothetical conversation the poet emergence with his
move smootty and effortlessly. Partition: dividing wall or barriers that separate deceased friend reveal about his struggle to come to terms with his friend’s
two areas. demise?
Ans:
Extra Questions [Link] phrase "laugh together all the night" reveals the poet's deep longing for the
1.I call you, and I call you….would: "It's just a little hole; It will soon mend." shared happiness and friendship experienced with his friend, emphasizing the
Walk now into the room. Come! Come! Come! Come!-” depth of loss he's facing
a. What emotions does the poet likely feel when they calling the “lonely
creature” to come home? b. Through the mention of 'pouring a glass or two, the poet enhances his delusion
b. How does the poets characterization of the enemy as a ‘foreign clown’ of his friend's survival by imagining a normal, familiar scenario that they used to
show his perspective? enjoy together.
c. Why would the poet want his friend to stand up and love again despite
being wounded? [Link] the poet says, "Our mutual mirth will reach its height," it indicates that he's
d. What does the phrase, “ it's just a little hole,it will soon mend”- mean in clinging to the hope and illusion of normalcy and shared happiness, showing his
the context of the poem? reluctance to accept his friend's death.
[Link] poet's imagination of his friend's esponse to death as "Oh nothing. Just a Animistic - relating to or characterized by the belief in the existence of spirits or
tumble reflects his denlal and his coping mechanism, additionally demonstrating souls in natural objects of phenomena. Fragrant: having a pleasant sweet
the comrades' shared tendency for understatement and stoicism in the face of smell. Incarceration - the state of being imprisoned or confined.
danger. Synonymous- closely associated with. Judicious- having showing or done with
e. The line "I lay out there too long, and I've still got, when I think of it, just a little good judgement or sense. Lurking- remaining hidden ready to ambush or attack
pain symbolizes the poet's own emotional pain and suffering from the absence and Predators: animals that naturally prey on [Link] - about to happen
death of his friend. Undulating - having a smoothly rising and falling form or outline. Monastery-
f. The hypothetical conversation that the poet imagines with his deceased friend building or complex of buildings occupied by a community of monks living under
reveals his desperate struggle to accept his friend's demise. It shows the poet's religious vows.
deep longing for his friend and his denial about the finality of death. Bounty- generous or abundant amount of something.
____________________________________________________________ Back Question
Baba Budan's Magic Beans A. Answer these questions.
From Mother Earth,Sister Seed, by Lathika George. 1. Where and by whom is coffee said to have been discovered?
[Link] is said to have been discovered by Kaidi, a goatherd of the nomadic
Summary: Galla tribe of Ethiopia, in the sixth century. It is said that he observed that the goats
This chapter talks about the traditional farming practices, agricultural communities who had chewed the berries stayed energetic for hours. He took the berries to a
and their co-existence with the natural world in the Coorg district of Karnataka, monastery close by. The monks made fun of him and threw the berries into the fire.
India, which is widely recognized for its coffee production. This geographical region When a rich aroma arose from the roasted berries, they quickdy salvaged the
has a rich history, connecting back to the nomadic Galla tribes of Ethiopia, who berries from the fire, ground them and then brewed them to produce the first cup of
discovered coffee beans in the sixth century. fragrant coffee.
Several driving trips through this district enabled the author to interact with the
local coffee estate workers and partake in community life. The author, during a 2. Who was Baba Budan? How did he bring coffee to India?
wedding ceremony, heard chaavu paatu, funeral poems sung in honour of the Ans: A seventeenth-century Indian pilgrim Hazrat Dada Hayat Mir Qalandar was
dead. Understanding these traditions and rituals associated with death provided also known as Baba Budan. When he stopped in Yemen on his return from Mecca,
the author a unique perspective into the way the Kodavas conducted themselves in he tasted coffee for the first time in his life at the port city of Mocha. He fell in love
life. with its taste and decided to take some beans to his homeland in India. Taking
Lastly, the author raises the uncertainty surrounding the origin of the coffee out of Yemen was strictly prohibited.
[Link] of these theories, their existence has maintained a unique 3. Where did Baba Budan plant the coffee beans?
culture that coexists with the earth in harmony and that is deeply rooted in their Ans: Baba Budan planted the coffee beans in the Chandragiri Hills in Karnataka.
respect for nature. The hills were later renamed Baba Budangiri.
Theme: 4. Which district is synonymous with India's best coffee? Why?
•Origins and Spread of Coffee Cultivation: Ans:Kodagu or Coorg district in the Brahmagiri Hills of Karnataka is synonymous
•The Kodava Community's Connection with Nature with India's best coffee. One-third of India's coffee produce comes from this district.
•Ecological Implications on Agriculture 5. How often do bamboos flower? What happens to the bamboos after they
•Importance of Rivers in the Agricultural Landscape flower?
•Uncertain Origins of the Kodava People Ans: Bamboos flower once every forty years, or twice in a century approximately.
Vocabulary After they flower profusely, they dry up and die within a few years. Once they
Word Meaning flower, their seeds drop and sprout abundantly in the undergrowth of dense forests.
The local tribal people sweep the area to collect the seeds known as bamboo rice.
Rats too come in for the feast.
6. What is the legend of Lopamudra turning into the river Kaveri? Ans: The Kodavas have different opinions and theories about their origin or
Ans: According to a legend, the sage Kavera Muni was once meditating in the ancestry. Some of them believe that they might have descended from Alexander's
Brahmagiri Hills. He prayed for a child, and Brahma answered his prayers by lost soldiers, while others think that their ancestors might have been traders from
granting him a daughter, Lopamudra. She was also known as Kaveri, Later, she Yemen. A third theory given by some of the Kodavas is that they could have been
married the sage Agastya on the condition that he would always be beside her. descendants of a group of Kurdish soldiers in Alexander's army. Perhaps, those
One day, as the sage went to bathe, he put Kaveri in a water-pot. soldiers had eventually decided to settle in the highlands of Coorg.
B. Read the extract and answer the questions briefly. Extra Questions
“As the story goes, when Kaldi, ……discovery, irritably throwing them into [Link] Dada Hayat Mir Qalandar, a pilgrim also known as Baba Budan,
the fire.” smuggled seven coffee beans out of Yemen and later planted them in the
a. Which tribe did Kaldi belong to? Chandragiri Hills."
b. What did Kaldi discover? a. What is Hazrat Dada Hayat Mir Qalandar also known as?
c. Did the monk let the berries burn? Why or why not? b. Why did Baba Budan smuggle seven coffee beans out of Yemen?
d. Where were the coffee berries first discovered? c. Where did Baba Budan plant the smuggled coffee beans in India?
Ans: a. Kaldi belonged to the nomadic Galla tribe of Ethiopia. d. What significant role did Baba Budan play in the coffee cultivation in
b. Kaldi discovered coffee. India?
c. No, the monk did not let the berries burn. Scoffing at Kaldi's discovery, when he Ans:
threw the berries into the fire, a wonderful aroma arose from the roasted berries. [Link] Dada Hayat Mir Qalandar is also nown as Baba Budan.
So, he and Kaidi took the berries out of the fire, powdered and brewed them to b. Baba Budan smuggled seven coffee beans out of Yemen because he wanted to
produce the first cup of fragrant coffee in human history. Introduce coffee to his homeland, India.
d. The coffee berries were first discovered in Ethiopia.
C. Think and answer. c. Baba Budan planted the smuggled coffee beans in the Chandragiri Hills in
1. How does the author explain the adage, 'When the bamboos die, there will Karnataka, India.
be a famine in the land'? d. Baba Budan played a significant role in coffee cultivation in India by being the
Ans: The author had heard several coffee planters of Coorg repeat the adage, first person to Introduce coffee to the country. He planted the smuggled beans in
'When the bamboos die, there will be a famine in the land. The author explains this the Chandragiri Hills, which gave birth to coffee cultivation in India.
adage to the readers very clearly. Bamboos flower once every forty years, 2. "The Kodava clans in Kodagu, or Coorg, grow a third of India's coffee. The
Bamboos die a few years after they flower. After flowering they also shed much Kodavas are an animistic people who have always worshipped the element
more seeds than [Link] bamboos die there are no seeds left to eat of nature."
sorodentsplunder grains in the fields and in granaries.
2. They don't know they are all an integral part of farming life. a. Who are the major coffee growers in Kodagu or Coorg?
a. Who are 'they'? b. In which Indian district is a large part of the country's coffee grown?
b. How are they an integral part of farming life? c. What cultural belief system do the Kodavas follow?
Ans: They refers to the various animals like snakes, mongooses, wild boars and d. How does nature play a significant role in the lives of the Kodavas?
tigers. The rats that destroy the crops are kept in check by the snakes. The Ans: [Link] major coffee growers in Kodagu or org are the Kodava clans.
mongooses that move around in the undergrowth are natural predators of the b. A large part of India's coffee is grown in the district of Kedagu or Coörg.
snakes. In turn, wild boars and tigers that stay deep in the forests find the c. The Kodavas follow an animistic belief system.
mongooses quite delicious. in this way, all these animals are an integral part of d. Nature plays a significant role in the lives of the Kodavas as they have always
farming life. worshipped the element of nature, visibly shown in their agricultural traditions,
3. What do the Kodavas say about their ancestry? which are celebrated with ritual, song, and dance. As a practical community, they
believe in enjoying this life while taking care of the earth that sustains them.
Moreover, they respect rivers like Kaveri, using its holy water in their ceremonies card clubs and had recently won a significant amount of money in a game.
and rituals and expressing gratitude to it for being a lifeline in their land. Inspector Lestrade shares his findings, stating that Adair was found dead in his
3."The life and culture of the Kodavas, ……..caring for the earth." locked room with a bullet through his head.
a. What is a unique practice observed during The focus then shifts to Dr. Watson, who encounters a peculiar old man with
a Kodava funeral? deformed features carrying books outside Adair's house.
b. What principle does the Kodava community live by? bimes then tells Watson about his scape from Moriarty, his observation of
c. How did the author come to know about the chaavu paatu? Moriarty's confederate on the cliff, and his subsequent hiding on a ledge where he
observed the search for his body.
d. What does chaavu paatu tell us about the Kodava community's view of life The chapter concludes with Holmes and Watson embarking on a secret mission.
and death? They arrive at an empty house opposite their former rooms in Baker Street, where
Ans Holmes reveals that Moriarty's men are currently surveilling his old residence.
[Link] a Kodava funeral, a unique practice observed is the singing of the chaavu Holmes strategically places the wax figure in the window to deceive his enemies
paatu, or funeral poems. while he and Watson hide in the dark. Holmes and Watson apprehend Moran with
b. The Kodava community lives by the principle of Iving life to the fullest while also the help of Inspector Lestrade, who had been waiting outside.
caring for the earth. The chapter ends with Watson expressing his relief that Moran has been caught
c. The author came to know about the chaavu paatu during a Kodava wedding. and that Holmes can continue his adventures as a detective.
d. The chaavu paatu are indicative of the Kodava community's ethos - their Theme:
conviction that there is no better life than this one, and that they should live life to •Crime and Justice •Deception and Illusion
the fullest while caring for the earth that sustains them. They view death not as an •Loyalty and Friendship •Manipulation and Strategy •Revenge and
end but as a continuation of their connection to the earth. Consequences
[Link] did the Coorg district in Karnataka become known for its coffee •Dedication and Perseverance •Appearance vs Reality •Gambling and
production? Addiction •Intellectual Superiority •The Power of Observation
Ans:The Coorg district in Karnataka became known for its coffee production due to Word Meaning:
a pilgrimage by Hazrat Dada Hayat Mir Qalandar, also known as Baba Budan, in Verdict: a decision or judgement made by a judge.
the seventeenth century. He tasted his first cup of coffee in the port city of Mocha Deformed: happy physical deficient or abnormality.
in Yemen and wanted to take the magic beans back to his homeland in India. Confiscated: to take someone's property.
Despite the strict rules against coffee beans leaving Yemen unless they had been Creaking: making a high pitched sound when being moved or turned
rendered unfit for germination. Baba Budan risked it all to smuggle seven beans. Gibes: taunting or mocking remarks
He planted them in the Chandragiri Hills (now Baba Budangiri) in Karnataka. Foul play: designist or unethical actions.
Plentifully: large amounts or quantities.
Today, a third of India's coffee is produced by the Kodva clans in Kodagu, or Arch- enemy: a person or entity that is the main rival or enemy.
Coorg, a district in the Brahmagiri Hills of Karnataka, making it synonymous with Stakes: the amount of money
some of India's best coffee. Obligation: model aur legal duty to do something.
____________________________________________________________ Strained: affected by tension or pressure
The Adventure of the Empty House Hesitatingly: with hesitation or uncertainty.
By Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Back Questions
Summary: 1. Why did Inspector Lestrade conclude that Ronald Adair had not committed
In this chapter, the scene is set in a courtroom where the murder case of Ronald suicide?
Adair, the son of the Earl of Maynooth, is being presented. Lady Maynooth and
Colonel Moran provide their testimonies, revealing that Adair was a member of
Ans: Inspector Lestrade concluded that Ronald Adair had not committed suicide Ans: The small surprise that Colonel Moran had for Sherlock Holmes was that he
because he had no reason to do so, and no weapon was found in his roomwhich had not expected Moran to operate from the empty Camden House. Instead, he
was locked from the inside. thought that Colonel Moran would be operating from the street and get caught by
Inspector Lestrade and his men waiting for him there.
2. Why had Sherlock Holmes allowed his friend Watson to believe that he D. Read the extracts and answer the questions briefly.
was dead? Why did he tell his brother that he was alive? 1. "While he was fond of cards, he never played for such stakes as would
Ans: Sherlock Holmes had allowed his friend Watson to believe that he was dead hurt him."
because he wanted the whole world to be convinced that he was dead. Watson a. Who said this? b. Who is 'he'?
wrote a convincing account of Holmes' death. Holmes told his brother that he was c. The word 'stakes' means risks/the money that a player has for gambling.
alive because he needed money to survive. Ans:
3. Why had Ronald Adair shut the door to his room before he was murdered? 1. a. Colonel Sebastian Moran said this.
Ans: Ronald Adair had shut the door to his room because he was calculating how [Link] was Ronald Adair, the second son of the Earl of Maynooth.
much money he should return to people who had lost to him and his partner c. The word 'stakes' means the money that a player has for gambling.
Colonel Moran. He had found that Colonel Moran cheated at cards. He feared that 2. "The victim belonged to a well-to-do family and had not been in strained
his mother and his sister might come into the room and ask him what he was doing circumstances."
with the names of people and piles of coins. a. Who said this and why?
4. Why did Colonel Sebastian Moran murder Ronald Adair? b. Who is the victim?
Ans: Ronald had found out that Colonel Moran used to cheat at cards Adair had Ans:2. a. Inspector Lestrade of Scotland Yard said this to the judge to rule out the
threatened to expose Colonel Moran unless he resigned his membership of the possibility that Ronald Adair might have committed suicide.
club and promised never to play cards again. Colonel Moran would have been b. The victim was Ronald Adair, the second son of the Earl of Maynooth. Adair was
ruined financially, so he murdered Ronald Adair. found murdered at his home on the night of March 30, 1894.
5. Why did Sherlock Holmes place a bust of wax that looked like him at his 3. "With five volumes you could just fill that gap on that second shelf."
window? a. Who said this?
Ans: Sherlock Holmes placed a bust of wax that looked like him at his window to b. Who is being addressed?
deceive the three men of Professor Moriarty, who knew that Holmes was alive and c. Why was it said?
wanted to kill him. It was a trap set for them by Sherlock Holmes. Colonel Moran d. What happened after this?
fell into that trap. He came to Camden House to fire a shot at Holmes without Ans:
realising that he would be shooting at Holmes' wax bust. . 3.a. Sherlock Holmes, disguised as an elderly, deformed man carrying several
6. Holmes said, "Journeys end in lovers' meetings, as the old play says." books, said this.
When had Holmes encountered Colonel Moran before this? b. Dr. John Watson, friend and biographer of the celebrated detective Sherlock
Ans: Holmes had encountered Colonel Moran Just after the tussle with Professor Holmes, is being addressed.
Moriarty on the pathway along the edge of the cliff, just above the Reichenbach c. The elderly man with books said that to make Dr Watson look at the bookshelf
Falls. When Moriarty attacked Holmes, lost his balance and eventually fell into the and start arranging the books.
Reichenbach Falls, a confederate of Moriarty had kept guard. After seeing his d. After diverting the attention of Dr Watson towards the bookshelf, the book
master die, this person had sent two rocks rolling down towards Sherlock Holmes collector removed his wig and revealed himself as Sherlock Holmes. The whole
to kill him. Colonel Sebastian Moran was that confederate. world, including Dr Watson, had believed that Sherlock Holmes had died by falling
into the Reichenbach Falls with Professor Moriarty
7. "I confess that you had one small surprise for me." What was the 'small 4. "This empty house is my tree, and you are my tiger. The parallel is exact."
surprise? a. Here, the word 'parallel' means side by side with the same distance
between two things continuously/a thing or circumstance similar to another.
b. How was the parallel exact? decisions quickly, his patience and determination to wait for the right moment, and
Ans: finally, his fight for justice shine through the play.
4. a. Here, the word 'parallel' means a thing or circumstance similar to another. 4. Holmes once said, "The work is its own reward." How is this illustrated in
.b. Sherlock Holmes had set a trap to catch Colonel Sebastian Moran. As Moran the play? [Hint: Did he want to take the credit for solving the case?]
had been a renowned heavy-game shot, Holmes used the analogy of a hunt. A Ans: 4. Sherlock Holmes believed that the work was its own reward". This means
hunter sat on a tree waiting for a tiger, which would come attracted to the noise that he didn't solve cases for any recognition, reward or fame. When Inspector
made by a goat tied to the tree. The empty house with a convenient window was Lestrade told Colonel Moran that he was going to arrest him for the attempted
the tree where Holmes the hunter waited. A wax bust of Holmes at his room in murder of Mr Sherlock Holmes, Holmes quickly interrupted, saying he wouldn't
Baker Streetacted as the bait and Colonel Moran wasthe tiger to be caught. want to be involved in the matter at all. He added that the credit for arresting
E. Think and answer. Colonel Moran for killing Ronald Adair would totally go to the inspector. Then, he
went on to explain the colonel's motive for it, and how he had done it. The
1. A narrator recounts the events of a story. What does the narrator in this satisfaction of work done well was the reward for Mr Holmes.
play do? Tick() the correct answer. Extra Questions
a. tells the entire story Who was found murdered at his home in 'The Adventure of the Empty
b. takes us into the mind of characters and tells us their thoughts House'?
c. gives us the background information about a scene Ronald Adair, the second son of the Earl of Maynooth.
2. A dramatic event happens suddenly and is very noticeable and surprising. 2. What was found inside Ronald Adair's room after he was found murdered?
The reappearance of Sherlock Holmes is one such event. What makes it Inside, Ronald Adair was found dead, with a revolver bullet passing through his
dramatic? head, along with some money and a sheet of paper with figures and names of
Ans:2. The reappearance of Sherlock Holmes was a highly dramatic event some club friends.
because it happened when it was not at all expected, not even by his friend and 3. How did Sherlock Holmes explain his survival to Dr. Watson in 'The
biographer, Dr John Watson. The entire world believed that the celebrated Adventure of the Empty House'?
detective had died by falling into the Reichenbach Falls in Switzerland during a Holmes explained that he never fell into the Reichenbach Falls; instead, he hid on
tussie with his arch-enemy Professor Moriarty. Holmes' reappearance was made a ledge while Moriarty's confederate misled everyone into thinking he had
more dramatic because he had disguised himself as an elderly deformed book perished.
collector who first bumped into Dr Watson on a road, and then followed him into his 4 Who was the elderly, deformed man that Dr. Watson encountered and later
house. turned out to be?
The elderly and deformed man turned out to be Sherlock Holmes in disguise as a
3. Write a character sketch of Sherlock Holmes. Which events in the play book collector.
show his intelligence and ability to reason and make inferences? [Link] did Sherlock Holmes let everyone believe that he was dead after his
Ans: 3. Sherlock Holmes was asuccessful private detective. At the beginning of encounter with Professor Moriarty?
the play he is known to have been dead for a few years. He is so good at Holmes let everyone believe he was dead to deceive his enemies, thwart any
disguising himself that even his friend Dr. Watson does not recognise him till he revenge attempts, and allow them to make mistakes they otherwise wouldn't have
pulls off his disguise. if he were known to be alive.
Holmes explains to Dr Watson why he pretended to be dead. Holmes had finally ____________________________________________________________
returned and set a trap for Colonel Moran whose name had appeared in the case Writing Skill- Formal Letter and Informal Letter
of Ronal Adair. Holmes, however, did not take any credit for solving the case of the There are two types of letters:
death Ronald Adair and let Inspector Lestrade of Scotland Yard take all the 1. Informal Letters that include private or personal letters written to friends and
[Link] the play see Holmes' mind at work. His ability to reason and make relatives
 2. Formal Letters that include official letters, business letters, letters of application
and letters to the editor. Now the yearly round is over and Diwali is here once again. I wish you a very
Informal Letter happy Diwali in advance.
However, I wish you a very peaceful and safe Diwali as well. This is not an easy
[Link] a Friend-Taking Care Against Covid-19 Write a letter to your friend task. But we can at least make a beginning. I and my friends have decided to
Amit to be careful and take all measures to avoid the attack of Covid-19. You celebrate this Diwali without crackers. I request you to do the same. Your example
are Arvind at 6 Jawahar Nagar, Saharanpur. (150-200 words) may inspire others to do so.
Answer Noise and pollution are the two important products of these crackers. But this is not
6, Jawahar Nagar all. There is a great deal of the wastage of money on the crackers. The gases
Saharanpur irritate the eyes. The hazardous smoke sometimes causes blindness. Besides,
5 June, 2021 every year crackers claim many innocent lives as the hospital wards are full of
burnt patients who ultimately die, leaving Diwali "scar" for their family. Crackers
My dear Amit also take a heavy toll on the merchandise of worth crores of rupees. So please do
not waste money and protect the environment. Diwali without crackers is not only
I am very glad to learn about your passion and zeal for studies. However, you as safe but can also contribute a lot towards saving the environment.
well as any one else knows that to continue this zeal it is necessary to keep good
health. Corona or Covid-19 as it is often called, has appeared as a challenge to Yours affectionately
health. It is, therefore, essential to avoid it. Prevention is better than cure.
To prevent or to cure it, we have no medicine. We can prevent it by some simple Manisha/Himanshu
measures. Whenever you go out, you must wear a mask. Do not be close to 3. To a Friend/Rohant Inability to Visit limiter during the Vacation You are
anyone however dear. Do not shake hands but maintain a distance even while Rashmi / Rohan, living at 26, Chetna Apartments, Shri Aurobindo Colony,
talking. Use sanitizers and wash hands. Even when you are at home, wash your Calcutta. You are a member of the Literary Club of your school. Your club
hands every hour. Do not go out unless very necessary. Do not invite your friends has chalked out a plan for educating the illiterate adults in the area. Write in
for a gossip. Keep away from gatherings or parties. Last but not least, get yourself about 150-200 words letter to your friend Dolly/Deepak who is in Trivandrum,
vaccinated as soon as possible. hamsure these things will keep you healthy. I with that you being busy in this noble task will not be able to visit her/him during
love to have your reaction in this matter. the vacation.

Yours affectionately Answer

Arvind
26. Chetna Apartments Shri Aurobindo Colony Calcutta
2. Diwali without Crackers
10 April, 2021
Write a letter in about (150-200 words) to your friend Rajnikant/Meera
advising him) her to celebrate Diwali without crackers. Dear Dolly/Deepak
You are Manisha/Himanshu living at 43, Vigyan Vihar, Hissar. You may use
the notes given below and your own ideas. Thank you very much for inviting me to visit you during the vacation. I regret that it
Answer shall not be possible this time. You know that I am a member of the literary club of
43, Vigyan Vihar Hissar our school. It has decided to educate the illiterate adults of the area during the
10 March 2022 vacation. We have already made a plan for the same. You know this is a noble
My dear Meera/Rajnikant
task. Illiteracy is, indeed, a curse. If we help a bit to remove it, it shall be good. I am 3rd January, 2021
sure you'll be glad to know about it.
The Principal
However, I will certainly come to you as early as possible. The attraction is not only Faridabad
of visiting the historic city of Trivandrum. More than that, I want to spend some Vohra Public School
days in your company. Together, we shall go to all the important places in and Haryana
around Trivandrum. My intention is to taste local food and buy local handicraft.
When it happens, it will be my first visit to South India. I feel excited whenever I Respected Sir,
think about it. But as you know, to do one's bit for a noble cause is more important
than fulfilling a desire. With best wishes Sub:Maintenance of school toilets

Yours sincerely It is to bring to your kind notice that the school-toilets are very dirty. They stink
and we have to use them because there is no alternative. The taps are constantly
Rashmi/Rohan leaking. In fact it's difficult to stand there at all. I wish you could yourself see their
[Link] are Gurdeep living at 10 Gole Bagh, Amritsar. Write a letter to your cousin condition. In fact their bad condition forces many students to relieve themselves at
advising him to opt for the commerce stream in class XI. You must give reasons for the boundarywalls and other such places. The sweepers never seem to clean
your advice. (150-200 words) them. There are dirty remarks written all around in the toilet walls.
In these circumstances, we request you to look into the matter and do the needful.
2 You stayed with your friend, Karan, for a week in Shimla during the autumn Kindly get the toilets cleaned and painted afresh to give them a good look.
break. He made a very nice programme of sightseeing with you. All his family
members proved very hospitable. Write a letter of thanks in about 150-200 words Class VIII
mentioning a few memorable moments you enjoyed with him and his family. You Thanking you in anticipation
are Ajay/Anjali, living at 153, Subzi Mandi, Delhi. Yours obediently
Kamal/Kamala
3. Your father has sent you a watch as a present on your birthday, but it is not 2. To the District Magistrate about the Nuisance of Loudspeakers:
keeping correct time. Write a letter informing him of this fact and requesting him to You are Vivek Khanna, residing at 1160, Pantnagar, district Udhampur, Write
get it replaced. (150-200 words) a let You are Vivek Khasiat drawing his attention to the nuisance of
Formal Letter loudspeakers in locality.
[Link] OFFICERS REGARDING SCHOOL-MATTERS Answer
1160, Pantnagar Distt. Udhampur
To Principal about the Dirty Condition of School Toilets 15 November, 2020
To
You are Kamal/Kamala, a student of Vohra Public School, Faridabad, Haryana. The District Magistrate
The toilets of your school are very dirty. Write an application to your principal Udhampur, U.P.
drawing his attention and pointing out the foul smell emitting out of the toilets. Dear Sir
(CBSE)
Subject: Nuisance of loudspeakers
Answer
 With due respect and humble submission,Let me draw your attention to the Shivam/ Shivi
nuisance of noise pollution by loudspeakers. I would request you to take proper 1 You are Vipul/Umang of Lakshay Senior Sec. School, Mayur Vihar, Delhi,
action against it. studying in class X. Write an application to the Principal of your school requesting
A few years back, Pantnagar was a very quiet town. People in it felt proud of its him/her to hold pre-Board tests. Do not exceed 120 words.
calm surroundings. But of late the people seem to have forgotten the value of 2. The road that leads to your market is broken and full of potholes. Mosquitoes
peace. All through the day, loudspeakers play at a high pitch. When there is a and flies breed there. Write a letter in 100-120 words to the editor of a local
marriage or jagran, one can't sleep even during the night. newspaper drawing attention of the concerned authorities to get the road repaired.
The students can't study due to this noise pollution. You are P.V. Prabhu/ Prabha, 112, Aram Nagar, Delhi.
Kindly look into the matter personally and take suitable steps to give us some [Link] are Rahul, living at 15, Kavi Nagar, Ghaziabad. Write a letter to Pradeep
relief. Electronics, Ghaziabad, complaining that the washing machine, you bought from
Thanking You them last year, has started giving trouble. Request them to send a mechanic to
repair the washing machine.
Yours faithfully E-MAIL or e-mail
Vivek Khanna
(VIVEK KHANNA) What is e-mail?
3. You are Shivam/Shivi, residing at C-126, Vashistha enclave Ludhiana. You An e-mail is an electronic letter. It is sent through the internet. With the spread of
have read a report in magazine that there are 12 million child workers in the the internet, it has become very popular. In most cases, it has become the
country. Write a letter in about 120 words to the Editor, The Indian Express', preferred mail of communication.
giving your views on why child labour exists and how it can be abolished. SAMPLE 1. TO PRINCIPAL/TEACHER OF YOUR SCHOOL
Answer Imagine that you are Abhay/Abhilashaa, a student of Model School, Chandigarh.
C-126, Vashistha Enclave Ludhiana Write an e-mail to the Principal of your school requesting him to give you one
July 5, 2020 week's leave as your grandmother expired last night.
To Answer
The Editor Date: 3rd March, 2021
The Indian Express From: abhay10@[Link]
Chandigarh To: principalsrsecschool@[Link]
Subject: Request for Leave
Sir,
Sub.: Child labour Sir

According to a recent report in a magazine, there are 12 million child workers in the Kindly grant me leave for a week as I shall not be able to attend my classes. Today
country. It is a national problem but the national government doesn't think so. Apart I have got a telephonic message from my father in Kolkata that my grandmother
from lip-service and a law which is never implemented nothing has been done. died last night. He has asked me to reach Kolkata as soon as possible. The last
Some social organizations have been doing their bit but their efforts have not rites will be performed after three days. The train to Kolkata will take two days. The
produced desired results. The root of the problem is poverty. In a poor family every same time I have to spend in coming back. I must stay there at least for two days.
hand has to earn. So they cannot do without child labour. Merely not allowing the So, I require a week's leave from school.
children to work will not do. The government should look after their meals, clothing
and education. I assure you that on my return, I will make up the lost time with hard work and help
Yours truly from my friends. I shall be very grateful for your kind permission.
 The image of the Indian Railways is changing fast. After many new trains, we have
Yours obediently now the Gatimaan and the Humsafar Express which seem to be immensely
Abhay/Abhilasha attractive. But above them all the Prime Minister has promised the country the
2. You went to Jammu for a week to attend a wedding,however,due to unexpected bullet train which is expected to run at more than 300 kilometers an hour.
rains leading to landslide, all routes from Jammu have been closed indefinitely.
Send an e-mail to your class teacher explaining the situation; apologizing for While the common man is excited about the bullet train, many voices of important
missing the test and asking for extension of leave. people are heard against this idea. Their concern is not unfounded. The bullet train
Answer is going to be very costly. Ten trains can be made to run with the money required
Date: 21st August, 2020 for a bullet train.
From: ashu@[Link]
To: madansingh@[Link] Sir, is it right for a government who claims to work for the poor to waste so much
Subject: Extension of Leave money and resources on the bullet train? I wish the government of India to give a
second thought before spending the good money on the bullet train.
Respected Sir Yours truly
Konark
Most respectfully I wish to state that I came to Jammu for a week to attend a 1 Aman Singh writes an e-mail to the Principal of his school, Govt. Sr. Sec. School,
wedding. I was supposed to return after a week and to appear in the class test. I Durga Colony Agra, about its insanitary and poor conditions. He also requests to
reached here all right but immediately thereafter it started raining. It rained and take immediate steps to improve these conditions. Write an e-mail on his behalf in
rained. As a consequence, there occurred landslides. All the routes from Jammu minimum 120-150 words. Use an appropriate format.
back to my place stand closed indefinitely. There is no way out to reach Delhi. In 2 You are applying for a scholarship to be granted by the office of your father. Write
fact, the rains have caused untold sufferings to the people here in Jammu. Due to an e-mail to the Principal of your school requesting him to issue you a certificate of
this natural development I am unable to reach back. Also I don't know when the a bona fide student as well as recommending your case. You are Sharad/Sharada,
routes from Jammu shall open. In these circumstances I request you to kindly a student of Class X in Govt. Co-Ed School, Vasant Kunj, Delhi.
extend my leave and allow my absence from the test. I assure you that as and
when I arrive I shall write my test. I shall also keep in contact with you. 3. You placed an order for some books but the books you received, were torn and
Yours obediently of an older edition. Write an e-mail to the bookseller to replace your books.
Ashu _______________________________________________________
3. Much has been said and written about the arrival of the bullet train. Do you think
it's a good idea? Give your views on the subject in an e-mail to the editor of a
newspaper Answer

Date : October 14, 2020

From : konark29@[Link]
To :editorhindu@[Link]
Subject: The Bullet Train

Dear Sir