INTRODUCTION arcades were n’s Market] (110 AD)

administrative
A mixed-use building is a design that incorporates After 20 th century
offices of
multiple functions or uses within the same
Emperor
structure or development, such as residential, Trajan, and The rise of the automobile and
commercial, industrial, and entertainment spaces. the remains of telecommunication technologies
This type of urban design promotes diverse a library have in the 20th
activities and interactions in one location. been Century,m e a n t d i s p e r s i o n . S
excavated. prawl prevailed. However,
Mixed use as the population has incr
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND history is not e a s i n g l y migrated into cities
as young as over the past thirty years, the

HISTORY OF
most types of mixed-use building has
experienced a period of great
. buildings .Its
typology is not experimentation and rebirth. At
new; each period, KPF has been a

MIXED USE major contributor to the evolution

of the mixed-use building type.

BUILDING The completion of KPF’s 1989 900

Mixed
North
use development, the physically integrated combinatio
Michigan Avenue was one of the fi
n of residential,commercial, and sometimes
rst buildings on Magnificent Mile
industrial spaces, is not a new idea. One of the with a vertical, varied program
earliest known examples is Trajan's Market in . the building combines five
ancient Rome, built around 110 AD, which featured major uses: a shopping mall
both shops and apartments across multiple levels. Mixed use with Bloomingdales as an anchor
Mixed-use developments have evolved over time history is not tenant;
and now encompass various urban planning as young as
most types of
strategies designed to create vibrant,
buildings .Its
multifunctional spaces.
typology is not
The mixed-use typology is not new; one of the first new; one of
examples is Trajan's Market (110 AD) of ancient the first
Rome with both shops and apartments built in a multi- examples
level structure. Historians believe that the building's i s [ T r a j a
 design and and/or industrial uses. Mixed use is
planning a type of urban
concerned with development, urban design, urban
creating social planning and/or
life in cities . a zoning classification that blends
The multiple uses, such as residential,
concept is commercial, cultural, institutional,
commonly or entertainment, into one space,
A Four Seasons Hotel; office space in the referred to the where those functions are to some
development degree physically and functionally
OBJRCTIVE of a street, an integrated, and that provides

Enhance community engagement :by incorporating residential urban block or pedestrian connections.
units alongside commercial space ,these developments a building Mixed-use development may be
encourage residents to engage with local services. It leads to
which applied to a single building, a
increased foot traffic ,which benefit retailers and creates a
lively atmosphere that enhance the over all quality of life in thephysically and block or neighborhood, or in
area functionally zoning policy across an entire city
Optimize land use efficiency integrates or other administrative unit.
different uses Example of mixed use
By maximize the potential of a given site by combining
different uses in one location.i can reduce urban sprawl and in the same • The Wharf (Washington,
promote higher density living location. DC)

A mixed-use • Wilshire Grand

Promote sustainable development practice
Center (Los Angeles, CA)
building is any
By incorporate green building standards such as energy • Port
structure that
efficient systems sustainable material and design encourage Covington (Baltimore,
serves more MD)
walking or cycling over driving .
than one
• Brickell City
Create inclusive space for diverse population : it aim wind purpose by Center (Miami, FL)
range of demographic by providing various type of housing hosting a • City Point
option
combination of Brooklyn (Brooklyn, NY)
residential, • Lincoln Yards (Chicago,
commercial, IL)
WHAT IS MIXED USE ARCHITECTURE? retail, hotel,
parking,
The term ‘mixed use’ is largely based on the place-
medical,
making of the built form, which is an approach in urban
entertainment,
CONTEXT productivity, and buildings have a strong ability
and quality of to adapt to changing social and
➢ as part of smart growth planning strategies
life are also economic environments. When
➢ in traditional urban neighborhoods
increased with the COVID-19 pandemic hit, New
➢ In traditional suburbs
regards to York retailers located on long,
➢ greenfield developments
workplaces commercially oriented blocks
➢ the repurposing of shopping malls and
holding a suffered severely as they were no
intensification of development around them,
plethora of longer attracting an audience of
particularly as many shopping malls' retail sales,
amenities. passersby. By combining multiple
and ability to rent space to retailers, decrease as
Examples functions into one building or
part of the 2010s retail apocalypse
include gyms, development, mixed-use districts
➢ Transit-oriented development
restaurants, can build resiliency through their
➢ Older cities such as Chicago and San Francisco
bars, and ability to attract and maintain
have historic preservation policies that
shopping. visitors.
sometimes offer more flexibility for older
Mixed-use
buildings to be used for purposes other than
neighborhoods • Equity
what they were originally zoned for, with the
promote Due to the speculative nature of
aim of preserving historic architecture.
community largescale real estate
and developments, mega-mixed-use
BENEFIT
• Economic socialization projects often fall short on meeting
Mixed-use developments are home to significant through their equity and affordability goals.
employment and housing opportunities. Many of these bringing High-end residential, upscale
projects are already located in established downtown together of retail, and Class A office
districts, meaning that development of public transit employees, spaces appealing to high-profile
systems is incentivized in these regions. By taking visitors, and tenants are often prioritized due to
undervalued and underutilized land, often former heavy residents. their speculative potential.
industrial, developers can repurpose it to increase land
and property values. • Enviro • Financing
• Social nmenta Mixed-use buildings can be risky
This development pattern is centered around the idea of l given that there are multiple
“live, work, play,” transforming buildings and Mixed-use tenants residing in one
neighborhoods into multi-use entities. Efficiency, neighborhoods development. mixed-use
developments, as a catalyst for economic growth, may • Of ll conversion –
not serve their intended purpose if they simply shift fic residential and/or
economic activity, rather than create it. e/r office units added
esi (adjacent) to an
• Aesthetics de existing standalone
Mixed-use projects may be seen as disjointed from the nti shopping mall
surrounding environment. Designs that preserve local al • Retail district
character, histories, and charm are in conflict with those – retrofit – retrofitting of
that represent economic growth and modernity. Mixed- mu a suburban retail area
use projects are often at the center of this clash. lti- to a more village-like
fa appearance and mix of
mil uses
• Increased walkability
• Diversify your portfolio y • Live/work – residents
• Increased sustainability res can operate small
ide businesses on the
nti ground floor of the
TYPES OF COTEMPORARY MIXED USE al building where they
• Neighborhood commercial zoning – uni live
convenience goods and services, such ts • Studio/light
as convenience stores, permitted in wit industrial – residents
otherwise strictly residential areas hin may operate studios or
• Main Street residential/commercial – two off small workshops in the
to three-story buildings with residential ice building where they
units above and commercial units on the bui live.
ground floor facing the street ldi • Hotel/residence – mix
ng(
• Urban residential/commercial – multi- hotel space and high-
s) end multi-family
story residential buildings with commercial
• Sh residential
and civic uses on ground floor
op •
• Office convenience – office buildings with Parking structure with
pi ground-floor retail
small retail and service uses oriented to the
ng
office workers • Single-family detached
ma home district with
 standalone shopping center. rest can produce a lot of
aur garbage and obnoxious

DESIGN OF MIXED USE ant smells depending on the

to business. If there is a
NEED TO INCLUDE
livi nice dumpster out back,
• Flexibility
ng out of site and out of
• Complexity
• Facilities spa mind work well. Plus,
• Design; ventilation, lighting ce all of the open air
• Shafts
abo allows smells to
• Access Control
ve dissipate. But in a tight
is urban site, these areas
Mixed-use property design
par might be located under
guidelines
am or next to someone’s
• Building Height
oun living space.
• Building materials
• Uses distribution t. • Fitting into the
• Parking • T context of the existing
• Building parts
ras area – As mixed-use
• Safety constraints
h development trends
SOME OF CHALLENGES WHEN an toward larger scale
PLANNING A MIXED- USE d buildings, it is
ARCHITECTURE
sm important to be
• Security issues – Any time you have
ells cognizant of the
multiple users in a building you are going to
–R surrounding
have places that you would like one group to
etai architecture and scale.
have access but not others. For example, you
l • Parking – Oh, the
don’t want shoppers to have access to the
are ever-present parking
resident hallways above.
as debate! Though the
• Noise transfer – Keeping noise isolated
and hope with mixed-use
from one space to another is important.
rest development is to help
Though most residents do understand that
aur reduce the dependence
they are living in a busy city environment
ant on the automobile, not
means that it will be noisier than a suburban
s everyone has embraced
home, mitigating sound transfer from a noisy
 that mentality. Plus, you will most often lobbies, One-Bedroom Apartment
stairwells, and
have additional visitors who will need a
hallways play a Description: A single bedroom
place to park. key role in the having a separated bedroom, a
layout. They lounge, a kitchen, a bath Gives a
encourage little more privacy than a studio.
Mixed-use development must contend with:
residents to
• Extraordinary planning, management, political mingle and Average Size: 50 to 70m2 (538 to
753 square feet)
provide ways to
patience, capital resources and risk
reach
• Assembling land parcels Example Sizes: 8m x 7m (56m²) or
individual
10m x 6m (60m²)
• Inadequate capital planning apartments.

• Lacking knowledge of available public/private Two-Bedroom Apartment

APPARTMENT
benefits UNITS
Definition: These have one or two
• Maneuvering through zoning regulations separate bedrooms, a small living
Studio area, kitchen & 1 or 2 washrooms.
• Addressing environmental issues Apartment Best for families or roommates.
• Working with planning agencies What Is a Common Sizes: 70 – 100 m2
• Working with the community Studio: A (around 753 – 1,076 sq. ft.)
studio or
• Working with multiple development teams studio Illustrative Sizes: 10m by 8m
apartment is a (80m²) or 12m by 8m (96m²).
single open
Mixed use building unit space that Three-Bedroom Apartment
blends the
living room, A three-bedroom flat is an
bedroom, and apartment that has three individual
APPARTMENT USE BUILDING kitchen all bedrooms, a cozy living space,
together into kitchen and usually two
A residential building also known as an apartment building one room. It
bathrooms. In fact, it is perfect for
or multi-family dwelling, has the main purpose to house usually has its bigger families.
several families in separate units. This description delves own
into the architectural aspects of these structures looking at bathroom.
Common Sizes: 100–130 square
their features, design elements, and purposes: Main meter (1,076–1,399 square feet)
Features Multiple Living Spaces: Apartment buildings have Average
many units, which can be as few as a handful or as many as Sizes: 30-50 DIMENSIONS (examples): 12m x
dozens, based on the structure's size and layout. Common m2 (322-538 10m (120m²) or 14m x 9m
Facilities: Many apartment buildings offer shared facilities sq ft) (126m²).
like laundry rooms, gyms, lounges, and outdoor areas. These
features make life better for the people who live there. Up-
Dimensions: Penthouse
30m² (6m x
and-Down or Side-to-Side Layout: Apartment buildings can
5m) or 48m² About: A penthouse is a
spread out (low-rise buildings) or go up (high-rise
(8m x 6m) generously sized apartment that
buildings). Tall buildings often have elevators to help people
get to the upper floors. Public Spaces: Shared spaces like occupies the top floor of a
building, and typically includes stunning views, higher1. Office meters (approximately 5,382 to
ceilings and high-end finishes. Mobile homes can range Building 10,764 square feet). Example:
in size and design. 25 m x 40 m (1,000 m²).
Description:
These 2. Retail Store Description:
Standard Sizes: 100 to 300 m2 | 1,076 to 3,229 sf buildings are Areas aimed at the purpose of
specifically selling goods and or services to
Sample Sizes: 15m x 10m (150m²) or greater floor made for the consumers. These may be
plans per structure purpose of small shops to big shops and
housing everything in between. Typical
Loft Apartment companies Dimensions: Small retail shop:
and business 50 to 100 square meters
Note: Lofts are traditionally industrial-style spaces with professionals (approximately 538 to 1,076
high ceilings and open floor plans. They might include . Such square feet). Example: 10 m x
one or more bedrooms yet still keep a spacious open offices may 5 m (50 m²). Medium retail
space for living and dining. range from space: 100 to 300 square
small units to meters (approximately 1,076 to
Area: 70 to 150 m² (753 to 1615 square feet) bigger 3,229 square feet). Example:
corporate 20 m x 10 m (200 m²). Large
Sample sizes: 10m X 10m (100 m² ) or 12m X 12m buildings. retail store: 300 to 1,000 square
(144 m² ) Typical meters (approximately 3,229 to
Dimensions: 10,764 square feet). Example:
Duplex or Triplex 30 m x 20 m (600 m²).
Small Office:
Description: These are two (or three) level apartments. 50 to 100 3. Restaurant Description: This
They usually feature separate entrances and several square category represents
living spaces. meters commercial spaces allocated
(approximatefor food services and,
Standard Sizes: 100 to 200 m². ly 538 to depending on the
1,076 squareestablishment, include dining
feet). areas, kitchens, and storage
Example: 10 facilities. Typical Dimensions:
COMMERCIAL BUILDING m x 5 m (50 Small Café: 50 to 100 square
m²). meters (approximately 538 to
Commercial buildings are used 1,076 square feet). Example:
Medium
for commercial purposes, and include office Office: 100 to 10 m x 10 m (100 m²).
buildings, warehouses, and retail buildings 300 square Medium Restaurant : 100 –
(e.g. convenience stores, 'big box' stores, meters 300 square meters from the
and shopping malls). In urban locations, a (approximate region of 1,
commercial building may combine functions, such ly 1,076 to
as offices on levels 2–10, with retail on floor 1. When 3,229 square
space allocated to multiple functions is significant, feet).
these buildings can be called multi-use. Local Example: 15
authorities commonly maintain strict regulations m x 20 m
on commercial zoning, and have the authority to (300 m²).
designate any zoned area as such; a business must Large
be located in a commercial area or area zoned at least Office: 500 to
partially for commerce. 1,000 square
4. Storage Facility Description: Places that are a mixed-use building plays a
Retail retailenergy
critical role in optimizing stores, convenienc
primarily utilized for keeping and dispensing
efficiency, natural light, and supermarkets, sh
stores,
products. They generally have very high roofs occupant comfort. Here’s a
and lots of free space. Typical Dimensions: Small detailed overview from an
Storage Facility: 200 500 square meters Office orientation perspective,office buildings, serviced
including
(approx.. 2153 5382 square feet). E.g. 20m x metric dimensions where
applicable.
10m (200m²). Medium Storage Facility: 500 Healthcare medical centers, hospita
1500 square meters ( approx.. 5382 16146 ORENTATION
homes, clinics, dispensa
square feet). E.g. 30m x 20m (600m²). Big
Storage Facility: 1500 to 10000 square meters 1. Solar Orientationmultifamily housing build
Multifamily (apartments)
relying on approximations of 16146 to 107639
square feet. E.g. 100m x 100m (10 000m²). • Purpose: Maximize solar gain
Educational cram schools,
in winter and minimize it in schools, c
summer.
5. Commercial Building Description A • Orientation Guidelines:
Industrial factories,
o South-facing machine
facades:
commercial building is a large building where
Captureshops,
direct warehouses, wor
different shops, cafes, and entertainment are sunlight, beneficial for
provided, usually all in one complex. Typical residential areas and
common spaces.
Dimensions: A small commercial center:
Between 5001 to 10000 square meters (approx.
53820 to 107639 square feet). E.g. 100m x 50m Part of
(5000m²). A Modern commercial center : o North-facing facades:
mixed use Provide consistent,
Between 10000 to 30000 square meters in area indirect light, ideal for
building
(approx. 107639 to 322917 square feet). E.g. commercial spaces
150m x 100m (15000m²). A Large commercial according to where glare may be a
concern.
center: 30000 square meters and more (approx. orientation, • Example Dimensions:
322 917 square feet). E.g. 200m x 150m circulation, o Windows on south
(30000m²). facades can cover up
day light to 20-30% of the wall
and Estate
Categories of Commercial Real area to maximize
passive solar heating.
ventilation
Category Examples
Mixed-Use
Building
Hospitality Orientation:
hotels, motels, public
Key cafes, diners, stadiums, sports
houses, bars, restaurants,
venues, truck stops,Consideration
nightclubs, amusement parks, movie
s
studios, movie theaters

The
orientation of
 o P as that receive
o sunlight to help
s regulate indoor
i temperatures.
t • Example Dimensions:
i o Walls with thermal
o mass should be at
n least 200 mm thick to
h effectively moderate
i temperature swings.
g
h5. Shading and Overhangs
t
h
e • Purpose: Control heat gain and
r glare.
m • Design Features:
a o Overhangs and
l shading devices can be
2. Wind Orientation m designed based on the
a sun's path.
s o Example: Horizontal
• Purpose: Utilize prevailing winds for natural
s overhangs should
ventilation.
m extend 0.5 to 1.0
• Wind Patterns:
a times the window
o Analyze local wind patterns to position
t height to provide
openings that encourage cross-ventilation.
e effective shading.
o Example Metric Dimensions:
r • Example Dimensions:
▪ Windows should be placed to create
i o A standard overhang
a cross-ventilation path; typically, at
a might measure 600
least 60% of windows on opposite
l mm to 1200 mm deep.
walls should be operable.
s
( 6. Vertical Orientation
3. Site Layout and Building Footprint l
i
• Height Considerations:
• Building Configuration: k
o Taller buildings can
o The shape and layout can significantly affect e
c create wind tunnels;
how light and wind interact with the building.
o thus, proper setbacks
o Compact shapes (e.g., square or rectangular)
n and stepbacks are
are generally more energy-efficient.
important.
• Example Dimensions: c
o A stepback of at least
o A typical footprint might range from 800 m² to r
e 2 meters for every
2000 m², depending on the site and zoning
additional 3 stories
regulations. t
e can reduce wind
) effects.
4. Thermal Mass Consideration • Example Heights:
i
o Mixed-use buildings
n
• Purpose: Use materials that absorb and store heat. a often range from 10 to
• Placement of Thermal Mass: r 15 stories (30-45
e meters) tall.
Conclusion system should allow
for future changes in
• Flexibi office layout, enabling
The orientation of a mixed-use building is crucial for the space to evolve as
lity in
enhancing energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and organizational needs
Circul
overall sustainability. Careful planning regarding solar change.
ation:
exposure, wind patterns, and building configuration can
optimize these factors. Each design element should be
Open vs. Closed
tailored to the specific location and intended use of the Layouts: Open
building to achieve the best results. office layouts
promote
For more detailed analysis, it's beneficial to utilize interaction and
software tools like building energy modeling programs flexibility but
that can simulate different orientations and their require careful
impacts on energy consumption and indoor circulation
environmental quality. planning to
avoid
congestion.
2. Circulation Closed offices
provide privacy
Definition: Circulation in an office context refers to but can create
how people move through the building. This includes isolated
the layout of hallways, staircases, elevators, and pathways.
common areas that facilitate easy access to different
spaces. o A
d
a
Key Elements: p
t
• Vertical Circulation: a
o Staircases: Must be strategically located to b
encourage use, especially in buildings with i
multiple floors. They should be accessible and l
visible, promoting health and reducing i
reliance on elevators. t
o Elevators: For larger buildings, elevators are y
crucial for moving between floors. Their :
placement should minimize waiting times and T
provide convenient access to all office areas. h
• Horizontal Circulation: e
o Hallways and Corridors: These spaces c
connect different areas of the office and i
should be wide enough to accommodate foot r
traffic without bottlenecks. The design can c
include features like natural light and art u
displays to enhance the experience. l
o Common Areas: Lobbies, break rooms, and a
meeting spaces should be easily accessible t
from different parts of the office to promote i
interaction among employees and encourage o
collaboration. n
 ntial) may have
different ventilation
needs. Separation
helps prevent odors
Ventilati and pollutants from
commercial spaces
on affecting residential
areas.
Key 2. Natural Ventilation:
o Utilize windows,
Ventilation
vents, and other
Consideratio openings to promote
ns air flow. Proper
placement of operable
1. Zonin windows can facilitate
cross-ventilation.
g and
o Example Dimensions:
Separ
Windows should be at
ation: least 10% of the floor
o D
area for effective
i
natural ventilation.
f
3. Mechanical Ventilation:
f
o Often required to
e
meet building codes
r
and provide consistent
e
air quality.
n
o Systems like HVAC
t
(Heating, Ventilation,
a
and Air Conditioning)
r
should be designed
e
with energy efficiency
a
in mind.
s
o Air change rates
(
depend on the space
e
type:
.
▪ Residential:
g
0.35 air
.
changes per
,
hour (ACH)
r
▪ Commercial:
e
2-5 ACH,
t
depending on
a
the activity
i
level.
l
, 4. Ductwork Design:
o Ensure duct systems
r
e are appropriately
s sized to minimize
i pressure losses and
d noise.
e
 o Example Metric Dimension: Duct diameter
can range from 200 mm to 600 mm based on Dimensions and
airflow requirements.
5. Exhaust Systems:
Layout
o Necessary for areas like kitchens and
bathrooms to remove excess moisture and Floor Height: Typical floor-to-
odors.
o Example: Kitchen exhaust rates may require ceiling heights range from 2.7
up to 400 L/s. m to 3.5 m for residential
6. Air Quality Monitoring: units and can be higher in
o Implement sensors to monitor CO2 levels,
humidity, and VOCs (volatile organic commercial spaces (3.5 m to
compounds) to ensure a healthy environment. 6 m).
7. Stack Effect:
o Utilize the stack effect in taller buildings to
enhance natural ventilation. This relies on Building Footprint: The
temperature differences to drive air dimensions will vary, but a
movement. common footprint for a
mixed-use building might be
Example Mixed-Use Building Dimensions
approximately 20 m x 30 m,
• Building Height: 10-15 stories (30-45 allowing for a variety of
meters) layouts and uses across
• Typical Floor Area: multiple floors.
o Residential: 80-120 m² per unit
o Commercial: 150-500 m² per retail
space Schematic Diagram
• Ground Floor: Commercial units with larger While I can't provide images
entrances and high ceilings (4 m). directly, here’s a description of a
typical schematic you might
o • Upper Floors: Residential units, each consider:
with natural ventilation options
(windows opening to balconies). • Building Layout:
o Ground Floor:
Retail spaces
with large
storefront
windows.
o Floors 1-2: Office
spaces with
designated
ventilation
systems.
 o Floors 3-10: Residential units with
balconies for natural ventilation.
• Ventilation Features:
o Labeled sections for operable
windows, mechanical ventilation
ducts, and exhaust systems.
o Indicate airflow patterns and
natural ventilation strategies.

Conclusion
Designing mixed-use buildings from a ventilation
perspective requires a balance between natural and
mechanical systems, taking into account the unique
requirements of each space type. Careful planning will
ensure comfort and health for all occupants while
maintaining energy efficiency.

For visual references, consider looking up architectural

diagrams of mixed-use buildings that illustrate these
concepts.
program development

TOTAL DISCRIPTION
TYPE FUNCTION AREA
AREA UNIT
(Sqm)

Basement Parking 1800 1800

Mechanical room 28 1 28
Sanitary room 24 1 24
Generator room 20 1 20
Garbage collector 25 1 25
Slaughter room 12 2 12
Store 20 1 20
Sub total 1929 With 15% circulation
Parking (outdoor) 202.5 1 202.5
commercial Bank
Lobby 4.5 1 4.5
Open office 5 4 20
Cashier 5 7 35
Writing area 1 1 1
Toilet 6 1 6
Manager office 16 1 16
ATM 9 2 18
Store 9 1 9
Total area 1 109.5 15%circulation = [Link]
Shop
Store 3 1 3
Service area 17 1 17
Total area 20 20 400 15%circulation =[Link]
Café
Cashier 5 1 5
Kitchen 15 .75 1 15.75
Toilet 12 1 12
Service area 57 1 57 48 people in 1 cafe
Store 9 1 9
Manager office 16 1 16
Close change 18 1 18
Janitor room 4 1 4
 Total area 136.75 4 547 15% circulation =[Link]
Security room 45 1 45 15%circulation = 51.75m. sq
Mini market
Store 24 1 24
Cashier 2.5 1 2.5
Service area 101 1 101
Total area 127.5 4 510 15% circulation =[Link]
Grocery shop

Cashier 2.5 1 2.5

Store 20 1 20
Service area 103 1 103
Janitor room 2 1 2
Total area 127.5 3 382.5 15% circulation =[Link]
Public toilet 56 1 56 5 for male and 5 for female (for
handicap 1 for each female and
male)
commercial Combined office
Meet room 18.4 1 18.4
Toilet 15.6 1 15.6
Dining room 18.4 1 18.4
Manager office 16 1 16
Open office 5 10 50
Total area 136.16 4 544.6 15% circulation =626.29 [Link]
Internet café
Computer station 40 1 40
Printer area 1.2 1 1.2
Cashier 2.5 1 2.5
Storage 16 1 16
Total area 59.7 1 59.7 15% circulation = 69m. sq
Art gallery
Reception 3 1 3
Service area 102.4 1 102.4
Store 9 1 9
Office 20 1 20
toilet 15.6 1 15.6
Total area 1 150 15% circulation =172.5m. sq
Cinema
Stage 20 1 20
Sitting area 150 150
Store 16 1 16
Reception 2.5 1 2.5
Operator room 9 1 9
office 20 1 20
Total area 217.5 1 217.5 15% circulation = 250.1m. sq
Restaurant
Toilet 15.6 1 15.6
Kitchen 15.75 1 15.75
Store 16 1 16
cashier 2.5 1 2.5
Service area 114 1 114
 office 20 1 20
Close change 18 1 18
Janitory 3 1 3
Bar 90 1 90
Total area 295.85 2 591.7 15% circulation =680.4m. sq
Gym
Working area 138.3 1 138.3

Shower room 17.6 1 17.6

Toilet 15.6 1 15.6
Close change room 18 1 18 For female and male
Reception 3 1 3
Sub total 192.5 1 195.5 15% circulation = 220.9 m. sq
commercial
Beauty salon
Hair washing area 20.16 1 20.16 4 persons
Reception 3 1 3
Styling station 6.1 1 6.1 3 persons
Dryer and color area 5.4 1 5.4 4 persons
Waiting area 10 1 10
Pedicure area 13.75 1 13.75 3 persons
Total area 58.4 4 233.64 15% circulation = 268.68m. sq
Cloth shop
Close changing area 4 1 4
Store 6 1 6
Cashier 2.5 1 2.5
Service area 35.5 1 35.5
Total area 47.6 7 333.2 15% circulation = m. sq
Barber
Waiting area 10 1 10
Styling area 6.1 1 6.1 3 persons
Washing area 5.04 1 5.02 2 persons
Cashier 3 1 3
Total area 24.14 3 72.42 15% circulation = 83.2m. sq
Pharmacy
Store 9 1 9
Service area 39 1 39
Total area 48 6 288 15% circulation = 331.2m. sq
Super market
lobby 15 15
Sale floor 500 1 500
store 60 1 60
checkout 40 1
Manager office 25 1 25
Bakery section 50 1 50
Refrigerated storage 30 1 30
 Total area 680 2 680 15% circulation =782
Day care
Playing area 35 35
Sleeping room 24 24
Locker 6.2 6.4
Dining area 18.4 1 18.4
Toilet 15.6 1 15.6
Office 12 1 12
Total area 79.2 1 79.2 15% circulation = 91

Separated office 15 6 90 15%circulation = 103sqm

Residence Studio 36 16 468 15%circulation= 538.2m. sq
One bedroom
Living room 15 1 10.5
Kitchen 7.2 1 7.5
Bathroom 3.3 1 3.3
Dining area 1.2 1 1.2
store 3 1 3
Bedroom 15 1 15
Total area 54 12 648 15% circulation=[Link]
Two bedrooms
Living room 20 1 20
Master bedroom 15 1 15
Bedroom 10.8 1 10.8
Master bathroom 3.3 1 3.3
Bathroom 3.3 1 3.3
Kitchen 9.6 1 9.6
Dining area 4 1 4
store 4 1 4
Total area 80 14 1120 15%circulation =[Link]
Three bedrooms
Living room 25 1 25
Master bedroom 15 1 15
Master bathroom 3.3 1 3.3
bedroom 10.8 1 10.8
Bathroom 3.3 1 3.3
Children bedroom 14 1 14
store 6 1 6
Kitchen 14 1 14
Dining area 4 1 4
Total area 100 8 800 15% circulation = [Link]

BUILDABLE
SITE=BRIDGE
AREA=1929SQM
OPENSPACE=450SQM
 Case study 1
Y2 MIXED USE ARCHITECTURE
General description
Architects: DAAL

Area : 548 m²

Year: 2022

Manufacturers: DAELIM BATH, Namsun, Woosung

Construction: Doulim Construction

Mechanical Engineer: Sunwoo Engineering

Architect: YeJin Na, GooWon Jung

City: Seodaemun-gu, south Korean.

Location of project
Yeonhui-dong, a typical upscale neighborhood in Seoul, is an example of the changing
residential environment. Currently, as the business districts of Sinchon and Hongdae grow,
vibrant commercial spaces are created amid serene residential neighborhoods, altering the
mood.
The area is an enclosed residential area surrounded by high walls and walls along the slope.
However, the fact that the site is a corner of a slope was an advantage because the building
could be recognized from the entrance of the alley.
An open building that attracts people - The Y2 building, which has a basement floor and two
floors above ground, has a design element that emphasizes openness to the front of the
building.
Stairs and a front yard on the first floor, a terrace on the second floor, and an outdoor space on
the roof were placed in front of the building to give it a lively atmosphere.
The Y2 building, which has a basement floor and two floors above
ground, has a design element that emphasizes openness to the front of the
building.
A plaza was positioned on the bottom floor, which serves as the
entryway, to draw light into the dim area.
Brightly colored bricks give the building a bright look, increasing
awareness and attention.
Beige bricks create a bright and warm space, and a staircase that opens
directly from the road in the corner that opens to the outside further
emphasizes its openness.
The main staircase connects to the alley and, by default, directs traffic towards the building.

Concept
▪ The center of the stairs, inspired by the pavilion
tree at the entrance of a rural village, a native maple
tree was planted to give the accent color.
▪ The path that breathes - The basement floor can be
entered easily from the front road due to the level
difference of the sloping site.
▪ The good size of the courtyard at the back of the
building gives enough light to the basement and
serves as natural ventilation.
Ventilation
▪ Windows that create a colorful expression - The window design of the Y2 building
gives the building a three-dimensional sense and expression.
▪ The external staircase planned in the center of the building not only secures the
minimum-length passage, but also exposes light, ventilation, and lively people to the
outside, making it possible to create various expressions of the entire building.
 ▪ Two half-moon windows on the first floor and a circular window on the second floor
gave a change to the space and made the building look interesting even from the side
alley.
▪ The building's back courtyard, which has a fair size, provides adequate natural
ventilation and lighting for the basement.

Floor plan, elevations, section

 Case study 2
Brickwell Mixed Use Building
General description
• Architects: Society of Architecture
• Area : 996 m²
• Year: 2020
• Design Team: Yerin Kang, Chihoon Lee, Minseong Lee
• City: Jongno-gu
• Country: South Korea
 ▪ Brickwell stretches over the site of 35-17, Tongui-dong,
and wholly embraces the old resting area which has
witnessed the history of the city’s construction for
nearly 200 years. Attached to the tree site, a garden was
created to naturally connect the alleys, and the garden
joins a courtyard layered over a pond in the center of the
rounded building.
▪ The garden adjacent to the tree site, created by floating
the first floor with piloti, expands as a garden united with the white pine stump
and at the same time, rises to the upper atrium of the building.

▪ The 10.5-meter diameter atrium both faces the interior

space and outer terrace in half within the second, third, and
fourth floors. Along the path of the atrium, a different sense
of garden is created.

Materials
▪ The materials used in the projects are mostly three types of
structural materials: exposed concrete, yellow granite, and
brick.
▪ Bricks define the internal and external communication
methods through variations of construction methods including
traditional brick masonry, pressing as tiles, and cladding.

Case study 3
NIB Mixed Use
Architects: Xavier Vilalta Architects
Location: Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Project Team: Maria Rosaria Favoino, Lidi a
Greinert, Lui za Kostecka, Agnieszka Piotrowicz,
Flaminia Scoca, Raluca Zbarcea.
Project Year: 2015
Photographer: Xavier Vilalta Architects

Contextual Concept
▪ Inspiration
The development of a perforated pattern or
window and an emphasis on the entry (giving off
a "free facade feeling") are two well -known and
well-known examples of local architectural st yle
and object patterns (arch windows and entrances).

Contemporary archit ecture inspired by tradition.

A concrete fa çade encl oses the mixed -use
program, with several opening t ypes for each
program that follow st andard proportions and
guidelines Si milar in shape and qualities to the
old buildings of Dire Dawa, but constructed in a
more modern manner, it alters or increas es its
thickness depending on the internal function.
Instead of using a copy -and-paste method, it
interprets tradition for a modern setting.
The concept of courtyard
to the response to harsh hot climate
Neighbor context or urban context
continues courtyard or aliened courtyard with neighbor courtyard
(Mekonnen hotel)
This help to occur cool air in wider scale and taking advantage of the
greenery effect.
They create complimentary courtyard which blend with neighbor buildings
stake effect.

Access
The main entrance of
the building is placed on the corner.
As shown below ground floor plane access from
west shop, east bank , south shop.
(Basement) parking
Greenery access in the courtyard
communal services on the roof terrace

Circulation
Horizontal and vertical
Horizontal -corridor, lobby, ramp
Vertical -stair, escalator, lift
The placement of the stair is at the center internal circulation
zone .it is easily recognizable and nearest to the primary and
other complimentary entries.

spatial arrangement
- The ground part of the building divided in to three zone banks
Shop 1 and shop 2.
They are separated or buffered by circulation space and courtyard.
- It has rectilinear or liner arrangement and the other side contain irregular arrangement
- trapezium shape typology
- The overall arrangement of the residence is radial which circulates around the courtyard
 Case study
OLVIA Building
❑ General description
Architects: URLO Studio

Area : 4285 m²

Year : 2022

Manufacturers : Kubiec, PrintBuilding

Collaborator : Iker Gómez

Electrical Engineering : AELEC

Mechanical Engineering : Hydrogroup

Structural Engineering : Juan Carlos Garcés

Landscape : Clemencia Echevarria

Construction : InmoQL

City : Quito

Country : Ecuador

OLVIA is located on a plot of special relevance for the neighborhood of Bellavista in Quito since it’s on the main

access street and has a prominent slope that helps to enhance the position of the building in its surroundings. The
morphological complexity of the terrain and its pronounced topography made the boundary between the building
and the public space one of the determining elements in designing the project. To provide a correct solution and
avoid the creation of walls as enclosures, the volume that was proposed opens up to the public space as it descends
along the perimeter of the property.
❑ Ventilation
To guarantee adequate conditions for cross ventilation and natural lighting throughout the project, a central
courtyard was introduced.

The courtyard articulates the two main bars in which the different types of apartments are found.

The humid areas of each apartment (bathrooms, laundry rooms) open up to the interior façade of the
building which creates cross-ventilation circuits and facilitates the natural lighting of these spaces that are
usually located in residual areas, significantly improving their habitability.
 ❑ circulation
It also generates a more pleasant visual experience for residents as they circulate
from the main lobby to their own homes.

The triangular geometry of the lot meant a significant increase in the proportion
of the project's façade. For this reason, and because of its prominent position in
the neighborhood, the conception of the façade could not merely be a
compositional exercise, but rather one that also took into consideration the
architectural heritage of the neighborhood.

❑ view
These protruding volumes house the common areas of
each apartment and are characterized by the large
windows that allow residents to enjoy panoramic views of
the city.