FRIEZE PATTERN
NATURE Architecture
Snake skin Building design
ROSETTE PATTERN
NATURE Architecture
ROSE Cathedral window design
NATURE Architecture
Forest pattern Jali wall
Wall Paper Pattern
Tessellation is the process of creating a two-dimensional pattern by repeating a
geometric shape with no overlaps or gaps. There are various types of tessellations,
each with its own unique characteristics.
1. Regular Tessellation: In regular tessellations, regular polygons (shapes
with equal sides and angles) are used to cover the plane without any gaps or
overlaps. The three regular polygons that tessellate the plane are equilateral
triangles, squares, and regular hexagons.
2. Semi-Regular Tessellation: Semi-regular tessellations use two or more
regular polygons in a repeating pattern. Each vertex in a semi-regular
tessellation has the same arrangement of polygons meeting. Examples
include the tessellations created by combining triangles and squares, or
triangles and hexagons.
3. Hexagonal Tessellation: Hexagonal tessellation involves filling a plane
with hexagons, creating a honeycomb-like pattern. Bees often use hexagonal
tessellation in building their honeycombs because hexagons can tessellate
the plane without leaving gaps.
4. Triangular Tessellation: Triangular tessellation uses triangles as the basic
unit to cover a plane without overlaps or gaps. There are various ways to
arrange triangles to create tessellations, including regular and irregular
patterns.
5. Square Tessellation: Square tessellation involves covering a plane with
squares in such a way that they fit together perfectly, without any overlaps
or gaps. Square tessellations often create grid-like patterns.
6. Penrose Tessellation: Penrose tessellation is a non-periodic tessellation
discovered by Sir Roger Penrose. It uses two rhombuses, called "kites" and
"darts," arranged in a specific pattern to cover the plane. Penrose
tessellations exhibit five-fold symmetry and can create visually stunning and
intricate designs.
7. Islamic Tessellation: Islamic tessellation, also known as girih tessellation,
is a type of decorative art found in Islamic architecture. It uses a set of
geometric shapes—such as stars, polygons, and other intricate designs—that
interlock to create complex, repeating patterns. These tessellations often
feature intricate symmetry and are found in mosques, palaces, and other
Islamic structures.
Tessellations in Nature (HONEY COMB TESSELATION)
Perhaps one of the most iconic examples of tessellation in nature is the honeycomb
structure built by bees. Bees construct hexagonal cells to store honey, pollen, and eggs. This
tessellation maximizes storage space while minimizing the amount of wax needed to build the
comb. The honeycomb tessellation has been admired by humans for centuries and has influenced
architectural and artistic designs.
Tessellation in Architecture (Girih Tiles)
In
Islamic architecture, intricate geometric patterns known as girih tiles are extensively used for
decoration. These patterns are formed by tessellating various geometric shapes such as stars,
polygons, and rosettes. Examples can be found in structures like the Alhambra in Spain and the
Shah Mosque in Iran. The intricate tessellations not only serve aesthetic purposes but also
symbolize mathematical and philosophical concepts within Islamic culture.
Tessellation in Architecture (ISLAMIC ARTS)
Islamic art
is renowned
for its intricate
geometric
patterns,
including
tessellations. These tessellations often feature complex arrangements of stars,
polygons, and other geometric shapes, creating mesmerizing designs. These
patterns not only serve decorative purposes but also have deeper symbolic
meanings, reflecting Islamic beliefs about unity, infinity, and the interconnectedness
of the universe.