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Power Systems Overview and Structure

The document outlines the structure and operation of power systems, emphasizing their role in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical energy. It discusses the importance of reliability, cost-efficiency, and environmental impact in power system management, along with various power generation sources and challenges associated with renewable energy. Additionally, it covers factors affecting power generation and distribution, including load factors and tariff structures.

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9 views18 pages

Power Systems Overview and Structure

The document outlines the structure and operation of power systems, emphasizing their role in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical energy. It discusses the importance of reliability, cost-efficiency, and environmental impact in power system management, along with various power generation sources and challenges associated with renewable energy. Additionally, it covers factors affecting power generation and distribution, including load factors and tariff structures.

Uploaded by

heyhe66666
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

08-Jan-2025

Power Systems
Course Code: EE 308
(2-1-0-3)

Electrical Engineering, IIT Indore


Module 01

Introduction to power system, its structure and power


generation
What is Power System?

• A system that deals with the business of generation, transmission and distribution of Electrical
Energy.
• Largest and most complex man-made system.
• Power System provides a vital service to the society.
• It should be operated with the goal of achieving:
▪ Highest reliability standards
▪ Lowest operation cost
▪ Minimum environmental impacts
Generic Structure of a Power System

Generation Primary Transmission(132/220/400/765KV)

CB

Power Plant Bus-bar Steel Tower


X’mer
Sending end SS (11/220kV) CB 220 kV Primary Grid
Bus-bar
(220/66 kV)

Commercial/ 66 kV
Industrial Transmission
Customer

Secondary Transmission(66/132KV)
Distribution Transformer
Urban (11/0.415 kV) Primary Distribution
Customers

Secondary Grid
Secondary Distribution (66/11 kV)

Distribution
Underground Cable
Pole
To Other
Residential Residential 66Kv
Customer Substations
Customer

Slide Courtesy: Dr. Alka, Assistant Director, PSTI, NPTI, Bangalore


Large Conventional
Overview of Present Power System
Power Plant

Large Conventional
Power Plant
Large Conventional
Power Plant

High Voltage AC/ DC


connection
Large Wind Farms
Energy
Storage Transmission
Energy Storage

Industrial
Load
Sub-Transmission
Industrial DG
Energy
Load
Storage Distribution

Customers Solar PV
Energy DG
Storage
Power Generation
Sources of Energy
Power Generation Overview in India

[Link]

[Link]
Working diagram Thermal power station
Working diagram Hydro electric power plant
Nuclear power station
Pressurized water nuclear reactor
Renewable Sources

Solar Type-III Wind Type-IV Wind


Challenges with Renewable Sources
Variability Non-homogeneity Diversity in control schemes Reduced System Inertia

Different converter-control arrangement

Reactive current generation with FRT


Voltage and current during power swing
Typical Daily Load curve
A typical load curve experienced in India

Courtesy: P. Esther Kamala, Director (IRP), Central Electricity Authority


Factors associated with Power Generation and Its distribution

Average Load
Load Factor =
Maximum Peak Load

Sum of Individual maximum demands


Distribution Factor =
Maximum Load in the system

Actual Energy Produced Average Demand


Plant Capacity Factor = =
Installed Capacity Installed Capacity

Actual Energy Produced (kWh)


Plant Use Factor =
Plant capacity kW × Time in hours the plant has been in operation
Tariffs

Cost of electric power = a + b × kW + (c × kWh)

where,

a is the fixed charge for the utility


b depends on maximum demand
c depends on units consumed/ produced

• Tariff structures should be such that it will influence to improve the load factor
• Tariff structure should consider power factor of the load of the customer

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