Salwani Tutorials

Date : 27-11-2024 STD 10 Maths Total Marks : 80

model paper 2

Section A

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks Each] [6]

1. The least perfect square number which is divisible 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 is

(A) 900 (B) 1200 (C) 2500 (D) 3600
Ans. : 3600
2. _______ are the zeroes of quadratic polynomial 2
x + 2x − 15

(A) 3 and 5 (B) −3and − 5 (C) 3and − 5 (D) −3and5

Ans. : 3and − 5

3. 2x + 3y − 9 = 0 and 4x + 6y − 18 = 0 are _______

(A) intersects (B) coinclined (C) parallel (D) none of this
Ans. : coinclined
4. If two zeroes are opposite, the _______ is got of quadratic polynomial
ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 .
(A) b > 0 (B) b < 0 (C) b ≠ 0 (D) b = 0
Ans. : b = 0

5. If n
th
term of an AP is 2n + 1 then its sum of n terms is ________
(A) n(n − 2) (B) n(n + 2) (C) n(n + 1) (D) n(n − 1)
Ans. : n(n + 2)

6. Coresponding angles are _______ for two polygon.

(A) equal (B) inverse (C) opposite (D) not equal
Ans. : equal

* Fill in the blanks with correct alternative. [1 Marks Each] [6]

7. The point which divides the line segment joining the points A(4, −1) and
B(−2, −3) in the ratio 1 : 2 lies in __________ quadrant (first, third, fourth)
Ans. : fourth
8. If tan
2
θ = sin
2
θ + cos
2
θ then _______ ∘ ∘ ∘
(45 , 1 , 90 )

Ans. : 45
∘

9. A circle can have ________ parallel tangents at most.

Ans. : two

Page 1
10. Radius and chord in a circle are at equal length then angle made by end point of
chord at centre is of _______ degree. (30 ∘ ∘ ∘
, 60 , 90 )

Ans. : 60
∘

11. If the radius of a cone is 7cm and slant height is 25 cm then its height is _______
cm. (24, 12, 25)

Ans. : 24

12. Mean of n observation is x̄. If 1, 2, 3 … . . are adding in each observation

respectively then mean of new observation is
n+1 n n+1
(( x̄ + ) , x̄ + , x̄ + ( ))
2 2 4

Ans. : = x̄ + (
n+1

2
)

* State whether the following sentences are True or False. [1 Marks Each] [4]

13. The linear equations in two variables has infinite solutions if lines are ____________
(coincident, parallel, intersecting)
Ans. : coincident
14. The discriminant is 104 of the quadratic equation 2
2x + 8x − 5 = 0

Ans. : True
15. The coordinates of the origin is (0, 0)

Ans. : true
16. The probability is 1 of the event "The Sun rises in the East'.
Ans. : True

* Answer the following questions in one sentence. [1 Marks Each] [4]

17. Find the LCM and HCF of 12, 15 and 21 integers by applying the prime
factorisation method.
Ans. : 12, 15 and 21
12 = 22 × 3
15 = 3 × 5
21 = 3 × 7

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 HCF = 3
LCM = 22 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 420
18. Find the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation 3x
2
–
− 4√3x + 4 = 0 . If the
real roots exist. Find it.
Ans. : The given quadratic equation is
2
–
3x − 4√3x + 4 = 0

Here, a = 3, b = −4√3 , c = 4
–

∴ discriminant = b2 - 4ac
– 2
= (−4√3) − 4(3)(4)

= 48 - 48 = 0
Hence, the given quadratic equation
has two equal real roots.
The roots are = −
b

2a
,−
b

2a

(−4 √3) (−4 √3)

2 2
i.e. − ,− , i.e. ,
2×3 2×3 √3 √3

19. If the radius is increase 20% of the sphere then how much percent its volume
increased ?
Ans. : 72.8%

20. In the data mean x̄ = 20, Σ fidi = 100 and Σf i = 10 then find the assumed mean
(a) .
Ans. : 10

* Match The Following. [4]

A B
21. αβ + βγ + γα (a) −b

22. αβγ (b) c

(c)
−d

Ans. : 1 - b
2-c
A B
23. sin θ (a) − cot
2
θ

−−−− −−− −
24. cos θ (b) √1 − cos2 θ

−−−− −− − −
(c) √1 − sin 2 θ

Page 3
 Ans. : 1 - b
2-c

Section B

* Given section consists of questions of 2 marks each. ( Write any 9 ) [18]

25. Prove that –

7√5 is irrational.

Ans. : We can prove irrational by contradiction.

–
7√5

Let us suppose that is rational.

–
7√5

It means we have some co-prime integers a and b (b≠ 0) such that

– a
7√5 =
b

–
⇒ √5 =
a

7b
.......(1)
R.H.S of (1) is rational but we know that is irrational.
–
√5

It is not possible which means our supposition is wrong.

Therefore, 7√5 cannot be rational.
–

Hence, it is irrational.
26. Five year hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years
ago, Jacob's age was seven times that of his son. What are their present ages?
Solve by substitution method.
Ans. : Let x (in years) be the present age of Jacob's son and y (in years) be the
present age of Jacob. 5 years hence, it has relation: (y + 5) = 3(x + 5)
or, y + 5 = 3x + 15 3x + 15 - y - 5 = 0 or, 3 x - y + 10 = 0 .......(i) 5 years ago, it has
relation (y - 5) = 7(x - 5) y - 5 = 7x - 35 or, 7x - 35 - y + 5 = 0 or, 7 x - y - 3 0 = 0 ....(ii)
From eqn. (i), y = 3x + 10 ....(iii) On substituting the value of y in eqn. (ii), we get 7x-
(3x + 10) - 30 = 0 7x - 3x - 10 - 30 = 0 or, 4x - 40 = 0 or, 4x = 40 x=10 On substituting
x = 10 in eqn. (iii), y = 3 × 10 + 10 y = 30 + 10 ∴ y = 40 Hence, the present age of
Jacob = 40 years and son's age = 10 years
27. Find the value of k for the quadratic equation kx(x − 2) + 6 = 0, so that they have
two equal roots.
Ans. : kx(x − 2) + 6 = 0
⇒ kx2 − 2kx + 6 = 0
Comparing quadratic equation kx2 − 2kx + 6 = 0 with general form ax2 + bx + c = 0,
we get a = k, b = -2k and c = 6
Discriminant = b2 − 4ac = (−2k)2 - 4(k)(6) = 4k2 − 24k
We know that two roots of quadratic equation are equal only if discriminant is
equal to zero.
Putting discriminant equal to zero
4k2−24k =0
⇒ 4k(k − 6) ⇒ k = 0, 6

Page 4
 The basic definition of quadratic equation says that quadratic equation is the
equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0
Therefore, in equation kx2 − 2kx + 6 = 0, we cannot have k = 0.
Therefore, we discard k = 0.
Hence the answer is k = 6.
28. Find the value of k for the quadratic equation 2x2 + kx + 3 = 0, so that they have
two real equal roots.
Ans. : The given quadratic equation is
2x2 + kx + 3 = 0
Here, a = 2, b = k, c = 3
Therefore, discriminant = b2 - 4ac
= (k)2 - 4(2)(3) = k2 - 24
If the given quadratic equation has two equal real roots, then
b2 - 4ac = 0
2 2
⇒ k − 24 = 0 ⇒ k = 24

−− –
⇒ k = ±√24 ⇒ k ± 2√6

Hence, the required values of k are

–
±2√6 .
i.e.,
– –
2√6 and − 2√6

29. Which term of the AP: 121, 117, 113, .....is its first negative term?
[Hint: Find n for an < 0]

Ans. : Given: 121, 117, 113, .......

Here a = 121, d = 117 - 121 = 4
Now, an = a + (n - 1)d
= 121 + (n - 1) (-4) = 121 - 4n + 4 = 125 - 4n
For the first negative term, an < 0
125
⇒ 125 − 4n < 0 ⇒ 125 < 4n ⇒ < n
4

1
⇒ 31 < n
4

n is an integer and n > 31

1

4
.
Hence, the first negative term is 32nd term
30. If tan (A + B) = –
√3 and tan (A - B) = 1
; 0° < A + B ≤ 90°; A > B, then find A and B.
√3

Ans. : We have, tan (A + B) = tan(A+B) = tan 60°

–
√3 ⇒

A + B = 60°..........(i)
Again, tan (A - B ) = 1

√3
⇒ tan(A-B) = tan 30°
A - B = 30°..........(ii)
Adding, (i) and (ii)
2A = 90°

Page 5
 A=
∘

∴ =45° 90

Putting A=45 in equation (i), o

B = 60° - A = 60° - 45° = 15°

Therefore, A = 45° and B = 15°.
31. Evaluate: 5 cos
2 ∘
60 +4 sec
2 ∘
30 − tan
2
45
∘

2 ∘ 2 ∘
sin 30 + cos 30

Ans. : Given:
2 ∘ 2 ∘ 2 ∘
5 cos 60 +4 sec 30 − tan 45
2 ∘ 2 ∘
sin 30 + cos 30

2 2
1 2 2
5( ) +4 ( ) −(1 )
2 √3
= 2 2
1 √3
( ) +( )
2 2

1 4
5× +4× −1
4 3
= 1 3
+
4 4

5 16
+ −1
4 3
= 1+3

15+64−12

12
= 4

67

12
=
1

67
=
12

32. A tangent PQ at a point P of a circle of radius 5 cm meets a line through the

centre O at a point Q so that OQ = 12 cm. Length PQ is:
Ans. : We know that the line drawn from the centre of the circle to the tangent is
perpendicular to the tangent.
OP ⊥ P Q

By applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔOPQ,

OP2 + PQ 2 = OQ 2
52 + PQ 2 =122
PQ 2 =144 - 25
−−−
PQ = √119 cm

33. A solid iron pole consists of a cylinder of height 220 cm and base diameter 24
cm is surmounted by another cylinder of height 60 cm and radius 8 cm. Find the
mass of the pole, given that 1 cm3 of iron has approximately 8 g mass. (Use π =
3.14)

Page 6
 Ans. : Radius of lower cylinder = R = 12 cm
Radius of upper cylinder = r = 8 cm
Height of upper cylinder = h = 60 cm
Height of lower cylinder = H = 220 cm
Volume of solid iron pole 2
= πR H + πr h
2

2 2
= 3.14 × (12) × 220 +3.14 × (8) × 60

3
= 111532.8cm

Mass of the pole = 111532.8 × 8g

= 892.2624kg

34. The marks distribution of 30 students in a mathematics examination. Find the

mode of this data. Also, compare and interpret the mode and the mean.
Class interval Number of students (f i) Classmark (xi) f ixi
10 - 25 2 17.5 35.0
25 - 40 3 32.5 97.5
40 - 55 7 47.5 332.5
55 - 70 6 62.5 375.0
70 - 85 6 77.5 465.0
85 - 100 6 92.5 555.0
Total ∑ fi
= 30 ∑ fi xi
= 1860.0

Ans. : Since the maximum number of students (i.e., 7) have got marks in the
interval 40 - 55, the modal class is 40 - 55
Therefore, the lower limit (l) of the modal class = 40
the class size ( h) = 15
the frequency (f 1) of modal class = 7
the frequency ( f 0) of the class preceding the modal class = 3
the frequency ( f 2) of the class succeeding in the modal class = 6
Now, using the formula:
Mode
f −f
1 0
= l +( ) ×h
2 f −f −f
1 0 2

we get Mode = 40 + (
7−3

14−6−3
) × 15 = 52

So, the mode mark is 52

Now
∑ f xi
i
x̄ =
∑f
i

1860.0
x̄ = = 62
30

So, the maximum number of students obtained 52 marks, while on average a

student obtained 62 marks.
35. The following data gives the information on the observed lifetimes (in hours) of
225 electrical components:

Page 7
 Lifetimes (in hours) 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120
Frequency 10 35 52 61 38 29
Determine the modal lifetimes of the components.
Ans. : Here, the maximum class frequency is 61, and the class corresponding to
this frequency is 60-80. So, the modal class is 60-80.
Therefore h = 20, l = 60, f 1 = 61, f 0 = 52 , f 2 = 38
f −f 61−52
1 0
M ode = l + [ ] × h = 60 + [ ] × 20 =
2 f − f −f 2(61)− 52−38
1 0 2

9 180
60 + [ ] × 20 = 60 + = 60 + 5.625 = 65.625
122−90 32

Therefore, the modal lifetime of the components is 65.625 hours.

36. Is the given statement correct or not correct?
If two coins are tossed simultaneously there are three possible outcomes- two
heads, two tails or one of each. Therefore, for each of these outcomes, the
probability is 1

3
.
Ans. : All possible outcomes = (H, H), (H, T), (T, H), (T, T)
Probability of an event = Favourabe outcomes

Total outcomes

Probability (2 heads) = 1

Probability (2 tails) = 1

It is not correct.
If we want to get the probability of them we should categorize the outcomes like
this but they are not equally likely because one of each can result in two ways from
a head-on first coin and tail on second or from the tail on first and head on
second.
37. A die is thrown twice. What is the probability that:
1. 5 will not come up either time?
2. 5 will come up at least once?
[Hint: Throwing a die twice and throwing two dice simultaneously are treated as
the same experiment]
Ans. : (i) The outcomes associated with the experiment in which a dice is thrown is
twice:
(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)
(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6)
(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6)
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)
(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6)
Therefore, Total number of favourable outcomes = 36
The number of outcomes where 5 come at least once are 11 Hence the number of
outcomes where 5 will not come up either time 36-11=25

Page 8
 P(E)=P (5 will not come up either time)= and P(B)=
N umber of f avorable outcomes
∴
N umber of total outcomes
= 25

36

P (5 will come up at least once)=

N umber of f avorable outcomes

N umber of total outcomes

= 11

36

Section C

* Given section consists of questions of 3 marks each. ( Write any 6 ) [18]

38. Find the zeroes of quadratic polynomial 3x2 - x - 4 and verify the relationship
between the zeroes and their coefficients.

Ans. : The quadratic equation is given as: 3x2 – x – 4

(Now we will factorize 1 in such a way that the product of factors is equal to -12
and the sum is equal to 1)
= 3x2 - 4x + 3x - 4
= x(3x - 4) + 1(3x - 4)= (3x – 4 )(x + 1)
The value of 3x2 − x − 4 is zero when 3x − 4 = 0 or x + 1 = 0,
when x =
4

3
or x = −1

Therefore, the zeroes of 3x2 − x − 4 are 4

3
and -1
Sum of zeroes = 4 1 −(−1) − coefficient of x
+ (−1) = = = 2
3 3 3 coefficient of x

Product of zeroes = 4

3
(−1) =
−4

3
=
constant term

coefficient of x
2

Hence verified.
39. Find the zeroes of quadratic polynomial x2 - 2x - 8 and verify the relationship
between the zeroes and their coefficients.

Ans. : Let p(x) = x2 - 2x - 8

By the method of splitting the middle term,
2 2
x − 2x − 8 = x − 4x + 2x − 8

= x(x − 4) + 2(x − 4) = (x − 4)(x + 2)

For zeroes of p(x),

p(x) = 0 ⇒ (x − 4)(x + 2) = 0

⇒ x − 4 = 0 or x + 2 = 0

⇒ x = 4 or x = −2

⇒ x = 4, −2 So, the zeroes of p(x) are 4 and -2.

We observe that, Sum of its zeroes
= 4 + (-2) = 2
−(−2) − (Coefficient of x)
= = 2
1 Coefficient of x

Product of its zeroes

= 4x(−2) = −8 =
−8

1
=
Constant term

Coefficient of x
2
Hence, relation between zeroes and coefficients
is verified.
40. Find the sum of first 22 terms of an AP in which d = 7 and 22nd term is 149.

Page 9
 Ans. : Here, d = 7
a22 = 149
Let the first term of the AP be a.
We know that
an = a + (n - 1)d
⇒ a22 = a + (22 - 1)d
⇒ a22 = a + 21d
⇒ 149 = a + (21) (7)
⇒ 149 = a + 147
⇒ a=2
Again, we know that
n
Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d]
2

22
⇒ S22 = [2(2) + (22 − 1)7]
2

⇒ S22 = (11) [4 + 147]

⇒ S22 = (11) (151)
⇒ S22 = 1661
Hence, the sum of the first 22 terms of the AP is 1661.
41. If the sum of the first 7 terms of an A.P. is 49 and that of the first 17 terms is
289, find the sum of its first n terms.
Ans. : Sn= n

2
[2a + (n - 1)d]
S7 = 7

2
(2a + 6d) = 49
or, a + 3d = 7 ...........(i)
S17 = 17

2
(2a + 16d) = 289
or, a + 8d = 17 ..........(ii)
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
or, 5d = 10 or, d = 2
Put d = 2 in (i)
a + 3d = 7
a + 2(3) = 7
a+6=7
and a = 1
n
Sn = [2 × 1 + (n − 1)2]
2

n
= [2 + 2n − 2]
2

n
= [2n]
2

2
= n

Hence, sum of n terms = n2

42. Name the type of quadrilateral formed, if any, by the points (4, 5), (7, 6), (4, 3),
(1, 2), and give a reason for your answer.

Page 10
 Ans. : (4, 5), (7, 6), (4, 3), (1, 2)
Let A → (4, 5), B → (7, 6), C → (4, 3) and D → (1, 2)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Then, AB = √(7 − 4) 2
+ (6 − 5)
2

−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− −−
= √(3) + (1) = √9 + 1 = √10

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
BC = √(4 − 7) + (3 − 6)

−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− −− –
√(−3) + (−3) = √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
CD = √(1 − 4) + (2 − 3)

−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−−− −−
= √(−3) + (−1) = √9 + 1 = √10

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
DA = √(4 − 1) + (5 − 2)

−−−− −− –
= √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AC = √(4 − 4) + (3 − 5) = 2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
BD = √(1 − 7) + (2 − 6)

−−−−−− −−
= √36 + 16 = √52

We see that
AB = CD, opposite sides are equal
BC = DA
and AC ≠ BD ..... Diagonals are unequal
Hence, the quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.
43. Prove that parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus.

Ans. :
Given ABCD is a parallelogram in which all the sides touch a given circle
To prove:- ABCD is a rhombus
Proof:-
∵ ABCD is a parallelogram
∴ AB = DC and AD = BC

Again AP, AQ are tangents to the circle from the point A

∴ AP = AQ

Similarly, BR = BQ
CR = CS
DP = DS
 ∴(AP + DP) + (BR + CR) = AQ + DS + BQ + CS = (AQ + BQ) + (CS + DS)
⇒ AD + BC = AB + DC

⇒ BC + BC = AB + AB [ ∵ AB = DC, AD = BC]

⇒ 2BC = 2AB

⇒ BC = AB

Hence, parallelogram ABCD is a rhombus

44. Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter of a circle are parallel.

Ans. :
Given: PQ is a diameter of a circle with centre O.
The lines AB and CD are the tangents at P and Q respectively.
To Prove: AB ∥ CD
Proof: Since AB is a tangent to the circle at P and OP is the radius through the
point of contact.
∴ ∠OPA = 90o ........ (i)
[The tangent at any point of a circle is ⊥ to the radius through the point of
contact]
∵ CD is a tangent to the circle at Q and OQ is the radius through the point of

contact.
∴ ∠ OQD = 90o ........ (ii)
[The tangent at any point of a circle is ⊥ to the radius through the point of
contact]
From eq. (i) and (ii), ∠ OPA = ∠ OQD
But these form a pair of equal alternate angles also,
∴ AB ∥ CD
45. A horse is tied to a peg at one corner of a square shaped grass field of side 15
m by means of a 5 m long rope. Find
i. the area of that part of the field in which the horse can graze.
ii. the increase in the grazing area if the rope were 10 m long instead of 5
m (Use π = 3.14)

Ans. :
 i. The area of that part of the field in which the horse can graze if the length
of the rope is 5cm
1 2 1 2 1 2
= πr = × 3.14 × (5) = × 78.5 = 19.625m
4 4 4

ii. The area of that part of the field in which the horse can graze if the length
of the rope is 10 m
1 2 1 2 2
= πr = × 3.14 × (10) = 78.5m
4 4

∴ The increase in the grazing area

= 78.5 - 19.625 = 58.875cm2
46. i. Two dice, one blue and one grey, are thrown at the same time. Complete
the following table:
Event: Sum on 2 dice 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Probability 1

36
5

36
1

36

ii. A student argues that there are 11 possible outcomes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,

10, 11 and 12. Therefore, each of them has a probability 1

11
. Do you
agree with this argument? Justify your answer.
Ans. :
i. It can be observed that,
To get the sum as 2, possible outcomes = (1, 1)
To get the sum as 3, possible outcomes = (2, 1) and (1, 2)
To get the sum as 4, possible outcomes = (3, 1), (1, 3), (2, 2)
To get the sum as 5, possible outcomes = (4, 1), (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 2)
To get the sum as 6, possible outcomes = (5, 1), (1, 5), (2, 4), (4, 2), (3, 3)
To get the sum as 7, possible outcomes = (6, 1), (1, 6), (2, 5), (5, 2), (3, 4), (4,
3)
To get the sum as 8, possible outcomes = (6, 2), (2, 6), (3, 5), (5, 3), (4, 4)
To get the sum as 9, possible outcomes = (3, 6), (6, 3), (4, 5), (5, 4)
To get the sum as 10, possible outcomes = (4, 6), (6, 4), (5, 5)
To get the sum as 11, possible outcomes = (5, 6), (6, 5)
To get the sum as 12, possible outcomes = (6, 6)
Event 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Probability 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1

36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36

ii. The probability of each of these sums will not be 1

11
as their sums are not
equally likely.

Section D

* Given section consists of questions of 4 marks each. ( Write any 5 ) [20]

47. Solve the given pair of linear equation by the elimination method and the
substitution method: 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x – 2y = 2
Ans. :
1. By Elimination method,
The given system of equation is :
3 x + 4 y = 10 ...................(1)
2 x - 2 y = 2 ...................(2)
Multiplying equation(2) by 2, we get
4 x - 4 y = 4 ...................(2)
Adding equation (1) and equation (3), we get
7 x = 14
14
∴ x = = 2
7

Substituting this value of x in equation (2), we get

2(2) - 2y = 2
⇒ 4 − 2y = 2

⇒ 2y = 4 − 2

⇒ 2y = 2

2
⇒ y = = 1
2

So, the solution of the given system of equation is

x = 2, y = 1
2. By Substitution method,
The given system of equation is:
3 x + 4 y = 10.................(1)
2 x - 2 y = 2....................(2)
From equation(1)
3x = 10 − 4y

10−4y
x = ( )
3

Put value of x in equation (2),

2x − 2y = 2

10−4y
2( ) − 2y = 2
3

2(10−4y)−2y(3)
= 2
3

20 − 8y − 6y = 6

−14y = −14

y=1
Putting value of y = 1 in equation (2)
2x - 2 = 2
x=2
Therefore, x = 2, y = 1 is the solution.
Verification: Substituting x = 2, y = 1, we find that both the
equation(1) and (2) are satisfied shown below:
3x + 4y = 3(2) + 4(1) = 6 + 4 = 10
 2x − 2y = 2(2) − 2(1) = 4 − 2 = 2

Hence, the solution is correct.

48. Solve the given pair of linear equation by the elimination method and the
substitution method: x + y = 5 and 2x - 3y = 4
Ans. : y = 5 .......... (1)
2x - 3y=4 ............. (2)
I. Elimination method:
Multiplying equation (1) by 2, we get equation (3)
2x +2y =10 ............. (3)
2x−3y =4 ........... (2)
Subtracting equation (2) from (3), we get
5y =6 ⇒ y = 6

Putting value of y in (1), we get

x+ 6

5
=5
⇒ x =5− 6

5
= 19

Therefore, x = and y = 19

5
6

II. Substitution method:

x +y =5 .......................... (1)
2x−3y =4 ......................... (2)
From equation (1), we get,
x =5−y
Putting this in equation (2), we get
2(5−y )−3y =4
⇒ 10−2y−3y =4
⇒ 5y =6
⇒y= 6

Putting value of y in (1), we get

x =5− = 6

5
19

Therefore, x = 19

5
and y = 6

49. A vertical pole of length 6 m casts a shadow 4 m long on the ground and at the
same time a tower casts a shadow 28 m long. Find the height of the tower.
Ans. : Let AB denoted the vertical pole of length [Link] is the shadow of the pole
on the ground BC = 4m.
Let DE denote the tower.
EF is shadow of the tower on the ground.
EF = 28 m.
Let the height of the tower be h m.
 In △ ABC and △ DEF,
∠ B= ∠ E ......[Each equal to 90o because pole and tower are standing vertical to the
ground]
∠ C = ∠ F .....[Same elevation]

∠ A = ∠ D ∵ shadows are cast at the same time

∴ △ ABC and △ DEF,

∠ B= ∠ E ............[Each equal to 90o because pole and tower are standing vertical to
the ground.]
∠ A=∠ D ( ∵ shadows are cast at the same time)

∴ △ ABC ~ △ DEF ......(AA similarity criterion)

∴
AB

DE
=
BC

EF
...........[ ∵ corresponding sides of two similar triangles are proportional]
6 4
⇒ =
h 28

6×28
⇒ h = ⇒ h = 42
4

Hence, the height of the tower is 42 m

50. Sides AB and AC and median AD of a triangle ABC are respectively proportional
to sides PQ and PR and median PM of another triangle PQR. Show that
ΔABC ∼ ΔP QR .

Ans. :
Given : In ΔABC and ΔP QR The AD and PM are their medians,
such that AB

PQ
=
AD

PM
=
AC

PR

To prove : ΔABC ∼ ΔP QR
Construction : Produce AD to E such that AD = DE and produce PM to N such that
PM = MN. Join CE and RN.
Proof : In ΔABD and ΔEDC
AD = DE

∠ADB = ∠EDC (vertically opposite angles)

BD = DC(as AD is a median)

∴ ΔABD ≡ ΔEDC (By SAS congruency)

or, AB = CE (By CPCT)
Similarly, PQ = RN
 AB

PQ
=
PM
AD
=
AC

PR
(Given)
or, CE

RN
=
2AD

2P M
=
AC

PR

or CE

RN
=
AE

PN
=
AC

PR

So ΔACE ∼ ΔP RN

∠3 = ∠4

Similarly ∠1 = ∠2

∠1 + ∠3 = ∠2 + ∠4

So ∠A = ∠P and

AB AC
= (given)
PQ PR

Hence ΔABC ∼ ΔP QR

51. A statue, 1.6 m tall, stands on the top of a pedestal. From a point on the ground,
the angle of elevation of the top of the statue is 60o and from the same point
the angle of elevation of the top of the pedestal is 45o. Find the height of the
pedestal.

Ans. :
Let the height of the pedestal be h m.
∴ BC = h m

In right triangle ACP,

∘ AC
tan 60 =
PC

– AB+BC
⇒ √3 =
PC

–
⇒ √3 = ..........(i)
1.6+h

PC

In right triangle BCP,

∘ BC
tan 45 =
PC

h
⇒ 1 = ⇒PC = h
PC

[From eq. (i)]

– 1.6+h
∴ √3 =
h

– – 1.6
⇒ √3h = 1.6 + h ⇒ h(√3 − 1) = 1.6 ⇒
√3−1

1.6(√3+1) 1.6(√3+1) 1.6(√3+1)

⇒ ⇒ h = ⇒ h =
(√3−1)(√3+1) 3−1 2

–
⇒ h = 0.8(√3 + 1)m

52. A vessel is in the form of an inverted cone. Its height is 8 cm and the radius of
its top, which is open, is 5 cm. It is filled with water up to the brim. When lead
shots, each of which is a sphere of radius 0.5 cm are dropped into the vessel,
 one-fourth of the water flows out. Find the number of lead shots dropped in the
vessel.

Ans. :
For cone Radius of the top (r) = 5 cm
Height(h) = 8 cm
∴ Volume = 1

3
2
πr h

= 1

3
π(r) 8
2

= πcm
200

3
3

For spherical lead shot

Radius (R) = 0.5 cm
∴ The volume of a spherical lead shot = 4

3
3
πR =
4

3
π(0.5)
3
=
π

6
3
cm

The volume of water that flows out = volume of the cone 1

= ( 1

4
200π
) cm =
3
cm
3 50π

3
3

Let the number of lead shot dropped in the vessel be 'n'.

Then, Volume of a lead shot = nπ

6
=
50π

According to the questions, nπ

6
=
50π

50π 6
⇒ n = ⇒ n = 100
3 π

Hence, the number of lead shot dropped in the vessel is 100.

53. A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted by a right circular cone.
The height of the cone is 2 cm and the diameter of the base is 4 cm. Determine
the volume of the toy. If a right circular cylinder circumscribes the toy, find the
difference of the volume of the cylinder and toy. (Take π = 3.14)

Ans. : According to the question, A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere

surmounted by a right circular cone. The height of the cone is 2 cm and the
diameter of the base is 4 cm.
Let BPC is a hemisphere and ABC is a cone.
Radius of hemisphere = Radius of cone
4
= = 2cm
2

h = Height of cone = 2 cm
 Volume of toy =
2

3
πr
3
+
1

3
2
πr h

1 2 1
= πr (2r + h) = × 3.14 × 2 × 2(2 × 2 + 2)
3 3

1
= × 3.14 × 4 × 6
3

= 25.12cm ...(i)
3

Let right circular cylinder EFGH circumscribe the given solid toy.
Radius of cylinder = 2 cm,
Height of cylinder = 4 cm
Volume of right circular cylinder 2
= πr h

= 3.14 × (2)
2
× 4cm
3
...(iii)
3
= 50.24cm

∴ Difference of two volume = Volume of cylinder - Volume of toy

= 50.24 - 25.12
=25.12 cm3
54. The following data gives the distribution of total monthly household expenditure
of 200 families of a village. Find the modal monthly expenditure of the families.
Also, find the mean monthly expenditure:
Expenditure (in ₹) Frequency
1000-1500 24

1500-2000 40
2000-2500 33
2500-3000 28
3000-3500 30
3500-4000 22
4000-4500 16

4500-5000 7

Ans. : We may observe from the given data that maximum class frequency is 40
belonging to 1500 - 2000 interval.
Class size (h) = 500
Mode = l + h
f −f
1
×
2f − f − f
1 2

Lower limit (l)of modal class = 1500

Frequency (f) of modal class = 40
Frequency (f 1) of class preceding modal class = 24
Frequency (f 2) of class succeeding modal class = 33

mode = 1500 + 40−24

2×40−24−33
× 500
= 1500 + 16

80−57
× 500
= 1500 + 347.826
= 1847.826 ≈ 1847.83
Expenditure Number of families
xi di = xi - 2750 ui uif i
(in ₹.) fi
1000-1500 24 1250 -1500 -3 -72
1500-2000 40 1750 -1000 -2 -80
2000-2500 33 2250 -500 -1 -33
2500-3000 28 2750=a 0 0 0
3000-3500 30 3250 500 1 30
3500-4000 22 3750 1000 2 44
4000-4500 16 4250 1500 3 48
4500-5000 7 4750 2000 4 28
Σfi = 200 Σfi di = - 35

Mean h
Σf di
¯¯ i
x̄ = a+ ×
Σf
i

¯¯
x̄ = 2750 + −35

200
× 500
¯¯
x̄ = 2750 - 87.5
¯¯
x̄ = 2662.5
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