Metodika-Mövzu 1- The lesson
The lesson is a goal oriented evvent that appears in most cultures. The may vary in topics, atmosphere,
materials, methodology but they have basic elements in common. Their main objective is learning and
attended by a predetermined population of learners and pre-scheduled for the place and time.
The lesson is a very complex construct which fulfils different functions and can be seen from a variety of
perspectives by different people. There are metaphors like (a television show, a football game, a menu,
wedding, eating meal, a conversation and etc) that can reflect the reality of Eng lesson. Every person
have their own choice of metaphor of how they feel about the lesson
Metaphors:
Cooperative interaction
Metaphor of conversation but also represented by the wedding, the TV show, football game. In this
image of L. the most important thing is dynamic relationship among students or students and teacher. A
lesson is smth that involves cooperative social interaction and promotes the participation of all
members of the class.
Goal oriented effort, involving hard work
Climbing mountain or football game is appropriate metaphor for this one. This image suggests the
existence of worthy objective, effort to attain it and a resulting sense of satisfaction of failure or victory.
Interesting experience
Tv show, game, eating. Enjoyment may be based on interest, challenge fun, entertainment or
satisfaction of a need. The main participants should enjoy and be motivated.
A role based culture
Roles of participants are pre-determined. If the lesson is perceived in this way, Then the role of the
teacher incolves responsibility and activity, students-responsiveness and receptivity. Consultation with a
doctor or the wedding may represent a role-based culture of this kind.
A social event with elements of ceremony
Wedding, TV show. There certain set of behaviors that occur every time: there may be certain kind of
introduction or ending.
A series of free choices
Menu, conversation. Participants are free to do their own thing within a set of choices or a relatively
loose structure, they make their own decisions during progress as It progresses and the teacher is less of
an authority figure than facilitator.
Functions of the Teacher in the English language lesson
In 20 century there was a strong reaction against old-fashioned image of the teacher as dictator and
lecturer. As a result teachers start to see themselves mainly as supporters of learning as ‘facilitators’
who teach how to think, rather than ‘ tellers’ who just telling facts. Condemnations of the “mug and jug”
Functions:
Instructor-teacher provides info about the language: its sounds, grammar, words and communicative
use. The most essential teaching skills are the ability to provide appropriate samples of spoken and
written lang.
Activator
Teacher who provides tasks that activate the students and get them to do smth that involves engaging
with the forms, meanings and uses of lang.
Model
Teacher represent the prototype of the English speaker during a lesson. It’s your Accent, writing and
lang usages that students will use as their model
Provider of feedback
Teacher provides feedback on student in oral or written way. Students should know what they are doing
wrong or not so well, in order to improve themselves
Supporter
The teacher encourages students, help the understand, suggests learning strategies or resources and
this encourages students to become independent learners
Assessor
Teachers have to spend some lesson time assessing students. This might be formally (graded classroom
tests) or informally (quick quizzes or dictations). In any process we need to know where we are in order
to know where to go next and assessment provides vital info on student present achievements
Manager
The management of lesson includes activities such as bringing the class together at the beginning of the
L. and group work as well as making sure that individuals are attending and responding appropriately.
Motivator
The level of initial student motivation may vary, but whether the lesson is interesting or boring is largely
up on the teacher.
Interaction patterns in the lesson
The most common type of interaction is “Initiation-Response-Feedback” . The initiative does
not always have to be in hands of teachers and may be between students and materials.
Patterns:
[Link] talk. Silent response such as writing; no initiative on the part of the student
[Link] response. Teacher gives model which is repeated by all the class together or gives cue
which is responded to in chorus
3. Closed-ended teacher questioning-Teacher invites response to a cue that has 1 right answer,
nominates 1 student to respond and approves or correct the answer
[Link]-enden tq-but there a number of possible right answers
5. Full class interaction-Students debate a topic or do a language task as a class and the teacher
acts as a discussion leader
[Link] initiates teacher answers-interviewing simulation
7. Individual work-students work independently on an activity or task assigned by the teacher.
8. Collaboration-group work on an exercise or task in order to achieve the best results they can
by collaborating
9. Group work-they work in group on interaction-based tasks; students conveying info to each
other
10. Self-access-students choose themselves what they want to do and work on paper-based or
computer based tasks