MIDTERM EXAMINATION

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE

I. Multiple Choice. In your test booklet, write the corresponding letter of the word or set of words
that correctly completes the statement or answers the question.
Use CAPITAL letters. STRICTLY NO ERASURES. (80 points)

1. Which of the following do you expect to occur when smooth muscle tissues contract?
A. Blood will be ejected out of the heart.
B. The rib cage will expand to allow air in the lungs.
C. Food will pass through the esophagus
D. Flexion will occur at the muscle.

2. A patient is experiencing muscle spasms in their leg. The doctor prescribes a medication that
blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. What is the MOST LIKELY effect
of this medication on the patient's muscle spasms?
A. The medication will worsen the muscle spasms by increasing acetylcholine levels.
B. The medication will reduce the muscle spasms by decreasing acetylcholine levels.
C. The medication will have no effect on the muscle spasms as it does not directly affect muscle
excitability.
D. The medication will increase muscle excitability, leading to more frequent spasms.

3. Nurse Ayn assessed the patient with no heartbeat with stiffen and contract muscle extremities.
The patient hasn't left his bed for four hours, according to relative. This is a condition of ______, and
the primary reason is __________:
A. Pallor Mortis - The body's temperature decreases, slowing down metabolic processes.
B. Rigor Mortis - The breakdown of ATP prevents the detachment of myosin from actin.
C. Pallor Mortis - The accumulation of lactic acid causes muscle stiffness.
D. Rigor Mortis - The release of calcium ions triggers uncontrolled muscle contractions.

4. Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of the sliding filament theory?
A. The sarcomere shortens during muscle contraction.
B. Thick and thin filaments slide past each other during contraction.
C. The z lines move closer together during contraction.
D. Thick and thin filaments shortens during contraction.

5. Gracielle is a famous marathon runner is experiencing muscle fatigue and cramping at the end
of the race. Which of the following physiological processes is MOST LIKELY contributing to the
runner's muscle fatigue and cramping?
A. Depletion of glycogen stores, leading to reduced energy production.
B. Accumulation of lactic acid, causing a decrease in muscle ph and impaired function.
C. Exhaustion of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, reducing muscle excitability.
D. Damage to muscle fibers, leading to inflammation and pain.

6. Varsity player Axl sustains a muscle strain during a training session. He experience pain,
swelling, and limited range of motion. Which of the following statement explains the why Axl’s
muscle strain?
A. An overextending tearing of tendons or muscle tissue.
B. An overstretching tearing of ligaments.
C. A compression of a nerve, causing pain in affected muscle.
D. An inflammation of the joint capsule, limiting joint movement.

7. A well-known artist, Fredie is using a brush to create complicated details in a painting. Which
muscle is responsible for the painter's ability to stabilize their hand and control the brush with
precision?
[Link] anterior
 Midterm Examination in NCM 100 – Theoretical Foundations of Nursing

[Link] maximus
C. Sternocleidomastoid
[Link]

8. Nathalie, a ballet dancer performs graceful movement. She warms up her feet through
dorsiflexion. Dorsiflexion is:
A. Bending the foot upwards towards the shin.
B. Bending the foot downwards towards the ground.
C. Turning the foot inward.
D. Turning the foot outward.

9. During the final game for badminton doubles, Jeremiah experienced pain in his elbow, which
worsens when as he serve. What type of tendonitis might they have?
A. Achilles tendonitis
B. Wrist tendonitis
C. Epicondylitis
D. Carpal tunnel syndrome

10. A runner is experiencing pain in their heel that is worse in the morning. What type of
tendonitis might they have?
A. Patellar tendonitis
B. Achilles tendonitis
C. De Quervain's tenosynovitis
D. Epicondylitis

11. The doctor ordered an intramuscular injection in the vastus lateralis. Nurse Jacques knows the
vastus lateralis is located on the:
A. The lateral of the thigh
B. The anterior of the thigh
C. The posterior of the thigh
D. The medial of the thigh

12. Place the following steps of muscle contraction in the correct order:
I. Myosin heads bind to actin, forming cross-bridges.
II. The sarcomere shortens as actin filaments slide past myosin filaments.
III. The action potential travels along the T-tubules and triggers the release of calcium ions
from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
IV. A nerve impulse triggers the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.
V. Calcium ions bind to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move away from the myosin-
binding sites on actin.
VI. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the muscle fiber membrane, initiating an action
potential.

A. IV, VI, III, V, II, I B. IV, III, IV, V, I, II C. VI, IV, III, V, I, II D. IV, VI, III, V, I, II

13. Satoshi, a Japanese business man is exercising during the cold weather to feel warm. Why do
muscles generate more heat during intense exercise?
A. Increase sweating from the sweat glands
B. Friction of myosin and actin produce heat
C. More ATP metabolism occurs that may produce heat
D. There is an increase blood flow in the extremities

14. Weightlifters have which type of muscle fiber that is used for powerful, quick movements and
contract rapidly but fatigue quickly?
A. Slow-twitch fibers B. Fast-twitch fibers C. Slow Oxidative Fibers D. Slow glycolytic

Prepared by: Joan Taroma, RN, MSN & Eleen Grace Castillo, RN
Page 2 of 4 First Semester 2024-2025
 Midterm Examination in NCM 100 – Theoretical Foundations of Nursing

15. Oliver is experiencing muscle cramps during NBA final game. Which of the following factors
might contribute to this?
A. Dehydration
B. Electrolyte imbalance
C. Muscle fatigue
D. All of the above

16. Cardiac muscle is:

17. Which of the following DOES NOT affect the composition of muscle fibers?
A. Shift towards slow-twitch fibers
B. Increased fat infiltration
C. Changes in muscle fiber structure
D. Increase response to exercise

18. Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the vertebral column and compressing the
abdomen?
A. Transversus abdominis
B. External oblique
C. Rectus abdominis
D. Internal oblique

20. Which muscle plays a key role in shaping the mouth and controlling the flow of air during
speech?
A. Orbicularis oris
B. Buccinator
C. Temporalis
D. Frontalis

20. Which muscle, when contracted, pulls the corners of the mouth upwards, creating a smile?
A. Orbicularis oris
B. Buccinator
C. Zygomaticus major
D. Temporalis

ANSWER KEY:
HOTS QUESTIONS

1. C
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. D
8. A
9. C
10. B

Prepared by: Joan Taroma, RN, MSN & Eleen Grace Castillo, RN
Page 3 of 4 First Semester 2024-2025
 Midterm Examination in NCM 100 – Theoretical Foundations of Nursing

11. A
12. D
13. C
14. B

LOTS
15 D
16. D
17, D
18. C
19. B
20. C

Prepared by: Joan Taroma, RN, MSN & Eleen Grace Castillo, RN
Page 4 of 4 First Semester 2024-2025