Microelectronic Circuits
LECTURE 2
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Outline
• Review
• Amplifier Saturation
• Non-Linear Transfer Characteristics(T.F) and
Biasing
• Circuit Models for Amplifiers
• Voltage Amplifiers
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Recap
• Microelectronic (VLSI) Revolution
• Analog Vs Digital Signal
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Amplifier
Power and Current Gain
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Gain in dB(Decibels)
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Transfer Characterstics(T.F)
Chapter 1 Introduction to Electronics of
amplifier(Ideal)
Figure 1.11
Amplifier with 2 power supplies
The dc power delivered to the amplifier is
Amplifier with 2 power supplies
The power dissipated in the amplifier circuit denoted by Pdissipated
Power –balance equation for the amplifier is
Amplifier efficiency is
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T.F of Amplifier with 2 power supplies
L+ and L- are positive
and negative saturation
levels
Each of the two saturation levels
is usually within a volt of the
voltage of the corresponding
power supply
Amplifier with 2 power supplies
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Amplifier with 2 power supplies
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T.F of Amplifier with 2 power supplies
Inorder to avoid distortion of the output
signal waveform, the input signal
swing must be kept within the linear
range of operation
Chapter 1 Introduction to Electronics
T.F of Amplifier with
Figure 1.11 1 power supply
Practical T.F of
Amplifier with single
power supply
Non Linear T.F and Biasing
•Biasing the circuit to operate at a point near
the middle of transfer characterstics.
•This is achieved by applying a DC voltage VI
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Non Linear T.F and Biasing
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Non Linear T.F and Biasing
Non Linear T.F and Biasing
This point is called quiescent (Q) point
Non Linear T.F and Biasing
• The time varying signal to be amplified vi(t) is
then superimposed on the dc bias voltage V I
• The total instataneous input vI(t) is
Non Linear T.F and Biasing
• Amplitude of vi(t) should be sufficiently small
for linear operation
• The time varying output vO(t) is
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Non Linear T.F and Biasing
Where AV is the slope of the
almost linear segment of the
transfer curve
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Voltage and Current Sources
Circuit Symbols
Vbattery Isource
12 V 1A
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Different Types of Amplifiers
•Voltage Amplifier
•Current Amplifier
•TransConductance Amplifier
•TransResistance Amplifier
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Four Different Types of Amplifiers
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Four Different Types of Amplifiers
Voltage
Amplifier
Current
Amplifier
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Four Different Types of Amplifiers
Transconductance
Amplifier
Transresistance
Amplifier
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Ideal Input and output impedance
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Voltage Amplifier
Input resistance Ri
Output resitance R0
Open circuit voltage gain AVo
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Voltage Amplifier (Input section)
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Voltage Amplifier (Input section)
• Inorder not to lose a significant portion of the
input signal in coupling the signal source to
the amplifier input ,the amplifier must be
designed to have input resistance Ri must
greater than Rs
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Voltage Amplifier (Input section)
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Voltage Amplifier (Input section)
Ri >> Rs
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Voltage Amplifier (Output section)
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Voltage Amplifier (Output section)
• Using voltage divider rule
Voltage Gain is given by
Voltage Amplifier (Output section)
Voltage Gain is given by
Inorder not to lose gain in coupling amplifier output
to a load, the output resistance R0 should be smaller
than the load resistance RL
Ro <<RL
• Overall voltage Gain vo /vs can be found by
using
Cascading of Amplifiers