BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 2
LOT PLAN
LOT PLAN
- a basic drawing
that shows the
precise bearing
magnitude, shape,
and size of the
property line.
KIND OF LAND TITLES
- OCT (Original Certificate of Title)
- TCT (Transfer Certificate of Title)
- CCT (Condominium Certificate of Title)
- Patent (Administrative Titling)
WORKING DRAWING PROFESSIONALS
a. Geodetic Engineer, in case of lot survey plans;
b. Architect, in case of architectural documents; in case of
architectural interior/interior design documents, either an
architect or interior designer may sign;
c. Civil Engineer, in case of civil/structural documents;
d. Professional Electrical Engineer, in case of electrical
documents;
e. Professional Mechanical Engineer, in case of mechanical
documents;
f. Sanitary Engineer, in case of sanitary documents;
g. Master Plumber, in case of plumbing documents;
h. Electronics Engineer, in case of electronics documents.
ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
Architectural drawing can be termed as the mother drawing for all the
other drawings used for construction. It should include the following:
✓ Site Development Plans And may the following:
✓ Location Plans ✓ Schedule of Doors and
✓ Perspective Windows
✓ Floor Plans ✓ Schedule of Finishes
✓ Elevations ✓ Reflected Ceiling Plans
✓ Sections ✓ Roof Plan
✓ Reflected Ceiling Plan
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
1ST Page (Cover Page): A-1
✓ Site Development Plans
Lot Plan
✓ Technical Description
✓ Location Plan
Vicinity Map
✓ Perspective
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
Site Development the general layout and configuration of a site, including building footprints,
Plans parking and street layout, conceptual landscaping and lighting, site cross-
section drawings, and building elevations.
Elevation is drawn from a vertical plane looking straight on to a building facade or interior
surface; A vertical view of a building’s facade or interior
Section are a specific type of drawing architects use to illustrate a building or portion of a
building. It reveals internal spatial relationships by cutting through the structure.
Section are a specific type of drawing architects use to illustrate a building or portion of
a building.
Roof Plan a plan of a building or house that is not cutting through the building but drawn
from above.
Call-outs an area within the plan that is drawn at a larger scale.
Blow-up Drawing an exploded-view technical drawing of a part of the building, that shows the
details, relationship, or order of assembly of various parts.
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
Technical A technical description of the land is a detailed account of the location,
description coordinates, perimeter points, area, and even the land use classification of the
specified land.
Reflected is a plan of the ceiling within a space. This is drawn looking down as if there is
Ceiling Plan a mirror on the floor reflecting the ceiling.
This architectural drawing will show lighting, structure, ceiling heights, soffits,
etc.
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
Setback
Rule
STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS
INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS
Structural drawings are a type of technical drawing used in
the field of civil and structural engineering to illustrate the
design and details of a structure.
The Architect in this area of practice conceives, chooses, and
develops the type, disposition, arrangement, and
proportioning of the structural elements of an architectural
work, giving due consideration to safety, cost-effectiveness,
functionality, and aesthetics.
STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS
Structural drawings should include the following:
:
✓ General Notes ✓ Framing Plan (if there are
✓ Foundation Plan upper floors)
✓ Details of Column ✓ Schedule of Beams
✓ Details of Footing ✓ Reinforcement Drawings
✓ Details of CHB Walls
✓ Roof Plan
✓ Roof Framing Plan
✓ Truss Details
GENERAL NOTES
GENERAL NOTES
FOUNDATION PLAN
This drawing shows the layout and dimensions of the
foundation of the structure. It includes details about the
type of foundation (e.g., shallow or deep), footing sizes,
location and reinforcement.
➢ Column Footing
➢ Wall Footing
➢ Specifications
➢ Level of Elevation
FRAMING PLAN
This shows the layout of the structural framework or skeleton of the building. It includes details about
the beams, columns, and floors. There can be separate framing plans for each level of the building.
FOOTING
FOOTING refers to a structural element that
supports and distributes the load from a building
or other structures to the ground or foundation
soil. Footings are typically located beneath the
lowest part of a structure, such as the base of a
column or wall.
F1-C1 means Footing
1 - Column 1
(The designation depends
on its size and arrangement)
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS (CHB)
Concrete hollow blocks (CHB), also known as concrete
masonry units (CMUs) or concrete blocks, are a type of
construction material commonly used in building walls.
They are made from a mixture of Portland cement, water,
aggregates (such as sand or crushed stone), and often
additional additives or admixtures. The primary
characteristic that distinguishes hollow blocks from solid
blocks is the presence of voids or hollow spaces within the
block.
STRUCTURAL SECTIONS
These are cross-sectional views of the structure, providing a "cut-away" view to show how different
components connect with each other.
SCHEDULES
These are tables included in the structural drawings that provide details about the beams, columns,
and slabs. They include information such as size, length, number, and location.
REINFORCEMENT DRAWINGS
These show the arrangement of steel reinforcement in concrete structures. They include details about
the size, spacing, and location of the reinforcement.
Roof Truss and Joist Drawings: These
provide details about the roof structure,
including the layout and connection details
of trusses and joists
OTHER STRUCTURAL NOTES
STRUCTURAL NOTES
28 days all concrete shall develop a minimum compressive strength
7 days concrete shall be kept moist for a minimum of how many days after pouring
14 days stripping of formworks and shores for beams after pouring
General notes these drawings provide an overview of the project
SOD Slab on grade
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Minimum size of an RCC column
• should not be less than 9” x 12” (225mm x 300mm) with 4 bars
of 12 MM Fe415 Steel
• 8 MM stirrups at a distance of 150 MM center to center
throughout the length of column.
Span (distance) between two columns
• A span of up to 5 meters is quite safe.
• 6 meters is also acceptable, provided you include stiffener at 3
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Alignment of Columns
• A grid column placement is always preferred to reduce point
loads and unnecessary complications while construction.
Layout
• Sometimes called “ Staking out”
• Process of relocating the point of boundaries and the property
line of the site where the building is to be constructed
Column grid layouts:
⚬ Center to Center ⚬ Outer to Outer
⚬ Center to Outer ⚬ Inside to Inside
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Layout
• STAKE
Wooden sticks are used as
posts driven into the ground to
serve as boundaries or supports
for the batter boards.
• BATTERBOARD
Wooden sticks or boards nailed
horizontally where the reference point of
building measurements are established
• STRING
Plastic chord or galvanized wire across
the batter board is used to indicate the
outline of the building wall and
foundation
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Layout
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Layout
• Most building plans are parallel with the fronting street; the
setback of the building from the road is first verified from the
plan and is marked as the reference line.
• Process of relocating the point of boundaries and the
property line of the site where the building is to be
constructed.
• Establishing the exact location of the building foundation and
wall line on the ground.
• In short, the process of transferring the building plan
measurements to the ground of the site.
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Layout and Excavation
• Most building plans are parallel with the fronting street; the
setback of the building from the road is first verified from the plan
and is marked as the reference line.
• Major excavations involve sheeting, bracing, or underpinning,
except in rare cases where soil is too fluid or loose.
• To fix a batter board in a horizontal position, use a leveling
instrument, such as a level hose with water.
• Establishing the exact location of the building foundation and wall
line on the ground.
• In short, the process of transferring the building plan
measurements to the ground of the site.
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Parts of the Structural Elements
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Parts of the Structural Elements
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Parts of the Structural Elements
STRUCTURAL REVIEWER
Reinforcing Bars
ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS
An electrical drawing is a type of technical drawing that shows information
about power, lighting, and communication for an engineering or architectural project
PROFESSIONALS INVOLVED AND THEIR SCOPE
REE (Registered Electrical Engineer).
•A registered electrical engineers field of practice
includes charge or supervision of operation and
maintenance of electrical equipment in power
plants, industrial plants, watercraft, electric
locomotive, and others; manufacture and repair of
electrical supply and utilization equipment including
switchboards, power transformers, generators,
motors, apparatus, and others; teaching of electrical
subjects; and sale and distribution of electrical
equipment and systems requiring engineering
circulations or application of engineering data;
Building Utilities 2
PROFESSIONALS INVOLVED AND THEIR SCOPE
RME (Registered Master Electrician).
•A registered master electricians field of practice includes
the installation, wiring, operation, maintenance and repair
of electrical machinery, equipment and devices, in
residential, commercial, institutional, commercial and
industrial buildings, in power plants, substations,
watercrafts, electric locomotives, and the like: Provided,
That if the installation or the machinery is rated in excess of
five hundred kilovolt-amperes (500 Kva), or in excess of six
hundred volts (600 V) the work shall be under the
supervision of a professional electrical engineer or a
registered electrical engineer.
SYMBOLS IN ELECTRICAL WORKING DRAWING
Electrical symbols are the standard
technique to represent an electrical
circuit. It makes the graphical
representation easier to work on and
implement. The electrical symbols
represent various components,
devices, and functionalities present in
a circuit. It helps to show the details
of an electrical diagram so that can
adequately plan a circuit before
actually working on it.
ELECTRICAL NOTES
Load schedule shows a list of estimated power consumption that is useful in
determining the needed feeder line supply and panel board sizing
Electrical riser schematic illustration of the electrical system of a building or
diagram facility, showing the distribution of power and lighting circuits from
the source of supply to various loads and equipment throughout
the building.
Circuit Home Run A symbol graphically represents the wiring of a circuit to a central
location that acts as the distribution point (Panel Board) of the
power to the electrical fixture
The ampacity of the connected load shall not exceed ___ of the
80 %
amperage capacity of the conductor and fuse in an electrical
system.
PLUMBING DRAWINGS
PLUMBING & SANITARY DRAWINGS
• Plumbing and sanitary plans are technical drawings or diagrams that detail
the layout and installation of plumbing and sanitary systems within a building.
These plans are an integral part of architectural and engineering drawings and
serve as a guide for contractors and plumbers during construction.
• These drawings are typically created by Plumbing & Sanitary Engineers
• The three main types of plumbing systems installed in
residential and commercial buildings are:
1. Potable ( WATERLINE)
2. Sanitary ( SEWER)
3. Stormwater ( DRAINAGE) systems
PLUMBING & SANITARY DRAWINGS
Potable Waterline: This refers to the part of the
plumbing system responsible for delivering safe and
clean drinking water to various fixtures and appliances
within a building. Potable waterlines typically consist of
pipes, fittings, valves, and other components that
transport water from the main water supply source
(such as a municipal water line or a well) to points of use
like
• faucets,
• showers,
• toilets,
• and appliances like dishwashers and washing
machines.
The potable waterline ensures that occupants have
access to water suitable for drinking, cooking,
bathing, and other domestic uses.
PLUMBING & SANITARY DRAWINGS
Sanitary Sewer System: The sanitary sewer system is
designed to collect and convey wastewater from
plumbing fixtures and appliances within a building to
a treatment facility (usually a septic tank for
residential houses) or a disposal point, where it is
processed and treated before being released into
the environment. This system consists of a network of
underground pipes, gravity flow systems, pumping
stations, manholes, and other structures that
transport wastewater away from the building.
2% typical slope of horizontal sanitary
sewer piping
PLUMBING & SANITARY DRAWINGS
Stormwater Drainage System: The stormwater
drainage system is responsible for managing
rainwater runoff and surface water drainage from
rooftops, paved areas, and landscapes around a
building. This system prevents flooding, erosion, and
water damage by collecting stormwater and
directing it away from the building and surrounding
areas.
Stormwater drainage systems typically include
gutters, downspouts, drains, pipes, catch basins,
and retention or detention ponds. Unlike the
sanitary sewer system, which transports wastewater
for treatment, the stormwater drainage system
primarily focuses on managing excess rainwater and
preventing water-related hazards.
PLUMBING & SANITARY DRAWINGS
REFERENCE:
REVISED NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
WATER LINE LAYOUT
UPVC PIPE
PE PIPE PPR PIPE
Sizes = ½” ( 12.7mm) inch to ¾” inch ( 19.05mm)
Common Water Line Pipes
PLUMBING NOTES
300 mm minimum dimension of air space
between the top of the sewage and
the under part of tank’s roof slab.