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Understanding do-while Loops in Programming

The document discusses the do-while loop, a post-test control structure that executes its body at least once before evaluating the condition. It highlights the importance of using a sentinel value to indicate the end of data input and compares different types of loops: while, do-while, and for. The do-while loop is particularly useful in menu-driven programs, allowing users to make multiple choices until they decide to exit.

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Syed Mazhar Hussain Jaffery
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3 views13 pages

Understanding do-while Loops in Programming

The document discusses the do-while loop, a post-test control structure that executes its body at least once before evaluating the condition. It highlights the importance of using a sentinel value to indicate the end of data input and compares different types of loops: while, do-while, and for. The do-while loop is particularly useful in menu-driven programs, allowing users to make multiple choices until they decide to exit.

Uploaded by

Syed Mazhar Hussain Jaffery
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Week# 9

Control Structure – Repetition

Dr Taimur Ahmed
Department of IT & CS, PAF-IAST
Lecture# 20
do-while loop
do-while Loop
❑ General format of do-while loop

do

{
statement 1;
statement 2;

}
while (expression);

Lecture# 20 - do-while Loop | 3


do-while Loop
do

{
statement 1;
statement 2;

}
while (expression);

❑ do-while is a post-test loop – executes the body and then test the
expression
❑ Note that a semicolon is required after (expression)

Lecture# 20 - do-while Loop | 4


do-while Loop – Flowchart

Lecture# 20 - do-while Loop | 5


do-while Loop – Example
int x = 1;
do
{
cout << x << endl;
}
while(x < 0);

❑ Although the test expression is false, this loop will execute one time
because do-while loop is a post-test loop.

Lecture# 20 - do-while Loop | 6


do-while Loop
❑ Loop always executes at least once
❑ Execution continues as long as expression is true, stops repetition
when expression becomes false
❑ Useful in menu-driven programs to bring user back to menu to make
another choice

Lecture# 20 - do-while Loop | 7


do-while Loop – Example 1

Lecture# 20 - do-while Loop | 8


Sentinels
Sentinels
❑ Sentinel: value in a list of values that indicates end of data

❑ Special value that cannot be confused with a valid value, e.g., -999 for
a test score

❑ Used to terminate input when user may not know how many values will
be entered

Lecture# 20 - do-while Loop | 10


Sentinels – Example 2

Lecture# 20 - do-while Loop | 11


Which loop to use?
Which loop to use???
❑ The while loop is a conditional pre-test loop
➢ Iterates as long as a certain condition exits
➢ Validating input
➢ Reading lists of data terminated by a sentinel

❑ The do-while loop is a conditional post-test loop


➢ Always iterates at least once
➢ Repeating a menu

❑ The for loop is a pre-test loop


➢ Built-in expressions for initializing, testing, and updating
➢ Situations where the exact number of iterations is known

Lecture# 20 - do-while Loop | 13

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