TOPIC:
ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS OF
EQUIPMENT'
INTRODUCTION
What is equipment?
The simple definition that can be given to
an equipment is that; "an
likened to a "Black Box" that is reauired to
equipment can be
deliver some functions". Thesé functions are
highlighted with their "Specifications".
To fully understand this course, good understandings of the following
disciplines are very
essentia).
Electroniccomponents identification
The reading understanding of circuit diagrams
The correct interpretation of various test point readings
Measuring instrunents and testing methods
Operating principles and common active components
Typical component and circuit faults,
CHAPTER ONE
rHE MAINTENANCE
1 PURPOSE,rYPE AND PROCEDURE
The aim of maintenance 1s to guarantee a good standard of operation of
severe degradation of apparatus, equipment and infrastructures. cquipment and prevent
CENERAL MAINTENANCE APPR0ACHESARE.
Routine maintenance
Preventive maintenance
11. Correctivemainternance
Harzard maintenance
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND ROUTINE MAINTENANCEARE:
"Preventive Maintenance consists of inspection of machines, equipment, apparatus. circuit of
existing system, infrastructures and checking of monitoring devices where available at regular
intervals This procedure eliminates potential faults before they cari have a noticeable effect on
service.
'Corrective Maintenance consists of the search for and removal of faults after they have had a
noticeable effect.
Ihe implementation of the maintenance programme comprises oT
Operation
The personnel to be employed
Ihemaintenance ajds which should be available
OPERATION
Operation consists of a number of observations and data collections which in conjunction
with the list of
he
task to be Performed at certain recommended periods, will allowthe planning of
maintenance action intended to prevent or locate irregularities.
bservaion and Data Collection Forms the most important input information for planning. The
information collected requires clear interpretation.
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MAINTENANCE PLANNING
inspection enable the maintenene.
The source of input infornmation, observations and periodic
programme to be planned.
necessary from one or
Maintenance is done by scheduling the work either because it appears
inspection period starts
several observations or because the inspectjon period has elapsed. The
an observation or to elapse of the
from the last inspection no matter whether this was due to
function which aim at obtaining
previous inspection period. Maintenance Planning is a logical
the best results in terms of quality of services."
MAINTENANCE ACTION
The action resulting from this procedure are two general types
() Immediate response to Urgent Fault Conditions.
(i) A scheduling of task tobe perform over a period of time.
Task which may be necessary are:
Functional test of Circuits, Machines, etc.
Measurenments and Observations to acquire more int
Mechanical inspection of apparatus
The source of information also include:
Alarms
Supervision
Complaints
Quality of service
Observation and data-collectioD should lead us to maintenance planning and maintenance
planning leads us to maintenance action as shown below.
Observationand JDatu Collcction
Mainteihance Planning
Maintengnce Action
Testing and F'aulty Finding
Inspection
Further inquiry
Immediute repair
IaultStatistic should be compiled to hclp in the programme.
used to enter important information about each fault-deteced.
be
A fault report record should
include the date of fault, the type of equipment in which the fault
The information should for
fault and the action taken: all these provide relevant information
occurred, the cause of the
future maintenance work.
PERSONNEL,
Actn
the
the maintenance effort correctly, the maintenance personnel for
Inorder to plan and apply interpreting
have good understanding of the systems, Machines and capable of
University should
The following is given as a guide to aid reçruiting of personnel.
Observation and Data.
pre-requisite with a qualification relevant to field of operation and
Education should be
desirable.
expericnce in the (icld of also
them to
baving been selected, thc personnel should receive training to cnablc
-After
systems, machines or the cquipment
Understand the function and operation of the
they are to maintain.
interpreting itregard the performance of the machinc or equipment
Analyze data and
in their carc.
replacement as the situation denand.
Make apparatus checks, adjustments and or
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Personnel who are to assume minor responsibility could receive less training on their s
operation, it can be worthwhile to hàve a few speciali[ts{ir some area whosc only responsibility
is tomake all mechanical chccks and adjustments necéssary.
The size of the maintenance staff is difficult to determine in advance by a gencral rule as i :x
infuence by several factors. Some of these are the skill and expericnce ofthe. personnc), the si.
the nunmber and type of the machincs, equipment or infrastructures allocated to the maintenance
staff.
MAINTENANCE AIDS
Maintenance equipment should be máde available to the maintenance staff in order to be able to
respond to or discharge their duty accordingly.
Tools and Spare Parts
Te_ing and Fault-finding Equipment
Measurement Equipment
Workshop
Stationeries for Docunentation
Report records and Maintenance Documents are necessary Maintenance Manuals.
2. SAFETY ON GROUNDS OF
In most Industries a wide range of INDUSTRIAL
measures
ESTA
to ensure safety
STABLISHMENT
on the_goods of Industrial and prevent accidents exist. Safety
worker is allowed tó
establishment
practice
or
inmplies safety to life and properties. Infact no new
work until he has bcen
safety rules. instructed and has learncd the
nccessary
emule
varies from factory to factory and
Department to Department. Simply put, the set of
nfoty rules in an industry epends on the nature of
assignment being carried out and the actual
dangers that may from there arise. It is therefore no coincident that the
set of rules and
womlations in Department A ditfers from that of Department Beven when both A
and B are in
the same factory.
Nevertheless, despite the disparity in safety measures, certain fundamental rules apply to nearly
all industrial establishmentsranging from allsmall laboratories to a gigantic steel rooting mill.
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TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL DANGERS FIA MEDOa
}. Fire Outbroke
. Inter-shop Traffic
>Electric Shocks
>_Mis-use of tools/machinery
>Open Trenches
>,Slippery Ground
>Structural Failure
> Staff Incompetence
> Dangerous Handling of Chemicals, Fumes Vapour and Gas
>,Flying Particles
> Absence of Personal Hygiene etc.
Some basic rules are as given below:
i) Avoid working with loose dress This would prevent being caught by the ratting
machinery in the factory or Laboratory.
(ü) Wear protective shoes while working with electrical machinery/installation.
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(i) Usc appropriate tools for a given job.
been used To
(iv) 'Soldering irons must be kept ón stands pYovidedexcept"when actually
prevent fire out break or self burning.
(v) Clean the work place at the end of the year.
sujtable guides, hoos or
(vi) All rotating parts (toothed wheels, pulleys) must be covered by
SCreens.
covered as loose hair [Link]
(vi) Women working on rotating! machines must have their head
caught by moving parts and course serious injury.
winding, machines and similar machiFe
(vii), Operators of metal cutting, wood cuting wire.W
could be, of serious danger to health
nust use protcctive goggles as flying particles advisable to wash
(ix) 1s important to observe all
[Link] personal hygiene. It is nost
hand with water and soap than with petrol.
and susceptible to various skin
Frequent washing of hands with petrol leaves the hand dry
diseases.
present a fire hazard.
(x) Where flammable liquids vapour and or gas are used; they always
smoking in this
Any open flame; the striking of matches and even the striking of small
environment is also prohibited.
(xi) The presence of High voltage should carry a warning notice such as "CAREFUL! HIGH
VOLTAGE" in Red colour and on a white background.
SAFETY IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ESTABLISHMENT
(IEE Regulation)
Most of the basic rules mentioned above are applicable in an Electrical Engineering workshop
i.e. Laboratory, winding shop, battery rooms etc. however, the greatest danger on the grounds of
Electrical Engineering Establishment are dangers from fire and electric shock in the Utilization
of Electricity.
Towards this end, the Institute of Electrical Engineers IEE Great Britain) that the following
classes of Electrical Installations comply with some statutory Regulations.
These rcgulations are designed to ensure safety from fire and block in the Uilization of
Electricity. Copies of those regulations available in most bookshops. It'svery important that any
aspiring Electrical Engineer should possess and master the contents of these books.
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TYPES OF INSTALLATION STATUTORY REGULATION
A. Installations generally, subject to Electricity supply regulations.
certain exemptions.
B. Factory Installations Eléctricity (factory Acts)
C. Cinematograph Installations Cinematograph Regulations made under
cinematograph act.
D. Coal mine Installations/Including Quarries (Electricity)
Stratified ion stone shale, or fire clay Regulation 1956
E. Metalliferous Mine Installations Miscellaneous mines electricity
Regulations, 1956.
Once the provisions of the statutory Regulations have been adhered to, both at the process of
designing the Installations and the utilizations, very little dangers would therefore be
ençountered