CLOs

CLO:1 CLO:2 CLO:3 CLO:4

Assessment
Modules
Assignments (10%) √ √
Project Presentations (20%) √ √
Quizzes (10%) √ √
Midterm Exam (20%) √ √
Final Exam (40%) √ √
 PLO’s
CLO-1 CLO-2 CLO-3 CLO-4
CLO’s
PLO-1
(Engineering Knowledge)
PLO-2
√
(Problem Analysis)
PLO-3
(Design/Development of
Solutions)
PLO-4
(Investigation)
PLO-5
(Modern Tool Usage)
PLO-6
(The Engineer and
Society)
PLO-7
(Environment and √
Sustainability)
PLO-8
(Ethics)
PLO-9
(Individual and Team
work)
PLO-10
(Communication)
PLO-11
(Project Management)
PLO-12
(Lifelong Learning)
Introduction to
Environmental
Engineering
Ecology is that branch of biology that
deals with the relationship between
organisms and their environment.

Everything that affects an organism

from outside, during its life, is collectively
known as environment.
What is Environmental Engineering?

The application of science and engineering knowledge

and concepts to care for and/or restore natural
environment and / or to solve environmental issues.

Who does it affect?

Factors Causing Environmental Issues!

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals of
global concern due to their potential for long-range
transport, persistence in the environment, ability to bio-
magnify and bio-accumulate in ecosystems, as well as
their significant negative effects on human health and
the environment. Humans are exposed to these
chemicals in a variety of ways: mainly through the food
we eat, but also through the air we breathe, in the
outdoors, indoors and at the workplace. Many products
used in our daily lives may contain POPs, which have
been added to improve product characteristics, such as
as flame retardants or surfactants. As a result, POPs can
be found virtually everywhere on our planet in
measurable concentrations.
Examples of Persistent organic
pollutants (POPs)
What are form of environmental issues?
AIR POLLUTION
Air Quality

Why is air quality such a problem?

Poor air quality can lead to:

- Somg
- Acid rains,
- Respiratory & other illness,
- Global warming
 Air Quality

Pollutant is a substance that can

cause harm to any living organism
specifically humans. Commonly
known pollutants are:
- Nitrogen oxide (NOx) Effects of acid rain on plants
- Sulphur oxides (SOx)
- Carbon monoxide (CO)
- Carbon dioxide (CO2)
How can we reduce air pollutants?

Hybrid car

Alternate fuel
Alternate Energy Resources

Prefer Walk
Greenhouse Gases & Global Warming

In order, the most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are:

• Water vapor (H2O)
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Methane (CH4)
• Nitrous oxide (N2O)
• Ozone (O3)
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
• Hydrofluorocarbons (includes HCFCs and HFCs)
LAND POLLUTION
Land Quality

Land Pollution is the destruction of the Earth’s

Surface caused by human activities and the
misuse of natural resources.

Natural resources: Land and raw materials that

exist naturally in the environment undisturbed by
humans.

- Renewable resources are the ones that can

be replaced by a natural process.
- Non-renewable resources are the ones that
can not be reproduced or reused.
What problems arise from land pollution?
Acid mine drainage Pesticides and herbicides Landfills

Land fills exist all over

the world. Their
The herbicides and
decaying materials
pesticides used to kill
release methane gas.
weeds or insects while
Acid mine drainage is the which is another
growing crops destroy
outflow of acidic water greenhouse gas (much
the soil and pollute
from abandoned coal worse than carbon
mines. This water is so water sources and can
dioxide) and decaying
acidic that it kills plant cause birth defects and
materials destroy the
and animal life it other diseases in
landfill soil.
encounters. humans.
How do we reduce land pollution?

Buy bio-degradable items,

Buy organic foods instead of processed foods,
Always recycle so that non-biodegradable items,
Go Organic (green pepper)
WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution

Water pollution is
the contamination of water bodies, usually as a
result of human activities. Water bodies include
for example lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and
groundwater.

Water pollution results when contaminants are

introduced into the natural environment.
Water pollution in Pakistan

Water pollution is one of the major threats to public

health in Pakistan. Drinking water quality is poorly
managed and monitored. Pakistan ranks at number 80
among 122 nations regarding drinking water quality.
Drinking water sources, both surface and groundwater
are contaminated with coliforms, toxic metals and
pesticides throughout the country. Various drinking water
quality parameters set by WHO are frequently violated.
Human activities like improper disposal of municipal
and industrial effluents and indiscriminate applications
of agrochemicals in agriculture are the main factors
contributing to the deterioration of water quality.
Microbial and chemical pollutants are the main factors
responsible exclusively or in combination for various
public health problems. [Link]
Sources of Water pollution?

Major sources of water pollution

i. Domestic sewage (almost 75-80%)
ii. Industrialization
iii. Population growth
iv. Pesticides and fertilizers
v. Plastics and polythene bags
vi. Urbanization
vii. Weak management system

10.4066/2529-8046.100020
Diseases from Water pollution?

i. Bacterial diseases (diarrhea, inflammation of intestine)

ii. Viral diseases (Hepatitis, Gastroenteritis)
iii. Parasitic diseases (diarrhea etc.)
NOISE POLLUTION
Noise pollution?

Noise pollution, also known as

environmental noise or sound pollution, is the
propagation of noise with ranging impacts on
the activity of human or animal life, most of
them harmful to a degree. The source of
outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by
machines, transport, and propagation systems.
Noise pollution?
Noise levels?

Noise level is measured

in decibels (dB). The
louder the noise, the
higher the decibels. ...
Prolonged exposure to
loud noises (75 dBA over
eight hours a day for
years) can lead to
hearing loss. The body
can also respond to
lower noise levels: sleep
can be disturbed by an
outdoor noise of 40 dBA.
SOLID WASTE
What Does a Civil Engineer Do?

Design, analyze, and construct

Structures
Dams, buildings, pipelines, and bridges
Geotechnical
Soils, foundations, slope stability
Transportation
Roads and traffic
What Does an Environmental Engineer
Do?
Monitors, models, and improves
 Water Quality
 Wastewater, drinking water, groundwater
 Air and land Quality
 Outdoor, indoor, atmospheric
 Waste management
 Solid, hazardous, recycling
What Does a Green Design Engineer
Do?
Prevents pollution and waste generation
Analyzes multi-faceted problems by
applying:
Engineering and science
Economics
Public policy
Deals with uncertainty
Builds tools (computer models) to solve
problems and assists decision makers
Green Design Research

Life cycle analysis or assessment

Energy and electricity in the economy
Green construction
Harvesting methane from landfills
Harvesting storm water
Tracking metals through the environment
THANK YOU