4 Exponents

Exercise 4.1

1. (i) 17 × 17 × 17 × 17 × 17 × 17 = b 17 l
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6

(ii) b 13 l × b 13 l × b 13 l × b 13 l × b 13 l = b 13 l
–2 –2 –2 –2 –2 –2 5

2. (i) 625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = b 5 l
81 3 ×3 × 3 × 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

(ii) 216 = 6 × 6 × 6 = 6 × 6 × 6 = b 6 l
1 1 ×1 × 1 1 1 1 1 3

= b –31 l × b –31 l × b –31 l = b –31 l

–1 (–1) × (–1) × (–1) 3
(iii) 27 = 3× 3× 3

b –4 l × b –4 l × b –4 l = b –4 l
–64 (–4) × (–4) × (–4) 3
(iv) 125 = 5× 5× 5 = 5 5 5 5

3. (i) b 7 l = 7 × 7 = 2 = 49
2 2 2 2 22 4
7
(ii) b 5 l = b 5 l × b 5 l × 5 = 125
–3 3 –3 –3 (–3) –27

(iii) b 6 l = b 6 l × b 6 l × b 6 l × b 6 l =
–1 4 –1 –1 –1 –1 (–1) 4 1
= 1296
64
(iv) b 10 l = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 =
2 5 2 2 2 2 2 25 32
= 100000
105

4 = b
1 1 l4
4. (i) The reciprocal of (–2)4 is –2
(–2)
3 = b
1 1 l3
(ii) The reciprocal of (–3)3 is –3
(–3)
(iii) Since b 9 l =
–4 2
(–4) 2

92
 The reciprocal of b 9 l is 2 = b
–4 2 92 9 l2
(–4) –4
(iv) Since b 11 l =
–5 5
(–5) 5

115
 The reciprocal of b 11 l is 5 = b –5 l
–5 5 115 11 5
–5
5. (i) (–2)3 = (–2) × (–2) × (–2) = –8
–1
The reciprocal of (–2)3 = The reciprocal of –8 = 8 .
(ii) (–5)2 = (–5) × (–5) = 25.
1
The reciprocal of (–5)2 = The reciprocal of 25 = 25 .

39
 (iii) b 11 l = 11 × 11 = 121
–2 2 (–2) × (–2) 4

The reciprocal of b 11 l = The reciprocal of 121 = 4 .

–2 2 4 121

(iv) b 4 l =
–3 3 (–3)×(–3) × (–3)
4×4×4 = –27
64

The reciprocal of b 4 l = The reciprocal of 64 = –27 .

–3 3 –27 64

6. (i) b 2 l × b 9 l = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 9 × 9 = 81 .
1 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 1

(ii) b 3 l × b 8 l = 3 × 3 × 3 × 8 × 8 = –3.
–4 3 9 2 (–4) (–4) (–4) 9 9

(iii) b 7 l × b 3 l = 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 16.
–3 4 14 4 (–3) (–3) (–3) (–3) 14 14 14 14

(iv) b 8 l × b 5 l = 8 × 8 × 8 × 5 × 5
–5 3 –24 2 (–5) (–5) (–5) (–24) (–24) (–5) × (–3) × (–3)
= 8
–45
= 8 .

(v) b 3 l ÷ b 5 l = b 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 l ÷ b 5 l × b 5 l = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 4 × 4
2 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 5 5

5×5 25
= 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 81

(vi) b 5 l ÷ b 5 l = ;b 5 l × b 5 l × b 5 lE ÷ ;b 5 l × b 5 l × b 5 l × b 5 l × b 5 lE
–3 3 –2 5 –3 –3 –3 –2 –2 –2 –2 –2

= b 5 l × b 5 l × b 5 l × b –2 l × b –2 l × b –2 l × b –2 l × b –2 l
–3 –3 –3 5 5 5 5 5

(–3)×(–3)×(–3)×5 × 5 675
= (–2)×(–2)×(–2)×(–2)×(–2) = 32

7. (i) b 2 l × 42 × b 5 l = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 4 × 4 × b 5 l × b 5 l × b 5 l = b 5 l
1 4 –1 3 1 1 1 1 –1 –1 –1 –1 3

–1
= 125 .
1 1 1 1 1
(ii) (43 – 34) × = (64 – 81) × 17 × 17 = (–17) × 17 × 17
172
1
= – 17 .

(iii) ;b 4 l – b 2 l E × 4 3 = b 16 – 8 l × 4 3 = b 16 l × 4 3 = 16 × 4 3
–3 2 1 3 9 1 9–2 7

= 28.

(iv) ;b 4 l – b 2 l E × 133 = b 16 – 8 l × 133 = 16 × 133

–3 2 1 3 52 9 1 25 7 25

25
= 304 .

40 Solution Book for Innovative Mathematics-7

Exercise 4.2
1. (i) b 5 l × b 5 l = b 5 l = b 5 l (ii) b 11 l × b 11 l = b 11 l = b 11 l
4 8 4 7 4 8+7 4 15 –3 3 –3 8 –3 3 + 8 –3 11

(iii) b 13 l ÷ b 13 l = b 13 l = b 13 l (iv) b 4 l ÷ b 4 l =
–2 17 –2 5 –2 17 – 5 –2 12 –1 3 –1 7 1 1
7–3 =
b l
– 1 b 1l
– 4

4 4
(vi) ;b 13 l E = b 13 l = b 13 l
1 1 –3 6 3
– 3 6×3
– 3 18
(v) (–6)3 ÷ (–6)9 = =
(–6) 9 – 3 (–6) 6

(vii) b 9 l × b 9 l × b 9 l = b 9 l = b 9 l
–2 3 –2 8 –2 5 –2 3 + 8 + 5 –2 16

2. (i) (–2)3 × (–2)2 = (–2)3 + 2 = (–2)5 = –32. (ii) 32 × 32 = 32 + 2 = 34 = 81.

(iii) b 2 l × b 2 l = b 2 l = b 2 l = 64 .
1 3 1 3 1 3+3 1 6 1
(iv) (–3)8 ÷ (–3)6 = (–3)8 – 6 = (–3)2 = 9.

(vi) b 5 l ÷ b 5 l = b 5 l = b 5 l = 125 .
–1 17 –1 14 –1 17 – 14 –1 3 –1
(v) 410 ÷ 47 = 410 – 7 = 43 = 64.

(vii) ;b 4 l E = b 4 l = 4096 .
–3 3 2 –3 6 729

3. (i) ;b 11 l × b 11 l E ÷ b 11 l = ;b 11 l E ÷ b 11 l = b 11 l ÷ b 11 l
–2 4 –2 7 –2 9 –2 4 + 7 –2 9 –2 11 –2 9

= b 11 l = b 11 l = 121 .
–2 11 – 9 –2 2 4

(ii) [(–3)10 ÷ (–3)9] × (–3)2 = [(–3)10 – 9] × (–3)2 = (–3)1 × (–3)2
= (–3)3 = –27.

(iii) ;b 5 l ÷ b 5 l E × b 5 l = ;b 5 l E × b 5 l = ;b 5 l E × b 5 l
–4 5 –4 9 –4 6 – 4 5–9 –4 6 – 4 –4 –4 6

= b 5 l = b 5 l = 25 .
– 4 –4 + 6 –4 2 16

(iv) ;b 2 l ÷ b 2 l E = ;b 2 l E = ;b 2 l E = b 2 l = 8 .
–1 11 –1 10 3 –1 11 – 10 3 –1 1 3 –1 3 –1

(ii) b 2 l × b 4 l = 8 × 16 = 128 .
1 3 3 2 1 9 9
4. (i) 25 × (–3)4 = 32 × (81) = 2592.
(iii) 23 × (–3)2 = 8 × 9 = 72.

(iv) b 7 l ÷ b 14 l = b 7 l × b 7 l ÷ b 14 l × b 14 l
–2 2 5 2 –2 –2 5 5

= b 7 l × b 7 l × b 5 l × b 5 l = b 25 l .
–2 –2 14 14 16

(v) b 3 l ÷ b 6 l = : 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 D ÷ ;b 6 l × b 6 l × b 6 lE
1 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 8 2
= 3×3×3×3 ×6×6×6= 3 = 23 .

(vi) b 7 l ÷ b 3 l = ;b 7 l × b 7 lE ÷ ;b 3 l × b 3 l × b 3 lE
–6 2 1 3 –6 –6 1 1 1

= b 7 l × b 7 l × 3 × 3 × 3 = 49 = 19 49 .
–6 –6 972 41

Exponents 41
 5. (i) b 3 l = 3 = 9 and b 2 l =
–2 2 (–2) 4 –3 2 (–3) 9
2 2

= 4
2 2

As 4 > 9 we get b 3 l < b 2 l .

9 4 –2 2 –3 2

(ii) 25 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32 and 52 = 5 × 5 = 25
 25 > 52.
(iii) (–3)4 = (–3) × (–3) × (–3) × (–3) = 81 and (–4)3 = (–4) × (–4) × (–4) = –64
–64 < 81
 (–4)3 < (–3)4.

6. (i) b 5 l × b 5 l = b 5 l = b 5 l . (ii) 'b 4 l 1 = b 4 l = b 4 l .

–2 3 –2 7 –2 3 + 7 –2 10 3 7 3 3 7×3 3 21

(iii) b 25 l ÷ b 25 l = b 25 l = b 25 l .
–11 14 –11 8 –11 14 – 8 –11 6

(iv) b 5 l × b 5 l × b 5 l
2 3 –2 –2 –2 –4

b 5 l = (–1)–2 × = b 5 l and = b 5 l = (–1)–4 × b 5 l

–2 –2 (2) –2 2 –2 2 –4 2 –4
5 –2

 b 5 l × b 5 l × b 5 l = b 5 l × b 5 l × b 5 l = b 5 l = b5l .
–2 3 –2 –2 –2 –4 2 3 2 –2 2 –4 2 3–2–4 2 –3

7. 16 × 16 × 16 × 16 = 42 × 42 × 42 × 42 = 42 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 48.
8. (i) 54 = 2 × 27 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
36 = 6 × 6 = 2 × 3 × 2 × 3 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
 54 × 36 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 23 × 35.
(ii) 64 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 26.
243 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 35.
 64 × 243 = 26 × 35.

Exercise 4.3
(ii) b 31 l = 1 (iii) b 17 l = 1
6 0 –7 0
1. (i) 70 = 1
(iv) 10 + 20 + 30 = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3.
(v) (80 – 20) – 40 = (1 – 1) – 1 = 0 – 1 = –1.
(vi) (60 + 50)(20 – 10) = (1 + 1)(1 – 1) = 2 × 0 = 0.
(vii) 50 × 60 × 70 = 1 × 1 × 1 = 1.
(viii) 100 ÷ 50 = 1 ÷ 1 = 1.

(ii) b 7 l =
1 1 5 –1 1 7
2. (i) (3)–1 = = 3 . 1 =
5 .
31 b l
5
7

(iii) b 11 (iv) b 13 l =
–4 l–1 1 –11 –7 –1 1 –13
= 1 =
4 . = 7 .
b – 4 l b – 7 l
11 13

42 Solution Book for Innovative Mathematics-7

 (v) (–2)–1 × b 2 l = 1 1 × 1 1 = 1 × 3 = –3 .
–1

b2l
3 (–2) –2 2 4
3

(vi) b 94 l × b 8
3l 1 1 9 8
–1 –1
= 1 × 1 =
4 × 3 = 6.
b l
4 b l
3
8
9

(vii) 90° × b –23 l = 1 × 1 –2 –2

–1
=1× 3 = 3 .
b – 3 l
2

(viii) b –57 l ÷ 70 = –17 1 ÷ 1 = –17 = –75 .

–1

b l b l
5 5
3. (i) (45 × 46) ÷ 411 = (45 + 6) ÷ 411 = 411 ÷ 411 = 40 = 1.
(ii) (–5)3 ÷ 53 = (–1)3 × (53) ÷ 53 = (–1)3 = –1.

(iii) ;b 19
2 l
÷ b 19 l E ÷ b 19 l = ;b 19 l
2 2 2 E÷b 2 l = b 2 l ÷b 2 l
15 13 2 15 – 13 2 2 2

19 19 19

= b 19 l = b 19 l = 1.
2 2–2 2 0

(iv) ;b 72 l × b –72 l E ÷ b 49
4 l3
= ;b 7 l E ÷ ;'b 7 l 1 E = b 7 l ÷ b 7 l
–2 6 2 2 3 –2 6 2 6
2 4

= (–1)6 ;b 7 l E ÷ b 7 l = b 7 l ÷ b 7 l = b 7 l = 1.
2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 0

(v) ;b –58 l E = b –58 l = 1. (vi) ;b 21 l E = 13 = 1.

12 0 0
5 03

4. (i) (6–1 ÷ 12–1) × 2 = b 6 ÷ 12 l × 2 = b 6 × 12 l × 2

1 1 1 1 1 1

1
= 2 × 2 = 1.

(ii) (4–1 – 5–1) + (5–1 – 6–1) = b 14 – 15 l + b 15 – 16 l = 20

1 + 1 3+2
30 = 60
5 1
= 60 = 12 .

(iii) (5–1 × 8–1) ÷ 16–1 = b 5 × 8 l ÷ b 16 l = 5 × 8 × 1 = 5 .

1 1 1 1 1 16 2

(iv) (9–1 – 10–1) ÷ 45–1 = b 9 – 10 l ÷ 45 = 90 × 1

1 1 1 10 – 9 45

1 1
= 90 × 45 = 2 .

5. Let the required number be x.

Then, b 3 l × x = b 2 l
–2 –1 –3 –1 1 1 –3x = –2
⇒ × x = ⇒
b l b 3l
– 2 – 2 3
3 2
–4 –4 4
⇒ –3x = 3
⇒ x= 9 = 9 .

6. (i) True (ii) am ÷ an = am – n. So, am­÷ an = am ÷ n is not true

(iii) True (iv) True

Exponents 43
 7. Let the other number be x.
Then, (–3)–1 × x = (–5)–1
–1 –1 –3 3
⇒ 3 ×x= 5 ⇒ x = –5 = 5 .

Exercise 4.4
1. (i) 4.7 = 4.7 × 1 = 4.7 × 100 (ii) 689000 = 6.89 × 105
(iii) 31000 = 3.1 × 104 (iv) 52 lakh = 5200000 = 5.2 × 106
(v) 2 crore = 20000000 = 2 × 107 (vi) 125 crore = 1250000000 = 1.25 × 109
2. (i) 8.6 × 102 = 860 (ii) 4.3 × 10–1 = 0.43
(iii) 6 × 1012 = 6000000000000 (iv) 2.45 × 106 = 2450000
(v) 0.032 × 102 = 3.2 (vi) 1.09 × 107 = 10900000
(vii) 3.8 × 106 = 3800000 (viii) 2.7931 × 106 = 2793100
3. (i) 150000000 km = 1.5 × 108 km. (ii) 9500000000000000 m = 9.5 × 1015 m
(iii) 330 m/s = 3.30 × 102 m/s
4. 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 105 = 100000
5. 38 = 6561

Exercise 4.5 : Multiple Choice Questions

1. b 2 l × 4 = 4 × 4 = 1 2. b 3 l = b3l = b3l = 1
1 2 1 2 3×2 – 6 2 6–6 2 0

The reciprocal of 1 is 1. Hence, the option (b) is correct.

Hence, the option (b) is correct.

3. ;b 2 l E = 15 = 1
3 05
4. 10 × 20 × 50 × 60 = 14 = 1
Hence, the option (c) is correct. Hence, the option (b) is correct.

5. ;b 5 l E = b 5 l b2l = b2l
2 25 2 2x 10 2x
⇒ 5 5
⇒ 2x = 10 ⇒ x = 5.
Hence, the option (b) is correct.
6. 26 ÷ 26 = 26 – 6 = 20 = 1
Hence, the option (b) is correct.
57 1 1
7. (52 × 55) ÷ 510 = (52 + 5) ÷ 510 = = 10 – 7 = 3 = 5–3.
510 5 5
Hence, the option (b) is correct.

8. b 32 l × 9–2 = b 9 l × 2 = (9)1 × 2 = 9 .
1 –1 1 –1 1 1 1
9 9
Hence, the option (c) is correct.
9. 5.5 × 104 = 55000
Hence, the option (b) is correct.
44 Solution Book for Innovative Mathematics-7
 Check Your Understanding
1. (i) (–2)3 × (–2)2 = (–2)3 + 2 = (–2)5 = –32 (ii) (–1)169 = –1

(iii) b –4 5 l = b 5 l = 25 = 19 25
2 2 –22 2 484 9
(iv) (–5)2 × 25 = 25 × 32 = 800
(–2) 0 – (5) 0 1–1
2. (i) (–4)0 – 30 = 1 – 1 = 0 (ii) = 1 =0
b – 1 l
0

32 × 23 × 4 3 × 22 2
3. (i) 3 × 16 × 2 = 4 = 3.
1 1
(ii) [(33)2 ÷ 34] ÷ 36 = [(36)÷ 34] ÷ 36 = (32) ÷ 36 = 32 – 6 = 3–4 = = 81 .
34
4. b 2 l ÷ b 2 l = b 2 l = 2 .
–3 9 –3 8 –3 9 – 8 –3

a –3
So, = 2 .
b
 bbl = b 2 l = 8 .
a 3 –3 3 –27

(ii) b 7 l ÷ b 7 l = b 7 l
–5 2 –5 2 –5 0
5. (i) (32 × 33) ÷ 35 = 35 ÷ 35 = 30.
6. Let the number be x.
Then, (–6)1 × x = 18
18
⇒ –6x = 18
⇒ x = –6 = –3.

Exponents 45