Research Methods & Presentation Guide
Uploaded by
ETHIOPIAResearch Methods & Presentation Guide
Uploaded by
ETHIOPIABAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY
BAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF Electrical and Computer Engineering
PAROGRAM Computer Engineering
Course Guidebook for Research methods and presentation
1. GENERAL INFORMATION OF THE COURSE
Course Name: Research methods and presentation
Course Code: CoEng4151
Course Credits Points: 3 hrs
Contact Hours: 2 hrs lecture
Course Module: Research and Project
Course Category: Major
Status of Course: Compulsory
Pre-Requisites: None
Students’ Department: Computer engineering
Degree Program: BSc in Computer engineering
Students’ Admission: Regular
Year of Study: Semester: 4th: First Semester
Academic Year: 2024/2025
Course Duration: From October 2024 to January 2025
Course Chair: Endris H.
Course Instructors: Endris Hiyaru, MSc in Computer Engineering
Email:endrishiyaru@[Link]
Office: Tana 014
Consultation: Monday morning 10:00AM -11:00AM and Thursday afternoon 2:00PM-3:30PM
2. COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course is intended to Research methods: necessity, types and levels of researches; problem formulation,
modeling & experimentation; data collection/generation and processing; Presentation skills: research and
project proposals, oral presentations formats; applications of audiovisual equipment; Management aspect
of Research and Development (R&D) works and outputs: discussion forums; intellectual property rights;
management of R&D works.
3. OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE
At the end of the course students will be able to:
o To know criteria for scientific research
o To provide essential elements of research methodology
o To write a critical review of the relevant literature
o To identify a research problem and process
o To get presentation skills both in written and oral
o To know the way to disseminate research output
1
4. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLO)
At the end of the course, students will be able to:
Program
Performance
Student
No Course Learning Outcome (CLO) Indicators
Outcome
(PIs)
(PSO)
Determine criteria for scientific research, provide essential elements of
1 1-2,1-3,2-3 1,2
research methodology and identify a research problem and process
2 Understand Research Formulation steps and Organizing Literature Review. 3-2,5-2 3,5
3 Understand Scientific Research phase and Major Types of Research Design 2-4,6-3 2,6
Know Purpose of Research Proposal as well as Components of a Research
4 5-2 5
Proposal and Research Reports
5 Describe Research presentation skills 3-2 3
6 Dissemination of research outputs and Documentation of R & D Works 3-1 3
5. THE COURSE TIME SCHEDULE AND TEACHING METHODLOGY
The following topics will be covered in this course within this semester.
Table 1. Time Schedule and Teaching Methodology of the course
Time Teaching Attaining student
Course Contents
Schedule Methodology and References outcome
1. Introduction to research methods Lecture
1.1 Definition of Research Group Discussion
1.2 Types of Research Assignment Outcome 1
Week 1-3 Ref 6: C.R Kothari., Research
1.3 Research Methods and Methodology
1.4 Scientific Research Methodology: Methods and
Techniques
1.5 Scientific Research phase
2. Research Problem and Literature Review
2.1. Research Problem Lecture
Group Discussion
2.2. Research Formulation steps Outcome 2
Week 4-6 Assignment
2.3. Literature Review TextBook 1: Wayne C. Booth,
2.4. Organizing Literature Review The Craft of Research
2.5. Information Sources
3. Research Model and Design Lecture
3.1. Scientific Research phase Group Discussion
3.2. Concepts on Model Data Analytical
Outcome 3
Week 7-8 3.3. Research Design Model
Ref 4: David Theil,
3.4. Major Types of Research Design
Research Methods for
Engineers
4. Research Proposal and Thesis Lecture
4.1. Research Proposal Group discussion
Week 9- 4.2. Purpose of Research Proposal proposal practice Outcome 4
11 4.3. Components of a Research Proposal Group assignment
4.4. Components of Research Reports TextBook 1: Wayne C. Booth,
The Craft of Research
Lecture
5. Research Presentation Skills Group discussion
Proposal practice Outcome 5
Week 12- 5.1. Structure
Group assignment
13 5.2. Components (Presentation)
5.3. Slide and Contents Layout TextBook 1: Wayne C. Booth,
The Craft of Research
2
6. Dissemination of Research Outputs Lecture, Reading, discussions
6.1. Dissemination of research outputs Ref 3: Van Emden J. and
6.2. Oral and Poster Presentation Easteal J., “Technical Writing
Week 14- Outcome 6
6.3. Documentation of R & D Works and Speaking, an
15
Introduction”, McGraw-Hill,
6.4. Journal Articles
1996.
6.5. Plagiarism
Week 16 Final Exam
6. ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION
The course utilizes a variety of continuous assessment and evaluation methods to ensure the successful achievement of course
learning outcomes. These methods include assignments, projects, quizzes, midterm exams, final exams, site visit reports,
homework, classwork, presentations, and more. It is imperative that all assignments and tasks are completed within the specified
deadlines.
Home works, Assignments and project: Assignments may involve collaborative work for brainstorming and developing
general approaches. However, unless specified otherwise, each individual must complete their own submissions. Assignments
and projects may entail both individual and group components, with equal participation expected from all group members. While
collaboration is encouraged, submitting another individual's work as one's own constitutes academic dishonesty and will incur
in penalties. All group members must contribute equally. Timely submission is mandatory, as late submissions will not be graded.
Oral exams will accompany assignments and projects, requiring thorough preparation from all members. Additionally, the
instructor reserves the right to assign additional tasks or assignments as necessary.
Quizzes: Quizzes serve to assess students' current understanding of the coursework. They are conducted in class following lecture
or tutorial sessions.
Mid-term Exam and Final Exam: The exams will be closed book. During exam necessary materials will be provided by
examiner.
Table 2. Summary of Assessments
Mark
No Assessment type Attaining course learning outcome (CLO)
allotted
Project and
1 25 1-5
Presentation
2 Mid exam 25% 1,2,3,4,
3 Final Exam 50% 1,2,3,4,5,6
Total 100%
7. COURSE POLICY
Throughout the duration of this course, all students are expected to follow the student code of behavior as outlined in the “Bahir
Dar Institute of Technology Senate Mandate Legislation” or “BiT Senate Mandate Legislation, 2021”. Academic
misconduct, such as cheating, fabrication, and plagiarism, will not be permitted and will be quickly reported to the proper
authorities for action.
Students who miss more than 15% of the semester's classes will not be eligible to take the final exam. Any student who surpasses
the 15% absence level will receive a grade of 'NG' (No Grade) and must present valid reasons for their absence, according to
Senate law, Art.37.2 and Art 37.3 (a) and (b) for NG management.
All students are required to have complete records of course assessments and evaluations. If a student misses a quiz, midterm
exam, or any other continuous assessment without a valid reason, they will receive a score of zero. However, if a student fails to
attend the final exam or complete a term paper/project without a valid reason, the instructor will record an "NG" according to
senate legislation, Art. 40.8.
3
8. GRADING SYSTEM
The grading scale of the course is fixed scale according to senate legislation of Art. 177.
9. TEXTBOOKS
1. Wayne C. Booth, “The Craft of Research”, 2nd edition, The University of Chicago Press, 2003.
10. REFERENCES
1. Jerry R. Thomas, Jack K. Nelson and Stephen J. Siliverman: “Research Methods in Physical
Activity Presentation”, Package, 5th edition, 2005.
2. Davies J.W., “Communication for Engineering Students”, Longman 1996
3. Van Emden J. and Easteal J., “Technical Writing and Speaking, an Introduction”, McGraw-
Hill, 1996.
4. David Theil, “Research Methods for Engineers”, Oxford University Press,2015
5. Anthony, “Handbook of Research Design in education”, 1st edition, 2008.
6. C.R Kothari., Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques,2nd edition,2004
11. APPROVAL
The following bodies confirmed the course guidebook accordingly.
Position Name Signature Date
Endris Hiyaru
Course Instructors
Course Module Chair Eneyachew T.
Chair Holder Yesuneh G.
V/Dean Gashaye L.
4
Chapter one
Introduction
Outlines
Definition of Research
Types of Research
Research Methods and Methodology
Scientific Research
Scientific Research phase
Introduction
The course introduce the essential aspects of proposing, designing,
conducting and reporting on research projects.
Prepare Yourself Psychologically
• Is being a top student enough?
Neither necessary nor sufficient
• Do you know your intellectual or mental limit?
Ready for failures?
• Are you extremely motivated?
All you need is passion
Introduction
What is Research?
There is a vast body of knowledge at present in almost every
discipline in the form of :-
literature
art
culture
Humans still need much more knowledge.
Needs to overcome existing and emerging challenging problems in
society, business, technology, the environment, etc.
Our knowledge of the universe is always incomplete.
What is Research?
The Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English:-
A careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for a new
facts in any branch of knowledge.
The Merriam - Webster Online Dictionary:
A studious inquiry or examination; especially investigation or
experimentation aimed at:-
the discovery and interpretation of facts
revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts
practical application of such new or revised theories or laws
What is Research?
Research is the systematic investigation of situation or problem into
existing or new knowledge. So research is used to:-
found or confirm facts,
solve new or existing problems,
support theorems, or develop new theories
Types of Research
Types of Research
Research Towards Solution of Problems
1 Evaluative:-Selecting best solution among the existing
2 Developmental:-Better solution than any available.
Example:- ”Event Detection and Tracking in Social Streams”
propose and develop event detection algorithm for social network
analysis.
Research Towards Solution of Problems
Research further be subdivided into three sub classes:
1) Survey study
This research or study method does not go into the depth of the issue
(problem & solution).
It generates useful preliminary findings on the problems and possible
means of solutions that may then be utilized as hints for full researches
that intend to go to deep and broad researches.
Research Towards Solution of Problems
2) Case study
problems and means of solutions are studied in depth but for a narrow
scope of the problem and coverage at hand.
Example: Performance improvement of Tis- Abay Hydropower station
3) Comparative method/study
To identify better or best means/solution under certain conditions
among existing ones by comparative analysis method.
Metrics and/or weighted parameters against which the overall
comparison among alternatives could be considered.
Research Towards Solution of Problems
1. Event Detection and Tracking in Social Streams Event detection
Algorithm
Augmented Group Average Clustering
Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm
Single link clustering algorithms
Label-Based clustering algorithms
2. A Comparative study of Fault Tolerance Techniques in Cloud
Computing
Research Methods and Methodology
Methods and Techniques
Research methods:- all methods/techniques that are used for
conduction of research.
Techniques :-Instruments in performing research operations such as:
making observations,
recording data,
the way data is extracted from experiment or simulation
processing data and the like.
Research Methods and Methodology
Methods and Techniques
Methods refer to the behavior and instruments used in selecting and
constructing research technique.
Method is more general and generates techniques.
Tools
Tools: Physical and/ or conceptual instruments that are used in
scientific and technical works.
Mathematical symbols
Systems
Computers
Methodology
Methodology :- scientific method
The way to systematically solve the research problem is research
methodology.
Methodology
It is necessary to know not only the research methods/techniques but
also the methodology.
Research methodology has many dimensions and research methods do
constitute a part of the research methodology.
The scope of research methodology is wider than that of research
methods.
Methodology
When we talk of research methodology we talk:
how to develop certain tests,
which of these methods or techniques are relevant and which are not
(consider the logic behind the methods ),
why we are using a particular method or technique and why we are
not using others,
how to apply particular research techniques,
what would they mean and indicate and why
First described by the English philosopher and scientist Roger Bacon
in the 13th century, it is still generally agreed that the scientific method
is the basis for all scientific investigation
Errors did not follow the Scientific Method
In 1949 ”Computers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons.
(the first in 1947 ,30 tons)
In 1989 = never 32 bits OS (launched in 1993)
Scientific Research
Scientific research is the process of inquiry in which we:
1. Pose a question about the physical world
2. Develop a set of procedures using the rational process that if
followed, would convincingly answer that question
3. Plan to make appropriate observations
4. Rationally interpret observation to arrive at a conclusion
Research criteria /characteristics of scientific
method
1. Empirical
decisions are based on concrete data
Evidence based approach
Scientific decisions are made based on the data derived from direct
observation and experiments
2. Observation
Aware of surrounding and making careful measurements.
A keen eye to surroundings can often provide many ideas
Research criteria /characteristics of scientific
method
3 Question
After getting a research idea (from making observations), the next step
in the research process involves:
Translating the research idea into an answerable question.
4 Hypothesis
Are the researchers attempt to explain the phenomenon being studied,
and that explanation should involve a prediction about the variables
being studied.
Predictions are then tested by gathering and analyzing data, and the
hypotheses can either be supported or refused on the basis of the data
Research criteria /characteristics of scientific
method
How does working hypotheses developed?
Discussions with colleagues and experts about the problem
Review of similar studies in the area or of the studies on similar problems;
5. Experiment
After articulating the hypothesis, the next step involves conducting the experiment
(or research study).
6. Analysis
After conducting the study and gathering the data, the next step involves analyzing
the data
7. Conclusion : After analyzing the data, you are now in a position to
draw some conclusions about the results of the study
8. Replication means conducting the same research study a second time
with another group of participants to see whether the same results are
obtained. If the results of a research is replicated reduce chance of error.
Good Academic Research
Sufficient data sources
Appropriate data sources
Accurately recorded
Properly analyzed
No hidden assumption
Conclusion well-founded
Properly presented
Scientific Research phase
1. Formulating the problem
2. Constructing the model
3. Testing the model
4. Derive solution from the model
5. Test and control the solution
6. Implement the solution
Research process in flow chart
Research Problem and Literature Review
By: Yesuneh Getachew(Msc)
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Computer Engineering Program
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 1 / 52
Outline
1 Research Problem
2 Research Formulation steps
3 Literature Review
4 Organizing Literature Review
5 Information Sources
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 2 / 52
Research Problem
A research problem, or phenomenon is the topic you would like to
address, investigate, or study, whether descriptively or experimentally.
It is typically a topic or challenge that you are interested in and with
which you are at least somewhat familiar.
You are going to commit yourself to a significant investment of time
and energy.
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 3 / 52
Research Problem...
If one wants nothing, one cannot have a problem
In the context of either a theoretical or practical situation we wants to
obtain a solution
A problem must spring from the researcher’s mind
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 4 / 52
Do you think searching research problem is like this?
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 5 / 52
Research Problem...
The situation or circumstances of any research problem can be repre-
sented or described by the following equation
Z=f(X+Y)
Z: Measure of performance that we seek to max. or min.
X: control variable (The situation we can control)
Y : parameters (we have no control)
Solving the problem consists of finding the values of the decision variables X which maximize
or minimize Z.
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 6 / 52
Example: Flight Control System
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 7 / 52
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 8 / 52
Research Formulation steps
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 9 / 52
Research Formulation steps...
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 10 / 52
Research Formulation steps...
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 11 / 52
Resource based on Methods
Practical
✓ Laboratory
✓ Field
Theoretical
✓ Published or written information
✓ IT facilities
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 12 / 52
Literature Review
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 13 / 52
Literature Review
It is the documentation of a comprehensive review of the published
and unpublished work from secondary sources of data in the areas of
specific interest to the researcher.
It is a written summary of journal articles, proceeding papers, books
and other documents that describes the past and current state of in-
formation for the proposed study.
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 14 / 52
Literature Review...
After reviewing the literature, summarize what has been done, what
has not been done, and what needs to be done
In an assessment of previous studies include their strengths and weak-
nesses.
Make sure that you always explain your structure for your reader and
have a clear narrative
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 15 / 52
Literature Review...
Questions to be considered in your review
1 Who has done what and how?
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 23 / 52
Literature Review...
Questions to be considered in your review
1 Who has done what and how?
2 What do we already know in the immediate area concerned?
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 23 / 52
Literature Review...
Questions to be considered in your review
1 Who has done what and how?
2 What do we already know in the immediate area concerned?
3 Have they reported more recent work ?
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 23 / 52
Literature Review...
Questions to be considered in your review
1 Who has done what and how?
2 What do we already know in the immediate area concerned?
3 Have they reported more recent work ?
4 What are the characteristics of variables?
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 23 / 52
Literature Review...
Questions to be considered in your review
1 Who has done what and how?
2 What do we already know in the immediate area concerned?
3 Have they reported more recent work ?
4 What are the characteristics of variables?
5 Where are shortcomings in our knowledge and understanding?
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 23 / 52
Literature Review...
Questions to be considered in your review
1 Who has done what and how?
2 What do we already know in the immediate area concerned?
3 Have they reported more recent work ?
4 What are the characteristics of variables?
5 Where are shortcomings in our knowledge and understanding?
6 What evidence is lacking, inconclusive, or too limited?
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 23 / 52
Literature Review...
Questions to be considered in your review
1 Who has done what and how?
2 What do we already know in the immediate area concerned?
3 Have they reported more recent work ?
4 What are the characteristics of variables?
5 Where are shortcomings in our knowledge and understanding?
6 What evidence is lacking, inconclusive, or too limited?
7 What research designs or methods seem unsatisfactory?
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 23 / 52
Literature Review...
Questions to be considered in your review
1 Who has done what and how?
2 What do we already know in the immediate area concerned?
3 Have they reported more recent work ?
4 What are the characteristics of variables?
5 Where are shortcomings in our knowledge and understanding?
6 What evidence is lacking, inconclusive, or too limited?
7 What research designs or methods seem unsatisfactory?
8 What views need to be further tested?
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 23 / 52
Literature Review...
Questions to be considered in your review
1 Who has done what and how?
2 What do we already know in the immediate area concerned?
3 Have they reported more recent work ?
4 What are the characteristics of variables?
5 Where are shortcomings in our knowledge and understanding?
6 What evidence is lacking, inconclusive, or too limited?
7 What research designs or methods seem unsatisfactory?
8 What views need to be further tested?
9 What contribution can the present study be expected to make?
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature R e 23 / 52
Literature Review...
Do not just report what has been written and who said what.
Identify the strengths, weaknesses and significance of research.
Assess the contribution of the research.
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 24 / 52
Benefits of conducting a LR
Gives background knowledge of the areas facts, like:
✓ Parameters of the field
✓ the most important ideas and questions
✓ hypotheses
Knowledge of the methodologies common to area
To know what is the recent result and achievements?
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 25 / 52
Literature Review/Strategies of Search
1 Keywords: Systematic manual search
2 Backward Chronological search
▶ Identify the latest relevant paper in your area
▶ Look up each of the reference listed
▶ Repeat to extend the tree backward
3 Forward Chronological search :Citation based
▶ Identify the citation classic in your area
▶ Look up which all papers refer to it
▶ Find out which of these are well cited
▶ Repeat to extend the tree forward
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 26 / 52
Literature Review...
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 27 / 52
Literature Review...
How far back should one search?
A reasonable and widely accepted time frame includes research con-
ducted during the past 10 years.
Important studies (i.e., studies that had a significant impact on the
field of study) should also be mentioned even if these go beyond the
mentioned time frame.
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 28 / 52
Organizing Literature Review
1 Topical Order
▶ Organize by main topics or issues; emphasize the relation ship of the
issues to the main problem
2 Chronological Order
▶ Organize the literature by the dates the research was published
3 Problem-Cause-Solution Order
▶ Organize the review so that it moves from the problem to the solution
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 29 / 52
Organizing Literature Review...
4 General-to-Specific Order
▶ Examine broad-based research first and then focus on specific studies
that relate to the topic
5 Specific-to-General Order
▶ Discuss on specific research studies so conclusions can be drawn.
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 30 / 52
links between studies in reviewing literature
Agreements
✓ Similarly, author X points to. . .
✓ Likewise, author Y makes the case that. . .
✓ Author Z also makes this point. . .
Disagreements
✓ However, author B points to. . .
✓ In contrast author C proposed
✓ On the other hand, author E makes the case that. . .
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 31 / 52
Reporting Verbs
Argue Maintain
Assume Observe
Challenge Propose
Claim Prove
Contradict Recommend
Emphasize Reject
Examine Support
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 32 / 52
Example
Related Work
Pranesh Das [1] et al proposed a model VFT (Virtualization FT) to increase the
availability of system and to decrease service time of the system..........it chokes
faulty nodes (FNs) for future requests (FRs) that are not recoverable and hold
down its virtual nodes (VNs) and eliminates unstable faults in software and makes
VNs accessible for FRs from the improvable FNs.
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 33 / 52
Example
Related Work...
Deepak Poola [2] et al designed a new algorithm based on scheduling, to reduce
cost of execution to submitted jobs on CC resources by using on-demand and
spot instances pricing models while reaching the workflow (WF) time limit. It
uses checkpointing technique and save cost to 14%.
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 34 / 52
Tips
Prepare Summary table for Literature Review by including the following
points
✓ Author and year
✓ type of study
✓ Problem raised
✓ Design
✓ Methodology
✓ key findings and proper gap
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 35 / 52
Tips...
Be active reader and raise the following questions
✓ From where did the author seem to draw the ideas?
✓ What exactly was accomplished by this piece of work?
✓ How does it seem to relate to other work in the field?
✓ What would be the reasonable next step to build upon this work?
Attend at a research seminar, workshop or conference.
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 36 / 52
Sources of Information
Open access ( they are limited number to get for free)
Library subscription
Peer- sharing sources (communication with the authors using like Re-
searchGate, linkedin,etc)
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 37 / 52
Information Sources
Primary sources of information are original manuscripts, documents
or records used in preparing a published or unpublished work.
Secondary sources are published or unpublished works that rely on
primary source(s).
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 38 / 52
Information Sources (Some Terminology)
ISBN :- International Standard Book Number
ISSN:- International Standard Serial Number
DOI :- Digital Object Identifier (document available online/online pub-
lications)
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 39 / 52
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 40 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources
1 Journal Papers
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 41 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources
1 Journal Papers
2 Conference Papers (proceeding)
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 41 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources
1 Journal Papers
2 Conference Papers (proceeding)
3 Books
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 41 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources
1 Journal Papers
2 Conference Papers (proceeding)
3 Books
4 Company White-papers
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 41 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources
1 Journal Papers
2 Conference Papers (proceeding)
3 Books
4 Company White-papers
5 Company Websites
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 41 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources
1 Journal Papers
2 Conference Papers (proceeding)
3 Books
4 Company White-papers
5 Company Websites
6 Thesis (if not published data)
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 41 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources
1 Journal Papers
2 Conference Papers (proceeding)
3 Books
4 Company White-papers
5 Company Websites
6 Thesis (if not published data)
7 Wikipedia
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 41 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources
1 Journal Papers
2 Conference Papers (proceeding)
3 Books
4 Company White-papers
5 Company Websites
6 Thesis (if not published data)
7 Wikipedia
8 Other sources
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 41 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources...
Journal Papers
Scientific journal is a periodical publication intended to further the
progress of science, usually by reporting new research.
Appears at regular intervals – weekly, monthly, quarterly
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature R eview 42 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources...
Major Publishers
▶ Springer
▶ Elsevier
▶ IEEE
▶ Nature, Taylor and Francis
▶ APS,ACM,ASM,TMS,AIP,
Citation Information
▶ Thomas ISI (web of science)
▶ Scopus ([Link])
▶ SciFinder ([Link]) and others
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 43 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources...
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 44 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources...
Conference Papers
Proceedings are the collection of academic papers published in the
context of an academic conference.
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature R eview 45 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources...
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 46 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources...
White paper
The term ” white paper” originated with the British government,and
many point to the Churchill WhitePaper of 1922.
White paper is an informational document issued by a company to
promote or highlight the features of a solution, product or service.
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 47 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources...
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 48 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources...
wikipedia
A wikipedia is a Web site that allows users to add and update content
on the site using their own Web browse.
This is made possible by Wiki software that runs on the Web server.
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 49 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources...
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 50 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources...
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 51 / 52
Published or unpublished Sources...
Yesuneh G. Chapter2: Research Problem and Literature 52 / 52
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
By: Fikreselam Gared(PhD)
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Outline
1 Scientific Research phase
2 Concepts on Model
3 Research Design
4 Major Types of Research Design
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Scientific Research phase
1 Formulating the problem
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Scientific Research phase
1 Formulating the problem
2 Constructing the model
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Scientific Research phase
1 Formulating the problem
2 Constructing the model
3 Testing the model
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Scientific Research phase
1 Formulating the problem
2 Constructing the model
3 Testing the model
4 Derive solution from the model
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Scientific Research phase
1 Formulating the problem
2 Constructing the model
3 Testing the model
4 Derive solution from the model
5 Test and control the solution
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Scientific Research phase
1 Formulating the problem
2 Constructing the model
3 Testing the model
4 Derive solution from the model
5 Test and control the solution
6 Implement the solution
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Concepts on Model
A model can be a representations of states, objects and events.
X Physicist construct a large-scale model of an atom
X Architect a small-scale model of a building
Model used to describe the overall framework to look at reality
Model is idealized, because it is less complicated than the reality
and easier to manipulate
X In solar system ball representing planet
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Model...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Model...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Model...
A biomass-gasifier /gas turbine combined cycle.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Kinds of model
1 Physical model :-This Model include all forms of diagram,
drawings, graphs and charts.
:-By presenting significant factors and inter-relationships in pic-
torial term to facilitates analysis.
Iconic Model
Analog Model
2 Mathematical/Symbolic Model
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Kinds of model...
1 Iconic model
an image of an object or system it represents
It models least abstract physical replica of a system
Iconic models can be full-scale, scaled-down, or scaled-up in size.
flowchart of industrial process, flow chart of some systems
Example:-
A model of the solar system is a scaled-down model
a water molecule is a scaled-up model.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Kinds of model...
2 Analog Model
It is closely associated with iconic model. It is not replica of
problem situations rather it is small physical systems that have
similar characteristics and work like system it represents
Actual transformations of the real object.
One property represents other
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Kinds of model...
3 Symbolic Model
This model employs a set of mathematical symbols to represent
the decision variable of the system under study
These variables are related together by mathematical equations.
Most abstract and general
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Example
Model of Induction motor speed control using PI-Fuzzy
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Example
System Model for detecting and presenting news events for Twitter
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Example of Mathematical Representation
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Way to Study System
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Good Model
What makes a good model?
A simple model is better than a complex one as long as it works
as well.
A model should be easy to understand.
It is important to use the most relevant tool when constructing
a model/ Relevant to the problem
A good model should be easy to modify and update. New
information from the real system can be incorporated easily
into a well planned model.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Research Design
Research Design is the arrangement of conditions for collection
and analysis of data
It provides a framework for the:
X collection and
X analysis of data.
It refers to the plan, structure, and strategy of research
The research design is the structure within which research is
conducted; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, mea-
surement and analysis of data
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Research Design..
The preparation of the research design (appropriate for a par-
ticular research problem) involves the following considerations:
X means of obtaining the information;
X skills of the researcher and his adviser;
X explanation of the way in which selected means of obtaining
information will be organized and the reasoning leading to the
selection
X the time available for research; and
X the cost factor relating to research
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Research Design...
The designing decisions happen to be in respect of;-
1 What is the study about?
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Research Design...
The designing decisions happen to be in respect of;-
1 What is the study about?
2 Why is the study being made?
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Research Design...
The designing decisions happen to be in respect of;-
1 What is the study about?
2 Why is the study being made?
3 Where will the study be carried out?
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Research Design...
The designing decisions happen to be in respect of;-
1 What is the study about?
2 Why is the study being made?
3 Where will the study be carried out?
4 What type of data is required?
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Research Design...
The designing decisions happen to be in respect of;-
1 What is the study about?
2 Why is the study being made?
3 Where will the study be carried out?
4 What type of data is required?
5 Where can the required data be found?
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Research Design...
The designing decisions happen to be in respect of;-
1 What is the study about?
2 Why is the study being made?
3 Where will the study be carried out?
4 What type of data is required?
5 Where can the required data be found?
6 What periods of time will the study include
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Research Design...
The designing decisions happen to be in respect of;-
1 What is the study about?
2 Why is the study being made?
3 Where will the study be carried out?
4 What type of data is required?
5 Where can the required data be found?
6 What periods of time will the study include
7 What techniques of data collection will be used?
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Research Design...
The designing decisions happen to be in respect of;-
1 What is the study about?
2 Why is the study being made?
3 Where will the study be carried out?
4 What type of data is required?
5 Where can the required data be found?
6 What periods of time will the study include
7 What techniques of data collection will be used?
8 How will the data be analyzed?
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Research Design...
The type of research design chosen generally depends on:
X type of problem
X available knowledge about the problem; and
X resources available for the study.
Researchers have to select the most appropriate and most fea-
sible design.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Characteristics of a Research Design
1. Setting in which the research occurs
Laboratory study:- Design to be more controlled in relation to
both the environment in which the study is conducted and the
control of extraneous (Variables that are not of direct interest
to the researcher) and intervening variables.
Field study:- occurs outside laboratory setting
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Characteristics of a Research Design...
2. Subject to be included in the research
The sample size
The method used to collect the data
The researcher’s plan for communicating the findings
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
1 Action Research Design
The protocol is iterative or cyclical in nature and is intended
to foster deeper understanding of a given situation, starting
with conceptualizing and particularizing the problem and moving
through several interventions and evaluations.
This is a collaborative and adaptive research design that lends
itself to use in work or community situations.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Major Types of Research Design...
2 Case Study Design
A case study is an in-depth study of a particular research problem
Approach excels at bringing us to an understanding of a complex
issue through detailed contextual analysis of a limited number
of events or conditions and their relationships.
3 Descriptive Design
It helps provide answers to the questions of who, what, when,
where, and how associated with a particular research problem.
A descriptive study cannot conclusively ascertain answers to
why.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Major Types of Research Design...
Characteristics of Descriptive Research
It ascertain prevailing conditions of facts in a group or case
study.
It gives a quantitative or qualitative, or both, description of
the general characteristics of the group or case under study.
The variables involved in the study are not usually controlled.
Comparison of the characteristics of two groups may be made
to determine their similarities and differences.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Major Types of Research Design...
Types of Descriptive Design
Exploratory Descriptive design
Descriptive Survey design
Correlation Design
Comparative Design
Feasibility design
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Major Types of Research Design...
4 Exploratory Design
An exploratory design is conducted about a research problem
when there are few or no earlier studies to refer to or rely upon
to predict an outcome.
The focus is on gaining insights and familiarity for later investi-
gation or undertaken when research problems are in a preliminary
stage of investigation.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Exploratory Design...
The goals of exploratory research are intended to produce the following possible insights:
Familiarity with basic details, settings, and concerns.
Well-grounded picture of the situation being developed.
Generation of new ideas and assumptions.
Development of tentative theories or hypotheses.
Determination about whether a study is feasible in the future.
Issues get refined for more systematic investigation and
formulation of new research questions.
Direction for future research and techniques get developed
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Major Types of Research Design...
5 Experimental Design
A blueprint of the procedure that enables the researcher to main-
tain control over all factors that may affect the result of an
experiment.
Experimental research allows the researcher to control the situ-
ation. In so doing, it allows researchers to answer the question,
What causes something to occur?
Permits the researcher to identify cause and effect relationships
between variables
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Various concepts related to designs
Dependent and Independent variables
Dependent variable:- If one variable depends upon or is a
consequence of the other variable.
X the one you measure or observe.
X its the effect of the researchers change.
Independent variable:- the variable that is antecedent to
/before the dependent variable.
X the one the researcher controls.
X it is what the researcher change to cause a certain effect.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Characteristics of Experimental Method
Essential characteristics of experimental research:
Control:- Variables that are not of direct interest to the re-
searcher, called extraneous variables, need to be controlled.
Control refers to removing or minimizing the influence of such
variables by several.
Manipulation: deliberate operation of independent variable on
the subjects methods of experimental group by the researcher
to observe its effect.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Characteristics of Experimental Method...
Observation :- the experimenter observes the effect of the ma-
nipulation of the independent variable on dependent variable.
Replication :- Conducting a number of subexperiments, instead
of one experiment only, within the framework of the same ex-
perimental design.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Simulation Model
Beware of the tool limitations
Construct flow diagrams as needed
Reuse existing code as much as possible
Make verification runs using deterministic data and trace as
needed
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Scientific Research phase
Concepts on Model
Research Design
Major Types of Research Design
Simulation Process
Fikreselam G. Chapter 3: Research Model and Design
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Chapter 4: Research Proposal and Thesis
By: Fikreselam Gared(PhD)
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Outline
1 Research Proposal
2 Purpose of Research Proposal
3 Components of a Research Proposal
4 Components of Research Reports
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Research Proposal
The research proposal is:-
X the detailed plan of study.
X a document which sets out your ideas in an easily accessible
way.
A research proposal should be compiled before attempting to
start with a research project.
It is the most important aspect of the research project
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Research Proposal...
The objective in writing a proposal is to describe :
X what you will do
X why it should be done
X How you will do it and
X what result will you expect
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Purpose of Research Proposal
To inform the reader about the nature of your proposed research
X What is the problem?
X What is its extent?
To convince the reader (supervisors and reviewers) of the value
of your proposed research.
X Is this project worth the time and money?
X Will it make a difference to the world?
To request support from individuals and agencies
X What kinds of support does the project need?
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Purpose of Research Proposal...
To demonstrate your expertise and competency in a particular
area of study.
X Do you have the qualifications and necessary to conduct this
research?
X Have you informed yourself of the existing theory and data
relevant to your topic?
To plan and provide a step-by-step guide to the tasks
X What are the key stages of the work?
X What are the priorities?
X How do the various components fit together?
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Style and Formatting
1 Fonts
All of the narrative in the research proposal should be written
in 12 point Times New Roman font size.
The cover page of the thesis proposal is presented in 14-point
font size.
The text in the cover page will be in bold face font
The first level headings in the research proposal will be in 14-
point font size
The first and second level headings are written in bold title case
letters
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Style and Formatting...
2 Margins and Line Spacing
A margin of 1.5” (3.81cm) on the left is for binding
A margin of 1” (2.54 cm) each on the right, top and bottom
of the page is required
The line spacing for all of the narrative is 1.5
Single line spacing is to be applied to captions of tables and
figures.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Style and Formatting...
3 Pagination
Each component of the preliminary section must start on a new
page.
Each chapter of the narrative, the References and the Appendix
must start on a new page
Roman numerals are used for the preliminary section
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Components of a Research Proposal
1 Title Page 9 Objective/Aim of the study
2 Approval Page 10 Research Methods and
3 Abstract/ Summary Procedures
4 Acknowledgment
11 Scope
5 Abbreviations
12 Significance of the Study
6 Table of contents
13 Work Plan
7 Introduction/Background
14 Budget
8 Literature Review
15 References
9 Statement of the Problem
16 Appendix
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Title Page
First impressions are strong
The title of your research proposal should state your topic
exactly in the smallest possible number of words
Put your name, the name of your department ,name of your
university, Logo , the name of your advisor (s) and date of
delivery under the title
The title page has no page number
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
BDU Logo
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
BDU Logo...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
BDU Logo...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Title Page...
Title should be:
X Focused
X Highlighting the main contribution of the research work
X Use the keywords
X Avoid ambiguous or confusing word
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Example
Loss reduction in Power System
Speed control of Induction Motor
Performance enhancement of communication systems specifically
wireless communications by modulation schemes BPSK, QPSK
and QAM
Performance of a neural network method with set partitioning
Loss reduction reduction in transmission system using...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Approval Page
It will be used to get formal approval of the proposal.
The proposal should be approved by an advisor, chair holder
and dean of the faculty.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Approval Page...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Abstract/Summary
The abstract is a one page brief summary of the proposal.
It includes the background of the research proposal topic
Specify the question that your research will answer,
Establish why it is a significant question
Show how you are going to answer the question.
Do not put references, figures, or tables in the abstract.
Write Keywords
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Acknowledgment
Acknowledgments section recognizes the persons and/or insti-
tutions
The student extends thanks for special aid or support in the
preparation of the proposal.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Introduction/background
It provides a brief overview of the background to the project
and establishes a particular area, or problem, that needs to be
investigated further.
It provides a clear statement of the topic of the proposed
work.
you need to show how your work will build on and add to the
existing knowledge.
It is recommended to do not exceed three pages in length.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Literature Review
The literature review asks how similar and related questions
have been answered before.
It gives an overview of:
X what has been said
X what questions are being asked
X What methodologies are used
It includes the strengths, the limitations and gaps of previous
studies.
It should be relevant with recent citations
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Statement of the Problem
Effective problem statements answer the question ”why does
this research need to be conducted.”
Make sure the problem is restricted in scope
Make sure the context of the problem is clear
In 180-250 words (but not must) you need to convince the
reader that this study must be done
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Objectives
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Time-bounded
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Objectives...
Research objectives are classified into general objectives and
specific objectives.
General objective is closely related to the statement of the prob-
lem.
Specific objectives are commonly considered as smaller portions
of the general objectives
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Research Methods and Procedures
In this section you need to describe your proposed research
methodology and methods and justify their use.
To do this you need to ask the following questions:
X Why have you decided upon your methodology?
X Why have you decided to use those particular methods?
X Why are other methods not appropriate?
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Research Methods and Procedures...
The heart of the research proposal
Methods/procedures show how you will achieve the objectives,
answer the questions
Indicate the methodological steps you will take to answer
every question.
Description of your materials
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Significance of the study
It describes what contribution your study will make to the broad
educational problems
you have to draft your Significance of the Study by determining:
X what you hope will benefit others
X how readers will benefit or learn from your study
X how the study would be beneficial to society and specific
person.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Work Plan
A work plan informs the reader how long it will take to achieve
the objectives/answer the questions
Different stages of the study should be stated
Description of activities in each stages
Time required to accomplish
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Work Plan...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Budget and Resources
what you will need for your research and how much this is
likely to cost.
If necessary you can include from where you expect to obtain
these.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
What Makes A good proposal?
Relevance
The research is unique, or offers new insight or development.
The title and objectives are all clear
Comprehensive and thorough research background and
literature review has been undertaken.
Timetable, resources and budget have all been worked out
thoroughly,
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Reasons why research proposal fail
Objectives are unclear or vague.
There is a mismatch between the approach being adopted and
the issues to be addressed.
The overall plan is too ambitious and difficult to achieve in
the timescale.
Problem is of insufficient importance.
Unclear methodology
Topic has been done before
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Components of a Research Reports
Title Page
Approval Page
Abstract/ Summary
Acknowledgment
List of symbols
Abbreviations/Acronym
Table of contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Components of a Research Reports...
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background /Overview
1.2 Motivation
1.3 Problem Statements
1.4 Objective
1.5 Methodology
1.6 Thesis/project Contribution
1.7 Thesis/project Organization
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Components of a Research Reports...
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Chapter 3: System Design,Computational studies...
Chapter 4: Results and Discussions
Chapter 5: Conclusions and Future Works
References
Appendix
Note: Identify the margin, line space ,font size and other format
styles
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Parts of Report
The entire report can be viewed as having three basic parts:
X Front part
X Main (body) part and
X Back part
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Front part
It is used to help potential readers find the report.
It will help the reader to quickly decide whether or not the
material contained within the report pertains to what they are
investigating.
X Cover (front and back) provides physical protection
X Title Page
X Abstract
X Table of Contents and
X List of Figures and Tables
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Main part
The author describes the methods, materials & assumptions.
Presents and discusses the results ; draws conclusions, and rec-
ommends actions based on the results.
X Introduction
X Methods, Materials & Assumptions
X Results and Discussion
X Conclusions
X Recommendations for future work
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Back part
Supplements and clarifies the body of the report
Makes the body easier to understand, and shows where addi-
tional information can be found.
X Appendixes
X Bibliography /reference
X List of Symbols
X Abbreviations
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Title Page
First impressions are strong
The title of your research proposal should state your topic
exactly in the smallest possible number of words
Put your name, the name of your department ,name of your
university, Logo , the name of your advisor (s) and date of
delivery under the title
The title page has no page number
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Abstract
An abstract is the short summary of the project.
Provides an overview of the purpose, scope, and findings con-
tained in the report.
Purpose identifies the issue, need, or reason for the investiga-
tion.
Scope reviews the main points, extent and limits of the inves-
tigation.
Findings includes results, condensed conclusions and recom-
mendations.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Abstract...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Acknowledgment
Those persons who have professionally contributed to the work
in kind or in ideas must be acknowledged (like supervisors).
Truthfully indicates to the reader who has played a part in
project.
Next,you also need to acknowledge the institutions that have
provided funding, research space, manpower.
Finally, you may want to mention individuals.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Introduction
Introduction prepares the reader to read the main body of the
report.
It provides a brief overview of the background to the project
and establishes a particular area, or problem, that needs to be
investigated further.
It provides a clear statement of the topic of the proposed work.
Generally, it includes background,motivation, problem state-
ments, objectives, methodology, thesis/project contribution and
thesis/ project organization.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
System model, Materials, Methods & Assumptions
Experimental design and system model will be discussed.
You will describe in detail on how and with what means you
accomplished your work.
The methods, materials & assumptions should be discussed.
Assumptions describes what do you think, but cannot validate
as fact.
The broad part of your document
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Results
This component is the core section of the scientific report.
The results component answers the question: What did you
obtain from the experiments or computation you conducted?.
Identifies the degree of accuracy related to your findings.
Results include: assumptions, simulations, experiments and
limitation of your result.
Results will usually be heavy on tables, figures/graphs, charts,
etc.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Discussions
Discussion basically answers the question: What do the results
mean?.
Interpretation of your results
Generalizations from your results
Describes how accurate your findings are?
What is the significance of the results of the research
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Conclusion
Summary of the work and the results.
What are the factual findings that resulted from your research?
What are your opinions based on the findings and results?
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Recommendations for future work
Suggestions for future work
You are expected to put your future research area in context of
the existing body of scientific knowledge
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
References
The references section is the place where the author cites all of
the secondary research sources that were used.
The format in which references are cited varies from one disci-
pline to another.
Generally, you include the author/s, title of the article, the
journal name, the year of publication, the volume and number
of the journal and the page numbers in which the article cited
is found.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Reference formant contents
Entry Required Fields Description
Article Author,Title,Journal,Year Article from a journal
Book Author, Title, Publisher,Year Book with publisher
Proceeding Author,Title,Booktitle,year Conference Procedding
Manual Title Technical Document
Masterthesis Author, Title, University,Year Masters thesis
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
References...
Journal
[Link], Energy, environment, and advances in power elec-
tronics, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol.15, pp.688-701,
July 2000.
Proceeding
[Link], Expert system, fuzzy logic,and neural network appli-
cations in power electronics and motion control, proc. IEEE,
vol.82, pp.1301-1323, August 1994.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
References...
Book
G. K. Dubey, Power Semicondoctor controlled Drives, Prntice
Hall, Englewood, NJ, 1989.
Thesis
Murray, N. Communication Language Teaching and Language
Teaching Education, Ph.D thesis, University of London, 1996.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
Components of a Research Proposal
Components of Research Reports
Appendices
Anything that cannot be left out of a report, but is too large
for the main part of the report
Examples:
X Large tables of data
X Flowcharts
X Program codes
X Mathematical analysis
X Technical drawings and etc
Fikreselam G. Chapter 4: Research Proposal
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
By: Fikreselam Gared(PhD)
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Outline
1 Structure
2 Components
3 Slide and Contents Layout
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Introduction
Success or failure may well depend upon how clearly you have
managed to communicate your idea to your reader and audi-
ence.
No matter how insightful or original those ideas may be, if you
are not able to present them in a clear and logical way, their
meaning and value is lost.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Structure
Tell to the audience what you are going to present and overview
of the project ( 20% )
Outline, overview, introduction, motivation, problem
Your main presentation and Main body of your talk ( 70%)
Methods, Analysis, Results and Discussions
Tell what you told the audience again by Summary ( 10%)
Conclusion and Recommendation
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Components
1 Title page 8 Research Design
2 Outline 9 Key assumptions
3 Introduction 10 Results and Discussion
4 Problem Statements 11 Limitations of Results
5 Research Objectives 12 Conclusion
6 Literature Review 13 Future work
7 Research Method 14 Few list of References
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Slide and Contents Layout
The background color of the slide and the color of the text
should have a sharp contrast.
If the background of the slide is dark then the text should be
light in color and provide ample contrast.
If unsure, the safest choice is to use black text on white back-
ground.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Slide and Contents Layout...
”Small” case letters are easier to read than ”CAPITALIZED”
letters.
Do not use script type fonts; they may seem fancy on an invi-
tation card, but are unsuitable for professional/ scientific pre-
sentations.
Do not use condensed fonts, where one letter appears to overlap
with the next.
Make sure it is readable to your entire audience
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Slide and Contents Layout...
Font size range of 18 to 28. Good starting point is 24.
Adjust the font size particularly for titles, graph legends, etc.
Using bold font typeface throughout is not necessary.
limit the use of bold fonts for titles, headers and words you
want to emphasize.
Limit the fonts to at most 2 different types
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Slide and Contents Layout...
A slide with more than a few lines of text will bore your audi-
ence.
Dont write every single word on your slides in full sentences.
Spent minimum 10s per slide and maximum 100s per slide or
average 60 s (or 1 min) per slide but not must.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Tables and Figures
Simplify the tables so that you only have a few columns and/or
rows.
If need be, breakdown your table into bite-sized snippets that
the audience can absorb and digest.
Graphs, drawings or pictures in a slide page should be large
enough to be clearly viewed, Well labeled, variables on both
axes scaled and clearly shown with units.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Figures
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Figures...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Bad Structure
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Bad Structure...
This page contains too many words for a presentation slide. It
is not written in point form, making it difficult both for your
audience to read and for you to present each point. Although
there are exactly the same number of points on this slide as
the other slides, it looks much more complicated. In short,
your audience will spend too much time trying to read this
paragraph instead of listening your presentations
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Bad Structure...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Bad Structure...
If you use a small font, your audience wont be able to read what you have written. If you use a small font,
your audience wont be able to read what you have written If you use a small font, your audience wont be
able to read what you have write. If you use a small font, your audience wont be able to read what you have
written
If you use a small font, your audience wont be able to read what you have written. If you use a small font,
your audience wont be able to read what you have written If you use a small font, your audience wont be
able to read what you have write. If you use a small font, your audience wont be able to read what you have
written
If you use a small font, your audience wont be able to read what you have written. If you use a small font,
your audience wont be able to read what you have written If you use a small font, your audience wont be
able to read what you have write. If you use a small font, your audience wont be able to read what you have
written
If you use a small font, your audience wont be able to read what you have written. If you use a small font,
your audience wont be able to read what you have written If you use a small font, your audience wont be
able to read what you have write. If you use a small font, your audience wont be able to read what you have
written
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Bad Structure...
Using a font color that does not contrast with the background
color is hard to read
Using color for decoration is distracting and annoying
Using a different color for each point is unnecessary
X First Point is described here
X Second Point is described here
X Third Point is described here
Trying to be creative can also be bad
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Present what you did
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Planning Your Presentation
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Tips
Language (English)
X Keep it simple (concise/short but accurate)
X Emphasize the key points (and minimize on less essentials)
X Check the difficult pronunciations
Ending a point and beginning a new point
X Slow down and higher volume
X Short pauses
Interact with audience
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Interact with the audience
We absorb information:-
X 1% through taste
X 1.5% through touch
X 3.5% through smell
X 11% through hearing
X 83% through sight
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Tips...
Talk, do not read
Memorizing the speech Read from Laptop
Allows eye contacts ensures precision
Difficult for long speech Does not sound natural
Precision error Hinders eye contact
Speak from Slide
Insures organization
Allows eye contact
Some room for errors
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Tips..
Thank the chairperson for the introduction.
Speak clearly
Pretend you are talking to the back row of seats in the room
(project your voice).
Acknowledge your advisors in Slide 1.
Rigidly stick to the allocated presentation time.
Say thank you at the end
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Tips..
Global Fears
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Tips..
Symptoms of Speech Anxiety:
X Nervous when asked to give a speech
X Before speech your heart is racing
X Fearful that you will begin to shake?
X Because of fear, your words will somehow be lost
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Structure
Components
Slide and Contents Layout
Tips..
How to Overcome Speech Anxiety
Rehearse with friends
Do forget about forgetting
Breathe slowly and deeply before/during speech
Keep your body relaxed
Memorise the first 2-3 sentences (opening sentences).
Put key words on your ppt to trigger your memory.
Arrive and set up early
Do not start speaking until the title slide is visible to the
audience.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 5: Research Presentation Skills
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
By: Fikreselam Gared(PhD)
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Outline
1 Dissemination of research outputs
2 Oral and Poster Presentation
3 Documentation of R & D Works
4 Journal Articles
5 Plagiarism
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Dissemination of research outputs
Most research works have a valuable contribution to the knowl-
edge base of the discipline concerned.
Dissemination refers to communication of research results to
others.
Researchers who are new to this process commonly underesti-
mate the value of their work and fail to disseminate the output
of their efforts appropriately.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Dissemination of research outputs...
Dissemination:-
Expands available knowledge about a subject.
Credentials you in academia
Creates experience and knowledge sharing fields
Enhances reputation of program, universities and country.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Dissemination of research outputs...
Research findings could be disseminated through:-
X Seminars
X Workshop
X Conference
X Symposium
X Scientific Publications
X Others
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Seminars
A seminar constitutes a small group of people/experts engaged
in an intensive study of a thematic issue to determine the pre-
senters focus.
By considering academic exercises and R & D activities, semi-
nars may be :
X Course Seminars
X Research Seminars
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Course Seminars
A course seminars primary function is to conciseness (by area
and scope) review recent progress on a particular topic.
It summarizes the current state of knowledge of the topic.
It creates an understanding of the topic for the reader/audience
by discussing the findings presented in recent original research
papers.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Course Seminars...
There is an inclination among graduate students to view course
seminars as a report. It is not merely a report on some refer-
ences you come across.
Instead, it is a review process that synthesizes the results from
several primary publications to produce a coherent argument
about a topic or focused description of a field.
First select a topic, clearly state the hypothesis or question and
proceed to collect the relevant data and do a thorough analysis.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Research Seminars
Research seminars are presentations of original research con-
ducted by the presenter only or the presenter in collaboration
with other colleagues who have contributed to the work.
In the case of MSc students, you will deliver a research seminar
is during the defense of your thesis.
Research seminars also include presentations at symposia, con-
ferences, etc. that communicate your original research work to
a wider pool.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Workshop
Period of discussion and practical work on a particular subject,
when a group of people share their knowledge and experience.
A workshop paper is not technically a publication and is typi-
cally meant to represent work-in-progress.
Workshop is like a class in which a group of interested people
are trained, helped to learn some methods, develop skills to do
something specific.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Workshop Vs Seminars
Workshop and seminar are often used interchangeably, as both
offer you education or training to boost your career.
However, a seminar is most often a stand-alone event where the
content is delivered by presenters in a one-way communication
format. A workshop is a more interactive experience for those
attending.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Workshop Vs Seminars...
Seminars are frequently more lecture driven with less participant
interaction other than answering questions.
At a workshop, handle the questions as they arise and often
turn them into group discussions.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Conference
It is a large meeting for discussion or exchange of scientific
views.
It is a meeting, sometimes lasting for several days, in which
people with a common interest participate in discussions or
listen to lectures to obtain information.
It is usually annual gathering, e.g. a political party, labor union,
church, mosque at which policy matters and other issues are
discussed or decided.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Conference Vs Seminar
Seminars and conferences are formal meetings that are orga-
nized and attended by participants with the aim of discussing
a specific agenda of common interest.
Seminars are usually shorter meetings that are specifically fo-
cused on educating the participants about a specific subject
that is of interests to all the participants. Conferences take
longer periods.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Conference Vs Seminar...
Seminars take an educational or academic forum where the par-
ticipants are treated as students and are required to acquire
knowledge offered to them by the moderators.
The conference takes a consultative mode where all the partic-
ipants are required to provide and an opinion or position con-
cerning a specific scenario or aspect that is a common interest
to all participants.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Benefits from Conference
To get publication
To share experience
To meet various expertises and reviewers
Opportunity for further academic carriers
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Symposium
A Symposium is a formal gathering in an academic setting
where participants are experts in their fields.
These experts present or deliver their opinions or viewpoints on
a chosen topic of discussion.
There are the usual discussions on the chosen topic after the
experts have presented their speeches.
It would be correct to label a symposium as a small scale con-
ference as the number of delegates is smaller.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Oral and Poster Presentation
Oral Presentation
Prepare your presentation based on the template
Be prepared. Most audience members form an opinion of the
speaker within few seconds, influenced by the following factors:
X Gestures and Movement
X Stance
X Dress
X Hair Grooming
X Eye contact
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Features of an effective speaker
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Oral and Poster Presentation...
Poster Presentation
Poster presentation is a way of communicating concise summary
of your research using poster.
Poster presentation
Roaming audience
Interactive discussion (Small group presentation, often 1-to- 1)
More informal
Flexible content,depending on listener
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Poster Presentation...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Poster Presentation...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Components for Poster
Title and Name
Make the title simple but attractive
Authors name and affiliation with footnote
Abstract
Short summarized abstract
Include objectives, design, result and conclusion
Abstract is not always element of the poster
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Components for Poster...
Introduction and Objectives
Overview of the research
Clearly state objectives and hypotheses
Methods
Provide sufficient information to judge the validity of the study
(scientific Procedures)
Not as detailed as manuscript
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Components for Poster...
Results
Present your key findings using mainly tables and figures
Conclusion
Restate your main findings
References and Acknowledgments
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Poster Organization
Most posters are divided into columns
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Poster Organization...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Documentation of R & D Works
In addition to the above mentioned ways,Research and devel-
opment outputs presented in any other documented methods.
publications may be conveniently documented in hard copies,in
electronic form (storage media), or online . Some of them are:-
X Journals X Bulletin
X Magazine X Equipment manuals
X Proceedings X Books and others
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Journal Articles
It is the most frequently used channel for disseminating research
findings.
It is common practice to aim to get at least one publication out
of your thesis.
If your work published in a prestigious, highly regarded journal,
can significantly enhance your professional standing.
In the current research and publications led university climate,
that can have important implications for your job prospects and
career development.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Journal Articles...
If you do plan to try and publish parts of your research in a
journal, there are a few things youll need to consider.
X Each journal will have a particular focus and will only publish
research which is in line with that focus.
X The journals reputation and prestige.
X Journals are also quite particular about the format of article
submissions and will each have their own style guide.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Journal Articles...
Journal style guides will advise you on such things as:-
X line spacing and margin widths
X how to deal with footnotes
X the way you put equation, tables and figures
X the use of titles and authors
X headings and subheadings,
X how to cite works within the text, and how to format your bib-
liography
X other factors
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
IEEE Transaction Template
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Procedures for Publication
1 Conducting research and getting results that are publishable
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Procedures for Publication
1 Conducting research and getting results that are publishable
2 Writing a paper
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Procedures for Publication
1 Conducting research and getting results that are publishable
2 Writing a paper
3 Sending the paper to journal editor
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Procedures for Publication
1 Conducting research and getting results that are publishable
2 Writing a paper
3 Sending the paper to journal editor
4 Reviewing of the paper
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Procedures for Publication
1 Conducting research and getting results that are publishable
2 Writing a paper
3 Sending the paper to journal editor
4 Reviewing of the paper
5 Decision about publication
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Procedures for Publication
1 Conducting research and getting results that are publishable
2 Writing a paper
3 Sending the paper to journal editor
4 Reviewing of the paper
5 Decision about publication
6 Revision of the paper
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Procedures for Publication
1 Conducting research and getting results that are publishable
2 Writing a paper
3 Sending the paper to journal editor
4 Reviewing of the paper
5 Decision about publication
6 Revision of the paper
7 Re-review
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Procedures for Publication
1 Conducting research and getting results that are publishable
2 Writing a paper
3 Sending the paper to journal editor
4 Reviewing of the paper
5 Decision about publication
6 Revision of the paper
7 Re-review
8 Backlog of journal (Queuing for publication)
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Procedures for Publication
1 Conducting research and getting results that are publishable
2 Writing a paper
3 Sending the paper to journal editor
4 Reviewing of the paper
5 Decision about publication
6 Revision of the paper
7 Re-review
8 Backlog of journal (Queuing for publication)
9 Printing and publishing article
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Decision of the journals
Once your article has been submitted and reviewed there are a
number of possible outcomes:-
1 Most rarely, it may be accepted as it is without any changes
having to be made.
2 It may be accepted on condition that specified changes are
made.
3 The journal may feel the article has potential and invite the
authors to make more substantial changes to it but with no
guarantee of publication.
4 It may be rejected.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Physiological setup
Remember, the process of getting an article published can
often be a long and difficult one.
Be prepared to have your work rejected for the first time so
that dont lose heart and give up.
Do not take rejections personally or interpret them as
indicating that your article is not worthy of publication.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Journal Evaluations
1 Impact Factor
Impact Factor measures how often articles in a specific journal
have been cited. The total number of quotes during a year of
the two immediately preceding years’ [Link]
x be 2018 citations of articles published in 2016-2017
y be number of articles published in 2016-2017
z be impact actor of 2018
x
IF = z =
y
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
IEEE Top journals of 2018
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Journal Evaluations...
2 Immediacy Factor
Measures the average number of times that an article published
in a specific year within a specific journal is cited over the course
of the same year.
Indicates journals that are publishing the latest research in fast
moving specialties.
Example:- The journal Cell contained 500 articles in [Link]
articles were in the same year quoted 4000 times,i.e each article
was quoted on average 8 times
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Journal Evaluations...
3 Prestige Factor
Like the Impact Factor, Prestige Factor measures the frequency
that a journal is cited by other journals.
However, only citations to original articles are considered and
not citations to review articles.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing that has been copied from someone else and is pre-
sented as being your own work;
To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s
own;
To use another’s production without crediting the source;
To commit literary theft; to present as new and original idea or
product derived from an existing source.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Plagiarism...
All of the following are considered as plagiarism:
turning in someone else’s work as your own.
copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit.
failing to put a quotation in quotation marks.
giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation.
copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up
the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not.
changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source
without giving credit.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
self Plagiarism
Just as researchers do not present the work of others as their
own (plagiarism), they do not present their own previously pub-
lished work as new scholarship (self-plagiarism).
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Summarizing Situation in Plagiarism
Copying a paragraph, but changing a few words and giving a
citation.
Copying and pasting a short article from a website, with no
citation.
Taking paragraphs from other thesis and dissertation without
citation and paraphrasing.
Taking a graph and expression from a textbook without giving
the source.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Summarizing Situation in Plagiarism...
Taking a quotation from a source, giving a citation but not
using quotation marks.
Using the results of your own research, e.g. from a survey,
without citation.
Giving a citation for some information but miss-spelling the
authors name.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Avoiding plagiarism
Avoid plagiarism by summarizing and paraphrasing
Paraphrasing involves re-writing a text so that the language is
substantially different while the content stays the same.
Summarizing means reducing the length of a text but retaining
the main points.
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Reasons why students must avoid plagiarism
In academic work, ideas and words are seen as private property
belonging to the person who first thought or wrote them.
Copying the work of others will not help you to develop your
own understanding
Plagiarism is easily detected by examiners and software
It may lead to failing a thesis or even having to leave university
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
plagiarism checker
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
plagiarism checker...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
plagiarism checker...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
plagiarism checker...
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
Dissemination of research outputs
Oral and Poster Presentation
Documentation of R & D Works
Journal Articles
Plagiarism
Fikreselam G. Chapter 6: Dissemination of Research Outputs
You might also like
- Training Needs Assessment in OrganizationsNo ratings yetTraining Needs Assessment in Organizations12 pages
- Understanding Emotional Intelligence (EI)No ratings yetUnderstanding Emotional Intelligence (EI)27 pages
- Attitudinal Training for Positive Work RelationshipsNo ratings yetAttitudinal Training for Positive Work Relationships109 pages
- School Leadership Training: Coaching SkillsNo ratings yetSchool Leadership Training: Coaching Skills29 pages
- Evaluating Learning & Development MetricsNo ratings yetEvaluating Learning & Development Metrics59 pages
- Team Building Training for FDRE PM OfficeNo ratings yetTeam Building Training for FDRE PM Office136 pages
- Strategic HRM: Training & Development InsightsNo ratings yetStrategic HRM: Training & Development Insights27 pages
- Urban Planning and Infrastructure in OromiaNo ratings yetUrban Planning and Infrastructure in Oromia1 page
- Transformational Leadership Training GuideNo ratings yetTransformational Leadership Training Guide258 pages
- Introduction to Human Resource Information Systems100% (1)Introduction to Human Resource Information Systems14 pages
- Training and Development in HR ManagementNo ratings yetTraining and Development in HR Management38 pages
- Cyber Security Bachelor's Curriculum OverviewNo ratings yetCyber Security Bachelor's Curriculum Overview157 pages
- AASTU Human Resources Development InsightsNo ratings yetAASTU Human Resources Development Insights9 pages
- Training Impact on Health Workers in Ethiopia100% (1)Training Impact on Health Workers in Ethiopia89 pages
- Management Responsibilities in Ethiopian PowerNo ratings yetManagement Responsibilities in Ethiopian Power4 pages
- Challenges and Prospects of SMEs in EthiopiaNo ratings yetChallenges and Prospects of SMEs in Ethiopia48 pages
- PHD Computer Science Program: 1. Admission CriteriaNo ratings yetPHD Computer Science Program: 1. Admission Criteria15 pages
- Strategic Human Resource Management Overview100% (1)Strategic Human Resource Management Overview31 pages
- Life Skills Training for University Success100% (1)Life Skills Training for University Success116 pages
- Adigrat University E-Learning Policy GuideNo ratings yetAdigrat University E-Learning Policy Guide68 pages
- Smart Card System Implementation OverviewNo ratings yetSmart Card System Implementation Overview60 pages
- Cybersecurity Curriculum Overview MTechNo ratings yetCybersecurity Curriculum Overview MTech121 pages
- Strengthening Professionalism in Ethiopia's Civil ServiceNo ratings yetStrengthening Professionalism in Ethiopia's Civil Service23 pages
- Strategic Plan for Jimma University JITNo ratings yetStrategic Plan for Jimma University JIT51 pages
- Public Entrepreneurship Training OverviewNo ratings yetPublic Entrepreneurship Training Overview99 pages
- Courseout Lines of Research Methods and PresentationNo ratings yetCourseout Lines of Research Methods and Presentation2 pages
- Civil Aviation Engineering Course OverviewNo ratings yetCivil Aviation Engineering Course Overview4 pages
- Industrial Training for Civil EngineeringNo ratings yetIndustrial Training for Civil Engineering5 pages
- Ph.D. in Information Technology at AKU PatnaNo ratings yetPh.D. in Information Technology at AKU Patna3 pages
- Course Registration Status for HorticultureNo ratings yetCourse Registration Status for Horticulture2 pages
- Enhancing EFL Critical Thinking with TSLNo ratings yetEnhancing EFL Critical Thinking with TSL18 pages
- Copperbelt University 2024 Postgraduate CalendarNo ratings yetCopperbelt University 2024 Postgraduate Calendar1 page
- Strategies for UNESCO's Competitive Advantage100% (1)Strategies for UNESCO's Competitive Advantage16 pages
- Bregedel Tempe Recipe and Exam GuidelinesNo ratings yetBregedel Tempe Recipe and Exam Guidelines8 pages
- Pre-Acceptance Letter for Master's ProgramNo ratings yetPre-Acceptance Letter for Master's Program2 pages
- Civil QA/QC Inspector Profile in PakistanNo ratings yetCivil QA/QC Inspector Profile in Pakistan4 pages
- APPOLYCET 2025 Provisional Allotment OrderNo ratings yetAPPOLYCET 2025 Provisional Allotment Order2 pages
- CILT Exam Success: Techniques and StrategiesNo ratings yetCILT Exam Success: Techniques and Strategies32 pages