ADVANCE ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS FOR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COMPLEX
NUMBERS
Prepared and Presented by: Engr. Reyvencer T. Reyes
TOPIC OUTLINE:
Introduction Arithmetic Geometric Modulus of Polar Form of
• Definitions Interpretation of
Operations Complex Complex
• Terminology
• Addition and Complex Numbers Numbers
• Complex Numbers
Subtraction Numbers • Real Axis
Systems
• Multiplication • Complex • Imaginary Axis
• Division (Complex Number Plane • Origin
Conjugate) • Modulus
• Argument
1 The Real Number Systems
• The counting numbers 1, 2, 3, are called natural numbers. A basic assumption
here is that for every such number n there is a successor n + 1.
• The counting numbers, including zero and their negatives comprise the set of
integers.
• A rational number is one that can be expressed as the quotient of two integers.
(Example: 2/3 , 7/11, 6, 1, -3/5, 0.454545= 909/2000...)
• An irrational number is one that cannot be expressed as the quotient of two
integers. (Example: √2 , π , ∛-7 ...)
• The set of all rational numbers (which includes the integers) and the irrational
numbers form the set of real numbers.
1 The Complex Number Systems
Complex numbers are numbers that extend the real number system to include a new
2
element, denoted as i, where i = -1. The general form of a complex number is written as
a+bi, where a and b are real numbers, and i is the imaginary unit. In this expression:
• The term a is called the real part of the complex number.
• The term b is called the imaginary part of the complex number.
• The symbol i represents the imaginary unit.
Complex numbers can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided, just like real numbers.
The set of complex numbers is denoted by z. The real numbers are a subset of the
complex numbers (where the imaginary part is zero), so every real number is also a
complex number.
1 The Complex Number Systems
2 Complex Number Polar Form
b z = a + bi
a
2 Complex Number Polar Form
Rectangular Form: z= x+yi
Trigonometric Form: z= r (cosθ+i sinθ)
Polar Form: z= r ∠ θ
Exponential Form: z= re iθ
2 Complex Number Polar Form
Rectangular to Trigonometric Form Conversion
3 Arithmetic Operations
Addition and Subtraction of Complex Number
3 Arithmetic Operations
Multiplication Division
3 Arithmetic Operations
Multiplication Division
3 Arithmetic Operations
4 De Moivre’s Theorem
KINDLY STUDY CONTENTS OF How to Use De Moivre’s Theorem to Find Powers
THE ATTACHED LINK: of Complex Numbers – [Link]
4 De Moivre’s Theorem
Example 1: Example 2:
ACTIVITY NO. 3: ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS
1. Evaluate the following, express answer in cartesian form (a+bi):
2. Solve the following using quadratic equation formula, express you r answer in (a+bi):
3. Evaluate the following, express answer in cartesian form (a+bi)
4. Evaluate the following by first converting to exponential form, express answer in cartesian form (a+bi):
[Link] every complex root of the following, express you r answer in (a+bi):
5 Advance Mathematics Calendar
Q2 Q2 D2 D2 D3 D3 M M
A3 A3
Q3 Q3 M M M M
PIT PIT