Notes Made written by Emerald win
Topics What doesit look like Formula How to solve
1ˢᵗorderhomogeneous ODE 0 fpexsdx
y't p x y y exp
9
dx
ordernonhomogeneous one
y't p x y qLx y y Ct y
where is comphomogeneous sol
j
g expl
fpexsdx
separableEa move all dx to one
y
off 1 off side all
y dy to other
side
Integrate isolate
y
BernoulliODES
y't p x y glx y I Find comp homogeneouseq sol
J pixsy o j exp fpexidx
Note Recall that we use the 2 Let y u plug into
same steps to solve a
g [Link] [Link]
non homogeneous ODES 31 Expand product rule Uy
Bernoulli ODEs and eliminate terms
a y tu g pixsu.y [Link]
5 45 9 ensign
1
ae
u qus
unff1
U
glx unyn
hint use sep eq to find a
51 Plug u back into
J
a
y
61 Find C if 1 c are given
Topics What doesit look like Formula How to solve
ExactEquations Mix y dx N x y dy 0 check if an ODE is exact
sty
I
if ODE is exact
if ODE NOI exact
How to solve an Exact Eq
I set Mix y and find
First check if 8 g
exact If it is 2 dx mix y dx they
g In ing
then use
1 1 to 2 Find th
ly
solve Exacteg of f g they
Plug hey back into g from step 1
Final Answer C
g
Determine if the following ODE is exact and
eg
find
[Link] jt j jt i3 uy
solutions
we need to rewrite the ODE such that it looks
like
M x dx NIX y dy 0
y
3
y 4x ya 4y
3 4y
OH 4 42
1 2
4xty dy x
4yd dx
IEjydxt [Link]
May x3 4 y 4
dy Ey
4
If 3,1 4xtya
nix
y
ODE is exact
If
so
217
Now to solve exact equation
I May x3
29g 4y
Find dx x3 4
g g 39 f 4yd x
4 4yxthey
I Find
2g
4
3,1 4
o 4 x th
39 4xy they cy
4 x th
ly
Set Nix y 4xth ly 4xtya
3g
31 h Cys
ya I just integrate
z
hey y y4
I 9 4 4yxthey 4x4 4x4 y
Want more examples
Go to TA's canvas Page NOI Lecture Prof
Canvas
Module Tab Midterm Prep Material
Exp Growth Decay y ay y exp ax
How did I sod
get this adx
y ay
o
y expff
y explax
ᵗ Years t At ryn
semi annual 1T Atf
interest compounded continuous t every
Iyr
an
t At
L monthly
t 12months
974hFer is [Link]
A t Aert
To f
Alt A ert
Ao initial deposit in bank at t o
r interest rate
time
A t Amount of in bank at time t
we wish to have 17,000 in 13
eg years by making only
a account 7.1 interest
p g
rate compounded continuously
How much do I invest now
Q2 Instead I want 7,200 in 5 years how much
do I invest now
Q3_ If invest 4,000 now how much will I have
in 10 years what about 22 years What about
4 months
Q1 solution
A 3 17,000 r 0.071
if Aoert0 071613
Alt
17,000 A 13 A
0.071113
A 17,000
Ao 13,738.6543
a
Q2 Solution
A 5 7,200 r 0.071
10.071 s
7200 A S A
Ao 5818.72
294
Q3 Solution 07 t
Ao 4,000 so Alt Apert 400000
[Link] 4000000714 8,135.97
229
12 4000
0.071122
19,073.39
40
15 34
0
0.07113
4095.80
Mixed Growth Decay goal solve for Qlt
How to set up
at
o 515
Recall non homogeneous ODE a
x look similar
y pixly q
ain't
f
acts
tank has 70 kg of salt in 800 L of
1g A initially
has
water At to 0 the tank 3kg of salt L
poured into the tank at a rate of 4kg min
a Mixture is drained at the same rate
b How about mixture drained at rate 2kg min
vol 800L
sol concentration 3kg L
rate going in 4kg L
rate goingout 4491L
2kg L
Initial condition
10 [Link] 70
For a
Q t 01H 3 4
0
Q t 04 12 looks like non homogeneous
ODE
y pex y gix
9Th so use same method as
solve
non homogeneous to
For b
[Link] att 12
0
solve this ODE using non homogeneous method
far
we have been
using all quarter so
Remember use Q 0 70 to solve for C for a b
Newton's Law of cooling T t KIT T KITH T
heated thedium w
object
goal we wish Tat constant
to set up our eq [Link] temp T
in red and solve Note Imedium just
it non homogeneous means room atmosphere
using
ODE method environment etc
Idea set up ODE k and
your by identifying
from
your word problem
Then solve the ODE
T t K Ttt T
KT t KT
T t Ttt looks like
4 y't petty glt
use Non homogeneous method again
to find Tlt
2nd ORDER ODES
0
homogeneous y pixsy guy
non homogeneous
y t pixly guy
How to solve homogeneous 2ⁿᵈ order ODES
Technique Characteristic Equation
1 sub in y r r I
y y
21 Solve for r
31 Determine root type type of r
gen sol y C e't caert
Real distinct roots r ra
complex Roots ri a α Ipi gen
sol
y C
[Link]
[Link] s ri r
these 3 forms
i i i
g y ay'tt 4g
t Answers can be found
by Sy 12g
via [Link]
0 just type the ODE in
10g 100g
y t
by 0 0
3 33y't
y 28g
How to solve 2ⁿᵈ order non homogeneous ODES
Y Yotyp
Two S
Solve for
I yo using previous method
21 solve for yp using either
Method of undetermined coeff Of
variation of Parameters
Method of undetermined coeff
Find an appropriate yp that looks like right side of ODE
Plug yp into ODE and find coefficients
which make LHS RHS
Plugvalues back into yp
eg y 4y 12g 2t t 3
A
y c e get f t f
2
ft Eg
sin at tett
y by 9y
ᵗ tett 2ett
A y c e ᵗtczte sincat coscat
Help Yp Acos at Bsincat t e't Ct D
2y 22 6
Ty
ᵗ
A
y c cze e't
variation of Parameters P x Q x y R X y f x
y
y y Yp
use characteristic equation method
ye
use of parameters
Yp variation
For var of param
Yp Uiy Uz Yz
where y y are given by first finding yo C y C2Yz
and U 4 are found via the formula s
i
[Link] gg
i
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] effigitin
P is from
y f
where Px t RIX X
y Quly
In steps
Find C
yo Y Czyz
Find 4 4 then plug it back into
U
Yp Y 42 Yz
Lastly yet yp Find 1 c if given
y
eg y ay A c e exe
y y 4
T
EI sec x A c cosix casinex cos In cos x
y ty y sin x
In x
y y y
If C Xt C find
y Yp
A 2
Yp x In x1 49
e
e.g y by't9y
A y
[Link]
eg y y 39
Q Find U and 42 No need to find the full Sol
yo
A y c e cze
e
i
iIxsui E
se exesx
aEII
Application of 2ⁿᵈ order ODES Springs
general eg
my t cy F
Ky
m mass F external force
ftp.h
[Link] [Link] [Link]
eg A spring long An object weighing 4 lbs
is 2 ft is
attached to it then brought to equilibrium
At equilibrium the spring's length increases by
6 inches
6 inches down Initial
Initially we pull the system
velocity upon release is 1ft s
f
t o
6
I 16
1 l
16
velocity at t o is 1ft Is y O I Fbe
6
m
itI eiigsi fyos
C 0 no damp F
given
K use mg K Al from stretch after object added
3lb 32 ft 52 K 6 in NOT from pulling down at t 0
So ODE is y O
Y 329 0
y 10 6
y O 0
w damp F 10
e.g consider a spring w a
kg MISS
suppose that the spring is being held in a
streaked position I m past its natural length
It takes 9 N of force to hold this position
At t o The spring is pulled down an
additional 25cm and released with initial
velocity 2imI unsure about this
tI
it r
I
G f
Et 325m
m c 10 K F Kal
9
91
K 9
t 9y 0
Y 10g
10 2
y
NTF Dl of
y 10 resting state to
start of t o
Kal again
mg
7kg 9.8m 52 9 De
Al 7.3 m
7199
o 7.3m 0.25m 7m
y
NOTE PLEASE PRACTICE PROF S SPRING Q's
Higher ORDER ODES
We use a lot of the same methods as 2ⁿᵈ order ODES
Take a quick look back at
Characteristic Equation
Method of Undet Coeff
A lot of these root equations can be broken up nicely
Please refer to this table
2
at b a b
a b at b 2
Homogeneous Examples
0
[Link] y ay y ay
5
3 2r r 2 O
r 1 r 1 r 2 0
r I r I
r3 2 13 distinct roots
c e cze cze
y
If I have these roots what will my solution be
r 2 r2 [Link] 6 ry 2
oct we have
I pair of repeated roots r dry 2
complex roots r Ifsi
I distinct root r3 6
[Link]
0
eg y ay y
Note is another way to write
y y
Hint Think about how r art 1 rti rti
if we let r s we
get 54 252 1
5
4 2,2 I
r 2 1 r t 1 0
r I Ii two sets of the same complex roots
E V3.4
repeated complex roots
C cos x cze sincx cosex sin x
y Cz Cy
c cosex casino excise sincx
y
Ex
o
y y
0
[Link] yet sy
Non homogeneous Examples
12 cos 2x
e.g y Ty y
Sol r 782 12 r 0
r r2 7r 12 0
r r 3 r 4 0
r O r 3 5 4
YE C e ce cze
y
C cze get
Yp guess yp Acoscax Bsin 2x
2B cos 2x
Yp 2A sin
2x
4ACOS 2x 4 Bsin 2x
yp 8BCOS 2x
Yp 8 Asin ax
plug into ODE
cos 2x
Yp Typ 129p
8Asincax 8Bcosc2 4Acoscax 4Bsincax 12 2Asincax 2Bcostax cos 2x
P
Casino tech text Hasing they
2813 2 44 sin 2x
[Link] 8At24B cosC2X E.sincaxtICOSC2X
0
8A 2813 24A 0 8B 28A 24 B I
16A 28 B 0 28A 16B 1
I
A
9 13 28 B 1GB
9 B
Is
A
s
Yp Acos 2x Bsin 2x
coscax sin 2x
Yp
So C sin 2x
finally y cze Ge 8 coscax
8
48g 64g 12 320
y 12g
r 12r 48r 64 0
r 4 3 0 r 4 22 4 3 4
c e c xe c x e4
y
8
A Be
Yp guess yp 8
8 Be
Yp 8
64 Be
Yp 8
512 Be
Yp
512Bé8 12164Be 8 481 8Be 8 64 At Bé8 12 32
8 8
512 768 384 64 Be 64A 12 320
17283158 IA 12 3 2584
64 A 12 1728 B 32
A B
Yp e
8
c e to xe to e e
y
other examples
4r cos 4 7
e.g y 5y
[Link] y 343g 7e
cos 2x sin 3x
e.g y By 2y
eg y 9y 27y 27 Tx
y