beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  282

Aóg Aa¨vq
e„Ë leonhard Euler
MwYZwe` I `vk©wbK wjIbnvW© Aqjvi (1707-1783)
cÖ_g e„Ë m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`b Ges e„Ë m¤úwK©Z GKwU eB
Circle wj‡Lb| D³ eB‡q wZwb e„‡Ëi MÖnY‡hvM¨ msÁv I
e„ËvKvi †ÿ ‡Îi †ÿ Îdj wbY©‡qi c×wZ eY©bv K‡ib|

A b yk xj b x 8 .1
cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`
 e„Ë :
e„Ë GKwU mgZjxq R¨vwgwZK wPÎ hvi we›`y¸‡jv †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y †_‡K mg`~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z| wbw`©ó
we›`ywU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª| wbw`©ó we›`y †_‡K mg`~iZ¡ eRvq †i‡L †Kv‡bv we›`y †h Ave× c_ wPwÎZ K‡i ZvB
e„Ë| †K›`ª n‡Z e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`yi `~iZ¡‡K e¨vmva© e‡j| hvi †K›`ª O I e¨vmva© r| wP‡Î O e„‡Ëi
†K›`ª, A, B I C e„˯’ we›`y| OA, OB I OC Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU e„ËwUi e¨vmva©|
 e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍi I ewnf©vM :
hw` †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O Ges e¨vmva© r nq Z‡e O †_‡K mgZ‡ji †h mKj we›`yi `~iZ¡ r †_‡K Kg
Zv‡`i †mU‡K e„ËwUi Af¨šÍi Ges O †_‡K mgZ‡ji †h mKj we›`yi `~iZ¡ r †_‡K †ewk Zv‡`i †mU‡K
e„ËwUi ewnf©vM ejv nq| e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍi¯’ `yBwU we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk m¤ú~Y©fv‡e e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡iB
_v‡K|
 e„‡Ëi R¨v I e¨vm :
e„‡Ëi `yBwU wfbœ we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk e„ËwUi GKwU R¨v| e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv R¨v hw` †K›`ª w`‡q hvq
Z‡e R¨vwU‡K e„‡Ëi e¨vm ejv nq| wP‡Î, AB I AC e„ËwUi `yBwU R¨v Ges e„ËwUi †K›`ª O| G‡`i
g‡a¨ AC R¨vwU e¨vm; KviY R¨vwU e„ËwUi †K›`ªMvgx| cÖ‡Z¨K e¨v‡mi ˆ`N©¨ 2r, †hLv‡b r e„ËwUi
e¨vmva©|

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

cÖkœ \ 1 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v ci¯úi‡K avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
mgwØLwÊZ Ki‡j Zv‡`i †Q`we›`y e„ËwUi †K›`ª n‡e| (1) O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges AB
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y E [Rvbv Av‡Q †h, e„‡Ëi e¨vm wfbœ
R¨v ci¯úi‡K mgwØLwÊZ Ki‡j Zv‡`i †Q`we›`y e„ËwUi †K›`ª n‡e| †Kv‡bv R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y Ges
A C †K‡›`ªi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H R¨v
Gi Ici j¤^]
 OE ⊥ AB A_©vr OEA = GK mg‡KvY
E O
(2) Avevi, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges CD R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y E
 OE ⊥ CD A_©vr OEC = GK mg‡KvY
D B (3) †h‡nZz AB Ges CD `yBwU ci¯úi‡”Q`x mij‡iLv|
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ACBD e„‡Ëi AB I CD `yBwU R¨v  OEA Ges OEC DfqB GK mg‡KvY n‡Z cv‡i bv|
ci¯úi‡K E we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÊZ K‡i‡Q| (4) myZivs E e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv we›`y e„‡Ëi †K›`ª n‡Z cv‡i bv|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, E-B e„‡Ëi †K›`ª|  E we›`ywU ACBD e„‡Ëi †K›`ª| [cÖgvwYZ]
A¼b : e„ËwUi †K›`ª E bv a‡i O awi Ges O, E †hvM Kwi| cÖkœ \ 2 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, `yBwU mgvšÍivj R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK
cÖgvY : mij‡iLv †K›`ªMvgx Ges R¨v؇qi Ici j¤^|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  283
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, `yBwU mgvšÍivj cÖkœ \ 4 \ wP‡Î O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges R¨v AB = R¨v AC| cÖgvY Ki
R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv †K›`ªMvgx Ges R¨v؇qi Ici j¤^| †h, BAO = CAO.
A
A E B

O
D F C O

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| AB Gi ga¨we›`y E B C

Ges CD Gi ga¨we›`y F Ges ABCD| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, EF mgvavb :

A
†K›`ªMvgx Ges AB I CD Gi Ici j¤^|
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) F, CD Gi ga¨we›`y Ges OF †K›`ª I R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`yi O
ms‡hvRK †iLvsk|
B C
 OF, CD Gi Ici j¤^| [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I R¨v‡qi
ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges R¨v AB = R¨v AC|
AO †K›`ªMvgx e¨vmva©|
R¨v‡qi Ici j¤^]
Ges OFC = GK mg‡KvY| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BAO = CAO
(2) Avevi, E, AB Gi ga¨we›`y nIqvq OE, AB Gi Ici j¤^ A¼b : O, B Ges O, C †hvM Kwi|
Ges AEO = GK mg‡KvY| [GKB Kvi‡Y] cÖgvY :
 AEO = OFC [GKvšÍi †KvY] avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(3) AB  CD nIqvq EF †Q`K| (1) AOB I AOC Gi g‡a¨
A_©vr E, O, F GKB mij‡iLv| AB = AC [†`Iqv Av‡Q]
AZGe, EF †K›`ªMvgx Ges EF⊥CD Ges FE⊥AB [cÖgvwYZ] BO = CO [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
cÖkœ \ 3 \ †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AB I AC R¨v `yBwU A we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i Ges AO evû mvaviY| [evû-evû-evû Dccv`¨]
mv‡_ mgvb †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| cÖgvY Ki †h, AB = AC  wÎfzRØq me©mg|
mgvavb : AZGe, BAO = CAO| [cÖgvwYZ]
A
cÖkœ \ 5 \ †Kv‡bv e„Ë GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`y¸‡jv w`‡q
M N hvq| †`LvI †h, e„ËwUi †K›`ª AwZfz‡Ri ga¨we›`y|
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : †Kv‡bv e„Ë GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri
B O
C
kxl©we›`y¸‡jv w`‡q hvq| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, e„ËwUi †K›`ª AwZfz‡Ri
ga¨we›`y|
A
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| AB I AC R¨v
`yBwU OA e¨vmv‡a©i mv‡_ mgvb †KvY Drcbœ K‡i A_©vr BAO =
CAO| O
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB = AC
A¼b : O n‡Z AB Gi Ici OM Ges AC Gi Ici ON j¤^ AuvwK|
cÖgvY : B C
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) OM,AB Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq, OM, AB †K mgwØLwÊZ we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, mg‡KvYx ABC Gi B = GK
K‡i| mg‡KvY Ges AC AwZfyR|
1 A, B, C kxl©we›`y w`‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvKv n‡jv| g‡b Kwi, e„ËwUi
A_©vr, AM = 2 AB †K›`ª O| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, †K›`ª O AwZfyR AC Gi ga¨we›`y|
1
(2) Avevi, ON, AC Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq, AN = 2 AC cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(3) GLb, AOM I AON Gi g‡a¨ (1) ABC-Gi
AMO = ANO [mg‡KvY e‡j] ABC = GK mg‡KvY [Kíbv]
MAO = NAO [Kíbv]
 ABC, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi Aa©e„˯’ †KvY|
Ges AO mvaviY evû|
[ Aa©e„˯’ †KvY GK mg‡KvY]
 wÎfzR `ywU me©mg|
(2) A, B, C we›`yMvgx e„‡Ëi e¨vm AC|
AZGe, AM = AN myZivs e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O, e¨vm AC Gi Dci Aew¯’Z|
1 1
A_©vr 2 AB = 2 AC  OA = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j]
 AB = AC [cÖgvwYZ]  e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O, AwZfyR AC Gi ga¨we›`y| [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  284
cÖkœ \ 6 \ `yBwU mg‡Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi GKwUi AB R¨v Aci e„ˇK C I DN =
1
CD [GKB]
D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki †h, AC = BD 2
mgvavb : †h‡nZz, AB = CD
E  AM = DN  (ii)
F
(4) mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
PM + AM = PN + DN
O ev, AP = PD
(5) Avevi, AB = CD
A P D B ev, AB – AP = CD – PD
C
ev, PB = PC
AZGe, AP = PD Ges PB = PC [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABE I CDF e„Ë `yBwUi †K›`ª O| ABE cÖkœ \ 8 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, e„‡Ëi mgvb R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë|
e„‡Ëi R¨v AB, CDF e„ˇK C I D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, e„‡Ëi mgvb R¨v
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AC = BD| Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë|
A¼b : O n‡Z AB ev CD Gi Ici OP j¤^ AuvwK| A
cÖgvY : F
M
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) OP, CD Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq OP, CD-†K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| B O N
D
A_©vr CP = PD [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª n‡Z †Kv‡bv R¨v Gi
Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ H R¨v‡K P
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i] C
E
(2) Avevi, OP, AB Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq, OP, AB-†K we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCEDF e„‡Ë O †K›`ª| AB, CD Ges
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
EF wZbwU ci¯úi mgvb mgvb R¨v| M, N Ges P mgvb R¨vÕ¸‡jvi
A_©vr, AP = BP [GKB]
GLb, AP = AC + CP ga¨we›`y|
Ges BP = PD + BD cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, M, N Ges P mge„Ë|
myZivs AC + CP = PD + BD [ AP = BP]
A¼b : O I M, O I N Ges O I P †hvM Kwi|
 AC = BD [cÖgvwYZ] [ CP = PD] cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
cÖkœ \ 7 \ e„‡Ëi `yBwU mgvb R¨v ci¯úi‡K †Q` Ki‡j †`LvI †h, (1) †h‡nZz M, AB Gi ga¨we›`y
Zv‡`i GKwUi AskØq AciwUi Ask؇qi mgvb| Ges OM †K›`ªMvgx †iLvsk|
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : e„‡Ëi `yBwU mgvb R¨v ci¯úi‡K †Q` Ki‡j,  OM, AB Gi Dci j¤^| [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I e¨vm wfbœ †Kv‡bv
†`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, Zv‡`i GKwUi AskØq AciwUi Ask؇qi mgvb| R¨v Gi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK
A D †iLvsk H R¨v Gi Ici j¤^]
(2) OP, CD Gi Ici j¤^| [GKB KviY]
O
(3) ON, EF Gi Dci j¤^| [GKB KviY]
M N
(4) OM = OP = ON [e„‡Ëi mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z
P mg`~ieZ©x]
C B myZivs O †K †K›`ª K‡i OM A_ev ON A_ev OP Gi mgvb
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ACBD e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| AB I CD `ywU e¨vmva© wb‡q e„Ë A¼b Ki‡j M, N I P we›`y w`‡q hv‡e|
mgvb R¨v ci¯úi‡K P we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| AZGe, M, N I P mge„Ë| [cÖgvwYZ]
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AP = PD Ges PB = PC cÖkœ \ 9 \ †`LvI †h, e¨v‡mi `yB cÖvšÍ †_‡K Zvi wecixZ w`‡K
A¼b : O n‡Z AB Gi Ici OM Ges CD Gi Ici ON j¤^ `yBwU mgvb R¨v A¼b Ki‡j Zviv mgvšÍivj nq|
AuvwK| O, P †hvM Kwi| mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, e¨v‡mi `yB cÖvšÍ †_‡K
cÖgvY : Zvi wecixZ w`‡K `yBwU mgvb R¨v A¼b Ki‡j Zviv mgvšÍivj nq|
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv M
A B
(1) MOP I NOP mg‡KvYx wÎfzR `yBwUi g‡a¨
OM = ON [mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x] O
Ges OP mvaviY AwZfzR|
 wÎfzR `yBwU me©mg| D C
N
 PM = PN  (i)
(2) GLb, OM, AB Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq, we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges AC e¨vm|
1
AM = AB
2
[e„‡Ëi †K›`ª n‡Z †Kv‡bv AB I CD `yBwU mgvb mgvb R¨v AC e¨v‡mi wecixZ w`‡K Aew¯’Z|
R¨v‡qi Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB  CD
H R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i] A¼b : O n‡Z AB Gi Ici OM Ges CD Gi Ici ON j¤^ AuvwK|
(3) ON, CD Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq, cÖgvY :
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  285
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv  wÎfzRØq me©mg|
(1) OM, AB Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq,  AM = CN
1 1 1
AM = AB
2
[†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ †h‡Kv‡bv (4) A_©vr 2 AB = 2 CD
R¨v-Gi Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ AZGe, AB = CD [†`Lv‡bv
n‡jv]
R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i] cÖkœ \ 11 \ †`LvI †h, e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v Gi g‡a¨ e„nËi R¨v-wU
[GKB] ¶z`ªZi R¨v A‡c¶v †K‡›`ªi wbKUZi|
1
(2) ON, CD Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq, CN = 2 CD
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v-Gi
(3) †h‡nZz, AB = CD g‡a¨ e„nËi R¨vwU ¶z`ªZi R¨v A‡c¶v †K‡›`ªi wbKUZi|
 AM = CN A C
(4) AOM I CON
Gi g‡a¨ AM = CN
E O F
AO = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j]
Ges OM=ON [mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x e‡j]
B D
 wÎfzRØq me©mg| we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABDC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª| AB I CD
 A = C `yBwU R¨v-Gi g‡a¨ AB  CD| OE Ges OF †K›`ª O †_‡K
wKšÍz †KvY `yBwU AC †iLvi wecixZ cv‡k Aew¯’Z|
h_vµ‡g AB I CD Gi Ici j¤^| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, OE  OF
myZivs †KvY `yBwU GKvšÍi nIqvq AB  CD [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv] A¼b : O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kwi|
cÖkœ \ 10 \ †`LvI †h, e¨v‡mi `yB cÖvšÍ †_‡K Zvi wecixZ w`‡K cÖgvY :
`yBwU mgvšÍivj R¨v AuvK‡j Zviv mgvb nq| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, e¨v‡mi `yB cÖvšÍ †_‡K (1) OE, AB Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq,
Zvi wecixZ w`‡K `yBwU mgvšÍivj R¨v AuvK‡j Zviv mgvb nq| 1
AE = AB [†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ †h‡Kv‡bv
2
A M R¨v-Gi Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ R¨v‡K
B
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
O
(2) Ges OF, CD Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq,
1
D
N
C CF =
2
CD [GKB]
(3) AOE mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R AO AwZfzR
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges AC e¨vm|
 OA2 = OE2 + AE2 (i)
AC e¨v‡mi wecixZ cv‡k ABCD `yBwU R¨v| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, [wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨]
AB = CD (4) Avevi, COF mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R CO AwZfzR
A¼b : O n‡Z AB Gi Ici OM Ges CD Gi Ici ON j¤^ AuvwK|
 OC2 = OF2 + CF2 (ii)
cÖgvY : (5) AO Ges OC GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© nIqvq, OA = OC [GKB]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
myZivs, OE + AE = OF + CF
2 2 2 2 (iii)
(1) OM, AB R¨v Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq, 1 1
1 (6) wKšÍz AB  CD nIqvq, 2 AB  2 CD
AM =
2
AB [†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ †h‡Kv‡bv
ev, AE  CF
R¨v-Gi Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ R¨v‡K
 AE2  CF2
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
mgxKiY (iii) bs †_‡K †`Lv hvq,
(2) ON, CD R¨v Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq,
AE2 hw` CF2 †_‡K e„nËi nq Z‡e OE2, OF2 †_‡K ¶z`ªZi
1
CN =
2
CD [ GKB ] n‡e|
(3) AOM I CON Gi g‡a¨ myZivs OE2  OF2
AMO = CNO [mg‡KvY e‡j]  OE  OF [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]
MAO = NCO [GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j]
Ges AO = CO [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j]

¸iæZ¡c~Y© enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

1.
O
10 6
A B
D
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  286
wP‡Î AB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K 8 L 12  16 N 20 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
2. O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë OC = 3cm, AB = 8cm Ges OC ⊥ wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 5 I 6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
AB, OB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †[Link].? A C

E F
O O
3cm
B D
A
C
B O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges OE = OF = 4 cm
wP‡Î AB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK? 5. OA Gi gvb KZ?
K 4 cm  5 cm M 6 cm N 7 cm
K 4  5 M 6 N 8
3. e„‡Ëi− 6. wP‡Î−
i. CD = 6 cm ii. OAB = OCD
i. e¨vmB e„nËg R¨v iii. AOE  COF
ii. mKj mgvb R¨v †K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x mKj R¨v ci¯úi mgvb
iii. K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii C
4. 1cm
A B
O

7. ACB Gi gvb KZ?

A B
D K 45 L 60  90 N 120
wP‡Î AB = 10 †[Link]. Ges OA = 7 †[Link]. n‡j− 8. AB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †[Link].?
i. AD = 5 †[Link]. ii. OD = 4 †[Link]. K 5 L 3  5 N 3
iii.  †ÿÎ AOB = 10 6 eM© †[Link].

AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

M OF − OE>0  OE = OF
81 : e„Ë 14. 5 †[Link]. e¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ë, †K›`ª †_‡K Aci GKwU we›`yi
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi `~iZ¡ 3 †[Link]. n‡j Aci we›`ywU e„‡Ëi †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? (ga¨g)
K evB‡i  †fZ‡i M Dc‡i N †K‡›`ª
9. Pwe›`yi mÂvic_ me©`vB GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x e¨vL¨v : †K›`ª †_‡K †Kv‡bv we›`yi `~iZ¡ e¨vmva© †_‡K †QvU n‡j we›`ywU
n‡j, P we›`yi mÂvic‡_i R¨vwgwZK wPÎ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) e„‡Ëi †fZ‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i|
 e„Ë L wÎfyR M iwk¥ N PZzf©yR 15. e„‡Ëi †fZ‡i I evB‡i Aew¯’Z `yBwU we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk
10. O we›`y †_‡K r `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z A, B, C,  we›`ymg~n GKwU e„ˇK KqwU we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡e? (mnR)
e„Ë MVb K‡i| e„ËwUi †K›`ª †KvbwU? (mnR) K4 L3 M2 1
Kr LA MB O 16. O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë AB R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y D n‡j,
11. †K›`ª n‡Z e„˯’ †Kv‡bv we›`yi `~iZ¡‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K e¨vm  e¨vmva© M R¨v N cwiwa  OD ⊥ AB L OD  AB M OD = AB N OD = AD
e¨vL¨v :
12. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë A, B I C e„˯’ we›`y| myZivs OA, OB
I OC †K e„ËwUi Kx ejv n‡e? (mnR)
O

O
C A D B
†h‡nZz, e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I e¨vm wfbœ †Kv‡bv R¨v Gi ga¨we›`yi
A B ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H R¨v Gi Ici j¤^|  OD ⊥ AB
K e¨vm  e¨vmva© M Pvc N R¨v 17. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë OD, AB R¨v‡qi Ici j¤^| AD = 2
13. e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O †_‡K OE I OF `~ieZ©x AB I CD R¨vØq †[Link]. n‡j AB = KZ? (ga¨g)
mgvb n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K OE > CD L OF > OE
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  287
e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi †K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x mKj R¨v ci¯úi mgvb|
O
28. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi ci¯úi j¤^fv‡e Aew¯’Z `yBwU R¨v AB I AC
Gi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 5 †[Link]. I 12 †[Link]., e„ËwUi e¨vmva© KZ
†[Link].? (ga¨g)
A D B  65 L 75 M 85 N 95
K2 †[Link]. L 3 †[Link].  4 †[Link]. N 5 †[Link]. 29. P †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë PM ⊥ XY| PM = 4 †[Link]. Ges e„ËwUi
18. O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë O we›`y OD ⊥ AB n‡j, wb‡Pi e¨vmva© 5 †[Link]. n‡j R¨v-Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †[Link].? (KwVb)
†KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K OD = AB L OD = AD M OD = BD  AD = BD P
19. 35 †[Link]. e¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ëi †K›`ªMvgx R¨v-Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ
†[Link].? (ga¨g)
K 175 L 53 7 N0 X M Y
e¨vL¨v : †K›`ªMvgx R¨v e„‡Ëi e¨vm|  e¨vm = 2r = 2  35 = 7 †[Link].| K3 6 M9 N 10
20. wb‡Pi †KvbwU e„ˇK GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : PY2 = PM2 + MY2 ev, MY = 3 †[Link].;
K e¨vm  e¨vmva© M R¨v N †K›`ª  XY = 2MY = 2  3 = 6 †[Link].|
21. 30. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë OM ⊥ AB| OM = 6 †[Link]. Ges
AB = 16 †[Link]. n‡j OB = KZ †[Link].? (KwVb)
O
O
A D B
A M B
wP‡Î, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AD = BD = 8 †[Link]. Ges OD =
6 †[Link]. n‡j OA = KZ †[Link].? (KwVb)  10 L 12 M 16 N 32
1 2
K 13 L 12 M 11  10
e¨vL¨v : OA = AD2 + OD2 = 82 + 62 = 100 = 10
e¨vL¨v : OB2 = OM2 + BM2 = (6)2 + 2  16 ( )
 OB = 100 = 10 †[Link].|
22. e„‡Ëi `yBwU wfbœ we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
K e¨vm L e¨vmva©  R¨v N Pvc enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
23. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I AC R¨v| G‡`i g‡a¨ †KvbwU e¨vm? (mnR)
C
31. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
B i. e„Ë GKwU mgZjxq R¨vwgwZK wPÎ

ii. e„˯’ mKj we›`yB e„ËwUi e¨vmva©
O
iii. †K›`ª n‡Z e„˯’ †Kv‡bv we›`yi `~iZ¡‡K e¨vmva© e‡j
A
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K AB L OA M OC  AC
24. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë OD ⊥ AB n‡j, Ges OD = 5 †[Link]. 32. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍi¯’−
i. `yBwU we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk m¤ú~Y©fv‡e e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡iB _v‡K
Ges AB = 24 †[Link]. n‡j, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© KZ? (KwVb)
ii. GKwU we›`y I ewnt¯’ GKwU we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk
e„ËwU‡K GKwU I †Kej GKwU we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i
O
iii. mKj we›`y H e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡iB _v‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
A D B K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

K 10 †[Link]. L 29 †[Link]. 33. e„‡Ëi−

M 14 †[Link].  13 †[Link]. i. mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x
AB 24 ii. †K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv R¨v-Gi Ici Aw¼Z
e¨vL¨v : OD = 5, AD = 2 = 2 = 12 j¤^ H R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i
 e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, OA = AD2 + OD2 = (12)2 + 52 = 169 = 13 iii. †h‡Kv‡bv mij‡iLvi `yB‡qi AwaK †Q`we›`y _vK‡Z cv‡i bv
25. GKwU e„‡Ëi R¨v H e„‡Ëi †K›`ª w`‡q †M‡j Zv‡K Kx ejv nq? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K ¯úk©K  e¨vm M cwiwa N e¨vmva© K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
26. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e„nËg R¨v 10 †[Link]., H e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© KZ †[Link].? (mnR) 34. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë−
K2 5 M 10 N 20 R L
e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi e„nËg R¨v n‡jv e„‡Ëi e¨vm| e¨v‡mi A‡a©K n‡jv e¨vmva©|
27. AB I CD R¨v-Øq †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x n‡j P  Q
O
†KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K AB = CD
1
L 2AB = CD
i. †K›`ªMvgx R¨v PQ ii. P, Q I R mge„Ë we›`y
2 iii. L we›`y e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z
M AB  CD  AB = CD
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  288
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 38. e„‡Ëi †K›`ªMvgx R¨v-Gi ˆ`N©¨ 20 †[Link]. n‡j−
35. r †[Link]. e¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ëi− i. †K›`ª n‡Z GKwU we›`yi `~iZ¡ 12 †[Link]. n‡j we›`ywU
i. e„nËg Pvc 2r e„‡Ëi †fZ‡i Aew¯’Z
ii. e„nËg R¨v 2r ii. Gi e¨vm 20 †[Link].
iii. cwiwa 2r iii. †K›`ª n‡Z Aci we›`yi `~iZ¡ 40 †[Link]. n‡j we›`ywU
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) cwiwa‡Z Aew¯’Z
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
36.  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : †K›`ªMvgx R¨v e„‡Ëi e¨vm| A_©vr e¨vm = 20 †[Link].| myZivs
B o
 C
e¨vmva© 10 †[Link].|
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
A
 wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 39−41 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë− M
A D
i. OA = OC
ii. AC e„‡Ëi e¨vm O
iii. BC †K e„‡Ëi R¨v ejv hvq
C N B
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii O †K›`ªwewkó ACBD e„‡Ë AB Ges CD `yBwU e¨vm|
MN ⊥ AD, AD = 8 †[Link]. Ges ON = 3 †[Link].|
37. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë OR ⊥ PQ n‡j−
39. AM = KZ †[Link].? (mnR)
o 4 L5 M6 N8

40. e„ËwUi e¨vmva© KZ †[Link].? (ga¨g)
P R Q 5 L6 M7 N8
i. OR = PR ii. PR = QR 41. e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †[Link].? (ga¨g)
iii. ORP = ORQ K 754  7854 M 8344 N 8548
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)

wbe©vwPZ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

42. K e¨vm L R¨v  e¨vmva© N e„ËPvc
47. †h †Kv‡bv mij‡iLv GKwU e„‡Ëi KqwU we›`y‡K †Q` Ki‡Z
O cv‡i?
 `yBwU L wZbwU M PviwU N cuvPwU
48. †K›`ª I e„˯’ †Kv‡bv we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk‡K Kx e‡j?
A B
D K R¨v  e¨vmva© M e¨vm N cwiwa
wP‡Î AB = 6 †[Link]. Ges OA = 5 †[Link]. n‡j, OD = KZ? 49. e„‡Ëi cÖ‡Z¨K e¨v‡mi ga¨we›`y‡K Kx e‡j?
K 3 †[Link]. L 35 †[Link].  4 †[Link]. N 1 †[Link]. K j¤^we›`y L mgwe›`y M mvaviY we›`y  †K›`ª
43. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e„nËg R¨v‡qi ˆ`N©¨ 10 cm n‡j, e¨vmva© wb‡Pi 50. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB e¨vm wfbœ GKwU R¨v I ODA =
†KvbwU? 90 n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 5 cm L 10 cm M 20 cm N 25 cm
1
44. O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë AB R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y D n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU K OA = OD L OD = AB  AD = BD N OA = OB
2
mwVK? 51.
K OD = AB L OD = AD  OD ⊥ AB N OD  AB
A C
45.
B
E O F
O
B D
A
C
ABCD e„‡Ëi AB = CD, OE I OF h_vµ‡g AB I CD Gi
Dc‡ii wP‡Î A = 60, OBC = 12 B Ges OCB = 12C `~iZ¡| OE = 3 †[Link]., AE = 4 †[Link]. n‡j, OC = ?
n‡j, BOC = KZ? K 6 †[Link].  5 †[Link]. M 25 †[Link]. N 9 †[Link].
K 90  120 M 110 N 150 52. e„‡Ëi Ici e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x KqwU
46. †K›`ª n‡Z e„˯’ †Kv‡bv we›`yi `~iZ¡‡K Kx e‡j? we›`y Av‡Q?
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  289
K 1wU  2wU M 3wU N 4wU  wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 65 I 66 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
53. O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU R¨v| O †_‡K AB Ges
CD Gi Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ OE = 3 cm Ges OF = 2 cm|
O
65. e„ËwUi e¨vm = 10 cm n‡j AB = ?
K 3 cm L 4 cm  8 cm N 10 cm
66. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K 2 cm  CF  3 cm L 3 cm  CF  4 cm
B C
 4 cm  CF  5 cm N 5 cm  CF  10 cm
wP‡Î ABC mgevû wÎfzR n‡j BOC Gi gvb KZ?  wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 67 I 68 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K 30 L 60 M 90  120 `yBwU mg‡Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O, e„nËi e„‡Ëi AB R¨v ¶z`ªZi
54. e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v ci¯úi‡K mgwØLwÊZ Ki‡j †Q`we›`yi e„ËwU‡K C I D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| OE ⊥ AB| AB = 8 †[Link].,
Ae¯’vb e„‡Ëi− CD = 6 cm Ges e„nËi e„‡Ëi e¨vm 10 cm|
K Ic‡i L evB‡i M cwiwa  †K‡›`ª
67. OE = ?
 3 cm L 4 cm M 5 cm N 10 cm
55. GKwU e„‡Ëi PviwU R¨v‡qi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 3 †[Link]., 4 68. ¶z`ªZi e„ËwUi e¨vmva© KZ?
†[Link]., 5 †[Link]. I 6 †[Link].| †K‡›`ªi wbKUZg R¨v K 2 3 cm  3 2 cm M 3 3 cm N 18 cm
†KvbwU?  wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 69 I 70 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K cÖ_gwU L wØZxqwU M Z…ZxqwU  PZz_w© U O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 4 †[Link].|
56. 69. O †_‡K A we›`yi `~iZ¡ KZ †[Link].?
C K2 4 M8 N 16
70. O †_‡K D we›`yi `~iZ¡ 6 †[Link].| D we›`y e„‡Ëi †Kv_vq
 Aew¯’Z?
K Af¨šÍ‡i  evB‡i M cwiwa‡Z N †K‡›`ª
A B
 wb‡Pi wPÎwUi Av‡jv‡K 71 I 72 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
O
Dc‡ii wP‡Î ABC Gi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? A C

K mij‡KvY  mij‡Kv‡Yi A‡a©K

E F
M cÖe„× †KvY N Pvi mg‡KvY O

57. e„‡Ëi †h‡Kv‡bv R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y I †K‡›`ªi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk B D

R¨v‡qi mv‡_ Drcbœ †KvY n‡e−
ABC e„‡Ë, AB = CD, OE Ges OF h_vµ‡g AB I CD Gi
K 0 L 30  90 N 100
58. cÖ‡Z¨K e„‡Ëi ˆ`N©¨ e¨v‡mi KZ ¸Y? `~iZ¡ wb‡`©k K‡i|

71. OEA Gi gvb KZ?
K  M 2 N 3 K 60  90 M 45 N 30
2
59. 05 GKK e¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ëi e„nËg R¨v-Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ 72. OE = 3 cm Ges AE = 4 cm n‡j OC Gi gvb KZ?
K 25 cm  5 cm M 9 cm N 7 cm
GKK?  wb‡Pi wPÎwUi Av‡jv‡K 73 I 74 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
1 L2 M 34 N4
60. AB I CD †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi `ywU mgvb mgvb R¨v Ges OE I o
C D
OF †K›`ª n‡Z R¨v؇qi `~iZ¡ n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 5
 OE = OF L OE  OF M OE  OF N OE ⊥ OF 3
A P B
61. e„‡Ëi `ywU R¨v AB I CD Gi g‡a¨ AB †K‡›`ªi wbKUZi|
wb‡Pi †Kvb Dw³wU mwVK? 73. AB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK?
K 34 8 M 16 N 34
K AB = CD L AB + CD  AB  CD N AB  CD
62. e„˯’ PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ †KvY؇qi mgwó KZ? 74. CD Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK?
K2 L8  10 N 16
K 90 L 120  180 N 360
 wb‡Pi wPÎwUi Av‡jv‡K 75 I 76 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
63. i. e„‡Ëi mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x A
ii.e„‡Ë ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva© ¯úk©‡Ki Ici j¤^
Aa©e„˯’ †KvY `yB mg‡KvY
iii.
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M o
K iii  i I ii M i I iii N ii I iii
B
64. e„‡Ëi−
i. mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x 75. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB R¨v| OM ⊥ AB, myZivs−
ii. e„‡Ëi †h‡Kv‡bv R¨v Gi j¤^wØLÊK †K›`ªMvgx K AM = OA  AM = BM
M BM = OB N AM = OM
iii. †h‡Kv‡bv mij‡iLvq `yB‡qi AwaK †Q`we›`y _vK‡Z cv‡i bv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 76. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB R¨v| OM ⊥ AB, myZivs−
K OMA = OAM L OBM = OBM
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  290
 OMA = OMB N OMB = 180

¸iæZ¡c~Y© m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 1  O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë AB e¨vm bq Ggb GKwU R¨v|
cÖk- cÖgvY :
K. DÏxcK Abyhvqx wPÎ Gu‡K wPwýZ Ki| 2 avc h_v_©Zv
(1) †h‡nZz †K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ
L. OD ⊥ AB n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, D, AB R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y| 4 †h‡Kv‡bv R¨v Gi Ici Aw¼Z j¤^
M. AB R¨v‡qi mgvb K‡i Av‡iKwU R¨v A¼b K‡i R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i Ges OE ⊥ AB I
cÖgvb Ki †h, Dfq R¨v †K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x| 4 OF ⊥ CD.
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  myZivs AE = BE Ges CF = DF
1 1
K. C  AE = AB Ges CF = CD
2 2
(2) wKš‘ AB = CD [Kíbv]
O  AE = CF
 (3) GLb, OAE I OCF
mg‡KvYx wÎfzR؇qi g‡a¨ AwZfzR OA =
AwZfzR OC Ges AE = CF [DfqB GKB
A B
 OAE  OCF
e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
ABC e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O Ges AB e¨vm bq Ggb GKwU R¨v|
L. (4) OE = OF
O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë AB e¨vm bq wKš‘ OE I OF †K›`ª O †_‡K h_vµ‡g
AB R¨v I CD R¨v Gi `~iZ¡|
Ggb R¨v| GLb OD ⊥ AB n‡j o
 AB I CD R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O
cÖgvb Ki‡Z n‡e †h, D, AB R¨v‡qi n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x| (cÖgvwYZ)
ga¨we›`y| A D B

A¼b : O, A I O, B †hvM Kwi|

cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) OD ⊥ AB nIqvq ODA
= ODB = GK mg‡KvY|
(2) GLb, ODA I ODB
mg‡KvYx wÎfzR؇qi g‡a¨ AwZfzR
OA = AwZfzR OB [DfqB GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
Ges OD = OD [mvaviY evû]
 ODA  ODB
(3)  AD = BD
 D, AB R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y| (cÖgvwYZ)
M.
C
A

E O F

B D
wP‡Îi AB R¨v Gi mgvb K‡i CD Av‡iKwU R¨v A¼b Kiv
n‡jv| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB I CD R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª
O n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x|
A¼b : O, A I O, C †hvM Kwi| †K›`ª O n‡Z AB I CD Gi
Dci h_vµ‡g OE I OF j¤^ A¼b Kwi|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  291

A byk xj b g ~j K K v‡R i A v‡j v‡K m„R b kxj cÖk œ I mg vavb

œ 2  O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë AB e¨vm bq Ggb GKwU R¨v|
cÖk- L. †K›`ª O †_‡K AB R¨v Gi Ici OD j¤^|
K. OD ⊥ AB Ges OD = x, AD = y n‡j, e„‡Ëi cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OD †iLv AB R¨v †K D we›`y‡Z
e¨vmva© KZ? 2 mgwØLwÊZ K‡i, A_©vr AD = BD
C
L. †K›`ª O †_‡K OD ⊥ AB n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, OD,
AB R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| 4 o

M. hw` D³ e„‡Ëi Ab¨ GKwU R¨v CD nq Ges R¨vØq A B

D
†K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x nq Zvn‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, R¨v
A¼b : O, A Ges O, B †hvM Kwi|
AB = R¨v CD 4
cÖgvY :
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
K. (1) OD ⊥ AB [Kíbv]
C  ODA = ODB = GK mg‡KvY|
myZivs  ODA I  ODB DfqB
O
mg‡KvYx wÎfzR|
(2) GLb, mg‡KvYx ODA I
A D B
mg‡KvYx  ODB-G
†`Iqv Av‡Q, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë AB e¨vm wfbœ Ab¨
AwZfzR OA = AwZfzR OB [Df‡q GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
GKwU R¨v| OD ⊥ AB Ges OD = x, AD = y n‡j, AOD
Ges OD Dfq wÎfz‡Ri mvaviY evû
mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R
  ODA   ODB [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR-
OA2 = OD2 + AD2 [wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i]
evû me©mgZv Dccv`¨]
OA = x2 + y2 (3) AZGe, AD = BD
 e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = x2 + y2 GKK A_©vr OD †iLv AB R¨v-†K D
we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| (cÖgvwYZ)
M. cvV¨ eB Gi Dccv`¨ 3 †`L|

AwZwi³ m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

B
œ 3  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfzRwU AšÍwj©wLZ L.
cÖk-
C
i‡q‡Q|
K. DcwiD³ Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ e„ËwUi wPÎ AuvK| 2 O
D
L. †`LvI †h, e„ËwUi †K›`ª AwZfz‡Ri ga¨we›`y| 4
M. †`LvI †h, AwZfzRB e„ËwUi e„nËg R¨v| 4 A
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A¼b : O, C †hvM Kwi| AC evûi ga¨we›`y D wbB Ges O, D
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i wPÎwU wbgœiƒc : †hvM Kwi|
B cÖgvY :
C avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABC-G AB I AC evûi ga¨we›`y O I D
O
 OD ║ BC [wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB evûi


ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv

A Z…Zxq evûi mgvšÍivj|]
wP‡Î ACB = GK mg‡KvY| (2) GLb OD ║ BC Ges AC Zv‡`i †Q`K|
 ODA = ACB
wKš‘ ACB = GK mg‡KvY|
 ODA = GK mg‡KvY
A_©vr OD ⊥ AC
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  292
(3) OCD Ges OAD Gi g‡a¨ K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ wPÎwU wbgœiƒc :
CD = AD [D, AC Gi ga¨we›`y] M R
OD = OD [mvaviY evû]
Ges AšÍf©y³ ODC = AšÍf©y³ ODA S


myZivs OCD  OAD [evû-†KvY-evû Dccv`¨] N Q

 OC = OA O P
(4) Abyiƒcfv‡e, OB = OC L.
 OA = OB = OC [avc-3 †_‡K] M R
myZivs O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q Aw¼Z e„Ë
A, B I C we›`y w`‡q hv‡e| A_©vr mg‡KvYx ABC Gi D S
F
kxl©we›`yÎq w`‡q Aw¼Z e„‡Ëi †K›`ª AwZfzR AB Gi ga¨we›`y
O †Z Aew¯’Z| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) N Q
O E
M. P
B A¼b : S †_‡K MN, OP Ges QR R¨v Gi Ici h_vµ‡g
C SD, SE Ges SF j¤^ AuvwK| S, M; S, Q Ges S, O †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
D
O avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) SD ⊥ MN Ges SF ⊥ QR [†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ
A myZivs MD = ND †h‡Kv‡bv R¨v Gi Ici
cÖgvY : Ges RF = QF Aw¼Z j¤^ H R¨v‡K
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
(1) †h‡nZz e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O, AB Gi 1 1
ga¨we›`y| myZivs AB e¨vm Ges AC  MD = 2 MN Ges QF = 2 QR
e¨vmwfbœ †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU R¨v| (2) wKš‘ MN = QR [Kíbv]
 OA = OB = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©] 1 1
 2 MN = 2 QR
(2) GLb OAC-G
OA + OC  AC  MD = QF
ev, OA + OB  AC (3) GLb SMD Ges SQF
 AB  AC mg‡KvYx wÎfzR؇qi g‡a¨
†h‡nZz AB, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR| myZivs AwZfzR SM = AwZfzR SQ [Df‡qB GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
AwZfzRB cÖ`Ë e„‡Ëi e„nËg R¨v| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) Ges MD = QF [avc-2]
œ 4  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB I CD `yBwU mgvb R¨v|
cÖk- myZivs SMD  SQF
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K mswÿß eY©bvmn wPÎ AuvK| 2  SD = SF
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, †K›`ª O n‡Z AB Ges CD R¨vØq (4) Abyiƒcfv‡e, SD = SE
mg`~ieZ©x| 4 myZivs SD = SE = SF [avc-3 †_‡K]
M. e„‡Ëi mgvb R¨vØq ci¯úi‡K †Q` Ki‡j †`LvI †h, (5) wKš‘ SD, SE I SF †K›`ª
Zv‡`i GKwUi AskØq AciwUi Ask؇qi mgvb| 4 S †_‡K h_vµ‡g MN, OP I
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  QR R¨v Gi `~iZ¡
K. myZivs †K›`ª S †_‡K cÖ`Ë
A
C R¨vÎq mg`~ieZ©x| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
O
(M)
 M R

D F
B D S
†`Iqv Av‡Q, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges AB I CD e„‡Ëi `yBwU mgvb
R¨v| Q
N
L. m„Rbkxj 2 (M) mgvavb †`L|
O
M. Abykxjbx 81 Gi 7 bs mgvavb †`L| E P

œ 5  S †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë MN, OP Ges QR wZbwU mgvb R¨v|

cÖk- A¼b : MN, OP I QR R¨v·qi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g D, E I
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wPÎ AuvK| 2 F wbY©q Kwi| S, D; S, E Ges S, F †hvM Kwi|
L. †`LvI †h, †K›`ª S †_‡K wZbwU R¨v mg`~ieZ©x| 4 cÖgvY : avc h_v_©Zv
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, MN, OP Ges QR Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë| 4 (1) D, MN R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y|
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  SD ⊥ MN [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I †Kv‡bv R¨v-Gi
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  293
B
Z`ª~c SE ⊥ OP Ges ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H
SF ⊥ QR R¨v-Gi Ici j¤^] F O 

(2) †K›`ª S n‡Z MN, OP I QR [Kíbv] E

R¨v·qi j¤^ `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g SD A

SE I SF cÖgvY :
Ges MN = OP = QR avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
SD = SE = SF [ÔLÕ †_‡K] (1) AB e„‡Ëi e¨vm|
 AEB = GK mg‡KvY| [Aa©e„˯’ †KvY e‡j]
myZivs S †K †K›`ª K‡i SD ev SE Ges AFB = GK mg‡KvY| [GKB KviY]
ev SF Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q e„Ë (2) AEB Ges AFB-G
A¼b Ki‡j e„ËwU D, E I F we›`y AEB = AFB [mg‡KvY e‡j]
w`‡q hv‡e| BAE =ABF [GKvšÍi †KvY| KviY, AE  BF
AZGe, D, E I F mge„Ë| (cÖgvwYZ) Ges AB †Q`K]
Ges AB = AB [mvaviY evû]
œ 6  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB e¨vm Ges Gi A I B we›`y n‡Z
cÖk-  AEB  AFB
wecixZ w`‡K Aw¼Z AE I BF R¨vØq ci¯úi mgvšÍivj|  AE = BF (cÖgvwYZ)
K. Dc‡ii Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ mswÿß eY©bvmn wPÎ AuvK| 2
M. O †K›`ªwewkó AEBF GKwU e„Ë| Gi AE I BF mgvšÍivj
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AE = BF 4
R¨v؇qi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g M I N |
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, AE I BF `yBwU mgvšÍivj R¨v-Gi cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, MN †iLv †K›`ªMvgx Ges AE I BF
ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv †K›`ªMvgx Ges R¨v؇qi Ici j¤^|
R¨v؇qi Ici j¤^| 4 B
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  N
F O
K. B


E
M
O A
F 

E A¼b : O, N Ges O, M †hvM Kwi|

A cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
wP‡Î, AEBF e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O Ges AB e¨vm| AB e¨v‡mi (1) Rvbv Av‡Q, e„‡Ëi e¨vm wfbœ †Kv‡bv R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y Ges
cÖvšÍØq A I B n‡Z Gi wecixZ w`‡K Aw¼Z AE I BF †K‡›`ªi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H R¨v-Gi Ici j¤^| O e„‡Ëi
R¨vØq ci¯úi mgvšÍivj| †K›`ª Ges BF R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y N
L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AE = BF  ON ⊥ BF
A¼b : A, F Ges B, E †hvM Kwi| (2) Z`ªƒc, OM ⊥ AE A_©vr ON I OM, O we›`y n‡Z
h_vµ‡g BF I AE mgvšÍivj R¨v؇qi Ici j¤^| myZivs ON
Ges OM GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z| A_©vr MN, †iLv O
†K›`ªMvgx Ges AE I BF R¨v؇qi Ici j¤^| (cÖgvwYZ)

wbe©vwPZ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 7  O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë AB e¨vm bq Ggb GKwU R¨v|
cÖk- C
K. Dc‡ii Z_¨wUi mswÿß weeiYmn wPÎ AuvK| 2 O
L. D, AB R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, OD⊥AB 4
A
M. D³ e„‡Ëi AB I AC R¨v `ywU A we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i mv‡_ D B
mgvb †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, AB = AC 4 A¼b : O, A Ges O, B †hvM Kwi|
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
K. C
(1) OAD Ges OBD-G
O AD = BD [ D, AB Gi ga¨we›`y]
A B
OA = OB [ DfqB GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
Ges OD Dfq wÎfy‡Ri mvaviY evû|
ABC e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O Ges AB e¨vm bq Ggb GKwU R¨v|  OAD  OBD [ Dfq wÎfy‡Ri evûÎq ci¯úi mgvb]
L. D, AB R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y A_©vr, AD = BD Kv‡RB O, D Gi myZivs ODA = ODB
ms‡hvRK †iLvsk R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y Ges †K‡›`ªi ms‡hvRK (2) wKš‘ ODA Ges ODB †KvYØq
†iLvsk n‡e| ˆiwLK hyMj †KvY Ges Zv‡`i cwigvc
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OD †iLv AB R¨v-Gi Ici j¤^ A_©vr OD ⊥ AB mgvb|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  294
 ODA = ODB [GK mg‡KvY] (2) GLb, OAE Ges OCF
A_©vr OD ⊥ AB (cÖgvwYZ) mg‡KvYx wÎfzR؇qi g‡a¨ AwZfzR
M. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi AB I AC `yBwU R¨v| O, OA = AwZfzR OC [Df‡q GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
A †hvM Kiv n‡jv| AB I AC R¨v `yBwU A we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z Ges OE = OF [Kíbv]
e¨vmva© OA-Gi mv‡_ mgvb †KvY OAB I OAC Drcbœ K‡i  OAE  OCE [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri
A_©vr OAB = OAC cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB = AC  AE = CF AwZfzR-evû me©mgZv
A Dccv`¨]
1 1 [†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ
(3) AE = 2 AB Ges CF = 2 CD
†h‡Kv‡bv R¨v-Gi Ici
1 1 Aw¼Z j¤^ R¨v‡K
myZivs 2 AB = 2 CD
O mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
B C A_©vr, AB = CD (cÖgvwYZ)
A¼b : O, B Ges O, C †hvM Kwi| M. A
C

cÖgvY : O
F
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv E
(1) AOB-G OA = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j] B
D
(2) Avevi, AOC-G OA = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j] ABCD e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O I AB  CD, O †_‡K AB I CD Gi
 OCA = OAC Dc‡i h_vµ‡g OE I OF j¤^| Zvn‡j OE I OF †K›`ª †_‡K
(3) GLb, OAB = OAC [†`Iqv Av‡Q] h_vµ‡g AB I CD R¨v‡qi `~iZ¡ wb‡`©k K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z
 OBA = OCA
n‡e †h, AB, CD A‡cÿv †K‡›`ªi wbKUZi A_©vr OE  OF
GLb, AOB I AOC-Gi g‡a¨
OB = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j] A¼b : O, B Ges O, D †hvM Kwi|
OAB = OAC Ges OBA = OCA cÖgvY :
 AOB  AOC avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
myZivs AB = AC (cÖgvwYZ) (1) †h‡nZz OE ⊥ AB Ges OF ⊥ CD [mg‡KvY]
œ 8  O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU R¨v O †_‡K
cÖk- myZivs, OFD I OEB mg‡KvYx
mg`~ieZ©x| wÎfzR؇qi g‡a¨ wc_v‡Mviv‡mi
K. O †_‡K AB I CD Gi Ici h_vµ‡g OE Ges OF Dccv`¨ n‡Z cvB,
j¤^ n‡j e„ËwUi wPÎ AuvK I mswÿß weeiY `vI| 2 OD2 = OF2 + FD2 [(AwZfzR)2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AB = CD| 4 Ges OB2 = OE2 + BE2 = (f‚wg)2 + (j¤^)2]
M. hw` AB  CD nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, AB, CD (2) †h‡nZz OD = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
A‡cÿv †K‡›`ªi wbKUZi| 4  OD2 = OB2
 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   OF2 + FD2 = OE2 + BE2
ev, OF2 − OE2 = BE2 − FD2 (i)
K. F C
D 1 1 [†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ
(3) GLb, BE = 2AB Ges FD = 2CD
O †h‡Kv‡bv R¨v Gi
1 2 1 Ici Aw¼Z j¤^
A E B  BE2 = 2AB = 4AB2
( )
ABCD e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O Ges AB I CD `yBwU R¨v| AB I CD R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ
1 2 1
†K›`ª O †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x Ges O †_‡K AB I CD Gi Ici
h_vµ‡g OE I OF j¤^|
( )
Ges FD2 = 2 CD = 4 CD2 K‡i]
1
L. GLv‡b OE I OF †K›`ª †_‡K h_vµ‡g AB I CD R¨v‡qi  BE2 − FD2 = (AB2 − CD2) (ii)
4
`~iZ¡ wb‡`©k K‡i Ges OE = OF n‡j cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, (4) †h‡nZz AB  CD, †m‡nZz AB2  CD2
AB = CD  AB2 − CD2  O
A¼b : O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kwi|  BE2 − FD2  O [(ii) bs n‡Z]
cÖgvY :  OF2 − OE2  O [(i) bs n‡Z]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv ev, OF2  OE2
(1) †h‡nZz OE ⊥ AB Ges OF ⊥ CD [mg‡KvY] ev, OF  OE (cÖgvwYZ)
myZivs OEA = OFC = GK
mg‡KvY

m„R bkxj cÖk œe¨vsK DËimn

œ 9  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU R¨v †hLv‡b AB = CD, L. cÖgvY Ki †h, E, AB Gi ga¨we›`y|
cÖk- 4
O †_‡K AB I CD Gi j¤^ `~iZ¡ OE Ges OF| M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖgvY Ki OE = OF 4
K. DwjøwLZ Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ wPÎ AuvK| 2 DËi : L. Dccv`¨-1 Gi wecixZ Dccv‡`¨i Abyiƒc|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  295
M. Dccv`¨-3 Gi Abyiƒc| œ 13  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB I CD `yBwU R¨v|
cÖk-
œ 10  GKwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O Ges AB I CD `yBwU R¨v|
cÖk- K. R¨v Kx? 2
OE ⊥ AB OF ⊥ CD Ges OE = OF OA evûi ga¨we›`y P|
L. hw` AB R¨v e„‡Ëi †K›`ªMvgx nq Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h,
AB  CD| 4
K. Dc‡ii Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU AuvK| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AB = CD 4 M. OE ⊥ AB Ges OF ⊥ CD n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, OE  OF| 4
1
M. †`LvI †h, PE = AO œ 14 
4 cÖk-
2
P
œ 11  P †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU mgvb R¨v|
cÖk- O
Q

K. Dc‡ii Z_¨vbymv‡i P †K›`ªwewkó ABCD e„ËwU AuvK| 2 C

A
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, P †K›`ª n‡Z AB I CD R¨v-Øq mg`~ieZ©x| 4 D
M. AB ev CD Gi mgvb K‡i Aci GKwU R¨v A¼b K‡i cÖgvY K. e„‡Ëi R¨v Ges e¨v‡mi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki| 2
Ki †h, G‡`i ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë| 4 L. OD j¤^ n‡j, AD = CD cÖgvY Ki| 4
DËi : L. Dccv`¨ 2-Gi Abyiƒc; M. AC = PQ n‡j †`LvI †h, †K›`ª O †_‡K Zviv mg`~ieZ©x| 4
M. cÖk-
œ 8 Gi mgvav‡bi Abyiƒc| œ 15  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU mgvb R¨v| †K›`ª
cÖk-
œ 12  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB I CD R¨v؇qi `~iZ¡ †K›`ª
cÖk- O O †_‡K AB I CD Gi Dci Aw¼Z j¤^ h_vµ‡g OE I OF|
n‡Z h_vµ‡g OE Ges OF| K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i R¨vwgwZK wPÎwU AuvK| 2
K. Dch©y³ Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ O †K›`ªwewkó ABDC e„ËwUi wPÎ AuvK| 2 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, †K›`ª O †_‡K AB I CD R¨vØq mg`~ieZ©x| 4
L. AB = CD n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, OE = OF 4 M. cÖgvY Ki †h, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB, CD I EF wZbwU mgvb
M. AB  CD n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, OE  OF 4 R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë| 4
œ 16  e„‡Ëi cwiwai `yB we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk‡K R¨v
cÖk- ejv
nq| Avevi †Kv‡bv R¨v hw` †K›`ª w`‡q hvq Zv‡K ejv nq e¨vm|
K. e„‡Ëi e¨vm I e¨vm wfbœ R¨v Gi wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, e„‡Ëi mgvb R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë| 4
M. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB = AC R¨v-cÖgvY Ki †h,
BAO = CAO| 4

A b yk xj b x 8 .2

cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`

 e„ËPvc
e„‡Ëi †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU we›`yi ga¨eZ©x cwiwai Ask‡K Pvc e‡j| wP‡Î A I B `yBwU we›`yi gv‡S
e„‡Ëi Ask¸‡jv jÿ Kwi| †`Lv hvq, `yBwU As‡ki GKwU Ask †QvU, Ab¨wU Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e eo|
†QvU AskwU‡K DcPvc I eowU‡K AwaPvc ejv nq| e„‡Ëi `yBwU we›`y A I B e„ËwU‡K `yBwU Pv‡c
wef³ K‡i| Dfq Pv‡ci cÖvšÍwe›`y A I B Ges cÖvšÍwe›`y Qvov Pvc `yBwUi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv mvaviY
we›`y †bB|

 †KvY KZ…©K LwÊZ Pvc

GKwU †KvY †Kv‡bv e„‡Ë GKwU Pvc LwÊZ ev wQbœ K‡i ejv nq hw`
(1) PvcwUi cÖ‡Z¨K cÖvšÍwe›`y †KvYwUi evû‡Z Aew¯’Z nq,
(2) †KvYwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evû‡Z PvcwUi AšÍZ GKwU cÖvšÍwe›`y, Aew¯’Z nq Ges
(3) PvcwUi AšÍt¯’ cÖ‡Z¨KwU we›`y †KvYwUi Af¨šÍ‡i _v‡K| wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z †KvYwU O †Kw›`ªK
e„‡Ë APB Pvc LwÊZ K‡i|
 e„˯’ †KvY C

GKwU †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y n‡j Ges †KvYwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evû‡Z kxl©we›`y QvovI
O
e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y _vK‡j †KvYwU‡K GKwU e„˯’ †KvY ev e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY ejv nq| wP‡Î
†KvY¸‡jv e„˯’ †KvY| cÖ‡Z¨K e„˯’ †KvY e„‡Ë GKwU Pvc ˆZix K‡i| GB Pvc DcPvc, Aa©e„Ë B
A
A_ev AwaPvc n‡Z cv‡i| P
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  296
gšÍe¨ : e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv Pv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ GKwU †KvY n‡”Q †mB †KvY hvi kxl©we›`y H Pv‡ci GKwU
AšÍt¯’ we›`y Ges hvi GK GKwU evû H Pv‡ci GK GKwU cÖvšÍwe›`y w`‡q hvq| e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv
Pv‡c `Êvqgvb GKwU e„˯’ †KvY n‡”Q H Pv‡ci AbyeÜx Pv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ GKwU †KvY|
 †K›`ª¯’ †KvY
GKwU †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ª Aew¯’Z n‡j, †KvYwU‡K H e„‡Ëi GKwU †K›`ª¯’ O

†KvY ejv nq Ges †KvYwU e„‡Ë †h Pvc LwÊZ K‡i †mB Pv‡ci Ici Zv `Êvqgvb ejv nq| cv‡ki
wP‡Îi AOB †KvYwU GKwU †K›`ª¯’ †KvY Ges Zv APB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb| Aa©e„‡Ëi †ÿ‡Î A
P
B

†K›`ª¯’ †KvY BOC mij‡KvY Ges e„˯’ †KvY BAC mg‡KvY| A

O
B C
D

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

cÖkœ \ 1 \ O †K›`ªwewkó †Kv‡bv e„‡Ë ABCD GKwU AšÍwj©wLZ A
PZzf©yR| AC, BD KY©Øq E we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, C
E
AOB + COD = 2AEB O
mgvavb :
A B
B D
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ACBD e„‡Ë AB I CD R¨v
O E `ywU ci¯úi E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| A, D Ges B, C †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AED I BEC m`„k‡KvYx|
D C cÖgvY :
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges ABCD avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
PZzf©yRwU e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ| AC I BD KY©Øq E we›`y‡Z †Q` (1) BD Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z e„˯’
K‡i‡Q| A, O; B, O; C, O Ges D, O †hvM Kiv n‡jv| DAB I BCD
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOB + COD = 2 AEB myZivs, DAB = BCD [mgvb Pv‡ci Dci e„˯’
cÖgvY : †KvY¸‡jv mgvb]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv (2) Avevi, AC Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z
(1) AB Pv‡ci Ici Aew¯’Z †K›`ª¯’ e‡j ADC = ABC
AOB Ges e„˯’ ADB| (3) GLb, AED I BEC Gi
 AOB = 2ADB [†K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi DAE = BCE [BD Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z e‡j]
wظY (†`Iqv Av‡Q)] ADE = CBE [AC Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z e‡j]
(2) CD Pv‡ci Ici Aew¯’Z Ges AED = BEC [wecÖZxc †KvY e‡j]
†K›`ª¯’ COD Ges e„˯’ AZGe, AED I BEC m`„k‡KvYx| [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]
DAC| cÖkœ \ 3 \ O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë, ADB + BDC = GK mg‡KvY|
 COD = 2 DAC [GKB] cÖgvY Ki †h, A, O Ges C GK mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z|
(3) AOB + COD = 2 ADB + 2DAC mgvavb :
= 2(ADB + DAC) (i) [1 I 2bs n‡Z] D
(4) ADE-G ewnt¯’ AEB Ges
AšÍt¯’ wecixZ †KvY¸‡jv n‡jv,
EAD I EDA A
O
C
AZGe, AEB = EAD + EDA [wÎfy ‡ Ri ewnt¯’ †KvY
= DAC + ADB AšÍt¯’ wecixZ †KvY؇qi
mgwói mgvb] B
(5) mgxKiY (i) bs G DAC + ADB we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë,
=AEB ewm‡q cvB, AOB +
ADB + BDC = GK mg‡KvY|
COD = 2 AEB [cÖgvwYZ]
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, A, O Ges C GK mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z|
cÖkœ \ 2 \ ABCD e„‡Ë AB I CD R¨v `yBwU ci¯úi E we›`y‡Z †Q` A¼b : A, O; C, O Ges B, O †hvM Kwi|
K‡i‡Q| †`LvI †h, AED I BEC m`„k‡KvYx| cÖgvY :
mgvavb : avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  297
(1) AB Pv‡ci Ici †K›`ª¯’ AOB Ges e„˯’ A
B
ADB |
myZivs AOB = 2ADB  (i) [†K›`ª¯’ †KvY
e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi wظY] O
(2) Avevi, BC Pv‡ci Ici †K›`ª¯’ D C
BOC Ges e„˯’ BDC
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU e„Ë Ges O Zvi †K›`ª|
 BOC = 2BDC  (ii) [GKB] ABCD GKwU e„˯’ UªvwcwRqvg| Gi AB  CD Ges AD I BC
(3) mgxKiY (i) Ges (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB, `yBwU wZh©K evû| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, BC = AD
AOB + BOC = 2 ADB + 2 BDC A¼b : A, O; B, O; C, O; D, O Ges B I D †hvM Kwi|
ev, AOC = 2(ADB + BDC) cÖgvY :
= 2ADC avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
ADC = Aa©e„˯’‡KvY (1) BC Pv‡ci Ici †K›`ª¯’ BOC Ges
= 2  GK mg‡KvY
e„˯’ BDC
= 2 mg‡KvY = GK mij‡KvY A_©vr 180 myZivs, BOC = 2BDC  (i) [†K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„˯’
AZGe, A, O Ges C GK mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z| [cÖgvwYZ] †Kv‡Yi wظY]
cÖkœ \ 4 \ AB I CD `yBwU R¨v e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i E we›`y‡Z †Q` (2) Avevi, AD Pv‡ci Dci †K›`ª¯’ AOD
K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki †h, AC I BD PvcØq †K‡›`ª †h `yBwU †KvY Ges e„˯’ ABD
Drcbœ K‡i, Zv‡`i mgwó AEC Gi wظY|  AOD = 2 ABD  (ii) [ GKB ]
mgvavb : (3) wKšÍz AB  CD Ges BD †Q`K nIqvq
C
ABD = BDC [GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j]
ev, 2ABD = 2BDC
 BOC = AOD
O  Pvc BC = Pvc AD [mgvb mgvb Pvc
A E
B †K‡›`ª mgvb †KvY Drcbœ K‡i]
D [mgvb mgvb R¨v e„‡Ë
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ADBC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges AB I CD mgvb Pvc wQbœ K‡i|]
`yBwU R¨v e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| AC I BD AZGe BC = AD| [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]
PvcØq †K‡›`ª AOC I BOD Drcbœ K‡i‡Q| cÖkœ \ 6 \ AB I AC †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v Ges P I Q h_vµ‡g
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOC + BOD = 2 AEC Zv‡`i Øviv wQbœ DcPvc `yBwUi ga¨we›`y| PQ R¨v AB I AC R¨v‡K
A¼b : B, C †hvM Kwi| h_vµ‡g D I E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| †`LvI †h, AD = AE
cÖgvY : mgvavb :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv A

(1) AC Pv‡ci Ici †K›`ª¯’ AOC Ges

P
e„˯’ ABC D E
Q
[†K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„˯’ O
myZivs AOC = 2ABC (i)
†Kv‡Yi wظY] C
(2) Avevi, BD Pv‡ci Ici †K›`ª¯’ BOD B

Ges e„˯’ BCD we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges AB I AC `ywU
 BOD = 2BCD (ii) [GKB] R¨v| P I Q h_vµ‡g AB I AC Øviv wQbœ DcPvc `yBwUi ga¨we›`y|
(3) mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB, PQ R¨v AB I AC R¨v‡K h_vµ‡g D I E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
AZGe, AOC + BOD = †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, AD = AE
2(ABC + BCD) A¼b : A I P Ges P I C †hvM Kwi|
(4) GLb, BCE Gi ewnt¯’ cÖgvY :
AEC = (BCE + CBE)
AšÍt¯’ wecixZ †KvY؇qi avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
[wÎfy‡Ri ewnt¯’ †KvY
mgwó (1) P ga¨we›`y nIqvq Pvc
AšÍt¯’ wecixZ †KvY؇qi
ev, AEC = BCD + ABC mgwói mgvb] Pvc AP = Pvc PB
(5) AZGe, AOC + BOD =  ACP = PAB [mgvb mgvb Pv‡ci Dci
2AEC [cÖgvwYZ] Aew¯’Z e‡j]
cÖkœ \ 5 \ †`LvI †h, e„˯’ UªvwcwRqv‡gi wZh©K evûØq ci¯úi mgvb| (2) Avevi Q ga¨we›`y nIqvq
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, e„˯’ UªvwcwRqv‡gi Pvc AQ = Pvc CQ
wZh©K evûØq ci¯úi mgvb|  CPQ = APQ [ mgvb mgvb Pv‡ci
Dci Aew¯’Z e‡j]
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  298
myZivs ACP + CPQ = PAB + APQ [AšÍt¯’ wecixZ
(3) wKšÍz, PCE G †KvY؇qi mgwó]
ewnt¯’ AEP = ECP + EPC [AšÍt¯’ wecixZ ev, ADE = PAB + APQ
†KvY؇qi mgwó] = ACP + CPQ
ev, AED = ACP + CPQ myZivs AED = ADE
(4) Avevi, PAD-G ewnt¯’ ADQ (5) ADE G ADE = AED nIqvq
= PAD + APD AD = AE [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]|

¸iæZ¡c~Y© enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

1. Aa©e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ?
K 60 L 75  90 N 120 6. AwZfzR I OM †iLvs‡ki ˆ`‡N©¨i AšÍi KZ?
2. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AwaPv‡c AšÍwb©wnZ †KvbwU? K 0†[Link]. L 1 †[Link].
 m~²‡KvY L mg‡KvY M ¯’~j‡KvY N cÖe„× †KvY  2†[Link]. N 4 †[Link].
3. 7. PON Ges MPN Gi AšÍi KZ?
A  150 L 120
M 90 N 60
O

C B

BOC Gi gvb KZ?

K 30 L 60 M 90  120
4.
A

O
D
B
C
Dc‡ii wP‡Î−
i. BOD = 2 BAD
ii. COD = OAC + OCA
1
iii. BAC = BOC
2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
5. wPÎ Abyhvqx BOC mgvb n‡jv−
A D

B
C
i. 2BAC ii. BAC + BDC
1
iii. (BAC + BDC)
2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I iii  i I ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 6 I 7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M

60
N P
O 2cm
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  299

AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

K Pvc L DcPvc M AwaPvc  AbyeÜx Pvc
82 : e„ËPvc 19. cÖ‡Z¨K †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„‡Ë KqwU DcPvc LwÊZ K‡i? (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  GK L `yB M wZb N Pvi
20. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv Pv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ GKwU †KvY n‡”Q †mB †KvY
8. e„‡Ëi †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU we›`yi g‡a¨ cwiwai Ask‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
 Pvc L AwaPvc M DcPvc N R¨v
hvi kxl©we›`y H Pv‡ci GKwU− (mnR)
K ewn¯’ we›`y  AšÍt¯’ we›`y
9. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë, ACB wPwýZ AskwU‡K Kx ejv nq? (ga¨g)
C M mge„Ë we›`y N cÖvšÍwe›`y
21. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv Pv‡c `Êvqgvb GKwU e„˯’ †KvY n‡”Q H Pv‡ci
O
AbyeÜx Pv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ KqwU †KvY? (mnR)
 GK L `yB M wZb N Pvi
B 22. GKwU †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ª Aew¯’Z n‡j
A
†KvbwU‡K H e„‡Ëi Kx e‡j? (mnR)
K Pvc L DcPvc  AwaPvc N cwiwa
 †K›`ª¯’ †KvY L e„˯’ †KvY
10. ABC e„‡Ëi AB DcPvc I ACB AwaPv‡ci g‡a¨ mvaviY
M AšÍt¯’ †KvY N ewnt¯’ †KvY
we›`y KqwU? (ga¨g)
K1 2 M3 N4 23. e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi
11. e„‡Ëi Ici Aew¯’Z `yBwU we›`y A I B n‡j e„ËwU‡K KqwU KZ Ask? (mnR)
Pv‡c wef³ K‡i? (ga¨g) K mgvb L A‡a©K  wظY N Pvi¸Y
K4 L3 2 N1 24. e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„˯’ †KvY †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi
12. r †mwg e¨vmva© wewkó ABC e„‡Ëi AwaPvc ACB Gi ˆ`‡N©¨i KZ Ask? (mnR)
Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨? (ga¨g)
 A‡a©K L mgvb M wظY N wZb¸Y
r r
 ACB > r L ACB < r M ACB < N ACB = 25. wb‡Pi †Kvb †Rvov e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici ci¯úi-ci¯ú‡ii
2 2
13. O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi cwiwa S wgUvi Ges AOB = e„˯’ I †K›`ª¯’ †KvY? (mnR)
90 n‡j AB Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? (mnR) K 30 I 45 L 45 I 60
S S S S M 30 I 90  45 I 90
K L  N
2 3 4 6 26. GKwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª¯’ †KvY x + 80 Ges e„˯’ †KvY x + 10,
14. 05 GKK e¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ëi e„nËg Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK? (mnR) x Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
 31416 L 24142 M 1 4142 N 05416
e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi e„nËg Pvc n‡jv H e„‡Ëi cwiwa| K 50  60 M 70 N 80
†h‡nZz e¨vmva©, r = 05 GKK;  e„‡Ëi cwiwa 2r = 2  05 = 31416 e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi wظY|
0 0
15. GKwU †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y n‡j Ges x + 80 = 2(x + 10
†KvYwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evû‡Z kxl©we›`y QvovI e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y ev, 2x + 200 = x + 800 ev, 2x − x = 800 − 200  x = 600
_vK‡j †KvYwU‡K Kx ejv nq? (mnR) 27. †Kv‡bv e„˯’ †KvY 45 n‡j †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi cwigvc n‡e Ñ (mnR)
K AšÍt¯’ †KvY  e„˯’ †KvY M ewnt¯’ †KvY 1 1
K 22  90 M 135 N 112
N †K›`ª¯’ †KvY 2 2
16. cÖ‡Z¨K e„˯’ †KvY e„‡Ë KqwU Pvc LwÊZ K‡i? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : †K›`ª¯’ †KvY = 2  e„˯’ †KvY = 2  45 = 90
 GK L `yB M wZb N Pvi 28. BAD I BED e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb `yBwU
17. wP‡Î AOB Kx ai‡bi †KvY? (ga¨g) e„˯’ †KvY n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
A K BAD = 2BED L BED = 2BAD
1
M BAD = BED  BAD = BED
P O 2
e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„˯’ †KvY¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb|
B 29. GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb PviwU e„˯’ †KvY A, B, C
†K›`ª¯’ †KvY L e„˯’ †KvY I D| B = 30 n‡j C = KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
M ewnt¯’ †KvY N AšÍt¯’ †KvY  30 L 60 M 120 N 150
18. wP‡Î, APB I ACB G‡K Ac‡ii Kx? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb mKj e„˯’ †KvY ci¯úi mgvb|
C  A = B = C = D = 30
30. Aa©e„˯’ †KvY KZ? (mnR)
 90 L 110 M 120 N 180
O 31. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë EF e¨vm n‡j EAF Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)

A B
P
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  300
A
P Q


O
E 
O F
R
PQR AwaPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ PQR †KvYwU wKiƒc? (mnR)
K 30 L 45 M 60  90 K mg‡KvY L ¯’~j‡KvY  m~²‡KvY N mij‡KvY
e¨vL¨v : EAF = Aa©e„˯’ †KvY = GK mg‡KvY|
32. GKwU Aa©e„‡Ëi e¨vm Øviv Drcbœ †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K 60 L 90  180 N 360 42. wb‡Pi wP‡Î O †K›`ª, BD Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„˯’
33. PQRS e„‡Ëi PQ Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb PRQ = 45 n‡j BAD Ges BCD n‡jÑ
PSQ = KZ wWwMÖ? †hLv‡b, R I S we›`y PQ Gi GKB A C
cv‡k Aew¯’Z| (ga¨g)
K 225  45 M 90 N 180 O
e¨vL¨v : GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„˯’ †KvY¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb|
34. B D
C i. BOD = 2BAD ii. BOD = 2BCD
iii. BAD = BCD
O
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
Ki L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
A B 43. wPÎvbymv‡i−
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë, cÖe„× AOB = 6x Ges ACB = x
P
n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
K 30  45 M 60 N 90
A B
e¨vL¨v : AOB = 2ACB = 2x 
360
 6x + 2x = 360  x = = 45
8
35. Q
i. AQB GKwU AwaPvc
x+10 ii. APB GKwU DcPvc
iii. APB I AQB GKwU‡K AciwUi AbyeÜx Pvc ejv nq
x+80 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
wP‡Î, x Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K 30 L 50  60 N 80 44. ADBC e„‡Ë O †K›`ª| ACB Aa©e„˯’ †KvY| C, O †hvM
e¨vL¨v : x + 80 = 2(x + 10) ev, x + 80 = 2x + 20 K‡i E ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kiv n‡j−
ev, 2x − x = 80 − 20 ev, x = 60 C
36. ACB Aa©e„˯’ †KvY| ABC = 45 n‡j BAC Gi cwigvYÑ
 45 L 60 M 70 N 90
37. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AwaPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY Kx? (mnR) A
O
B
K mg‡KvY L ¯’~j‡KvY  m~²‡KvY N mij‡KvY
38. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi DcPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY Kx? (mnR) E
K mg‡KvY  ¯’~j‡KvY M m~²‡KvY N mij‡KvY D
39. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e¨v‡mi Ici `Êvqgvb Aa©e„˯’ †KvYwU wKiƒc? (mnR) i. AOE = ACO ii. ACB = GK mg‡KvY
 mg‡KvY L mij‡KvY M m~²‡KvY N cÖe„× †KvY iii. AOB = 2ACB
40. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
A B
45. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :

O i. GKB Pv‡ci Ici Aew¯’Z †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi
wظY
ii. Pvc †K‡›`ª †h †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e‡j
P
GLv‡b AwaPvc APB Gi Ici `Êvqgvb AOB Kxiƒc iii. Pvc cwiwa‡Z †h †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K e„˯’ ev
†KvY? (mnR) cwiwa¯’ †KvY e‡j
K mij‡KvY L mg‡KvY M m~²‡KvY  cÖe„× †KvY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
41. K i L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
46. e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb−
i. e„˯’ †KvY †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi A‡a©K
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  301
e„˯’ †KvY¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb
ii. iii.†Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AwaPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY m~²‡KvY
Aa©e„˯’ †KvY `yB mg‡KvY
iii. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
47. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi−
P  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 50 − 52 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
B


O A C
A B O
C
i. APB m~²‡KvY n‡j, ACB DcPvc n‡e 50. ABC Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ S GKK n‡j e„ËwUi cwiwa KZ GKK? (mnR)
ii. APB mg‡KvY n‡j, ACP AwaPvc n‡e S
K 4S  2S MS N
iii. APB I ACB ci¯úi AbyeÜx Pvc 2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 51. OB = 3 †[Link]. n‡j AC = KZ †[Link].? (ga¨g)
K2 L4 6 N8
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
52. ABC Gi cwigvY KZ? (mnR)
48.
K 45 L 60  90 N 180
e¨vL¨v : ABC = Aa©e„˯’ †KvY = 90
O
  wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 53 I 54 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A C
P Q
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi−
i. POQ GKwU †K›`ª¯’ †KvY O

ii. POQ Gi DcPvc PQ B D

iii. POQ = 180 n‡j †K›`ª¯’ †KvYwU Aa©e„‡Ëi Dci 53. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
`Êvqgvb 1
 BAD = BOD
1
L BAD = BOD
2 2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 1
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii M BCD = BOD N  BAD = 2OBD
2
49. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 54. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
i. wÎfz‡Ri ewnt¯’ †KvY AšÍt¯’ wecixZ †KvY؇qi mgwói K OBD = BCD L ODB = BAD
mgvb  BAD = BCD N  BAD = 2OBD
ii. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi DcPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY ¯’~j‡KvY

55.
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
55. Aa©e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi cwigvc KZ? 61. GKwU e„‡Ëi e„˯’ †KvY (2x + 10) Ges †K›`ª¯’ †KvY (x +
K 180 L 360  90 N 120 110)0 n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ wWwMÖ?
56. A
 30 L 45 M 60 N 90
62. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K PQ I PR n‡j, PQR Kx
O ai‡bi wÎfzR?
B C
K mg‡KvYx L mgevû  mgwØevû N welgevû
D 63. e„‡Ëi AšÍwj©wLZ mgevû wÎfz‡Ri GKwU evû ewa©Z Ki‡j †h
Dc‡ii O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi cwigvc KZ? ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ nq Zvi cwigvY KZ?
K 90  180 M 260c N 360 K 60 L 90  120 N 180
57. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë D we›`y AB R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y n‡j, 64. cÖ‡Z¨K e„˯’ †KvY e„‡Ë KqwU Pvc LwÊZ K‡i?
ODB = KZ? 1 L2 M3 N4
65. C
K 30 L 45 M 60  90
58. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ACB e„˯’ †KvY n‡j, AOB = KZ?
K 90 L 45 M 120  180 A B
O
59. Aa©e„Ë A‡cÿv †QvU Pvc‡K Kx e‡j?
K mgPvc L AwaPvc  DcPvc N AmgPvc Dc‡ii wP‡Î O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë ACB Aa©e„˯’
60. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv Pvc Øviv Drcbœ †K›`ª¯’ †KvY H e„ËPv‡ci− †KvY ABC = 30 n‡j BAC = KZ?
K mgvb  mgvbycvwZK M e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK N K 45  60 M 30 N 75
eM©g~j 66.
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  302
C O †K›`ªwewkó ABC GKwU e„Ë| AC Zvi e¨vm Ges AC = 6
†[Link].|
O B 72. ABC = KZ?
 90 L 180 M 150 N 170
A 73. AO + BO = KZ?
1 K 3 †[Link].  6 †[Link]. M 9 †[Link]. N 12 †[Link].
K AOB = ACB L AOB = ACB
2  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 74 I 75 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M 2AOB = ACB  AOB = 2ACB C
67. Aa©e„˯’ wÎfz‡Ri m~²‡KvY؇qi GKwU AciwUi wظY n‡j
¶z`ªZg †KvYwUi cwigvY KZ? O

 30 L 60 M 90 N 120 A B

68. ACB I CBO GKB e„Ëvskw¯’Z †KvY| CBO = 50
n‡j ACB = KZ? O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB n‡jv e¨vm Ges AC I BC Gi ˆ`N©¨
K 45 L 50  40 N 90 h_vµ‡g 3 †[Link]. I 4 †[Link].|
69. 74. ACB Gi gvb KZ?
O
K 450 L 60  90 N 120
75. AB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †[Link].?
5 L7 M9 N 11
A D B
wP‡Î OD = 6 †[Link]., BD = 8 †[Link]. n‡j AO = KZ  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 76 − B78 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
†[Link].?
 10 L 11 M 12 N 13
70. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi BC Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ BOC Ges A O C
e„n¯’ BAC n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
1
K BOC = BAC L BOC =
2
BAC 76. ABC Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ S GKK n‡j e„ËwUi cwiwa KZ GKK?
S
 BOC = 2BAC N 2BOC = BAC K 4S  2S MS N
2
71. i. e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„˯’ †KvY¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb
77. OB = 2 †[Link]. n‡j AC = KZ †[Link].?
ii. Aa©e„˯’ †KvY GK mg‡KvY
K1 L2 4 N 4
iii. Aa©e„‡Ëi †ÿ‡Î †K›`ª¯’ †KvY GK mij‡KvY 78. ABC Gi cwigvc KZ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K 40 L 60  90 N 180
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 72 I 73 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
B

A O C

¸iæZ¡c~Y© m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 1  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU mgvb R¨v| O †_‡K
cÖk-
AB I CD Gi Dci h_vµ‡g OP Ges OQ j¤^| O

K. D‡jøwLZ Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ wPÎ AuvK? 2

L. cÖgvY Ki †h, P, AB Gi ga¨we›`y| 4 A P B

M. cÖgvY Ki †h, OP = OQ. 4 g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB e¨vm bq Ggb GKwU R¨v|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, P, AB R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y|
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A¼b : O, A I O, B †hvM Kwi|
K. cÖgvY
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD C Q D avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
`yBwU mgvb R¨v| O †_‡K AB I CD R¨v O (1) OP ⊥ AB nIqvq
Gi Dci h_vµ‡g OP I OQ j¤^| OPA =  OPB GK mg‡KvY|
 OPA I  OPB mg‡KvYx
A P B

L. (2) GLb, OPA I OPB mg‡KvYx [Df‡qB GKB e„‡Ëi

wÎfzR؇qi g‡a¨, e¨vmva©]
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  303
AwZfzR OA = AwZfzR OB L. O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges EF I GH e„‡Ëi `yBwU mgvb R¨v| cÖgvY
Ges OP = OP [mvaviY evû] Ki‡Z n‡e †h, O †_‡K EF Ges GH R¨vØq mg`~ieZ©x|
 OPA  OPA E G

(3) AP = BP
 P, AB R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y|(cÖgvwYZ) O
M.
F H
Q D
C wPÎ-1
O A¼b : O †_‡K EF Ges GH R¨v Gi Dci h_vµ‡g OC Ges
OD j¤^ AuvwK| O, E Ges O, G †hvM Kwi|
A
P B cÖgvY :
g‡b Kwi, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges AB I CD e„‡Ëi `yBwU mgvb R¨v| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
cÖgvb Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OP = OQ (1) OC ⊥ EF I OD ⊥ GH [†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ †h‡Kv‡bv
A¼b : O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kwi| myZivs, EC = BC Ges GD = DH R¨v Gi Dci Aw¼Z
cÖgvY 1
 EC = EF Ges GD = GH j¤^ R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv 2
(1) OP ⊥ AB I OQ ⊥ CD [†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ (2) wKš‘ EF = GH
†h‡Kv‡bv R¨v Gi Dci  EC = GD
myZivs, AP = BP Ges CQ = DQ
Aw¼Z j¤^ R¨v‡K (3) GLb, OEC Ges OGD mg‡KvYx wÎfzR؇qi g‡a¨
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i] AwZfzR OE = AwZfzR OG
1 Ges EC = GD
 AP = BP Ges C = CD.
2
 OEC  OGD
(2) wKš‘ AB = CD  OC = OD
 AP = CQ [Kíbv] (4) wKš‘ OC Ges OD †K›`ª O †_‡K h_vµ‡g EF R¨v Ges
(3) GLb OAP Ges OCQ [Df‡q GKB e„‡Ëi
GH R¨v Gi `~iZ¡|
e¨vmva©]
mg‡KvYx wÎfzR؇qi g‡a¨ AwZfzR myZivs, EF Ges GH R¨vØq e„‡Ëi †K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x|
OA = AwZfzR OC Ges AP = CQ M. Abykxjbx 8.1 Gi 11bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb †`L|
 OAP  OCQ [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri
AwZfzR-evû me©mgZv œ 3
cÖk-
Dccv`¨]
P
 OP = OQ (cÖgvwYZ)
œ 2
cÖk- N
E G P 6m D

S M 8m Q

O
M
O
N K. e„ËwUi e¨vmva© wbY©q Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, MQ = QD| 4
F H Q R
M. MD DcPv‡ci Dci `Êvqgvb e„˯’‡KvY I †K›`ª¯’
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2
R¨v EF = R¨v GH R¨v PQ > R¨v SR Ges OM ⊥ PQ, ON ⊥ SR †KvYwUi g‡a¨ m¤úK©wU wj‡L Zv cÖgvY Ki| 4
K. wPÎmn e„˯’ I †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi msÁv †jL| 2
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
L. wPÎ -1 Gi Av‡jv‡K cÖgvY Ki †h, †K›`ª O †_‡K K wP‡Î, MQN mg‡KvYx wÎfzR,
R¨v ؇qi `~iZ¡ mgvb| 4  MN2 = MQ2 + NQ2 = (8)2 + (6)2 = 64 + 36 = 100
M. wPÎ-2 Gi Av‡jv‡K cÖgvY Ki †h, OM < ON 4  MN = 10 †m. wg. (Ans.)
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L
K. e„˯’ †KvY : GKwU †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y †Kv‡bv C P
e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y n‡j Ges †KvYwUi cÖ‡Z¨K
evû‡Z kxl©we›`y QvovI e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y O
N
_vK‡j †KvYwU‡K GKwU e„˯’ †KvY ev e„‡Ë 6m D
AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY ejv nq| wP‡Î ACB A B
M 8m Q
e„˯’ †KvY| P

†K›`ª¯’ †KvY : GKwU †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y we‡kl wbe©Pb : PMD e„‡Ë MD e¨vmwfbœ R¨v| e„‡Ëi †K›`ª N
†Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ª Aew¯’Z n‡j, O †_‡K MD Gi Dci NQ j¤^| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, MQ =
†KvYwU‡K H e„‡Ëi GKwU †K›`ª¯’ †KvY ejv QD|
nq| wP‡Îi AOB †KvYwU GKwU †K›`ª¯’ A B cÖgvY :
†KvY| P avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) MQN I NQD
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  304
MN = ND [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva] cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, MND = 2 MPD.
NMQ = NDQ A¼b : P we›`y w`‡q †K›`ª N Mvgx †iLvsk PE AuvwK|
(2) NQ mvaviY evû [mgvb mgvb evûi wecixZ †KvYØq I cÖgvY :
 MQN  NQD. ci¯úi mgvb] avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
 MQ = QD. (cÖgvwYZ) (1) MPE Gi ewn:¯’ †KvY [ewn:¯’ †KvY AšÍ:¯’ wecixZ
M MNE = MPN + PMN †KvY؇qi mgwói mgvY]
P (2) PNM−G NM = NP [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva]
NPM = NMP
(3) avc (1) I (2) †_‡K MNE = 2 MPN
N
(4) GKBfv‡e, PDN †_‡K DNE = 2 DPN
(5) avc (3) I (4) †_‡K
E D MNE + DNE = 2 MPN + 2 DPN
M
K, MND = 2 (MPN + DPN)
we‡kl : PMD e„‡Ë MD DcPv‡ci Dci `Êvqgvb e„˯’ †KvY
K, MND = 2 MPD (cÖgvwYZ)|
MPD Ges †K›`ª¯’ †KvY MND.

A byk xj b g ~j K K v‡R i A v‡j v‡K m„R b kxj cÖk œ I mg vavb

œ 4  O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi AC †K›`ªMvgx|
cÖk- 1
 AOD = ABD [ e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici
2
K. mswÿß weeiYmn cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wPÎ AuvK| 2 `Êvqgvb e„˯’ †KvY †K›`ª¯’
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi A‡a©K]
†KvY e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi wظY| 4 A_©vr, AOD = 2ABD (i)
M. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB I CD R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi Abyiƒ‡c †`Lv‡bv hvq †h,
Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y wgwjZ BOC = 2BDC (ii)
(2) (i) bs I (ii) bs †hvM K‡i cvB,
n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki †h, AOD + BOC = `yB AOD + BOC = 2ABD + 2BDC
mg‡KvY| 4 ev, AOD + BOC = 2(ABD + BDC)
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, AOD + BOC = 2(EBD + EDB) (iii)
(3) GLb, EBD-Gi
K. EBD +EDB =1 mg‡KvY(iv) [KviY AB ⊥ CD e‡j
A
BED = GK mg‡KvY]
(4) (iv) bs Gi gvb (iii) bs-G ewm‡q cvB,
 O AOD + BOC = 2  1 mg‡KvY
 AOD + BOC = `yB mg‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ)
B
C œ 5  O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD e„‡Ëi AB e¨vm hv ACB †Kv‡Yi
cÖk-
wP‡Î, O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„Ë ABC Gi AC R¨v e„‡Ëi †K›`ª wecixZ evû|
O w`‡q hvq| K. mswÿß weeiYmn cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wPÎ AuvK| 2
L. cvV¨ eB c„ôv 136 Dccv`¨-4 †`L| L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ACB GK mg‡KvY| 4
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi DcPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ
M. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB I CD R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i †KvY ¯’~j‡KvY| 4
Aew¯’Z E we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| A, O Ges D, O
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
†hvM Kivq AOD Drcbœ nq| Avevi O, C Ges O, B †hvM
Kivq BOC Drcbœ nq| K.
C
C D

O A A
O
E
A B
D
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOD + BOC = `yB mg‡KvY| g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB GKwU e¨vm| C e„‡Ëi Ici
A¼b : B, D †hvM Kwi| Aew¯’Z †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y| A, C Ges B, C †hvM Ki‡j ACB
cÖgvY : cvIqv hvq| msÁvbyhvqx, ACB GKwU Aa©e„˯’ †KvY|
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ACB = GK mg‡KvY|
(1) GKB Pvc AD-Gi Ici `Êvqgvb A¼b : cÖgv‡Yi myweavi Rb¨ AB e¨v‡mi †h cv‡k¦© C we›`y
†K›`ª¯’ AOD Ges e„˯’ ABD Aew¯’Z Zvi wecixZ cv‡k¦© D †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y wbB|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  305
C B
A

A  B D 
C
O O

D g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi ABC DcPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ

cÖgvY : AOB GKwU mij‡iLv| ABC| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABC GKwU ¯’~j‡KvY|
 AOB = GK mij‡KvY = `yB mg‡KvY| A¼b : CD e¨vm AuvwK| B, D †hvM Kwi|
GLb, ADB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ AOB Ges e„˯’ ACB cÖgvY :
wKš‘, Avgiv Rvwb, e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„˯’ avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
†KvY †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi A‡a©K| (1) O †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ë CD e¨vm
1
 ACB = 2AOB  CBD = GK mg‡KvY [Aa©e„˯’ †KvY GK mg‡KvY]
(2) ABC = ABD + CBD
1
ev, ACB = 2  2 mg‡KvY [ AOB = `yB mg‡KvY]
ev, ABC = ABD + GK mg‡KvY
 ACB = GK mg‡KvY (cÖgvwYZ)  ABC  GK mg‡KvY [(1) †_‡K]
M. A_©vr ABC ¯’~j‡KvY
myZivs, DcPv‡c Aew¯’Z ABC GKwU ¯’~j‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ)

AwZwi³ m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 6  GKwU e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU R¨v, AB R¨v CD R¨v-Gi
cÖk- 2(ADC + BAD) †KvY e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi
Ici j¤^| AC I BD PvcØq †K‡›`ª h_vµ‡g AOC I BOD (3) GLb ADE mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R wظY]
AED = GK mg‡KvY|
†KvY Drcbœ K‡i‡Q|
myZivs EAD + ADE = [Kíbv]
K. Z_¨vbyhvqx wPÎwU A¼b Ki| 2 GK mg‡KvY [wÎfz‡Ri wZb
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AOC + BOD = `yB mg‡KvY| 4 ev, BAD + ADC = GK mg‡KvY †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB
M. †`LvI †h, AOC + BOD = 2AEC 4 (4) AZGe, AOC + BOD = 2  GK mg‡KvY]
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  mg‡KvY = 2 mg‡KvY (cÖgvwYZ)
M. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ACBD e„‡Ë AB I CD R¨v `yBwU
K. Z_¨vbyhvqx wPÎwU wbgœiƒc :
e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|
A
AC I BD PvcØq †K‡›`ª h_vµ‡g AOC I BOD †KvY
Drcbœ K‡i‡Q|
O
†`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, AOC + BOD = 2AEC
C
A¼b : O, A; O, B; O, C; O, D Ges A, D †hvM Kwi|
E
cÖgvY :
D B avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) AC Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb
L. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ACBD e„‡Ë R¨v AB ⊥ CD E,
†K›`ª¯’ AOC Ges e„˯’
AB I CD R¨v-Gi †Q`we›`y| AC I BD PvcØq †K‡›`ª
ADC myZivs AOC = [GKB Pv‡ci Ici
h_vµ‡g AOC I BOD Drcbœ K‡i‡Q| 2ADC `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOC + BOD = `yB mg‡KvY| Avevi, BD Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi wظY]
A¼b : A I D †hvM Kwi| †K›`ª ¯’ BOD Ges e„ ˯’ [GKB Pv‡ci Ici
BAD| myZivs , BOD = `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
2BAD e„ Ë ¯’ †Kv‡Yi wظY]
AZGe, AOC + BOD =
(1) AC Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ 2(ADC + BAD)
AOC Ges e„˯’ ADC (2) GLb ADE-Gi ewnt¯’ †KvY [†hvM K‡i]
myZivs AOC = 2ADC [GKB Pv‡ci Ici AEC [ewnt¯’ †KvY AšÍt¯’
(2) Avevi, BD Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’  AEC = ADE + DAE
wecixZ †KvY؇qi
`Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ BOD Ges †KvY e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi ev, AEC = ADC + BAD
mgwói mgvb]
e„˯’ BAD wظY] AZGe, AOC + BOD =
myZivs BOD = 2BAD [GKB Pv‡ci Ici 2AEC (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
GLb, AOC + BOD = `Êvqgvb †K›`ª ¯’
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  306
œ 7  O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD e„‡Ëi AB e¨vm hv ACB †Kv‡Yi
cÖk-  8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
wecixZ evû|
K. e„‡Ëi †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU we›`yi g‡a¨i cwiwai Ask‡K Pvc e‡j|
K. mswÿß weeiYmn Dc‡ii Z_¨vewji wPÎ AuvK| 2 wP‡Î A I B `yBwU we›`yi gv‡S e„‡Ëi Ask¸‡jv jÿ Kwi| †`Lv
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, Aa©e„˯’ †KvY GK mg‡KvY| 4 hvq, `yBwU As‡ki GKwU †QvU, Ab¨wU Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e eo|
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AwaPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †QvU AskwU‡K DcPvc Ges eowU‡K AwaPvc e‡j|
†KvY m~²‡KvY Ges DcPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY R AwaPvc
¯’~j‡KvY| 4
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 

K. m„Rbkxj 5 (K) mgvavb †`L| A B

A B
L. m„Rbkxj 5 (L) mgvavb †`L| DcPvc
M. L.
A
A L

D O P
  

B O
B C M N
C
E F g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi BC Pvc Ges P
g‡b Kwi, O †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi BAC PvcwU GKwU AwaPvc Ges †K›`ªwewkó LMN e„‡Ëi MN Pvc mgvb|
BEF PvcwU DcPvc| A, B; A, C; B, E Ges E, F †hvM Kwi| g‡b Kwi, BC I MN Pvc `yBwUi Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BAC GKwU m~²‡KvY Ges BEF †KvYØq h_vµ‡g BOC I MPN Ges e„˯’ †KvYØq
GKwU ¯’~j‡KvY| h_vµ‡g BAC I MLN †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, (i) BOC =
A¼b : BD e¨vm AuvwK| A, D Ges E, D †hvM Kwi| MPN Ges (ii) BAC = MLN|
cÖgvY : avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv (1) †h‡nZz, Pvc BC = Pvc MN [msÁvbymv‡i]
(1) O †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ë BD e¨vm| myZivs, e„Ë `yBwUi e¨vmva© mgvb Ges [msÁvbymv‡i]
 BAD GKwU Aa©e„˯’ †KvY| Pvc `yBwUi cwigvcI mgvb|
 BAD = GK mg‡KvY| [ÔLÕ Gi cÖgvY Abymv‡i] wKš‘ BC Pv‡ci cwigvc = †K›`ª¯’
(2) BED = GK mg‡KvY| [GKB] BOC-Gi cwigvc| Ges MN Pv‡ci
(3) GLb, A I C we›`y BD †iLvs‡ki cwigvc = †K›`ª¯’ MPN-Gi
wecixZ cv‡k¦© Aew¯’Z| cwigvc| myZivs BOC-Gi cwigvc
 BAC < BAD = MPN-Gi cwigvc(i)
 BAC < GK mg‡KvY  BOC = MPN (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
 BAC GKwU m~²‡KvY| 1
(2) Avevi, BAC = 2BOC Ges [†Kv‡bv Pv‡ci Ici
(4) Avevi, B I E we›`y BD †iLvs‡ki
GKB cv‡k Aew¯’Z| 1
MLN = MPN
`Êvqgvb e„˯’ †KvY
 BEF > BED 2 †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi
 BEF > GK mg‡KvY| myZivs, BAC = MLN A‡a©K]
 BEF GKwU ¯’~j‡KvY| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
(5) myZivs AwaPv‡c Aew¯’Z BAC GKwU M.
m~²‡KvY Ges DcPv‡c Aew¯’Z BEF A L
GKwU ¯’~j‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ)
O P
œ 8
cÖk-  

A L B C M N
O P g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC Ges P †K›`ªwewkó LMN e„Ë `yBwU mgvb|
 
g‡b Kwi, BC I MN Pvc؇qi Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvYØq
B C M N h_vµ‡g BOC I MPN Ges e„˯’ †KvYØq h_vµ‡g
K. DcPvc I AwaPvc Kx? 2 BAC I MLN
L. †`LvI †h, mgvb mgvb e„ËPv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †hLv‡b, BOC = MPN (i)
†K›`ª¯’ ev e„˯’ †KvY¸‡jv mgvb| 4 A_ev, BAC = MLN (ii)
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, mgvb mgvb e„‡Ë †hme Pv‡ci Ici cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, Pvc BC = Pvc MN
`Êvqgvb e„˯’ ev †K›`ª¯’ †KvY¸‡jv mgvb, †mme cÖgvY :
†KvY¸‡jvi Pvc mgvb| 4 avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  307
(1) BAC = 12 BOC Ges MLN
1
= 2 MPN [†Kv‡bv Pv‡ci
(2) AZGe, hw` (ii) mZ¨ nq, Ici `Êvqgvb
A_©vr BAC = MLN e„˯’ †KvY
1 1 †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi
Z‡e, 2 BOC = 2 MPN
A‡a©K]
A_©vr BOC = MPN
A_©vr, (i) mZ¨ nq|
(3) myZivs Dfq‡ÿ‡Î BOC = MPN [msÁvbymv‡i]
A_©vr BOC-Gi cwigvc
= MPN Gi cwigvc|
 BC Pv‡ci cwigvc = MN Pv‡ci
cwigvc| [e„Ë `yBwU mgvb]
myZivs Pvc BC = Pvc MN (cÖgvwYZ)

wbe©vwPZ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 9  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë OR Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb QPR
cÖk- (2) POQ G OP = OQ mgwói mgvb]
e„˯’ †KvY Ges QOR †K›`ª¯’ †KvY| AZGe, QPO = PQO [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
K. e„˯’ I †K›`ª¯’ †KvY Kv‡K e‡j? 2 (3) avc (1) I (2) †_‡K
1
QOD = 2QPO [mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg
L. †`LvI †h, QPR = 2 QOR 4 (4) GKBfv‡e POR †_‡K msjMœ †KvY `yBwU mgvb]
M. hw` e„‡Ëi cwiwa‡Z M GKwU we›`y nq Z‡e †`LvI ROD = 2RPO
†h, P I M we›`y‡Z Drcbœ †KvY ci¯úi mgvb| 4 (5) avc (3) I (4) †_‡K QOD [†hvM K‡i]
+ ROD = 2QPO +
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  2RPO
K. e„˯’ †KvY : †h †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y ev, QOR = 2QPR
1
Ges †KvYwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evû‡Z kxl©we›`y QvovI e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y A_©vr QPR = 2QOR (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
_v‡K †m †KvYwU‡K e„˯’ †KvY ejv nq| M. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó PQR e„‡Ë QR Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb
†K›`ª¯’ †KvY : †h †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ª QPR e„˯’ †KvY Ges QOR †K›`ª¯’ †KvY| e„‡Ëi
Aew¯’Z, †m †KvYwU‡K H e„‡Ëi †K›`ª¯’ †KvY ejv nq| cwiwa‡Z M GKwU we›`y| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, QPR = QMR
L. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó PQR GKwU e„Ë Ges Zvi GKB P M
DcPvc QR Gi Ici `Êvqgvb e„˯’ QPR Ges †K›`ª¯’
1
QOR| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, QPR = 2 QOR
O
P Q R
A¼b : O, Q Ges O, R †hvM Kwi|
O
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
Q D R
(1) GLv‡b QR Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb
A¼b : g‡b Kwi, PR †iLvsk †K›`ªMvgx bq| G‡ÿ‡Î P we›`y †K›`ª¯’ †KvY QOR|
w`‡q †K›`ªMvgx †iLvsk PD AuvwK| myZivs QOR = 2QPR [L-n‡Z cÖvß]
cÖgvY : Ges QOR = 2QMR
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv  2QPR = 2QMR
(1) POQ Gi ewnt¯’ †KvY ev, QPR = QMR
QOD = QPO + PQO [ewnt¯’ †KvY AšÍt¯’ myZivs P we›`y‡Z I M we›`y‡Z Drcbœ
wecixZ †KvY؇qi †KvY ci¯úi mgvb|
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

m„R bkxj cÖk œe¨vsK DËimn

 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  308
œ 10  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB I AC `yBwU R¨v Ges P I Q
cÖk- œ 12 
cÖk-
h_vµ‡g Zv‡`i Øviv wQbœ DcPvc `yBwUi ga¨we›`y| PQ R¨v AB I D
AC R¨v‡K h_vµ‡g D I E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
K. e„ËwUi wPÎ AuvK| 2 O
A C
L. †`LvI †h, AD = AE 4


1
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, BAC = 2  BOC 4 B
DËi : L. Abykxjbxi 82 Gi cÖkœ-6 Gi mgvav‡bi Abyiƒc| K. Dc‡ii wPÎ †_‡K R¨v¸‡jvi bvg †jL| 2
M. Dccv`¨ 4 Gi Abyiƒc| L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ADC = GK mg‡KvY| 4
œ 11 
cÖk- M. cÖgvY Ki †h, A, O I C GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z| 4
P S DËi : K. AC, AD, BD I CD;
L. Dccv`¨-6 Gi Abyiƒc; M. Abykxjbxi cÖkœ-3 Gi mgvav‡bi

Abyiƒc|
O
R œ 13  O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD GKwU e„Ë|
cÖk-
Q
K. D³ e„‡Ëi AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©yRwU AuvK hvi AC I BD
K. Dc‡ii wPÎ †_‡K †K›`ª¯’ I e„˯’ †KvY¸‡jv †jL| 2 KY©Øq E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q Ges mswÿß eY©bv `vI| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, QOR = 2QPR 4 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AOB + COD = 2AEB 4
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, QPR = QSR 4 M. D³ e„‡Ë ADB = BDC + GK mg‡KvY n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h,
DËi : K. †K›`ª¯’ QOR, e„˯’ QPS, QSR, PQS I A, O Ges C GK mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z| 4
PRS; DËi : (K) Abykxjbxi-82 Gi 1 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvav‡bi
L. Dccv`¨-4 Gi Abyiƒc; M. Dccv`¨-5 Gi Abyiƒc|
Abyiƒc| L. Abykxjbx-82 Gi 3 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvav‡bi
Abyiƒc|

A b yk xj b x 8 .3
cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`
 e„˯’ PZzf©yR  DCP = BAD [Dfqcÿ n‡Z BCD ev`
e„Ëxq PZzf©yR ev e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©yR n‡jv Ggb PZzf©yR (cÖgvwYZ) w`‡q]
hvi PviwU kxl©we›`y e„‡Ëi Dci Aew¯’Z| Abywm×všÍÑ2| e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ mvgvšÍwiK GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ|
Abywm×všÍÑ1| e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri GKwU evû ewa©Z Ki‡j mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ
†h ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ nq Zv wecixZ AšÍt¯’ †Kv‡Yi mgvb| mvgvšÍwiK GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ|
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri GKwU evû we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, mvgvšÍwiK PQRS e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ|
ewa©Z Ki‡j †h ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ nq Zv wecixZ AšÍt¯’ †Kv‡Yi cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PQRS GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ|
mgvb|
P Q
A
D
S R

B C P

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri BC

evû‡K P ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kivq ewnt¯’ DCP Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, DCP = BAD
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABCD PZzf©y‡R BAD +
BCD = `yB mg‡KvY [e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri
wecixZ †KvY؇qi mgwó `yB
mg‡KvY]
(2) BCD + DCP = `yB mg‡KvY [`yBwU m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi
mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
(3) DCP + BCD = BAD + BCD [1 bs I 2bs [1bs In‡Z]
2bs n‡Z]
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  309
cÖgvY : ev, 2R = `yB mg‡KvY
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv ev, R = GK mg‡KvY
(1) PQRS mvgvšÍwi‡K P = R [mvgvšÍwi‡Ki  P = R = GK mg‡KvY [1bs n‡Z]
wecixZ †KvYØq Z`ªƒc Q = S = GK mg‡KvY|
ci¯úi mgvb] (4) PQRS mvgvšÍwiKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ| [†h mvgvšÍwi‡Ki
(2) P + R = `yB mg‡KvY| [e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri cÖwZwU
wecixZ †KvY؇qi mgwó (cÖgvwYZ) †KvY mg‡KvY
`yB mg‡KvY] Zv AvqZ‡ÿÎ]
(3) R + R = `yB mg‡KvY [1bs I 2bs n‡Z]

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

cÖkœ \ 1 \ ABC G B I C Gi mgwØLÊKØq P we›`y‡Z Ges 1
Ges QCB = 2 (A + B)
ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, B, P, C, Q we›`y
1
PviwU mge„Ë| myZivs, BQC + 2 (A + C) +
mgvavb : 1
A (A + B) = 180 [(ii) bs n‡Z]
2
P 1 1
B C
ev, BQC + 2 (180) + 2 A = 180
1
E ev, BQC + 90 + 2 A = 180
F
1
 BQC = 180 − 90 − A
2
Q 1
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC G B I C Gi mgwØLÊKØq = 90 − A (iii)
2
P we›`y‡Z Ges ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z (5) GLb mgxKiY (i) I (iii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
n‡e †h, B, P, C, Q we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 1
cÖgvY : BPC + BQC = 90 +
2
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv 1
(1) ABC G A + B + C = 180 [wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi A + 90 − A = 180
2
mgwó `yB mg‡KvY] (6) BPCQ PZzfz©‡Ri P + Q =
(2) Avevi, BPC-G 180 nIqvq B, P, C,Q we›`y PviwU
BPC + PBC + PCB = 180 [GKB] mge„Ë| [cÖgvwYZ]
1 1 1
ev, BPC + 2 B + 2 C = 180 [ PBC = 2 B Ges cÖkœ \ 2 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, e„˯’ PZzfz©‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv †Kv‡Yi
1 mgwØLÊK I Zvi wecixZ †Kv‡Yi ewnwØ©LÊK e„‡Ëi Ic‡i †Q`
PCB = C]
2 K‡i|
1
ev, BPC = 180 − 2 (B + C) mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, e„˯’ PZzfz©‡Ri
1 1 †h‡Kv‡bv †Kv‡Yi mgwØLÊK I Zvi wecixZ †Kv‡Yi ewnwØ©LÊK
= 180 − (A + B + C)+ A e„‡Ëi Ic‡i †Q` K‡i|
2 2
1 1 D
= 180 − (180) + A
2 2 C
1
= 180 − 90 + A
2 E
1 F A B
= 90 + A (i)
2 we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD e„˯’ PZzfz©R| Gi C-Gi
(3) BQC-G, mgwØLÊK CE Ges C Gi wecixZ A Gi ewnwØ©LÊK AE
BQC + QBC + QCB = 180  (ii) ci¯úi E we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
[wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, E we›`y e„˯’|
mgwó `yB mg‡KvY] cÖgvY :
1
(4) wKšÍz QBC = 2 CBE Ges QCB = 2 BCF
1 avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABCD e„˯’ PZzfz©R nIqvq, BAD
1
ev, QBC = 2 (A +C) [BQ, CBE Gi + BCD = 2 mg‡KvY [ e„˯’ PZzf©y‡Ri
wecixZ †KvY؇qi
mgwØLÊK] (2) wKšÍz F, A, B GKB mij‡iLv mgwó 2 mg‡KvY ]
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  310
nIqvq 1
 Q = 90 + D = 90 + C
1
FAD + BAD = GK mij‡KvY [ˆiwLK hyMj †KvY] 2 2
(6) AB Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z e„˯’ [4 I 5 bs n‡Z]
= 2 mg‡KvY
C = e„˯’ D
(3) myZivs BAD + BCD = FAD  P = Q
+ BAD [Dfq c¶ n‡Z mgvb †h‡nZz AB e„‡Ëi Pvc Ges AB Gi Dci
ev, BCD = FAD BAD ev` P I Q Aew¯’Z|
1 1
ev, 2 BCD = 2 FAD w`‡q]  A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| [cÖgvwYZ]
cÖkœ \ 4 \ O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB I CDR¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi
ev, ECB = EAD [ EAD = ECB] Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z †Kvb we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki
(4) GLb, EAD + BAD + ECB
†h, AOD + BOC = `yB mg‡KvY|
= BAD + ECB + ECB
ev, EAB + ECB = BAD + 2 ECB mgvavb :
= BAD + BCD = 2 mg‡KvY
EAB I ECB wecixZ †KvY
nIqvq ABCE PZzfz©RwU e„˯’|
 E we›`y e„˯’| [cÖgvwYZ]
cÖkœ \ 3 \ ABCD GKwU e„Ë| CAB I CBA Gi mgwØLÊK we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ACBD e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges AB I CD
`yBwU P we›`y‡Z Ges DBA I DAB †KvY؇qi mgwØLÊK `yBwU R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i E we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| O,
Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU A; O, C; O, B Ges O, D †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
mge„Ë| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOD + BOC = `yB mg‡KvY|
mgvavb : A¼b : B, D †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) AD Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z †K›`ª¯’
AOD Ges e„˯’ ABD
myZivs AOD = 2 ABD [GKB Pv‡ci Dci
`Ûvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY
e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi wظY]
(2) Avevi, BC Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z
we‡kl wbe©vPb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU e„Ë| CAB I CBA †K›`ª¯’ BOC Ges e„˯’ BDC
Gi mgwØLÊK `yBwU P we›`y‡Z Ges DBA I DAB †KvY؇qi  BOC = 2BDC [GKB]
mgwØLÊK `yBwU Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| (3)  AOD + BOC = 2 ABD + 2 BDC
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| = 2 (ABD + BDC)
(4) wKšÍz BED mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R,
cÖgvY : BED = GK mg‡KvY nIqvq,
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv EBD + EDB = GK mg‡KvY
(1) ABC-G CAB + CBA + C = 180 [wÎfy‡Ri wZb ev, ABD + BDC = GK mg‡KvY
(2) AP mgwØLÊK nIqvq, CAB = 2PAB †Kv‡Yi mgwó AZGe, AOD + BOC
Ges BP mgwØLÊK nIqvq, `yB mg‡KvY] = 2  GK mg‡KvY = 2 mg‡KvY [cÖgvwYZ]
CBA = 2 PBA
cÖ k œ \ 5 \ mgvb mgvb f‚wgi Dci Aew¯’Z †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU wÎfz‡Ri
wkit‡KvYØq m¤ú~iK n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, Zv‡`i cwie„ËØq mgvb n‡e|
(3) myZivs, 2 PAB + 2 PBA + C = 180 mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : mgvb mgvb f‚wgi Ici Aew¯’Z
ev, 2(PAB + PBA) + C = 180 †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU wÎfz‡Ri wkit‡KvYØq m¤ú~iK n‡j, cÖgvY Ki‡Z
(4) wKšÍz APB-G PAB + PBA n‡e †h, Zv‡`i cwie„ËØq mgvb n‡e|
A
= 180 − P D

AZGe, 2(180 − P) + C = 180 B C

1
ev, 180 − P + 2 C = 90
Q
P
1 E F
ev, 180 − 90 + 2 C = P
H R
1
 P = 90 + C we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC I DEF `ywUi f‚wg BC = EF|
2
(5) ABD G BAD + ABD + D = 180 [ AQ I BQ wkit‡KvYØq h_vµ‡g A I D Ges A + D = 2 mg‡KvY
ev, 2BAQ + 2ABQ + D = 180 h_vµ‡g A n‡j, cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, wÎfzR؇qi cwie„ËØq mgvb|
ev, 2 (180 − Q) + D = 180 I B Gi
mgwØLÊK] cÖgvY :
1
ev, 180 − Q + 2 D = 90 avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
1
ev, 180 − 90 + 2 D = Q
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  311
(1) P †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë BHC Pv‡ci Dci cÖkœ \ 6 \ ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØq ci¯úi m¤ú~iK| AC
Aew¯’Z †K›`ª¯’ cÖe„w× BPC Ges †iLv hw` BAD Gi mgwØLÊK nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, BC = CD
e„˯’ BAC ev A mgvavb :
 BPC = 2A [†K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi D

wظY]
(2) Avevi, Q †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ERF A C
Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z †K›`ª¯’ EQF
Ges e„˯’ D B
 EQF = 2 D [GKB] we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD PZzfz©RwUi wecixZ †KvYØq
(3) myZivs, BPC + EQF ci¯úi m¤ú~iK| AC †iLv, BAD Gi mgwØLÊK| cÖgvY Ki‡Z
= 2 A + 2 D
= 2 (A + D)
n‡e †h, BC = CD
= 2  2 mg‡KvY cÖgvY :
= 4 mg‡KvY| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
†K‡›`ª Drcbœ †Kv‡Yi cwigvc 4 (1) ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØq [PZzf©y‡Ri `yB wecixZ
mg‡KvY Ges BC = EF nIqvq BC m¤ú~iK nIqvq ABCD PZzf©RwU e„˯’| †KvY m¤ú~iK n‡j Gi
Øviv wQbœ DcPvc = EF Øviv wQbœ AC, BAD Gi mgwØLÊK| kxl©we›`y PviwU mge„Ë]
DcPvc myZivs CAD = CAB
A_©vr, BAC DcPvc = ERF DcPvc (2) GLb, CD Pv‡ci Ici Aew¯’Z
Ges, BHC AwaPvc = EDF AwaPvc| e„˯’ CAD Ges BC Pv‡ci [e„˯’ †KvY mgvb]
(4) AZGe, BAC Pvc + BHC Pvc = ERF Ici Aew¯’Z e„˯’ CAB
Pvc + EDF Pvc †h‡nZz, CAB = CAD
ev, ABC Gi cwie„Ë = DEF Gi cwie„Ë| [cÖgvwYZ] myZivs Pvc BC = Pvc CD
A_©vr, BC = CD [cÖgvwYZ]

¸iæZ¡c~Y© enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

1. 4. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri A = 60 Gi wecixZ
D C C = KZ?
110
K 60 L 90 M 110  120

A B
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 5 I 6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A B
wP‡Î ABC = KZ wWMÖx? O
5 wg.
 70 L 80 M 90 N 110
2. D P4 wg. C
A
50 D O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi ABCD GKwU PZzf©yR|
5. OPC wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi?
K 30 L 20
B C M 12  6
wP‡Î BCD Gi gvb KZ? 6. ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K 25 L 40 M 50  130  ABC + ADC = 180 L ABO + BDC = 80
3. e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y‡Z KqwU ¯úk©K AuvKv m¤¢e? M ODP + OCP = 180 N BAD + BCD = 130
 1wU L 2wU M 3wU N AmsL¨

AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

7. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU wecixZ †Kv‡Yi
83 : e„˯’ PZzfyR
© mgwó KZ? (mnR)
K 90  180 M 270 N 360
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 8. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri GKwU evû ewa©Z Ki‡j †h ewnt¯’
†KvY Drcbœ nq Zv wecixZ AšÍt¯’ †Kv‡Yi Kxiƒc? (mnR)
 mgvb L A‡a©K M Amgvb N wظY
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  312
9. O†K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD mvgvšÍwiKwU wb‡Pi O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD e„˯’ PZzf©y‡R AD = DC n‡j,
†KvbwU? (mnR) CAD = KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
 AvqZ L eM© M i¤^m N UªvwcwRqvg K 40  45 M 50 N 55
10. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri A = 90, Gi wecixZ
C = ? (mnR) enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K 60  90 M 120 N 180 18. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
11. GKwU e„˯’ PZzf©y‡Ri evB‡ii PviwU e„Ëvswkw¯’Z †Kv‡Yi
i. e„‡Ë Aew¯’Z PZzf©y‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU wecixZ †Kv‡Yi
mgwó wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 180  360 M 130 N 270
mgwó `yB mg‡KvY
12. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri A = 60 Gi wecixZ ii. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ mvgvšÍwiK GKwU i¤^m
C = KZ wWwMÖ? (mnR) iii. †Kv‡bv PZzf©y‡Ri `yBwU wecixZ †KvY m¤ú~iK n‡j Zvi
K 60 L 90  120 N 180 kxl©we›`y PviwU mge„Ë nq
e¨vL¨v : AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©y‡R, A + C = 180 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
 C = 180 − 60 = 120 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
13. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD GKwU PZzf©yR| ABC +
ADC mgvb KZ? (mnR) 19. ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri `yBwU wecixZ †KvY m¤ú~iK n‡j−
D i. A, B, C, D we›`y PviwU mge„Ë
ii. ABCD e„Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©yR
O
A 
C iii. ABC + ADC = 180
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
B K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K 90 L 120  180 N 360 20. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD PZzfz©R n‡jÑ
14. C
D
B x
A
D
O O


O y
A
B C
i. cÖe„× BOD = 2x ii. ¯’~j BOD = 2y
†K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ n‡j, e„ËwU
O iii. x + y = 180
Kxiƒc? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ki L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K AšÍe„Ë  cwie„Ë M ewne„©Ë N Awae„Ë
21. wPÎwU j¶ Ki :
15. O †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi A we›`y‡Z PAQ ¯úk©K Ges ADC + ABC D

= 180 n‡j, PAC I QAC ci¯úi Kx †KvY? (ga¨g)

O
C A
O C

D B B

P Q i. AOC = 2ADC ii. DCB = 2BAD

A
iii. ABC + ADC = 180
K c~iK  m¤ú~iK M cÖe„× †KvY N mg‡KvY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
16. K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
R S
T
22. wPÎwU j¶ Ki :
D
85

P Q O
A 
C
wP‡Îi RPQ = KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
K 5 L 45 M 75  85
e¨vL¨v : RSQ + QST = 180 B
 RSQ = 180 − 85 = 95 i. AOC = 2ABC ii. AOC = 2ADC
RSQ + RPQ = 180  RPQ = 180 − 95 = 85 iii. AOC = `yB mg‡KvY
17. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
D K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
C
23. wP‡Î ABCD e„˯’ PZzf©y‡RiÑ
O

30 E
A B
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  313
28. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë, ABCD GKwU PZzf©yR| myZivs, BAD
D C + BCD mgvb KZ? (ga¨g)

K 60 L 90 M 120  180
A B e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ë AšÍ©wj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri `yBwU wecixZ †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB
mg‡KvY|
i. GKwU †KvY ¯’~j‡KvY n‡j, wecixZ †KvYwU m~²‡KvY n‡e 29. Ic‡ii Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
ii. BAD = 45 n‡j, BCD = 45  BCD  BED L BCD  BED
iii. ABC + ADC = 180 M BCD ≤ BED N BCD = BED
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 30. O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD GKwU e„˯’ PZzf©yR| Gi C we›`y hw` E
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii we›`yi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq, Zvn‡j ABED we›`y PviwU Kx n‡e? (ga¨g)
24. K mvgvšÍwiK L i¤^m  mge„Ë N AvqZ‡ÿÎ
A D
E  wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 31 − 33 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
D C

O
O
O
GKK
B C 3

O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ n‡j− A B

i. ABC + ADC = 180 ABCD PZzf©yR O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ †hLv‡b
ii. CDE Gi ewn:¯’ ADC  wecixZ AšÍ:¯’ AEC ABC + ADC = BAD + BCD|
iii. A, B, C I E we›`y PviwU mge„Ë 31. OC Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) 3 L4 M5 N6
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii e¨vL¨v : OA I OC GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©|
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  OA = OC = 3 GKK|
32. ABC + ADC = KZ wWwMÖ? (mnR)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 25 − 27 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 90 L 110 M 150  180
D 33. BAC = 55 n‡j DAC = KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
C K 30  35 M 45 N 65
r q t
s e¨vL¨v : Aa©e„˯’ e‡j, BAC + DAC = 90 DAC = 90 −
p O
BAC = 90 − 55 = 35
A B
 wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 34 − 36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD e„‡Ë p = 35 D
25. q Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
E
K 80  70 M 60 N 50 95
e¨vL¨v : GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi wظY|
26. s Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) A 45
C
K 65  55 M 45 N 40
27. t Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
K 55 L 105 M 420  145 B
e¨vL¨v : ABCD e„˯’ PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ `yB †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY| wP‡Î, ABCE e„˯’ PZzf©yR|
 t = 180 − 35 = 145 34. ABC Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 28 − 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 105  95 M 85 N 75
A D 35. CED Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
O
K 105 L 95  85 N 75
36. CAE Gi gvb KZ?


(ga¨g)
K 45  40 M 35 N 30
B
C
E

wbe©vwPZ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

37.
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  314
I ii I iii I iii I iii
A
D Ki Li M ii  i, ii
D
B
A O 
C

C E B
Ic‡ii wP‡Î ABCD e„˯’ PZzf©y‡R A = 110 n‡j, Dc‡ii wP‡Î O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD GKwU e„˯’
ECD = KZ?
PZzf©yR|
 110 L 80 M 70 N 60
38. Dc‡ii wPÎwUi wfwˇZ 45 I 46 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A D
E
F

B C

Ic‡ii Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ CDE Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?

K 45  90 M 180 N 270
39. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU wecixZ †Kv‡Yi
mgwó KZ?
K GK mg‡KvY  GK mij‡KvY
M c~iK †KvY N m~²‡KvY
40.
A

O
B C
D
BOC = 150 n‡j, BAC Gi gvb KZ?
K 65  75 M 80 N 100
41. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ë GKwU PZzf©yR AšÍwj©wLZ n‡j e„ËwU‡K Kx e‡j?
K AšÍe©Ë „  cwie„Ë M ewnte„Ë N mge„Ë
42. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri A = 60 Gi wecixZ
C = KZ?
K 60 L 90  120 N 180
43.
A S D

P O R

B Q C

Dc‡ii wP‡Î−
i. ABCD e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©yR
ii. AP = AS
iii. AOD + BOC = 180
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
44.
C

A  B
O

O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë−
i. ACB = Aa©e„˯’ †KvY
ii. BAC + ABC = ACB
iii. BAC + ABC = GK mg‡KvY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  315
45. wP‡Î ABC = 75 n‡j ADC = KZ wWwMÖ? 46. BAD + BCD = KZ wWwMÖ?
K 90 L 100 K 90 L 120
 105 N 75  180 N 360

¸iæZ¡c~Y© m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 1  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB, CD I EF wZbwU mgvb R¨v|
cÖk- M cÖgvY :
N I P h_vµ‡g R¨v·qi ga¨we›`y| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ wPÎwU A¼b Ki| 2 (1) †h‡nZz M, AB Gi ga¨we›`y
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, OM = ON 4 Ges OM †K›`ªMvgx †iLvsk|
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, M, N I P we›`y wZbwU mge„Ë| 4  OM, AB Gi Dci j¤^| [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I e¨vm wfbœ
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  †Kv‡bv R¨v Gi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H R¨v Gi Dci j¤^]
(2) OP, CD Gi Dci j¤^| [GKB KviY]
K cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ wb‡P wPÎwU AuvKv n‡jv : (3) ON, EF Gi Dci j¤^| [GKB KviY]
F
(4) OM = OP = ON [e„‡Ëi mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x]
M
A B myZivs O †K †K›`ª K‡i OM A_ev ON A_ev OP Gi mgvb
P
O e¨vmva© wb‡q e„Ë A¼b Ki‡j M, N I P we›`y w`‡q hv‡e|
E
N AZGe, M, N I P mge„Ë| (cÖgvwYZ)
C D
œ 2  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë PM I PN R¨v †K›`ªMvgx bq|
cÖk-
wP‡Î AECDBF e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O. e„ËwUi e¨vm wfbœ wZbwU R¨v K. Dc‡ii Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU A¼b Ki| 2
AB, CD I EF Gi ga¨we›`y M, N I P. 1
L. †`LvI †h, MPN = 2 MON. 4
L N
D C M. hw` PMQN PZzfz©RwU e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ nq Z‡e cÖgvY
O Ki †h, MQN + MPN = 180 4
A B
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
M
K. Dc‡ii Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi wPÎwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv :
we‡kl wbe©Pb : O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU mgvb P
R¨v| M I N h_vµ‡g AB I CD Gi ga¨we›`y| cÖgvY Ki‡Z
n‡e †h, OM = ON
A¼b : O, A I O, C †hvM Kwi| O
cÖgvY :
M N
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges M I N h_vµ‡g AB I CD Gi ga¨we›`y wP‡Î PMN GKwU O †K›`ªwewkó e„Ë| e„ËwU‡Z †K›`ªMvgx bq
 OM ⊥ AB Ges ON ⊥ CD [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I e¨vm wfbœ Ggb `ywU R¨v PM I PN| 2
†Kv‡bv R¨v Gi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H R¨v Gi Dci j¤^] L. 4
(2) AOM I CON G P

ONC = OMA [GK mg‡KvY]

OA = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©] O
AOM = NOC [wecÖZxc †KvY]
AOM  NOC D
M N
 OM = ON (cÖgvwYZ)
M A
F we‡kl wbe©Pb : O †K›`ªwewkó MPN e„‡Ëi PM I PN
M 1
†K›`ªMvgx bq Ggb R¨v| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, MPN = 2
B O N MON.
D
A¼b : P we›`yw`‡q O †K›`ªMvgx †iLvsk PD AuvwK|
P
C cÖgvY :
E avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCEDF e„‡Ë O †K›`ª| AB, CD 1| POM − G [†Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri
Ges EF wZbwU ci¯úi mgvb mgvb R¨v| M, N Ges P mgvb POM Gi ewnt¯’ †KvY PQM †Kv‡bv †Kv‡Yi ewnt¯’
R¨v¸‡jvi ga¨we›`y| MOD = OPM + OMP......(i) †KvY H †Kv‡Yi
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, M, N Ges P mge„Ë| AšÍt¯’ †KvY؇qi
A¼b : O I M, O I N Ges O I P †hvM Kwi|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  316
mgwói mgvb] cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, MQN + MPN = 180
2| Avevi, OM = OP [†Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri cÖgvY :
 OPM = OMP mgvb mgvb evûi avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
wecixZ †KvYØqI 1| GKB Pvc MPN Gi Dci `Êvqgvb [GKB Pv‡ci Dci
mgvb] †K›`ª¯’ MON = 2 (e„˯’ `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’
3| (i) I (ii) bs n‡Z, MQN) †KvY e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi
MOD = 2OPM .............(ii)  MON = 2MQN .............(i) wظY]
4| Abyiƒcfv‡e †`Lv‡bv hvq, 2| Avevi, GKB Pvc MQN Gi Dci
DON = 2OPN ....................(iii) `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ cÖe„× †KvY
MON = 2 (e„˯’ MPN)
H
5| (ii) I (iii) mgxKiY †hvM K‡i cvB,
MOD + DON = 2OPM +  MON = 2MPN .............(2)
2OPN 3| (1) I (2) †hvM K‡i cvB,
ev, MON = 2MPN MON + cÖe„× MON = 2(MQN + MPN)
1 4| wKš‘ MON + cÖe„× MON =
ev, MPN = 2 MON 360
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)  2(MQN + MPN) = 360 (cÖgvwYZ)
M. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß wP‡Î P Gi wecix‡Z cwiwa¯’ GKwU we›`y Q ev, MQN + MPN = 360
wbB| M, Q I N, Q †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j PMQN PZzf©yRwU e„‡Ë
AšÍwj©wLZ| 4
P

M N

Q
we‡kl wbe©Pb : PMQN PZzf©yRwU GKwU e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©yR|

AwZwi³ m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 3  ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri ABC I ADC ci¯úi m¤ú~iK
cÖk- cÖgvY :
A_©vr ABC + ADC = 180, A, B, C, D we›`yMvgx GKwU e„Ë avcmg~n : h_v_©Zv
AuvK| A, C †hvM K‡i AC Gi †h cv‡k D we›`y †mB cv‡k Aci (1) ABCE GKwU e„˯’ PZzfz©R| [A¼bvbymv‡i]
GKwU we›`y E †bqv n‡jv| A, E I D, E †hvM Kiv n‡jv|  ABC + AEC = 180 [Kíbvbymv‡i]
K. msw¶ß weeiYmn Dc‡ii Z_¨wU R¨vwgwZK wP‡Îi (2) wKšÍz ABC + ADC = 180 [†`Iqv Av‡Q]
mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Ki| 2 ABC + AEC = ABC + ADC
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, A, C, D, E we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 4 AEC = ADC
M. ABC-Gi A we›`y †_‡K AD⊥BC Ges B we›`y (3) AEC Ges ADC, AC Gi GKB cv‡k¦©
Aew¯’Z `ywU mgvb †KvY|
†_‡K BE⊥AC AD Ges BE ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z myZivs A, C, D, E we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| (cÖgvwYZ)
†Q` K‡i| †`LvI †h, A, B, D, E we›`y PviwU
mge„Ë Ges C, D, O, E we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 4 M. ABC-Gi A we›`y n‡Z AD⊥BC Ges B we›`y n‡Z BE⊥AC,
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  AD Ges BE ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| †`Lv‡Z n‡e
†h, A, B, D, E mge„˯’ Ges C, D, O, E mge„˯’|
K. ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri ABC + ADC = 180, cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e A
†h, A, B, C, D we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| E
A
O
E
B B D C

C D
A, B, C, D we›`yMvgx GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| A, C †hvM Kwi| AC GLb, †h‡nZz AD ⊥ BC
Gi †h cv‡k¦© D we›`y †mB cv‡k¦©B Aci GKwU we›`y E †bB| A,  ADB = GK mg‡KvY
E Ges D, E †hvM Kwi| Z`ª“c AEB = GK mg‡KvY|
L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, A, C, D, E we›`y PviwU mge„Ë|  AEB = ADB
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  317
wKšÍz Giv AB †iLvs‡ki GKB cv‡k¦© Aew¯’Z `ywU †KvY| (1) GKB Pvc ABC Gi Ici
myZivs A, B, D, E mge„˯’| (cÖgvwYZ) `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ AOC Ges
Avevi, OE⊥AC e‡j, OEC = 1 mg‡KvY| e„˯’ ADC
Z`ª“c ODC = 1 mg‡KvY|  AOC = 2ADC [GKB Pv‡ci Ici
(2) Avevi, GKB Pvc ADC Gi Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’
 OEC +ODC = `yB mg‡KvY|
`Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ AOC Ges †KvY e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi
wKšÍz Giv CDOE PZzfz©‡Ri `ywU wecixZ †KvY| e„˯’ ABC
 C, D, O, E mge„˯’| (cÖgvwYZ)
wظY]
 cÖe„× AOC = 2ABC [GKB Pv‡ci Dci
œ 4  O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ë ABCD PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ|
cÖk- (3)  AOC + cÖe„× AOC = `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’
Gi AB evû‡K ewa©Z Kivq CBE ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ n‡jv| 2(ABC + ADC) wKš‘, †KvY e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi
K. Z_¨vbyhvqx wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2 AOC + cÖe„× AOC = Pvi wظY]
L. †`LvI †h, ewnt¯’ CBE wecixZ AšÍt¯’ ADC mg‡KvY
Gi mgvb| 4 (4) 2(ABC + ADC) = Pvi mg‡KvY
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, e„˯’ PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØq m¤ú~iK| 4 GKBfv‡e, cÖgvY Kiv hvq †h,
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  BAD + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY|
(cÖgvwYZ)
K. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD GKwU PZzf©yR| AB evû‡K E
ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kivq CBE ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ nq| œ 5  g‡b Kwi, GKwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| e„‡Ë ABCD PZzfz©RwU
cÖk-
D AšÍwj©wLZ n‡q‡Q| O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
C
K. wPÎ Gu‡K Gi msw¶ß weeiYmn Ic‡ii Z_¨‡K
 R¨vwgwZK wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Ki| 2
O
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, BAD + BCD = 2 mg‡KvY Ges
E ABC + ADC = 2 mg‡KvY| 4
A B
L. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD PZzf©yR AšÍwj©wLZ| M. ABCD e„˯’ PZzfz©‡Ri AB I DC evû‡K ewa©Z
AB evû‡K E ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kivq CBE ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ Kivq P we›`y‡Z Ges AD I BC evû‡K ewa©Z Kivq
n‡q‡Q| ewnt¯’ CBE-Gi wecixZ AšÍt¯’ ADC cÖgvY Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq| ADC= 85 I BPC =
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, CBE = ADC 40 n‡j BCP I CQD Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
cÖgvY :  5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABCD PZzf©yRwU e„‡Ë K. B

AšÍwj©wLZ Ges ADC I ABC Y

PZzf©yRwUi `yBwU wecixZ †KvY| O

 ADC + ABC = `yB mg‡KvY [e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ X

(2) BC iwk¥i cÖvšÍ we›`y C-†Z AE PZzf©y‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv A C
mij‡iLvq wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| d‡j, `yBwU wecixZ †Kv‡Yi D
mgwó `yB mg‡KvY] g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ë ABCD PZzfz©RwU
ABC Ges CBE mwbœwnZ
AšÍwj©wLZ n‡q‡Q| O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kwi|
†KvYØq Drcbœ n‡q‡Q|
[mwbœwnZ †KvY؇qi L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABC + ADC = `yB mg‡KvY
 ABC + CBE = `yB mg‡KvY Ges BAD + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY|
(3) ADC + ABC = ABC + mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
[(1) I (2) †_‡K] Avgiv Rvwb, GKB Pvc ADC Gi Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’
CBE
[Dfq cÿ †_‡K mgvb AOC = 2 (e„˯’ ABC)
ev, ADC = CBE
†KvY ev` w`‡q] A_©vr AOC = 2 ABC
 CBE = ADC (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
Avevi, GKB Pvc ABC Gi Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ cÖe„× †KvY
M. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ, AOC = 2 (e„˯’ ADC)
ABC Ges ADC PZzf©yRwUi `yBwU wecixZ †KvY| Avevi, A_©vr cÖe„× †KvY AOC = 2 ADC
BAD Ges BCD PZzf©yRwUi `yBwU wecixZ †KvY|
 AOC + cÖe„× †KvY AOC = 2(ABC + ADC)
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABC + ADC = `yB mg‡KvY Ges wKšÍz AOC + cÖe„× †KvY AOC = Pvi mg‡KvY|
BAD + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY|
 2(ABC + ADC) = Pvi mg‡KvY|
D
 ABC + ADC = `yB mg‡KvY|
O GKBfv‡e cÖgvY Kiv hvq †h, BAD + BCD = `yB
A mg‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ)
C
B M. ABCD e„˯’ PZzfz©‡Ri ewnt¯’ PBC = ADC = 85
A¼b : O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  318
A 1 BAD I DCM Gi
DCP = DCM
2 mgwØLÊK]
(5)  DAP = DCP [3 I 4 bs n‡Z]
B
85
(6) BAD + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY| [1bs n‡Z]
40
P D ev, BAP + DAP + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY
C
ev, BAP + DCP + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY
ev, BAP + BCP = `yB mg‡KvY| [4bs n‡Z]
Q (7) ABCP e„˯’ PZzf©yR| [Gi wecixZ †KvYØq
Avevi, PBC-Gi m¤ú~iK †KvY]
PBC = 85, BPC = 40  P we›`ywU e„‡Ëi Dc‡i Aew¯’Z| [cÖgvwYZ]
 BCP = 180 − (85 + 40) œ 7  ABCD GKwU e„Ë| CAB Ges CBA Gi mgwØLÊK
cÖk-
= 180 − 125 = 55 `yBwU P we›`y‡Z Ges DBA I DAB †KvY؇qi mgwØLÊK `yBwU
 CDQ-Gi ewnt¯’ ADC = CQD + QCD
Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq|
ev, CQD = ADC − QCD
= ADC − BCP [ QCD = wecÖZxc BCP] K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wPÎ AuvK| 2
= 85 − 55 = 30 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ADB = 2AQB − 180 4
 BCP = 55, CQD = 30 M. †`LvI †h, A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 4
œ 6  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ n‡q‡Q|
cÖk-  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i Dch©y³ e„ËwUi wPÎ AuvK| 2 K. cÖ ` Ë eY© bvi wPÎwU wbgœiƒc :
A
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, BAD + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY| 4
M. ABCD e„˯’ PZzf©y‡Ri BAD Gi mgwØLÊK Q
D

AP Ges BCD Gi ewnwØ©LÊK CP ci¯úi P



P
we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, P we›`ywU e„‡Ëi
C
Dc‡i Aew¯’Z| 4 B
L.
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  cÖgvY :
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD e„ËwU AuvKv n‡jv− avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
D (1) BQ, DBA-Gi mgwØLÊK
1
O
 ABQ = 2 DBA
A
C (2) AQ, DAB Gi mgwØLÊK
B 1
 BAQ = 2DAB
L. cvV¨ eB Dccv`¨-7 bs †`L|
(3) GLb, ABQ Gi
M. we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD e„˯’ PZzf©y‡Ri BAD ABQ + BAQ + AQB = 180 [wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi
Gi mgwØLÊK AP Ges BCD Gi ewnwØ©LÊK CP ci¯úi P 1 1 mgwó `yB mg‡KvY ev 180]
we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, P we›`ywU e„‡Ëi ev, 2DBA + 2DAB + AQB = 180
Dc‡i Aew¯’Z| ev, DBA + DAB + 2AQB = 360 [Dfqcÿ‡K 2 Øviv ¸Y
D ev, DBA + DAB + ADB + 2AQB K‡i]
= 360 + ADB [ABD-Gi wZb
A P ev, 180 + 2AQB = 360 + ADB †Kv‡Yi mgwó =
ev, 2AQB = 180 + ADB 180]
M  ADB = 2AQB − 180 (cÖgvwYZ)
B C
A¼b : BC †K M ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi| M. cÖgvY :
cÖgvY : avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv (1) ADB = 2AQB − 180 (i)
[ÔLÕ †_‡K]
(1) e„˯’ ABCD PZzf©y‡R BAD + [e„˯’ PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ Abyiƒcfv‡e,
BCD = `yB mg‡KvY| †KvY؇qi mgwó `yB ACB = 2APB − 180 (ii)
mg‡KvY] (2) wKš‘ ACB Ges ADB DfqB AB
(2) BCD + DCM = `yB mg‡KvY [ˆiwLK hyMj †KvY] Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„˯’ †KvY|
(3) BAD + BCD = BCD + DCM [1 bs I 2bs n‡Z]  ACB = ADB
ev, BAD = DCM ev, 2APB − 180 = 2AQB − 180 [(i) bs I (ii) bs n‡Z cvB]
1 1 ev, 2APB = 2AQB
ev, 2BAD = 2DCM  APB = AQB
1 GLb, APB Ges AQB †KvYØq
(4) wKš‘ DAP = 2BAD I [AP I CP h_vµ‡g
A, B we›`y؇qi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  319
AB Gi GKB cvk¦©¯’ `yB we›`y P I Q  A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
G Drcbœ Ges mgvb|

wbe©vwPZ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 8  O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ë ABCD PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ
cÖk- GKBfv‡e cÖgvY Kiv hvq †h, BAD +
n‡q‡Q| BCD = `yB mg‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ)
K. mswÿß eY©bvmn Ic‡ii Z_¨vewji wPÎ AuvK| 2 M.
A
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, cÖ`Ë PZzf©yRwUi †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU D
wecixZ †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY| 4
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, PZzf©yRwUi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU evû ewa©Z
Ki‡j †h ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ nq Zv wecixZ
AšÍt¯’ †Kv‡Yi mgvb| 4 B C
E

 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  g‡b Kwi, e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©yRwUi BC evû‡K E
K. ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kivq ewnt¯’ DCE Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| ewnt¯’
B DCE-Gi AšÍt¯’ wecixZ BAD
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, DCE = BAD
 cÖgvY :
O avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
A C
D
(1) ABCD PZzf©yRwU e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ Ges BAD I BCD
wP‡Î, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©yRwU AuvKv n‡jv| PZzf©yRwUi `yBwU wecixZ †KvY|
L. g‡b Kwi ABC Ges ADC PZzf©yRwUi `yBwU wecixZ †KvY|  BAD + BCD = `yB [e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ
Avevi, BAD Ges BCD PZzf©yRwUi `yBwU wecixZ †KvY| mg‡KvY (i)
PZzf©y‡Ri `yB wecixZ
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABC + ADC = `yB mg‡KvY Ges †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB
BAD + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY|
mg‡KvY]
B
(2) DC iwk¥i cÖvšÍ we›`y C-†Z
y BE mij‡iLv wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
O d‡j, BCD Ges DCE
x mwbœwnZ †KvYØq Drcbœ n‡q‡Q|
A C
D  BCD + DCE = `yB mg‡KvY (ii) [GKB]
A¼b : O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kwi| (3) (i) bs Ges (ii) bs Zzjbv K‡i cvB,
cÖgvY : BAD + BCD = BCD + DCE
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv ev, BAD = DCE [Dfqcÿ †_‡K mgvb
(1) g‡b Kwi, GKB Pvc ADC-Gi  DCE = BAD (cÖgvwYZ) †KvY ev` w`‡q]
Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ AOC = œ 9  ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØq ci¯úi m¤ú~iK|
cÖk-
x Ges e„˯’ ABC
K. ABCD PZzf©yRwU e„˯’ n‡e Kx, e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
1
(2) ABC = 2 x [ e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici L. hw` AC, ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri BAD Gi mgwØLÊK
`Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„˯’ nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, BC = CD 4
†Kv‡Yi A‡a©K] M. ABCD PZz f © y ‡ Ri AC I BD `y w U KY© | CAB I
(3) Avevi, g‡b Kwi, GKB Pvc ABC-Gi Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ CBA Gi mgwØLÊKØq P we›`y‡Z Ges DBA I
cÖe„× AOC = y Ges e„˯’ †KvY ADC DAB-Gi mgwØLÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡j
1 cÖgvY Ki †h, A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 4
(4) ADC = 2y [H GKB Kvi‡Y]
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
1 1
GLb, ABC + ADC = 2x + 2y K.
A
1
ev, ABC + ADC = 2 (x + y)(i) B

(5) O †K‡›`ª Drcbœ, x + y = 4 mg‡KvY [ y cÖe„× †KvY] 

(6) (i) bs †_‡K cvB,

1 D C
ABC + ADC =  4 mg‡KvY
2 ABCD PZzf©yRwU e„˯’ n‡e| KviY Avgiv Rvwb, †Kv‡bv
 ABC + ADC = `yB mg‡KvY PZzf©y‡Ri `yBwU wecixZ †KvY m¤ú~iK n‡j Zvi kxl©we›`y PviwU
mge„Ë nq|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  320
L. AC, BAD Gi mgwØLÊK n‡j cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BC = CD ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØq ci¯úi m¤ú~iK Ges AC I
A¼b : B, D †hvM Kwi| BD `yBwU KY©| CAB Ges CBA Gi mgwØLÊKØq
A B h_vµ‡g AP I BP ci¯úi P we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Avevi, DBA Ges DAB-Gi mgwØLÊKØq h_vµ‡g BQ

I AQ ci¯úi Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
C
A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU mge„Ë|
D
cÖgvY :
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØq
(1) †`Iqv Av‡Q, ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri
ci¯úi m¤ú~iK|
wecixZ †KvYØq ci¯úi m¤ú~iK|
 ABCD GKwU e„˯’ PZzf©yR|
 A, B, C, D we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| [ PZzf©y‡Ri `yB wecixZ
†KvY m¤ú~iK n‡j Gi (2) Avevi, BP, CBA-Gi mgwØLÊK|
1
kxl©we›`y PviwU mge„Ë]  ABP = 2CBA
(2) AC, BAD Gi mgwØLÊK [†`Iqv Av‡Q] Ges AP, CAB-Gi mgwØLÊK|
 BAC = DAC (i) 1
(3) GLb, GKB Pvc CD-Gi Ici  BAP = 2CAB
`Êvqgvb e„˯’ DAC Ges (3) GLb, ABP-Gi
ABP + BAP + APB = 180 [ wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi
e„˯’ DBC
 DAC = DBC [ e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci
1 1 mgwó `yB mg‡KvY ev
ev, 2
CBA + CAB + APB
2 180]
Ici `Êvqgvb e„˯’ = 180
†KvY¸‡jv mgvb] ev, CBA + CAB + 2APB = [Dfqcÿ‡K 2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
(4) Avevi, GKB Pvc BC-Gi Ici 360
`Êvqgvb e„˯’ BAC Ges ev, CBA + CAB + ACB + [Dfqc‡ÿ ACB †hvM
BDC 2APB = 360 + ACB K‡i]
 BAC = BDC (ii) [H GKB Kvi‡Y] ev, 180 + 2APB = 360 + [ABC Gi wZbwU
(5) myZivs, BDC = DBC [(2), (3) I 4 n‡Z] ACB †Kv‡Yi mgwó 180]
(6) A_©vr BCD-Gi, ev, 2APB = 180 + ACB
BDC = DBC  ACB = 2APB − 180 (i)
 BC = CD (cÖgvwYZ) [ wÎfz‡Ri mgvb mgvb (4) Abyiƒcfv‡e, ADB =
†Kv‡Yi wecixZ evûØq 2AQB − 180(ii)
ci¯úi mgvb] (5) wKš‘, ACB Ges ADB
M. DfqB AB Pv‡ci Ici
A `Êvqgvb e„˯’ †KvY| [(i) bs I (ii) bs n‡Z]
 ACB = ADB
D ev, 2APB − 180 = 2AQB − 180
Q
 ev, 2APB = 2AQB
P
 APB = AQB
(6) GLb, APB Ges AQB †KvYØq A, B we›`y؇qi ms‡hvRK
C
B mij‡iLv AB Gi GKB cvk¦©¯’ `yB we›`y P I Q-G Drcbœ Ges
mgvb|
 A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| (cÖgvwYZ)

m„R bkxj cÖk œe¨vsK DËimn

œ 10  wkÿK beg †kªwYi MwY‡Zi K¬v‡m eø¨vK‡ev‡W© P, Q, R, S K. Z_¨mg~n wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki|
cÖk- 2
Ggb PviwU we›`y wb‡jb †hb †m¸‡jv O we›`y †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x nq| L. R¨vwgwZK hyw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i cÖgvY Ki †h, PZzf©yRwUi wecixZ
AZtci we›`y¸‡jv ch©vqµ‡g †hvM K‡i GKwU PZzf©yR MVb Ki‡jb †KvY¸‡jv m¤ú~iK| 4
†hwU †Kv‡bv eM©‡ÿÎ bq| P I R we›`yi ms‡hvRK KY©wU QPS M. R¨vwgwZK hyw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i cÖgvY Ki †h, Q I S we›`y `yBwU R
†KvY‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x| 4
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  321

A b yk xj b x 8 .4
cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`
 e„‡Ëi †Q`K I ¯úk©K  mvaviY ¯úk©K :
mgZ‡j GKwU e„Ë I GKwU mij‡iLvi cvi¯úwiK Ae¯’vb we‡ePbv GKwU mij‡iLv hw` `yBwU e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K nq, Z‡e Zv‡K e„Ë
Kwi| G‡ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi wP‡Îi cÖ`Ë wZbwU m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q : `yBwUi GKwU mvaviY ¯úk©K ejv nq| wb‡Pi K I L wPÎ
(K) e„Ë I mij‡iLvi †Kv‡bv mvaviY we›`y †bB, (L) `ywU‡Z AB Dfq e„‡Ëi mvaviY ¯úk©K| wPÎ-K I wPÎ L G
mij‡iLvwU e„ˇK `yBwU we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q, (M) mij‡iLvwU ¯úk©we›`y GKB| wPÎ M I wPÎ N G ¯úk©we›`y wfbœ wfbœ|
e„ˇK GKwU we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q|

(i) (ii) (iii) `yBwU e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv mvaviY ¯úk©‡Ki ¯úk©we›`y `yBwU wfbœ n‡j
mgZ‡j GKwU e„Ë I GKwU mij‡iLvi me©vwaK `yBwU †Q`we›`y ¯úk©KwU‡K (K) mij mvaviY ¯úk©K ejv nq hw` e„Ë `yBwUi †K›`ªØq
_vK‡Z cv‡i| mgZj¯’ GKwU e„Ë I GKwU mij‡iLvi hw` ¯úk©‡Ki GKB cv‡k¦© _v‡K Ges (L) wZh©K mvaviY ¯úk©K ejv nq
`yBwU †Q`we›`y _v‡K Z‡e †iLvwU‡K e„ËwUi GKwU †Q`K ejv hw` e„Ë `yBwUi †K›`ªØq ¯úk©‡Ki wecixZ cv‡k¦© _v‡K|
nq Ges hw` GKwU I †Kej GKwU mvaviY we›`y _v‡K Z‡e wPÎ-M G ¯úk©KwU mij mvaviY ¯úk©K Ges wPÎ-N G ¯úk©KwU
†iLvwU‡K e„ËwUi GKwU ¯úk©K ejv nq| Dc‡ii wP‡Î K G e„Ë I wZh©K mvaviY ¯úk©K|
PQ mij‡iLvi †Kv‡bv mvaviY we›`y †bB, wPÎ-L G PQ mij‡iLvwU
e„ˇK A I B `yBwU we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q Ges wPÎ M G PQ
mij‡iLvwU e„ˇK A we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| PQ e„ËwUi ¯úk©K
I A GB ¯úk©‡Ki ¯úk©we›`y|
gšÍe¨ : e„‡Ëi cÖ‡Z¨K †Q`‡Ki †Q`we›`y؇qi AšÍe©Zx© mKj
we›`y e„ËwUi Af¨šÍ‡i _v‡K| (N)

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

cÖkœ \ 1 \ O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y P †_‡K nIqvq, PAO = PBO [GK mg‡KvY]
e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K Uvbv n‡jv| cÖgvY Ki †h, OP mij‡iLv ¯úk©-R¨v (2) APO I BPO mg‡KvYx wÎfzR
Gi j¤^wØLÊK| `yBwUi g‡a¨ AP = BP
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ [ ewnt¯’ we›`y n‡Z
†Kv‡bv we›`y P †_‡K e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K Uvbv n‡jv| Aw¼Z ¯úk©KØq mgvb]
Ges AO = BO [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨mva©
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OP mij‡iLv ¯úk©-R¨v Gi j¤^wØLÊK|
OP mvaviY evû
A
e‡j]
AZGe, wÎfzRØq me©mg|
P O C  AOP = BOP
E
(3) GLb, AOE I BOE Gi g‡a¨
B AO = BO
OE mvaviY evû [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges P ewnt¯’ we›`y| P
†_‡K AP Ges BP `yBwU ¯úk©K Uvbv n‡jv| A I B Ges O I P †hvM Kiv Ges AšÍfy©³ AOE = AšÍfy©³ e‡j]
n‡jv| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OP, AB ¯úk©-R¨v Gi j¤^wØLÊK| BOE
A¼b : O, A Ges O, B †hvM Kwi|  wÎfzRØq me©mg|
cÖgvY : (4) AZGe, AE = BE
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) OA Ges OB ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmva© Ges AEO = BEO
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  322
(5) wKšÍz †KvY `ywU mwbœwnZ e‡j cÖwZwU GK mg‡KvY|
GK mg‡KvY| AZGe, OD, AB Gi Ici j¤^|
 OE, AB Gi Dci j¤^| (2) GLb, ABC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª, OD, AB
OE Ges OP GKB mij‡iLv nIqvq OP,
R¨v-Gi Ici j¤^|
myZivs, OD, AB †K mgwØLwÊZ [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª n‡Z
AB Gi j¤^-wØLÊK| [cÖgvwYZ] †Kv‡bv R¨v‡qi Ici
K‡i|
cÖkœ \ 2 \ †`Iqv Av‡Q, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges PA I PB ¯úk©KØq A_©vr, D, AB Gi ga¨we›`y| Aw¼Z j¤^ R¨v‡K
e„ˇK h_vµ‡g A I B we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki †h, PO, [cÖ gvwYZ] mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
APB †K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| cÖkœ \ 4 \ AB †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e¨vm Ges BC e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb GKwU
mgvavb : R¨v| hw` A I C we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z ¯úk©KØq ci¯úi D we›`y‡Z wgwjZ
B nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, ACD GKwU mgevû wÎfzR|
mgvavb :
A
P O D

A
O

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ P we›`y †_‡K C

Aw¼Z PA I PB ¯úk©KØq e„ˇK h_vµ‡g A I B we›`y‡Z ¯úk©
K‡i‡Q| P, O †hvM Kiv n‡jv| B

cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PO, APB †K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi e¨vm AB Ges BC
A_©vr, APO = BPO e¨vmva© OB A_ev OA Gi mgvb| A I C we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z ¯úk©KØq
A¼b : O, A Ges O, B †hvM Kwi| ci¯úi D we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
cÖgvY : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ACD GKwU mgevû wÎfzR|
avcmg~n h_v_©ZvA¼b : C, O Ges A, C †hvM Kwi|
(1) APO I BPO Gi g‡a¨ cÖgvY :
AP = BP [ewnt¯’ we›`y †_‡K Aw¼Z avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
¯úk©KØq mgvb] (1) AB e¨vm nIqvq,
OA = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j] ACB Aa©e„˯’ †KvY|
Ges OP = OP [evû mvaviY] myZivs ACB = 90 [Aa©e„˯’ †KvY GKmg‡KvY]
AZGe, APO  BPO [evû-evû-evû Dccv`¨] (2) Avevi, BCO G, [e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb
 APO = BPO BO = BC = CO e‡j]
A_©vr, PO, APB †K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| [cÖgvwYZ]  BCO GKwU mgevû wÎfzR,
cÖkœ \ 3 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, `yBwU e„Ë GK‡Kw›`ªK n‡j Ges e„nËi Ges BCO = 60
e„ËwUi †Kv‡bv R¨v ¶z`ªZi e„ËwU‡K ¯úk© Ki‡j D³ R¨v ¯úk©we›`y‡Z (3) Zvn‡j, ACO = 90 − 60 = 30 [ GKB e„‡Ëi
mgwØLwÊZ nq| (4) GLb AO = CO e¨vmva©]
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : `yBwU e„Ë GK‡Kw›`ªK n‡j Ges e„nËi  CAO = ACO = 30
e„ËwUi †Kv‡bv R¨v ¶z`ªZi e„ËwU‡K ¯úk© Ki‡j D³ R¨v ¯úk©we›`y‡Z (5) AD ¯úk©K Ges OA ¯úk©we›`yMvgx
mgwØLwÊZ nq| e¨vmva© nIqvq, DAO = 90
myZivs, DAC = DAO − CAO
F = 90 − 30 = 60
E
C GKB Kvi‡Y, DCO = 90
O AZGe, ACD = DCO − ACO
= 90 − 30 = 60
A B (6) myZivs, ACD G, DAC = ACD
D
= 60 n‡j ADC = 60 n‡e|
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC I DEF e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| AB e„nËi AZGe, ACD mgevny| [cÖgvwYZ]
e„‡Ëi R¨v| AB R¨v ¶z`ªZi e„ËwU‡K D we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY
cÖkœ \ 5 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi cwiwjwLZ PZzfz©‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, D, AB Gi ga¨we›`y|
`yBwU wecixZ evû †K‡›`ª †h `yBwU †KvY aviY K‡i, Zviv ci¯úi
A¼b : O,A; O, B Ges O, D †hvM Kwi|
m¤ú~iK|
cÖgvY :
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi cwiwjwLZ PZzfz‡R©i
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
†h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU wecixZ evû †K‡›`ª †h `yBwU †KvY aviY K‡i Zviv
(1) AB, DEF e„‡Ëi D we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K Ges
ci¯úi m¤ú~iK|
OD ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©| [A¼bvbymv‡i]
 ODB = GK mg‡KvY
ADO mwbœwnZ nIqvq ADO =
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  323
D
S
C
 AOP  AOQ [evû-evû-evû Dccv`¨]
 AOP = AOQ  (i)
(2) Giƒcfv‡e cÖgvY Kiv hvq †h,
Q R POB = ROB  (ii)
O
COR = COS  (iii)
Ges DOQ = DOS  (iv)
A
P
B
(3) GLb, AOB + BOC + COD + AOD = 4 mg‡KvY
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD PZzfz©RwU O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ev, AOB + BOR + COR + COD + AOQ +
cwiwjwLZ| PZzfz©‡Ri AB I CD wecixZ evû `yBwU †K‡›`ª AOB DOQ = 4 mg‡KvY
I COD Drcbœ K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOB + COD ev, AOB + POB + COS + COD + AOP + DOS
= 2 mg‡KvY| = 4 mg‡KvY
A¼b : O, S; O, Q; O, R Ges O, P †hvM Kwi| ev, AOB + (POB + AOP) + (COS + DOS) +
cÖgvY : COD = 4 mg‡KvY
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv ev, AOB + COD + AOB + COD = 4 mg‡KvY
(1) AOP I AOQ Gi g‡a¨, ev, 2(AOB + COD) = 4 mg‡KvY
AP = AQ ev, AOB + COD = 2 mg‡KvY
OP = OQ [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
Ges OA mvaviY evû  †KvYØq ci¯úi m¤ú~iK| [cÖgvwYZ]

¸iæZ¡c~Y© enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

1. 2.
A P

P R
O O

Q
B
wP‡Î PA I PB `yBwU m¤úK© n‡j− wP‡Î PR I QR m¤úK© n‡j−
i. OA = OB i. PR = QR
ii. OAP = 1 mg‡KvY ii. OPR = 90
iii. PA = PB iii. PRO = QRO
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

7.
†[Link]. I 5 †[Link]. e¨vmv‡a©i `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi
7
84 : e„‡Ëi †Q`K I ¯úk©K AšÍt¯’fv‡e ¯úk© Ki‡j Zv‡`i †K›`ªØ‡qi ga¨eZ©x `~iZ¡ KZ
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi n‡e? (mnR)
 2 †[Link]. L 4 †[Link]. M 8 †[Link]. N 10 †[Link].
3. GKwU mij‡iLv GKwU e„ˇK m‡e©v”P KqwU we›`y‡Z †Q` 8. e„‡Ëi cÖ‡Z¨K †Q`‡Ki †Q`we›`y؇qi AšÍe©Zx mKj we›`y
Ki‡Z cv‡i? (mnR)
e„ËwUi †Kv_vq _v‡K? (mnR)
K1 2 M3 N AmsL¨
 Af¨šÍ‡i L ewnf©v‡M M Dc‡i N wb‡P
4. mgZj¯’ GKwU e„Ë I mij‡iLvi hw` `yBwU †Q`we›`y _v‡K, 9. GKwU mij‡iLv hw` `yBwU e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K nq, Z‡e Zv‡K e„Ë
Z‡e †iLvwU‡K e„ËwUi Kx ejv nq? (mnR)
`yBwUi Kx ejv nq? (mnR)
K ¯úk©K  †Q`K M †Q`we›`y N ¯úk©we›`y
K ¯úk©K  mvaviY ¯úk©K
5. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi I PQ †iLvi mvaviY we›`y A n‡j, PQ
e„ËwUi Kx? (mnR) M wZh©K ¯úk©K N wZh©K mvaviY ¯úk©K

K mvaviY †iLv  ¯úk©K M R¨v N e¨vm 10. `yBwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ªØq ¯úk©‡Ki GKB cv‡k¦© _vK‡j Zv‡K Kx
6. GKwU mij‡iLv e„ˇK KqwU we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i? (mnR) e‡j? (mnR)
1 L2 M3 N4 K ¯úk©K L mvaviY ¯úk©K
 mij mvaviY ¯úk©K N wZh©K mvaviY ¯úk©K
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  324
11. `yBwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ªØq ¯úk©‡Ki wecixZ cv‡k¦© _vK‡j, Zv‡K Kx iii. e„Ë I mij‡iLvi mvaviY we›`y bv _vK‡j mij‡iLvwU
e‡j? (mnR) e„ËwUi wfZ‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i
 wZh©K mvaviY ¯úk©K L wZh©K ¯úk©K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
M mij mvaviY ¯úk©K N ¯úk©K  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
12. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K I ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i ga¨eZ©x 22. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi−
†Kv‡Yi cwigvY KZ? (mnR) i. †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z GKwU gvÎ ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq
K 45  L 60   90  N 100  ii. ¯úk© we›`y‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ †K›`ªMvgx
e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z ¯úk©K ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i Ici j¤^| iii. †K›`ª †_‡K Gi †Kv‡bv ¯úk©‡Ki Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ ¯úk©
13. †h‡Kv‡bv `ywU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª ¯úk©‡Ki wecixZ cv‡k _vK‡j, we›`y w`‡q hvq
Zv‡K Kx ejv nq? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K AšÍt¯úk©  ewnt¯úk© M ga¨¯úk© N mvaviY ¯úk© K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
14. `yBwU AšÍt¯’ e„‡Ëi e¨vm h_vµ‡g 8 †mwg. I 4 †[Link]. n‡j 23. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi evB‡i P GKwU we›`y| P †_‡K e„‡Ë
e„Ë؇qi †K‡›`ªi `~iZ¡ KZ †[Link].? (ga¨g) Aw¼Z `yBwU ¯úk©K PA Ges PB O, A; O, B; O, P †hvM Kiv
2 L4 M8 N 12 n‡j−
15. wP‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi ¯úk© n‡q‡Q? (ga¨g)

i. AOP  BOP ii. PA = PB

AšÍt¯úk© L ewnt¯úk© iii. AOP = BOP Ges APO = BPO
M mvaviY ¯úk©K N ga¨ ¯úk©K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
16. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z KqwU ¯úk©K A¼b Kiv hvq? (mnR) Ki L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
1 L2 M3 N4 24. A I B †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq O we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| PQ e„Ë
17. `yBwUi mvaviY ¯úk©K−
B P P

O O
P A B O B A
C
A Q Q
PA I PB ¯úk©K n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) i. AO ⊥ PQ ii. BO ⊥ PQ
K1 2 M3 N4 iii. A, O, B we›`y
wZbwU mg‡iL
e¨vL¨v : PA = PB ev, 4x + 3 = 2x + 7 ev, 4x − 2x = 7 − 3  x = 2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
18. e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K Uvb‡j, H K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
we›`y †_‡K ¯úk© we›`y؇qi `~iZ¡− (mnR) 25. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
 mgvb L wظY M eo N †QvU i. `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K ewnt¯úk© Ki‡j, ¯úk©we›`y Qvov
19. e„‡Ëi †K›`ª †_‡K ¯úk© we›`y ch©šÍ `~iZ¡‡K Kx e‡j? e„‡Ëi Ab¨ mKj we›`y Aci e„‡Ëi evB‡i _vK‡e
K e¨vm L R¨v  e¨vmva© N ¯úk©K ii. `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K AšÍt¯úk© Ki‡j, ¯úk©we›`y Qvov
20. (mnR) †QvU e„‡Ëi Ab¨ mKj we›`y eo e„ËwUi ewnf©v‡M _vK‡e
iii. `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K AšÍt¯úk© Ki‡j, †K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡
e„Ë؇qi e¨vmv‡a©i AšÍ‡ii mgvb
O
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
T
P 26.
P
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë PT ¯úk©K Ges OT ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©|
OT = 10, OP = 15 n‡j, PT = KZ GKK? (ga¨g) A O B
5 5 L6 5 M7 5 N8 5
e¨vL¨v : PT = OP2 − OT2 = (15)2− 102 = 125 = 5 5 GKK| Q
A I B †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
PQ e„Ë `ywUi mvaviY ¯úk©K n‡j−
21. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : i. AO = PQ
i. mgZ‡j GKwU e„Ë I GKwU mij‡iLvi me©vwaK `yBwU ii. POA + POB = GK mij‡KvY
†Q`we›`y _vK‡Z cv‡i iii. A, O I B we›`y wZbwU mg‡iL
ii. `yBwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ªØq mij mvaviY ¯úk©‡Ki GKB cv‡k _v‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  325
B
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : P O

M N

A A
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ewn:¯’ P we›`y †_‡K `ywU ¯úk©K PA I PB|
33. PAO = Gi cwigvY KZ? (mnR)
27. wP‡Î M I N †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq A we›`y‡Z AšÍ:¯úk© Ki‡j K 45 L 60  90 N 180
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 34. x Gi cwigvY KZ? (ga¨g)
K MN = MA+NA  MN = MA − NA K4 L3 M2 1
M MA = NA N MN − MA = AN 35. PB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (ga¨g)
28. A †_‡K M I N Gi `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g 4 I 3 †[Link]. n‡j MN = K2 L4 5 N6
KZ †[Link].? (mnR) 36. OP Gi ˆ`N©¨ †KvYwU? (ga¨g)
1 L3 M4 N7 K9 L4 M 32  34
 wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 29 − 32 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : e¨vL¨v : OBP mg‡KvYx
B  OP2 = OB2 + PB2 = 52 + 32  OP = 34
 wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 37 − 40 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
P
P O

C
A O
A B
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi PA, PB `yBwU ¯úk©K|
29. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K PA = PO  PA = PB
M OP = OA N OP = OB Q
30. PAO = KZ? (mnR) 37. e„Ë `yBwUi mvaviY ¯úk©K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K 60 L 80  90 N 100 K AB  PQ M OA N OB
31. PAO + PBO-Gi cwigvc KZ? (ga¨g) 38. POB Gi cwigvc KZ? (mnR)
K 90  180 M 120 N 360 K 60  90 M 180 N 150
32. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 39. POA + QOB Gi cwigvc KZ? (ga¨g)
 OA = OB L OP = OB K 90 L 100  180 N 360
M AC = BC N PA = OB 40. AOB = KZ? (mnR)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 33 − 36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 90  180 M 120 N 140
e¨vL¨v : AOB = GK mij †KvY = 180

wbe©vwPZ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

41. GKwU e„Ë I H e„‡Ëi ¯úk©‡Ki KqwU mvaviY we›`y _v‡K? 47. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv e¨vmv‡a©i cÖvšÍ we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z j¤^ H we›`y‡Z
K0 1 M2 N AmsL¨ e„‡Ëi Kx n‡e?
42. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z KqwU ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq? K R¨v L Pvc M e¨vm  ¯úk©K
1 L2 M3 N4 48. `yBwU e„Ë AšÍt¯’fv‡e ci¯úi‡K ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i
43. e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K H e„‡Ë KqwU ¯úk©K AuvKv e¨vmva©Øq 7 Ges 5 †[Link]. n‡j, †K›`ªØ‡qi ga¨eZ©x `~iZ¡ KZ
hv‡e? †[Link].?
K1 2 M3 N AmsL¨ K 12 L8 M4 2
44. `yBwU e„Ë ewnt¯úk© Ki‡j Zv‡`i ¯úk© we›`y‡Z mij mvaviY 49. †Kv‡bv mij‡iLv †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K n‡j Zv‡`i †Q`we›`y
¯úk©K AuvKv hv‡e? _vK‡e KqwU?
 1wU L 2wU M 3wU N AmsL¨ 1 L2 M3 N4
45. `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K AšÍt¯úk© Ki‡j †K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ n‡e− 50. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z ¯úk©K ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i
K e„Ë `yBwUi e¨v‡mi mgvb †KvbwU?
L eo e„‡Ëi e¨v‡mi mgvb K mgvšÍivj  j¤^ M mgvb N mgvbycvwZK
M e„Ë؇qi e¨vmv‡a©i mgwói mgvb 51. `yBwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ e¨vmv‡a©i mgwói mgvb n‡j
 e„Ë؇qi e¨vmv‡a©i AšÍ‡ii mgvb e„Ë؇qi cÖK…wZ wKiƒc?
46. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K I ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i ga¨eZ©x K mgvb n‡e L AšÍt¯úk© Ki‡e
†Kv‡Yi cwigvY KZ?  ewnt¯úk© Ki‡e N †Q` Ki‡e
K 45 L 60  90 N 100 52. ¯úk© we›`y‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki Ici j¤^ wb‡Pi †KvbwU w`‡q hvq?
K R¨v  †K›`ª M †Q`K N ¯úk© †iLvsk
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  326
A
53. O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë PA I PB ¯úk©K Ges AB R¨v n‡j,
M
APB †KvY ai‡bi wÎfzR? C O P

K mg‡KvYx L mgevû  mgwØevû N welg evû B

54. GKwU e„‡Ë ci¯úi j¤^ KqwU ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq? 59. AOB = 120 n‡j APO Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K1 2 M3 N4  30 L 60 M 180 N 240
55. 60. AM = 5 cm Ges PB = 13 cm n‡j PM Gi ˆ`N©¨ wb‡Pi
A
†KvbwU?
O 130 P  12 cm L 18 cm M 21 cm N 144 cm
61. AOB + APB Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
B K 60 L 120  180 N 300
wP‡Î APB Gi gvb KZ?  wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 62 I 63 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K 30 L 40  50 N 60
56. `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K ewnt¯úk© Ki‡j, †K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ A
e„Ë؇qi− O P
i. e¨vmv‡a©i mgwói mgvb ii. e¨vmv‡a©i AšÍ‡ii mgvb
iii. e¨vmv‡a©i e‡M©i mgwói mgvb B
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 62. †KvbwU ¯úk© R¨v-
K OA L AP M OP  AB
i L i I ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
63. OP = 13 †[Link]. AP = 12 †[Link]., n‡j e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© KZ
57. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : †[Link].?
i. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z GKvwaK ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq
5 L 25 M 313 N 313
ii. e„‡Ëi †K›`ª cÖ‡Z¨K e¨v‡mi ga¨we›`y
iii. †Kv‡bv Pvc Aa©e„Ë n‡j Zvi wWMÖxi cwigvc 180
 wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 64 − 66 bs cÖ ‡ kœ i DËi `vI :
A
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii  ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
P O

58.
B
A
O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ P we›`y n‡Z PA I PB ¯úk©K
O P Uvbv n‡jv|
B 64. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wP‡Î PA I PB ¯úk©K n‡j−  PA = PB L OP = OA
M OP = OB N OP = PB = PO
i. PA = PB ii. PBO = 90
iii. APO = POB 65. OPA wb‡Pi †KvbwU mgvb?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K OAP  OPB M AOP N BOP
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 66. OAP + OBP Gi cwigvc KZ?
 wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 59 − 61 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 90  180 M 270 N 360

¸iæZ¡c~Y© m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 1  `ywU mge¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ëi †K›`ª A I B Ges CD Zv‡`i
cÖk- we‡kl wbe©Pb : A, B †K›`ª I GKB e¨vmva©wewkó e„‡Ëi CD
mvaviY ¯úk©K| GKwU mvaviY ¯úk©K| ¯úk© we›`y C Ges D| C, A; D, B; A, B
K. DÏxcK Abymv‡i wPwýZ wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2 †hvM Kwi| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABDC GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ|
L. DÏxc‡Ki e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I ¯úk© we›`y hy³ K‡i Aw¼Z cÖgvY :
PZzf©yRwU GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ, cÖgvY Ki| 4 avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
M. D³ e„Ë `yBwU ci¯úi‡K ewnt¯úk© Ki‡j †`LvI †h, (1) CA ⊥ AB, [ A = 90]
¯úk© we›`y I †K›`ªØq mg‡iL| 4 Ges DB ⊥ AB, [GKB Kvi‡Y]
(2) GLb, ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿ‡Î, [†h‡nZz mvgvšÍwi‡Ki
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A = D ...............(i) wecixZ †KvYØq ci¯úi
K. Ges B = C ...........(ii) mgvb]
C D
(3) A + D = 180 [ e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri
A B
wecixZ †KvY؇qi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
GLv‡b A, B †K›`ª wewkó mge¨vmv‡a©i `yBwU e„Ë, CD Zv‡`i ev, D + D = 180
[(i) bs †_‡K A = D]
mvaviY ¯úk©K| ev, 2D = 180
L. ev, D = 90
C D Abyiƒcfv‡e, C = 90
A B
 A = B = C = D = 90
ABCD PZzf©yRwU GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ| (cÖgvwYZ)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  327
M. we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, A Ges B †K›`ª wewkó `yBwU e„Ë cÖgvY :
ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z ewnt¯úk© K‡i‡Q| cÖgvb Ki‡Z n‡e †h, A, avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
O, B we›`y wZbwU mg‡iL| (1) POA = 90 ev GK mg‡KvY| [ A †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë
P AO ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©
A 
O A  Ges POQ ¯úk©K|
(2) Abyiƒcfv‡e, POB = 90 ev GK mg‡KvY|
Q  Abyiƒcfv‡e, POB = 90 ev GK mg‡KvY|
A¼b : †h‡nZz e„ËØq ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z ewnt¯úk© K‡i‡Q|  POA + POB = 90 + 90 = 180
myZivs O we›`y‡Z Zv‡`i GKwU mvaviY ¯úk©K _vK‡e| GLb O  AOB = 180 A_©vr GK mg‡KvY|
we›`y‡Z mvaviY ¯úk©K POQ A¼b Kwi| O, A Ges O, B  A, O, B we›`yÎq mg‡iL| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
†hvM Kwi|

A byk xj b g ~j K K v‡R i A v‡j v‡K m„R b kxj cÖk œ I mg vavb

œ 2  A Ges B †K›`ªwewkó `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z ¯úk©
cÖk- [ e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z ¯úk©K ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i
K‡i| mv‡_ j¤^]
K. mswÿß weeiYmn Ic‡ii Z_¨vewji wPÎ AuvK| 2 Avevi, PQ, B †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi O we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K Ges OB
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, A, B Ges O we›`y wZbwU mg‡iL| 4 ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©|
M. †`LvI †h, `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K AšÍt¯úk© Ki‡j,  PQ ⊥ OB A_©vr POB = 1 [mg‡KvY] (ii)
†K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ e„Ë؇qi e¨vmv‡a©i AšÍ‡ii mgvb| 4 wPÎ-1 : (i) bs I (ii) bs †hvM K‡i cvB,
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  POA + POB = 1 mg‡KvY + 1 mg‡KvY

K.  POA + POB = 2 mg‡KvY

P P wKš‘ Giv mwbœwnZ †KvY|
 †KvY؇qi ewnt¯’ evû OA Ges OB GKB mij‡iLvq
B Aew¯’Z|
A 
B O A 

O A_©vr, A, B, O GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z|

wPÎ-2 : POQ †iLvi O we›`y‡Z OB Ges OA j¤^| wKš‘
GKwU †iLvi GKwU we›`y‡Z GKvwaK j¤^ AuvKv m¤¢e bq| ZvB
Q Q
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 AO Ges BO GKB †iLv n‡e|
wP‡Î, A Ges B †K›`ªwewkó `ywU e„Ë ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z A_©vr A, B, O mg‡iL|
ewnt¯úk© (wPÎ-1) Ges AšÍt¯úk© (wPÎ-2) K‡i‡Q| myZivs Dfq‡ÿ‡Î A, B Ges O GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z A_©vr
L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, A, B Ges O we›`y wZbwU mg‡iL| A, B, O mg‡iL|
A¼b : †h‡nZz e„ËØq ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q, myZivs myZivs Dfq‡ÿ‡Î A, B Ges O GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z A_©vr
O we›`y‡Z Zv‡`i GKwU mvaviY ¯úk©K _vK‡e| GLb O we›`y‡Z A, B Ges O mg‡iL| (cÖgvwYZ)
mvaviY ¯úk©K POQ A¼b Kwi Ges O, A I O, B †hvM Kwi| M. Abywm×všÍ-2 Gi mgvav‡bi Abyiƒc|
cÖgvY: PQ, A †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi O we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K Ges OA
¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©|
 PQ ⊥ OA A_©vr POA = 1 mg‡KvY (i)

AwZwi³ m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 3  ABC GKwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| P e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y
cÖk-  3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
Ges P n‡Z e„‡Ëi Ici PA I PB `ywU ¯úk©K A¼b Kiv n‡jv| K.
K. msw¶ß weeiYmn Ic‡ii Z_¨¸‡jv‡K R¨vwgwZK
wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, PA = PB 4
1
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, APO = 2 APB 4
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  328
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„Ë ABC| GB e„‡Ëi evB‡i œ 4  O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y P| PA I
cÖk-
GKwU we›`y P †`Iqv Av‡Q| P n‡Z ABC e„‡Ëi Ici PA I PB e„‡Ëi `yBwU ¯úk©K|
PB `yBwU ¯úk©K AsKb Kiv n‡jv| K. msw¶ß weeiYmn wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PA = PB L. cÖgvY Ki †h, OP, ¯úk© R¨v Gi j¤^wØLÊK| 4
A¼b : O, A; O, B Ges O, P †hvM Kwi| M. cÖgvY Ki †h, OP, APB Gi mgwØLÊK| 4
cÖgvY :  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
avcmg~n : h_v_©Zv
K. O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ we›`y P †_‡K `ywU ¯úk©K
(1) e„‡Ëi A we›`y‡Z PA GKwU
PA I PB e„ˇK h_vµ‡g A I B we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| O, P;
¯úk©K Ges OA ¯úk© we›`yMvgx
A, B; O, A Ges O, B †hvM Kwi|
e¨vmva©| A
 OA ⊥ PA A_©vr OAP = GK
D
mg‡KvY| [†h‡nZz e„‡Ëi †h‡Kv‡bv C O P

(2) Avevi, e„‡Ëi B we›`y‡Z PB GKwU we›`yi Dci Aw¼Z ¯úk©K

B
¯úk©K Ges OB ¯úk©we›`yMvgx ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i L. †h‡nZz e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ we›`y P †_‡K PA I PB `ywU ¯úk©K|
e¨vmva©| Dci j¤^]  PA = PB
 OB ⊥ PB A_©vr OBP = A¼b : O, A; O, B; A, B Ges O, P †hvM Kwi|
GK mg‡KvY| [GKB Kvi‡Y] cÖgvY :
(3) GLb, mg‡KvYx PAO Ges avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) POA I POB-G
PBO G
PA = PB,
AwZfzR PO = AwZfzR PO OA = OB [ GKB e„‡Ëi
Ges OA = OB [†h‡nZz GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
 PAO  PBO
e¨vmva©] Ges OP = OP [mvaviY evû]
[†h‡nZz mg‡KvYx  AOP = BOP
wÎfzR؇qi AwZfzR Ges A_©vr AOD = BOD  (i)
 PA = PB (cÖgvwYZ)
Aci GKwU Abyiƒc evû (2) GLb, AOD I BOD-G,
ci¯úi mgvb] OA = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
OD = OD
M. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ we›`y P †_‡K Aw¼Z `yBwU ¯úk©K [mvaviY evû]
Ges AšÍfz©³ AOD = AšÍfz©³
PA I PB e„ˇK h_vµ‡g B we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| PO, e„‡Ëi [(i) †_‡K]
BOD
†K›`ª O Ges ewn¯’ P we›`yi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv| cÖgvY Ki‡Z  AOD  BOD
1
n‡e †h, APO = 2 APB (3) myZivs AD = BD Ges ADO = BDO
A¼b : P, O; O, A Ges O, B †hvM Kwi| †h‡nZz †KvY `ywU ˆiwLK hyMj †KvY Ges
G‡`i cwigvY mgvb, myZivs Giv
cÖgvY :
cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK mg‡KvY|
avcmg~n : h_v_©Zv
 OP †iLv AB †iLvs‡ki j¤^wØLÊK
(1) e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ we›`y P †_‡K PA
A_©vr OP †iLv, ¯úk© R¨v AB-Gi
Ges PB `ywU ¯úk©K|
j¤^wØLÊK| (cÖgvwYZ)
 PA = PB [†h‡nZz e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ we›`y
M. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OP, APB Gi
†_‡K ¯úk© we›`y؇qi `~iZ¡ mgwØLÊK|
mgvb] cÖgvY :
(2) GLb, OAP Ges OBP-G
PA = PB; avcmg~n
OA = OB (1) e„‡Ëi A we›`y‡Z PA ¯úk©K Ges
[†h‡nZz GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©
OA ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©|
e‡j]
OP = OP [mvaviY evû]  PA⊥OA A_©vr OAP = GK mg‡KvY|
 P  P [evû-evû-evû-Dccv`¨]  AOP mg‡KvYx|
myZivs APO = BPO (2) e„‡Ëi B we›`y‡Z PB ¯úk©K Ges OB
A_©vr OP, APB †K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva© nIqvq
1 PB ⊥ OB A_©vr OBP = GK mg‡KvY|
myZivs APO = 2 APB (cÖgvwYZ)  BOP mg‡KvYx|
[GKB e„‡Ëi
(3) AOP Ges BOP mg‡KvYx wÎfzR؇qi e¨vmva© e‡j]
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  329
g‡a¨ [KviY `ywU mg‡KvYx †KvYØq ci¯úi mgvb]
OA = OB wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzRØq (4) ACD-Gi
Ges AwZfzR OP Dfq wÎfz‡Ri mvaviY evû| mgvb n‡j Ges GKwU ACD + CAD + ADC = 180 [ wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi
 AOP  BOP GK evû AciwUi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY ev
myZivs APO = BPO Abyiƒc evûi mgvb ev, 60  + 60  + ADC = 180  180 Gi mgvb]
A_©vr PO, APB †K mgwØLÊK| n‡j wÎfzRØq me©mg 
ev, ADC = 180 − 120  [(ii) Ges (iii) bs †_‡K]
[cÖgvwYZ] nq]  ADC = 60 (iv)
(5) (2) bs (3) bs Ges (4) bs †_‡K
œ 5  AB †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e¨vm Ges BC e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb GKwU
cÖk-
†`Lv hv‡”Q †h, ACD Gi cÖwZwU
R¨v| A I C we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z ¯úk©KØq ci¯úi D we›`y‡Z wgwjZ
†KvY 60
n‡q‡Q|
(6) †h‡nZz cÖwZwU †KvY mgvb †m‡nZz
K. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K mswÿß eY©bvmn wPÎ AuvK| 2 cÖwZwU †Kv‡Yi wecixZ evûI mgvb
L. A, C †hvM Ki| cÖgvY Ki †h, ACD mgevû| 4 A_©vr CD = AD = AC
M. e„‡Ë mgevû ACD AšÍwj©wLZ n‡j †`LvI †h,  ACD GKwU mgevû wÎfzR| (cÖgvwYZ)
wÎfzRwUi kxl©we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K¸‡jv Aci GKwU mgevû M.
wÎfzR MVb K‡i| 4 A Q
P
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  
O
K. D C

A
O R
†K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ADC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR|
O
B
A, D I C we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g PQ, PR Ges RQ ¯úk©K|
D C ¯úk©KÎq PQR wÎfzR MVb K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PQR
wP‡Î, AB GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vm Ges BC e„‡Ëi e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb GKwU mgevû wÎfzR|
GKwU R¨v| e„ËwUi †K›`ª O| e„‡Ëi A I C we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z cÖgvY :
¯úk©KØq D we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
(1) mgevû ADC-G,
L. A, C †hvM Kivq ACD wÎfzR Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e
†h, ACD mgevû| ADC = DCA = DAC = 60
e„‡Ëi A we›`y‡Z PQ ¯úk©K Ges AD ¯úk©we›`yMvgx R¨v|
A  PAD = GKvšÍi e„Ëvsk¯’ ACD = 60
O
(2) D we›`y‡Z PR ¯úk©K Ges DA ¯úk©we›`yMvgx R¨v|
B  PDA = GKvšÍi e„Ëvsk¯’ ACD = 60
D C (3) PAD-G, P + PAD + PDA = 180
A¼b : O, C †hvM Kwi| [ wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
cÖgvY: ev, P + 60 + 60 = 180
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
 P = 60
(1) OBC-G,
[GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©] (4) QAC n‡Z cÖgvY Kiv hvq, Q = 60
OB = OC
Ges BC = OB [†`Iqv Av‡Q R¨v BC Ges RDC n‡Z cÖgvY Kiv hvq, R = 60
 OB = BC = OC e„ËwUi e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb] GLb PQR-G P = Q = R = 60
A_©vr OBC mgevû| AZGe, PQR mgevû wÎfzR| (cÖgvwYZ)
OBC = OCB = BOC = 60
œ 6  A I B †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq ci¯úi‡K C we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q|
mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖk-
 ABC = 60 [
(2) A we›`y‡Z AD GKwU ¯úk©K Ges cÖwZwU †KvY 60] K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i wPÎ AuvK| 2
AC ¯úk© we›`yMvgx R¨v| L. C we›`yMvgx mij‡iLv e„Ë `yBwU‡Z h_vµ‡g P I Q
 DAC = ABC we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, AP || BQ 4
[GKvšÍi e„Ëvsk †KvY
 DAC = 60 M. cÖgvY Ki †h, D³ e„Ë؇qi †K‡›`ªi `~iZ¡ n‡e
(3) D we›`y n‡Z AD Ges DC
e‡j]
Zv‡`i e¨vmva©Ø‡qi mgwó ev Zv‡`i e¨vmva©Ø‡qi
e„‡Ëi `ywU ¯úk©K e‡j AD = DC AšÍ‡ii mgvb| 4
myZivs ADC-G AD = DC  6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 ACD = DAC = 60 [ wÎfz‡Ri mgvb
mgvb evûi wecixZ K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i wPÎ AuvKv n‡jv|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  330
P AB = AC + BC

A B B  e„Ë؇qi †K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ = Zv‡`i e¨vmv‡a©i mgwó|

 

Avevi, AšÍt¯ú‡k©i †ÿ‡Î, (wPÎ-L)



C A C

Q Q AB = AC − BC
P
wPÎ-1
wPÎ-2 A_©vr e„Ë؇qi †K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ = Zv‡`i e¨vmva©Ø‡qi AšÍi| (cÖgvwYZ)
L. C we›`y w`‡q Aw¼Z PQ mij‡iLv e„Ë `ywU‡K P I Q we›`y‡Z cÖk- œ 7  A I B †K›`ªwewkó `ywU e„Ë ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z ewnt¯úk©
†Q` K‡i‡Q| A, P Ges B, Q †hvM Kiv n‡jv| K‡i‡Q|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AP || BQ
P K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i, e„Ë `ywUi wPÎ AuvK| 2
B
L. cÖ gvY Ki †h, A, O Ges B we›`y wZbwU mg‡iL| 4
A B
C A C M. Dch©y³ e„Ë `ywU GK‡Kw›`ªK n‡j Ges e„nËi e„ËwUi
Q Q †Kv‡bv R¨v ¶z`ªZi e„ËwU‡K ¯úk© Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki
P
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 †h, D³ R¨v ¯úk© we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÊZ nq| 4
A¼b : A, C; B, C †hvM Kwi|  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
cÖgvY : avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) A †Kw›`ªK I B †Kw›`ªK e„ËØq K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i, e„Ë `ywUi wPÎ AuvKv n‡jv|
P
ci¯úi‡K C we›`y‡Z ¯úk©
K‡i‡Q|
O
 A, B, C mg‡iL| [ `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi ¯úk©
A

B


Ki‡j, Zv‡`i †K›`ªØq I ¯úk©

we›`y mg‡iL nq]
(2) GLb PAC-G, AP = AC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©] Q
 ACP = APC [ wÎfz ‡ Ri mgvb mgvb L. cvV¨ eB‡qi Dccv`¨-11 †`L|
evû؇qi wecixZ †KvYØq
M. we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC I PQR e„Ë `ywUi †K›`ª O
ci¯úi mgvb]
Ges ABC e„ËwU e„nËi| ABC e„‡Ëi AB R¨v PQR e„ˇK P
Z`ªæc, BCQ = BQC [wPÎ-1 Gi †ÿ‡Î mvaviY
we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB R¨vwU ¯úk©we›`y
†KvY Ges wPÎ-2 Gi †ÿ‡Î
P †Z mgwØLwÊZ n‡q‡Q|
wecÖZxc †KvY]
(3) myZivs, ACP = BCQ C
[ ACP = APC Ges
ev, APC = BQC BCQ = BQC]
R

O Q
[wKš‘ Giv wPÎ-1 Gi A B
 AP || BQ (cÖgvwYZ) †ÿ‡Î Abyiƒc Ges wPÎ- P

2Gi †ÿ‡Î GKvšÍi †KvY A¼b : O, P †hvM Kwi|

hv‡`i †Q`K PQ] cÖgvY :
M. avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) O †K›`ªwewkó PQR e„‡Ëi
P we›`y‡Z AB ¯úk©K Ges
A C B

C


AB OP ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©| [A¼bvbymv‡i]

 OP ⊥ AB [ e„ ‡ Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y ‡Z Aw¼Z
wPÎ-K wPÎ-L ¯úk©K ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i
A Ges B †K›`ªwewkó `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K C we›`y‡Z ¯úk©
Ici j¤^]
(AšÍ:¯úk©, wPÎ-K Ges ewn:¯úk© wPÎ-L) K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ewnt¯ú‡k©i †ÿ‡Î, Zv‡`i †K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ = (2) O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi
[1bs n‡Z]
Zv‡`i e¨vmv‡a©i mgwó Ges AšÍt¯ú‡k©i †ÿ‡Î, Zv‡`i AB R¨v‡qi Ici OP j¤^|
[e„‡Ëi †K›`ª n‡Z †Kv‡bv
†K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ = Zv‡`i e¨vmva©Ø‡qi AšÍi|  AP = BP
R¨v‡qi Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ H
A¼b : A, C Ges B, C †hvM Kwi|  P, AB R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y|
cÖgvY : Avgiv Rvwb, `ywU e„Ë ci¯úi ¯úk© Ki‡j Zv‡`i †K›`ªØq I R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
[cÖgvwYZ]
¯úk©we›`y mg‡iL nq|
GLb, †h‡nZz A I B †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq C we›`y‡Z ¯úk©
K‡i‡Q †m‡nZz A, B I C we›`y mg‡iL n‡e|
 ewnt¯ú‡k©i †ÿ‡Î, (wPÎ-K)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  331

wbe©vwPZ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 8  O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi P GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y Ges PA K‡i‡Q| O, P Ges A, B †hvM Kwi| AB ¯úk© R¨v| OP, AB †K E
cÖk-
I PB †iLvØq e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K| we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OP, AB-Gi j¤^wØLÊK|
K. mswÿß weeiYmn Dc‡ii Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wPÎ AuvK| 2 A
C
L. †`LvI †h, PA = PB 4 E
M. A, B Ges O, P †hvM Ki| cÖgvY Ki †h, OP ¯úk© P O

R¨v AB Gi j¤^wØLÊK| 4
 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  B
A¼Y : O, A Ges O, B †hvM Kwi|
K. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi P GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y cÖgvY :
Ges PA I PB iwk¥Øq e„‡Ëi A I B we›`y‡Z `yBwU ¯úk©K| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
B
(1) †h‡nZz OA Ges OB DfqB ¯úk©
P .O
we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©| [PA I PB, A I B
myZivs OAP = GK mg‡KvY we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K]
C
A
Ges OBP = GK mg‡KvY
L. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi P GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y mg‡KvYx PAO I mg‡KvYx
Ges PA I PB iwk¥Øq e„‡Ëi A I B we›`y‡Z `yBwU ¯úk©K| PBO-Gi g‡a¨ PA = PB [ewnt¯’ we›`y n‡Z
†`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, PA = PB| ¯úk©KØq mgvb]
B
OA = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
[AwZfzR-evû
P O  PAO  PBO
 POA = POB
me©mgZv Dccv`¨]
C
A
(2) GLb OAE I OBE-Gi g‡a¨
A¼b : O, A; O, B Ges O, P †hvM Kwi| OA = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
cÖgvY : Ges OE = OE [mvaviY evû]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv Ges AšÍf©y³ AOE = AšÍf©y³
(1) †h‡nZz PA ¯úk©K Ges OA BOE [evû-†KvY-evû
¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©, AZGe, OAE  OBE Dccv`¨]
†m‡nZz PA ⊥ OA [¯úk©K ¯úk©we›`yMvgx
 AE = BE
 PAO = GK mg‡KvY| e¨vmv‡a©i Ici j¤^]
Ges AEO = BEO
Abyiƒ‡c PBO = mg‡KvY
wKš‘ †KvYØq mwbœwnZ e‡j cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK mg‡KvY|
PAO Ges PBO DfqB mg‡KvYx wÎfzR|
(2) GLb, PAO I PBO myZivs OE, AB-Gi j¤^wØLÊK|
mg‡KvYx wÎfzR؇q A_©vr OP, AB-Gi j¤^wØLÊK| (cÖgvwYZ)
AwZfzR PO = AwZfzR PO
Ges OA = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
 PAO  PBO [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri
 PA = PB (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) AwZfzR-evû me©mgZv]
[Link]‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges P ewnt¯’
we›`y| P n‡Z Aw¼Z PA I PB ¯úk©K e„ˇK A I B we›`y‡Z ¯úk©

m„R bkxj cÖk œe¨vsK DËimn

B
œ 9
cÖk-
 .
P O
C

A
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  332
wP‡Î O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„Ë Ges P Zvi ewnt¯’ GKwU we›`y| M. †`LvI †h, e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y w`‡q H we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i Ici
K. ¯úk©K Kv‡K e‡j? mij mvaviY ¯úk©K wPÎ Gu‡K †`LvI| 2 Aw¼Z j¤^ D³ we›`y‡Z e„ËwUi ¯úk©K nq| 4
L. †`LvI †h, ¯úk© we›`y‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ †K›`ªMvgx| 4 DËi : (L) Dccv`¨-9 Gi Abywm×všÍ-2 Gi Abyiƒc|
(M) Dccv`¨-9 Gi Abywm×všÍ-3 Gi Abyiƒc|

A b yk xj b x 8 .5
cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`
 e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K A¼b
Avgiv †R‡bwQ †h, e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq bv| we›`ywU hw` e„‡Ëi Ici _v‡K Zvn‡j D³
we›`y‡Z e„‡Ëi GKwUgvÎ ¯úk©K A¼b Kiv hvq| ¯úk©KwU ewY©Z we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z e¨vmv‡a©i Ici j¤^ nq| myZivs, e„Ëw¯’Z †Kv‡bv
we›`y‡Z e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K A¼b Ki‡Z n‡j ewY©Z we›`y‡Z e¨vmva© A¼b K‡i e¨vmv‡a©i Ici j¤^ AuvK‡Z n‡e| Avevi we›`ywU e„‡Ëi
evB‡i Aew¯’Z n‡j Zv †_‡K e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvKv hv‡e|

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

1 wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
i. e„‡Ë ¯úk©K ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i Ici j¤^
ii. Aa©e„˯’ †KvY GK mg‡KvY
iii. e„‡Ëi mKj mgvb R¨v †K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x
P
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? D
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii  i, ii I iii
A g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó MNP GKwU e„Ë Ges AB GKwU wbw`©ó
mij‡iLv| G e„‡Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e †hb Zv AB Gi

O mgvšÍivj nq|
B
A¼b :
C
D (1) O n‡Z AB Gi Ici OD j¤^ AuvwK| OD j¤^ e„‡Ëi cwiwa‡K
Ic‡ii wPÎ Abyhvqx 2 I 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : P we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(2) GLb P we›`y‡Z PQ ¯úk©K AuvwK|
2 BOD Gi cwigvY n‡eÑ (3) QP †K S ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi| Zvn‡j SQ-B DwÏó ¯úk©K|
1
K. 2BAC
1
L. 2BAD cÖgvY :
A¼bvbymv‡i OD, AB Gi Ici j¤^|
M. 2BAC  2BAD  D = GK mg‡KvY|
e¨vL¨v : Avgiv Rvwb, e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„˯’ Avevi, PQ, OP Gi P we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K nIqvq,
†Kv‡Yi wظY|  BOD = 2BAD OPQ = GK mg‡KvY|
3 e„ËwU ABC wÎfy‡RiÑ AZGe, D = OPQ
wKšÍz †KvY `yBwU Abyiƒc Ges OPD GKB mij‡iLv|
K. AšÍe©„Ë  cwie„Ë
myZivs PQ  AB
M. ewnte„Ë N Dce„Ë A_©vr SQ  AB
4 †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AwaPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †KvYÑ  SQ wb‡Y©q ¯úk©K| [cÖgvwYZ]
 m~²‡KvY L. mg‡KvY cÖkœ \ 6 \ †Kv‡bv e„‡Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv wbw`©ó
M. ¯’~j †KvY N c~iK‡KvY mij‡iLvi Dci j¤^ nq|
cÖkœ \ 5 \ †Kv‡bv e„‡Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv wbw`©ó mgvavb :
mij‡iLvi mgvšÍivj nq|
mgvavb :
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  333
Q
D

O
P R

A E C B
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó PQR GKwU e„Ë Ges AB g‡b Kwi, ABC wÎfz‡Ri BC = 4·5 †[Link]., AC = 3 †[Link]. Ges
GKwU wbw`©ó mij‡iLv| G e„‡Ë Ggb ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e †hb Zv AB = 4 †[Link].| ABC wÎfz‡Ri cwie„Ë A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e|
AB Gi Ici j¤^ nq| A¼b :
A¼b : (1) AB I AC evûi j¤^wØLÊK h_vµ‡g EM I FN †iLvsk AuvwK|
(1) AB Gi Dci E GKwU we›`y wbB| O, E †hvM Kwi| Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A, O ; B, O Ges C , O †hvM
(2) O we›`y w`‡q AB Gi mgvšÍivj POR Uvwb| POR e„‡Ëi Kwi|
cwiwa‡K R we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(2) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q e„Ë AuvwK| Zvn‡j,
(3) GLb, R we›`y‡Z CD ¯úk©K AuvwK| Zvn‡j CD-B DwÏó ¯úk©K|
GB e„ËB wb‡Y©q e„Ë|
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, PR  AB
cÖgvY : O we›`ywU AB Gi j¤^wØLʇKi Ici Aew¯’Z|
 PRC = RCB [ GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j ]
wKšÍz, CR ¯úk©K nIqvq, PRC = GK mg‡KvY  OA = OB
myZivs, RCB = GK mg‡KvY| GKBfv‡e, OA = OC
 RC, AB Gi Ici j¤^|  OA = OB = OC
AZGe, RC ev CD-B DwÏó ¯úk©K| [cÖgvwYZ] myZivs O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q Aw¼Z e„ËwU A,
cÖkœ \ 7 \ †Kv‡bv e„‡Ë Ggb `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv‡`i AšÍfz©³ B I C we›`y w`‡q hv‡e| AZGe, GB e„ËwUB ABC Gi cwie„Ë|
†KvY 60 nq| e¨vmva© wbY©q : A n‡Z BC Gi Ici AD j¤^ AuvwK| AD, BC †K D
mgvavb : we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
ABC Gi cwimxgv,
A
Q 2S = AB + BC + CA = 4 + 4·5 + 3 = 115 †[Link].
11.5
60  S =
2
†[Link]. = 5·75 †[Link].
R O
60 P C
 ABC Gi †¶Îdj
B
= S (S – a ) (S – b) (S – c)
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó PQR GKwU e„Ë| G e„‡Ë Ggb `yBwU = 5.75(5.75 − 4.5)(5.75 − 3)(5.75 − 4)
¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e †hb G‡`i AšÍfz©³ †KvY 60 nq| = 5.75  1.25  2.75  1.75
A¼b : = 5·88 eM© †[Link].
(1) cwiwai Ici P GKwU we›`y| O, P †hvM Kwi Ges ewa©Z Kwi| 1
Avevi, ABC Gi †¶Îdj = 2  BC  AD
(2) OP Gi Dfq cv‡k¦© 60 `ywU †KvY AuvwK| g‡b Kwi †Kv‡Yi evû
1
`yBwU e„ˇK A I B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A we›`y‡Z GKwU j¤^   4·5  AD = 5·88
2
AuvwK| j¤^wU OP Gi ewa©Zvsk‡K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|  AD = 261 †[Link].
(3) C, B †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j AC I BC-B DwÏó ¯úk©K|
wKšÍz, †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB evûi AšÍM©Z AvqZ‡¶Î, Zvi
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, AOC = 60
cwie„‡Ëi e¨vm H evû؇qi mvaviY kxl© n‡Z f‚wgi Ici Aw¼Z
OAC = 90
myZivs, AOC G, ACO = 30 j‡¤^i AšÍM©Z AvqZ‡¶‡Îi mgvb (eªþ¸‡ßi Dccv`¨)|
GKB Kvi‡Y OBC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R, BCO = 30  AB  AC = 2R  AD [awi, e¨vmva© OA = R †[Link].]
AZGe, ACB = ACO + BCO [ e¨vm = 2R †[Link].]
= 30 + 30 = 60 ev, 4  3 = 2R  261  R = 23
myZivs, AC I BC ¯úk©‡Ki AšÍfz©³ †KvY 60| [cÖgvwYZ] AZGe, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 23 †[Link].|
cÖkœ \ 9 \ 5 †[Link]. evûwewkó GKwU mgevû wÎfzR ABC Gi AC
cÖkœ \ 8 \ 3 †[Link]., 4 †[Link]., 4·5 †[Link]. evûwewkó GKwU wÎfz‡Ri evû‡K ¯úk© Kwi‡q GKwU ewne„©Ë AuvK|
cwie„Ë AuvK Ges GB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© wbY©q Ki| mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : 5 †[Link]. evûwewkó GKwU mgevû wÎfzR
mgvavb : ABC-Gi AC evû‡K ¯úk© Kwi‡q GKwU ewne„©Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  334
F myZivs O we›`y n‡Z AB, BC, CD, DA evûi `~iZ¡ mgvb| myZivs O
†K †K›`ª K‡i OE e¨vmva© wb‡q e„Ë AuvK‡j e„ËwU AB, BC, CD, DA
L M evû ¯úk© Ki‡e|
A
AZGe, EFGH-B wb‡Y©q AšÍe„©Ë|
N
E Avevi, e‡M©i KY©Øq mgvb Ges Zviv ci¯úi‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
H myZivs, OA = OB = OC = OD
B
myZivs, O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA e¨vmva© wb‡q Aw¼Z e„Ë A, B, C, D
C G D we›`y w`‡q hvq|
g‡b Kwi ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR Ges cÖwZwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 5 AZGe, ABCD-B wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë|
†[Link].| Gi AC evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i GKwU ewne„©Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| cÖkœ \ 11 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri mgvb evûØq‡K e¨vm
A¼b : a‡i `yBwU e„Ë A¼b Ki‡j, Zviv f‚wgi ga¨we›`y‡K ci¯úi †Q`
(1) BC I BA evû‡K h_vµ‡g D I F ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi|
K‡i|
(2) DCA Ges FAC Gi mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g CM I AN †iLv
mgvavb :
AuvwK| Zviv E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(3)  †_‡K AC Gi Ici EH j¤^ AuvwK| EH, AC †K  we›`y‡Z A
†Q` K‡i|
(4) E-†K †K›`ª K‡i EH e¨mva© wb‡q e„Ë AuvwK|
Zvn‡j, GB e„ËB wb‡Y©q e„Ë n‡e|
cÖgvY : E n‡Z BD I BF Gi Ici h_vµ‡g EG I EL j¤^ Uvwb|
g‡b Kwi, j¤^Øq †iLvskØq‡K h_vµ‡g G I L we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| B C
E we›`ywU DAC-Gi mgwØLʇKi Ici Aew¯’Z| D
 EH = EG g‡b Kwi, ABC mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri AB = AC Ges BC f‚wg| AB I
GKBfv‡e, EH = EL AC †K e¨vm a‡i `ywU e„Ë A¼b Ki‡j e„Ë `yBwU BC †K D we›`y‡Z
myZivs E †K †K›`ª K‡i EH-Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q Aw¼Z e„Ë H, †Q` K‡i|
G Ges L we›`y w`‡q hv‡e| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, D, BC Gi ga¨we›`y|
Avevi, EH, EG I EL Gi cÖvšÍwe›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g CA, CD Ges AF A¼b : A, D †hvM Kwi|
†iLvsk wZbwU j¤^| cÖgvY :
myZivs e„ËwU †iLvsk wZbwU‡K h_vµ‡g H, G I L we›`y wZbwU‡Z avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
¯úk© K‡i| (1) AB I AC e„‡Ëi e¨vm nIqvq,
AZGe, HGL e„ËwUB wb‡Y©q ewne„©Ë| ADB = ADC = GK mg‡KvY [KviY Aa©e„˯’
cÖkœ \ 10 \ GKwU e‡M©i AšÍe„©Ë I cwie„Ë AuvK| †KvY mg‡KvY]
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : GKwU e‡M©i AšÍe„©Ë I cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z (2) ADC I ADB mg‡KvYx wÎfzR `ywUi g‡a¨
n‡e| AwZfzR AC = AwZfzR AB ;
D G C
AD = AD [mvaviY evû]
 ADC  ABD [AwZfzR-evû
me©mgZv Dccv`¨]
O
H F  CD = BD
A_©vr D, BC Gi ga¨we›`y| [cÖgvwYZ]
A E B cÖkœ \ 12 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfz‡Ri ga¨we›`y I
wecixZ kx‡l©i ms‡hvRK †iLvsk AwZfy‡Ri A‡a©K|
g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU eM©| ABCD e‡M©i AšÍe„©Ë I cwie„Ë mgvavb :
AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b : A
(1) A, C Ges B, D †hvM Kwi| AC I BD KY©Øq ci¯úi‡K O O
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(2) O n‡Z AB Gi Ici OE j¤^ Uvwb| B C
(3) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OE Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK|
e„ËwU AB, BC, CD I DA evû‡K h_vµ‡g E, F, G I H g‡b Kwi, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfyR| Gi B = GK mg‡KvY Ges
we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i| Zvn‡j EFGH-B wb‡Y©q AšÍe„©Ë| AC AwZfzR|
Avevi O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| GLv‡b O, AC AwZfz‡Ri ga¨we›`y I BO wecixZ kx‡l©i ms‡hvRK
GB e„Ë ABCD e‡M©i wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë| †iLvsk|
cÖgvY : e‡M©i KY© †KvY¸‡jv‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BO = AC
1
2
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  335
A¼b : O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA A_ev OC Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q g‡b Kwi, ABDC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges AB I CD `yBwU mgvšÍivj R¨v|
GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, Pvc AC = Pvc BD
cÖgvY : A¼b : B, C †hvM Kwi|
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv cÖgvY :
(1) †h‡nZz AC e„‡Ëi e¨vm Ges ABC = GK avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
mg‡KvY| (1) AB  CD Ges BC †Q`K,
myZivs, A, B, C kxl©we›`y wZbwU e„˯’ n‡e| ABC = BCD [GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j]
A_©vr A, B, C e„‡Ëi cwiwai Ici wZbwU (2) GLb, AC Pv‡ci Ici Aew¯’Z e„˯’
we›`y| ABC Ges BD Pv‡ci Ici Aew¯’Z
(2) O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª nIqvq OB = OC = OA [GKB e„‡Ëi e„˯’ BCD e„˯’ †KvY `yBwU
GLb, AO + OC = AC e¨vmva© e‡j] mgvb nIqvq Pvc `yBwUI mgvb|
ev, OB + OB = AC AZGe, Pvc AC = Pvc BD [cÖgvwYZ]
ev, 2OB = AC cÖkœ \ 15 \ O †K›`ªwewkó †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AB I CD R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi
1
 OB =
2
AC [cÖgvwYZ] Af¨šÍi¯’ E we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, AEC =
1
cÖkœ \ 13 \ ABC GKwU wÎfzR| AB †K e¨vm wb‡q Aw¼Z e„Ë hw` 2 (BOD + AOC)
BC evû‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, AC evny‡K e¨vm mgvavb :
wb‡q Aw¼Z e„ËI D we›`y w`‡q hv‡e| D
mgvavb :
A
O
O O

A E B
B D C
C
g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU wÎfzR| AB †K e¨vm wb‡q e„Ë A¼b Ki‡j
Dnv BC †K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AC evû‡K g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ACBD e„‡Ëi AB I CD R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi
e¨vm wb‡q Aw¼Z e„Ë D we›`y w`‡q hv‡e| Af¨šÍi¯’ E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| O, A; O, C; O, B Ges O, D
A¼b : A, D †hvM Kwi| †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
cÖgvY : 1
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AEC = 2 (BOD + AOC)
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) AB e¨vm nIqvq, ADB = 1 mg‡KvY [Aa©e„˯’ †KvY A¼b : A, D †hvM Kwi|
GK mg‡KvY] cÖgvY :
(2) B, D, C mg‡iL nIqvq, avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
ADB + ADC = GK mij‡KvY
(1) AC Pv‡ci Ici †K›`ª¯’ AOC
ev, 1 mg‡KvY + ADC = 2 mg‡KvY Ges e„˯’ ADC
ev, ADC = 2 mg‡KvY -1 mg‡KvY myZivs AOC = 2 ADC  (i) [e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci
= 1 mg‡KvY (2) Avevi, BD Pv‡ci Ici Aew¯’Z Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’
(3) GLb, A, D, C we›`y wZbwU e„˯’| O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª¯’ BOD Ges e„˯’ †KvY e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi
BAD wظY]
†K›`ª nIqvq,
AOC = 2 ADC
[GKB]
 BOD = 2BAD  (ii)
ev, AOC = 2  1 mg‡KvY (3) mgxKiY (i) Ges (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
ev, AOC = 2 mg‡KvY AZGe, 2 ADC + 2BAD =
ev, AOC = 1 mij‡KvY AOC + BOD
AZGe, A, O, C mg‡iL Ges AC e„‡Ëi e¨vm| ev, 2 (ADC + BAD) =
 AC evny‡K e¨vm wb‡q Aw¼Z e„Ë D we›`y w`‡q hv‡e| [cÖgvwYZ] (BOD + AOC)
cÖkœ
\ 14 \ AB I CD GKB e„‡Ë `yBwU mgvšÍivj R¨v| cÖgvY Ki ev, ADC + BAD =
†h,Pvc AC = Pvc BD 1
(BOD + AOC)
mgvavb : 2
(4) wKšÍz AED G ewnt¯’ AEC =
A B ADE + DAE = ADC + [wÎfy‡Ri †Kv‡bv ewn¯’
BAD †KvY Gi AšÍt¯’
O wecixZ †KvY؇qi
C D mgwói mgvb]
1
AZGe, AEC = 2 (BOD + AOC) [cÖgvwYZ]
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  336
cÖkœ \ 16 \ `yBwU mgvb e¨vmwewkó e„‡Ëi mvaviY R¨v AB| B we›`y
w`‡q Aw¼Z †Kv‡bv mij‡iLv hw` e„Ë `yBwUi mv‡_ P I Q we›`y‡Z
wgwjZ nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, PAQ mgwØevû| O
mgvavb : 10 cm

A B
A D

M N cÖgvY :
avcmg~n :
P Q
(1) ODA = ODB = GKmg‡KvY [ OD⊥AB]
B
AZGe, ODA I ODB DfqB mg‡KvYx wÎfyR|
g‡b Kwi, `yBwU mgvb e¨vmwewkó e„‡Ëi mvaviY R¨v AB| e„Ë (2) ODA I ODB mg‡KvYx wÎfyR؇qi g‡a¨
`yBwUi †K›`ª M I N| AwZfyR OA = AwZfyR OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
B we›`y w`‡q Aw¼Z mij‡iLv e„Ë `yBwU‡K P I Q we›`y‡Z †Q` Ges OD = OD [mvaviY evû]
K‡i‡Q| A, P Ges A, Q †hvM Kiv n‡jv| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,  ODA  ODB [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR-evû
PAQ mgwØevû|
me©mgZv Dccv`¨]
cÖgvY : AZGe, AD = BD
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv A_©vr D, AB Gi ga¨we›`y| [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]
(1) AB Dfq e„‡Ëi mvaviY x x
R¨v| myZivs AB Pv‡ci (M) ODB G, OB = 10cm, DB = 2 Ges OD = 2 − 2
Dci M †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi GLb, mg‡KvYx ODB-G
e„˯’ APB DB2 + OD2 = OB2
(2) Avevi, N †K›`ªwewkó x
2
x
2

e„‡Ëi e„˯’ AQB ev,() ( )

2
+ 2
− 2 = (10)2
 APB = AQB [mgvb ev GKB Pvc GKB e„‡Ë x2 x
2
x
ev mgvb mgvb e¨vmwewkó e„‡Ë
mgvb mgvb e„˯’ †KvY Drcbœ
()
ev, 4 + 2 − 2  2  2 + (2) = 100
2

x2 x2
K‡i] ev, 4 + 4 − 2x + 4 = 100
ev, APQ = AQP
 AP = AQ [wÎfz‡Ri mgvb mgvb †Kv‡Yi 2x2
ev, 4 − 2x + 4 = 100
wecixZ evûØq mgvb]
x2
GLb APQ G, ev, 2 − 2x + 4 = 100
AP = AQ nIqvq, APQ mgwØevû| [cÖgvwYZ]
ev, x2 − 4x + 8 = 200 [Dfq cÿ‡K 2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
cÖkœ \ 17 \ O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë R¨v AB = x †[Link]., OD ⊥ AB ev, x2 − 4x + 8 − 200 = 0
cv‡ki wPÎ Abyhvqx wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : ev, x2 − 4x − 192 = 0
K. e„ËwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| ev, x2 − 16x + 12x − 192 = 0
L. †`LvI †h, D, AB Gi ga¨we›`y| ev, x(x − 16) + 12 (x −16) = 0
x ev, (x −16) (x + 12) = 0
( )
M. OD = 2 − 2 †[Link]. n‡j x Gi gvb nq x − 16 = 0 A_ev, x + 12 = 0
wbY©q Ki| ev, x = 16 ev, x = − 12 [Bnv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq]
mgvavb : †`Iqv Av‡Q, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë wb‡Y©q e„‡Ëi R¨v Gi ˆ`N©¨ x = 16 †[Link].
R¨v AB = x †[Link]. Ges OD⊥AB cÖkœ \ 18 \ GKwU wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 4 †[Link]., 5
(K) e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, r = OB = 10cm †[Link]. I 6 †[Link].|
 e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = r2 = 31416  (10)2 Ic‡ii Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb‡gœi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
= 31416  100 = 31416 K. wÎfyRwU A¼b Ki|
wb‡Y©q †ÿÎdj 31416 eM© †[Link]. L. wÎfyRwUi cwie„Ë A¼b Ki|
(L) we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë AB Ggb M. wÎfy‡Ri cwie„‡Ëi evwn‡i †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y †_‡K
GKwU R¨v OD ⊥ AB †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, D, AB Gi ga¨we›`y| e„‡Ëi `yBwU ¯úk©K A¼b K‡i †`LvI †h ¯úk©K؇qi `~iZ¡
A¼b : O, A †hvM Kwi| mgvb nq|
mgvavb :
(K)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  337
6 †[Link]. A (3) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK|
a
b 5 †[Link]. c b Zvn‡j, e„ËwU A, B I C we›`yMvgx n‡e Ges GB e„ËwUB
4 †[Link].
c
B a C D
ABC Gi wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë|
wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU evû a = 6 †[Link]., b = 5 †[Link]. Ges c = 4 (M) g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC GKwU cwie„Ë| e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’
†[Link]. †`Iqv Av‡Q, wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| P GKwU we›`y Ges PA I PD iwk¥Øq e„‡Ëi A I D we›`y‡Z
A¼b : `yBwU ¯úk©K| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, PA = PD
A
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv †iLvsk BD †bB|
(2) BD †iLvsk †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i BC Ask †K‡U †bB| E F
(3) GLb B †K †K›`ª K‡i c Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BC †iLvi P
GKcv‡k GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| Avevi, C †K †K›`ª K‡i b B O
M
C
N
Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BC †iLvi †h cv‡k Av‡Mi
e„ËPvcwU AuvKv n‡q‡Q †m cv‡k e„ËPvcwU AuvwK| e„ËPvc D
`yBwU ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A¼b : O, D I O, P †hvM Kwi|
(4) A, B I A, C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR| cÖgvY :
(L) avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
A
(1) †h‡nZz PA ¯úk©K Ges OA ¯úk©we›`yMvgx
e¨vmva© †m‡nZz PA ⊥ OA [e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z
E F
 PAO = GK mg‡KvY Aw¼Z ¯úk©K,
Abyiƒ‡c, PDO = GK mg‡KvY ¯úk© w e›`y Mvgx e¨vmv‡a©i
B C
O M  PAO Ges PDO DfqB mv‡_ j¤^|]
N
mg‡KvYx wÎfyR|
(2) PAO I PDO mg‡KvYx
ABC wÎfy‡Ri cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| A_©vr Ggb GKwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z wÎfyR؇q
n‡e, hv wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU kxl©we›`y A, B I C we›`y w`‡q hvq| AwZfyR PO = AwZfyR PO
A¼b : Ges OA = OD
(1) AB I AC †iLvs‡ki j¤^ mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g EM I FN  PAO  PDO [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
†iLvsk AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|  PA = PD [AwZfyR-evû-Dccv`¨]
(2) A, O †hvM Kwi| A_©vr e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K ¯úk©K؇qi `~iZ¡ mgvb|
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

85 : e„Ë m¤úK©xq m¤úv`¨ 7. GKwU wÎfzR ABC Gi cwie„Ë AuvKv n‡j Zv KqwU kxl©we›`y
w`‡q hvq? (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K1 L2 3 N4
8. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri AšÍe„©‡Ëi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
1. ¯úk© we›`ywU e„‡Ëi †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? (mnR)
K wÎfzRwU e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i Aew¯’Z
K e„‡Ëi evB‡i L e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i
 e„ËwU wÎfz‡Ri wfZ‡i Aew¯’Z
 cwiwai Ici N cwiwai wb‡P
M e„ËwU wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i
2. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z KqwU ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq? (mnR)
N †K›`ª n‡Z wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`yi `~iZ¡ mgvb
1 L2 M3 N4
3. e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ GKwU we›`y †_‡K H e„‡Ë KqwU ¯úk©K AuvKv hv‡e? (mnR) 9. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri KqwU ewne„©Ë AuvKv hvq? (mnR)
K1 2 M3 N4 K1 L2 3 N4
4. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi PA ¯úk©K n‡j PAO Gi cwigvc KZ? (ga¨g) 10. †Kv‡bv e‡M©i cwie„‡Ëi e¨vm wb‡Pi †KvbwUi ˆ`‡N©¨i mgvb? (mnR)
K 60 L 65  90 N 180  e‡M©i K‡Y©i L e‡M©i we›`y
5. †Kv‡bv wÎfy‡R GKwU ewne„©Ë AuvK‡j e„ËwU KqwU evû‡K ¯úk© Ki‡e? (mnR) M K‡Y©i wظY N e‡M©i evûi wظY
1 L2 M3 N0
11. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi AšÍe„©Ë AuvKv m¤¢e? (mnR)
6. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri cwie„‡Ëi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K AvqZ L mvgvšÍwiK  eM© N UªvwcwRqvg
 e„ËwU wZbwU kxl©we›`y w`‡q hvq
L wZbwU kxl©we›`y e„‡Ëi evB‡i Aew¯’Z
12. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri ewne„©Ë H wÎfz‡Ri KqwU we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i?
(mnR)
M wZbwU kxl©we›`y e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i Aew¯’Z
1 L2 M3 N4
N e„ËwU `yBwU kxl©we›`y w`‡q hvq
13. AšÍe„©Ë A¼‡bi Rb¨ †KvbwU cÖ‡qvRb? (ga¨g)
K `yBwU evûi mgwØLÊK  `yBwU †Kv‡Yi mgwØLÊK
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  338
wZbwU †Kv‡Yi mgwØLÊK N wÎfz‡Ri fi‡K›`ª
M e¨vL¨v : E, AC Gi ga¨we›`y n‡j OE ⊥ AC  OEC = 90
14. ABC wÎfz‡Ri AB, BC Ges AC evû·qi mgwÎLÊKÎq 22. ABC = 90 n‡j e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© KZ? (ga¨g)
A¼b K‡i Kx AuvKv hvq? (mnR) K AB
1 1
L BC
1
 AC N 2AC
 cwie„Ë L AšÍe„©Ë M ewne©„Ë N i¤^m
2 2 2
 wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 23 − 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi A

15. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : O

P
i. e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K
AuvKv hvq bv C B
ii. e„‡Ëi evB‡i Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K H e„‡Ë `yBwU
D
¯úk©K AuvKv hvq 23. wP‡Î OCB m¤ú‡K© wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
iii. OA e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© n‡j AP e„‡Ëi e¨vm n‡e
K mgevû wÎfzR  mgwØevû wÎfzR
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
M welgevû wÎfzR N mg‡KvYx wÎfzR
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
24. BCD Gi mgvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
16. ABC wÎfz‡Ri- K OCB L OBC  BAC N BOC
i. 1wU AšÍe©„Ë AuvKv hv‡e 25. wP‡Î, BCD + CAP = ? (KwVb)
ii. AšÍe©„Ë evû¸‡jv‡K ¯úk© K‡i K 60  90 M 120 N 180
iii. GKwU cwie„Ë A¼b Kiv hvq  wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 26 − 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) E
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
17. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri− A
i. ewne„©Ë¸‡jv evû¸‡jv‡K ¯úk© K‡i O
ii. AšÍe„©Ë evû¸‡jv‡K ¯úk© K‡i
iii. cwie„Ë evû¸‡jv‡K ¯úk© K‡i B C D
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) ABC Gi ewne„©ËwU O †K›`ªwewkó
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 26. ABC-G AviI KqwU ewne„©Ë AuvKv hv‡e? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : wÎfz‡Ri cwie„Ë evûi kxl©we›`y w`‡q hvq| K1 2 M3 N4
e¨vL¨v : BA I BC Ici †gvU 2wU ewne©„Ë AuvKv hvq|
18. wÎfz‡Ri cwie„‡Ëi †K›`ª−
i. AwZfz‡Ri Ici _vK‡e hw` Zv mg‡KvYx wÎfzR nq
27. DCO Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
1 1 1 1
ii. wÎfz‡Ri wfZ‡i _vK‡e hw` Zv m~²‡KvYx wÎfzR nq K ABC L ACB M BAC  ACD
2 2 2 2
iii. wÎfz‡Ri evB‡i _vK‡e hw` Zv ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfzR nq e¨vL¨v : ewne„©‡Ëi A¼bvbymv‡i OC,  ACD Gi mgwØLÊK|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 28. ACB = ABC = x n‡j, OAE Gi gvb wb‡Pi
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
19. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë A we›`y‡Z AP ¯úk©K Ges AP ⊥ OA x
 x L 2x M N 3x
n‡j− 2
i. OA I OP Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY 180  wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 29 − 31 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ii. ¯úk©‡Ki Ici C GKwU we›`y n‡j GwU e„‡Ëi evB‡i Aew¯’Z O
iii. ¯úk©‡Ki Ici †h‡Kv‡bv we›`yi Rb¨ OA ¶z`ªZg|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) A D B
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
AB
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB R¨v = 16 †[Link]. Ges OD =
2
−2 ( )
29. e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© KZ †[Link].? (mnR)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 20 − 22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K6 L8  10 N 12
A e¨vL¨v : OD = 6 †[Link].  OD ⊥ AB
ZvB OB2 = OD2 + BD2 = 62 + 82 = 100
 OB = e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = 10 †[Link].|
O
B
30. e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †[Link].? (ga¨g)
C
K 31416  31416 M 32016 N 42016
O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„Ë| e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = r2 = 31416  102 = 31416 eM© †[Link].
20. ABC e„ËwU ABC Gi Kx ai‡bi e„Ë? (mnR) 31. e„‡Ëi cwiwa KZ †[Link].? (ga¨g)
K AšÍe„©Ë  cwie„Ë M ewne„©Ë N Dce„Ë K 6283  62832 M 70145 N 80456
e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2r = 2  31416  10 = 62832 †[Link].
21. AC Gi ga¨we›`y E n‡j OEC Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
K 60 L 70  90 N 180
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  339

wbe©vwPZ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

32. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri KqwU ewne„©Ë AuvKv m¤¢e? `ywU ewne„©Ë AuvKv hv‡e
iii.
K GKwU L `yBwU  wZbwU N PviwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
33. GKwU e‡M© AšÍwj©wLZ e„‡Ëi KqwU ¯úk©K Av‡Q?  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K1 L2 M3 4 39. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwi‡K›`ª−
34. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`y w`‡q Aw¼Z e„ˇK ejv nq− i. Ges AšÍ‡K›`ª GKB ii. ga¨gvi Ici Aew¯’Z
 cwie„Ë L AšÍe„Ë
iii. D”PZvi Ici Aew¯’Z
M ewne©„Ë N mge„Ë
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ki L ii I iii
Mi  i, ii I iii
35. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡R GKwU ewne©„Ë AuvK‡j e„ËwU KqwU evû‡K ¯úk©
wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 40 − 42bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
Ki‡e?
1 L2 M3 N0
O
36.
A
B D C

O DcwiD³ e„ËwUi R¨v Gi Ici cwZZ j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ Aa©-R¨v

A‡cÿv 2 †[Link]. Kg| e„ËwUi e¨vmva© 10 †[Link].|
B C
40. OC mgvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K AšÍe„©Ë  cwie„Ë M ewnte„Ë N Dce„Ë
K 6 †[Link]. L 8 †[Link]. M 5 †[Link].  10 †[Link].
37. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ mvgvšÍwiK GKwU Kx? 41. e„‡Ëi e¨vm wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
 eM©‡ÿÎ L AvqZ‡ÿÎ  20 †[Link]. L 25 †[Link]. M 30 †[Link]. N 24 †[Link].
M UªvwcwRqvg N i¤^m 42. DC mgvb KZ?
38. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡R− K 6 †[Link]. L 7 †[Link].  8 †[Link]. N 9 †[Link].
i. GKwU AšÍe©„Ë AuvKv hvq ii. GKwU cwie„Ë AuvKv hv‡e

G A a¨v‡q i c vV mg wš^Z A wZwi ³ e nyw b e©v Pwb cÖ‡ kœv Ëi

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi DcPvc Gi cwigvc Aa©e„Ë A‡cÿv †QvU
iii.
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
43. GKwU e„‡ËiÑ K i I ii L ii I iii  i I iii N i, ii I iii
i. e¨vm wfbœ †h‡Kv‡bv R¨v Gi j¤^ mgwØÊK †K›`ªMvgx 47. i. †Kv‡bv Pv‡ci wWwMÖ cwigvc PvcwUi ˆ`N©¨ wb‡`©k K‡i
ii. mgvb mgvb R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë ii. mg‡iL bq Giƒc 3wU we›`y w`‡q 1wU e„Ë AuvKv hvq
iii. e„nËi R¨v, ¶z`ªZi R¨v A‡cÿv †K‡›`ªi wbKUZi iii. 2wU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K ewnt¯úk© Ki‡j Zv‡`i 2wU mij
mvaviY ¯úk©K Av‡Q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K i I ii L ii I iii  i I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
44. Dw³¸‡jv j¶ KiÑ †Kvb wÎfy‡RÑ 48. i. e„‡Ëi DcPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY ¯’~j‡KvY
i. GKwU AšÍe©„Ë AvuKv hv‡e ii. e„˯’ eM©‡ÿ‡Îi KY© e„‡Ëi e¨vm n‡e
ii. GKwU cwie„Ë AvuKv hv‡e iii. e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e„‡Ëi GKwU ¯úk©K
iii. GKwU ewne©„Ë AvuKv hv‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
 i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : (iii) mwVK bq, KviY e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K bv]
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 49. i. e„‡Ëi e„nËg Pvc cwiwa
45. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki : ii. cÖwZwU †Q`K e„ˇK 2wU we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i
i. e„‡Ëi mgvb R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë iii. GKK e¨vmv‡a©i e„‡Ëi cwiwa 2 GKK
ii. e„‡Ëi e¨vmB e„nËg R¨v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
iii. Aa©e„˯’ †KvY GK mij †KvY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii C
O
46. i. †Kv‡bv PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØq m¤ú~iK n‡j kxl©we›`y¸‡jv
mge„Ë A
D
B
ii. mgZj¯’ †Kvb e„‡Ë 1wU mij‡iLvi m‡e©v”P 3wU †Q`we›`y i‡q‡Q cÖ`Ë wPÎ n‡Z wb‡gœi 50 I 51 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  340
50. hw` A = 45 nq, Z‡e BOD = ? 58. e„ËwU ABC wÎfy‡RiÑ
(ga¨g) (mnR)
 45 L 60 M 90 N 180 K AšÍe„©Ë  cwie„Ë
51. ABC e„‡Ë O e„ËwUi †K›`ª Ges OB = 10 †[Link]. n‡j, M ewnte„Ë N Dce„Ë
e„ËwUi †¶Îdj KZ? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ 59 - 61bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K 300.16 eM© †[Link]. L 312.16 eM© †[Link].
O
M 316.16 †[Link].  314.16 eM© †[Link].
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 52 - 54 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : A D B
O O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB e¨vm wfbœ GKwU R¨v Ges D, AB Gi ga¨we›`y|
A B
59. AD = 4 †[Link]., OA = 5 †[Link]. n‡j, BD = KZ? (ga¨g)
C K 3 †[Link].  4 †[Link]. M 5 †[Link]. N 6 †[Link].
52. OC ⊥ AB n‡j, OA = 4 †[Link]., OC = 3 †[Link]., n‡j, AB 60. AD = 4 †m. wg, OA = 5 †m. wg OD = KZ ? (ga¨g)
= KZ? (KwVb)  3 †m. wg. L 4 †m. wg. M 5 †m. wg. N 6 †m. wg.
K 25 †[Link]. L 7 †[Link]. M 7 †[Link].  2 7 †[Link]. 61. AOD = 50 n‡j BOD †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
53. OB = 4 n‡j, e„‡Ëi e¨vm KZ? (ga¨g) K 40 L 45  50 N 60
 8 †[Link]. L 5 †[Link]. wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 62 Ñ 64bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M 25 †[Link]. N 16 †[Link]. A D
O
54. OAB = 50 n‡j, AB Pv‡ci Dci †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi gvb 5


KZ? (ga¨g) P M Q
N
 80 L 50 M 260 N 100
wb‡Pi Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ 55 I 56 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : O †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi OM = 5 †mw›UwgUvi Ges PQ R¨v Gi ˆ`N©¨ 24
B †mw›UwgUvi| OM ⊥ PQ.
r 62. PM Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †mw›UwgUvi? (mnR)
A C K 11  12 M 13 N 19
D r
63. e„‡Ëi e¨vmv‡a©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ †mw›UwgUvi? (mnR)
55. ABC Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ S n‡j, e„ËwUi cwiwa KZ? (mnR) K 11 L 12  13 N 14
S 64. MN-Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (ga¨g)
K 4S  2S MS N K5 L6 M7 8
2
56. BD = 3 †[Link]. n‡j, AC = KZ †[Link]. n‡e? (ga¨g) O
B
A
K 3 †[Link].  6 †[Link]. M 9 †[Link]. N 12 †[Link].
C D
wb‡Pi wPÎ Abyhvqx 57 I 58 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: E

A wP‡Îi AB = 16 †[Link]. Ges OE = 4 †[Link]

Dc‡ii Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K 65 I 66 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
O 65. ED Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
B D C K 3 4 3 M2 3 N6 3
66. OD = BD n‡j BOD Gi †¶Îdj KZ? (KwVb)
57. BOD Gi cwigvY KZ? (ga¨g) K4 3 L8 3 M 12 3  16 3
1 1
K BAC L BAD M 2BAC  2 BAD
2 2

¸iæZ¡c~Y© m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

4 †m. wg.
œ 1  GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡KvY msjMœ `yBwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 3 K
cÖk-
3 †m. wg.
†m. wg. Ges 4 †m. wg.| A

K. Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 2

L. wÎfzRwUi cwie„Ë AsKb Ki| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY
3 †m. wg.
Avek¨K] 4
M. D³ e„‡Ë Ggb `yBwU ¯úk©K A¼b Ki †hb Zv‡`i
C
AšÍfz©³ †KvY 60 nq| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY B 4 †m. wg.

Avek¨K] 4 Dc‡i Aw¼Z ABC-B n‡jv DwÏó wÎfzR|

 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  341
E C
C 3 †[Link].
a
4 †[Link]. b = 4 †[Link]. a = 3 †[Link].
b
O 5 †[Link].
N c
N A c = 5 †[Link]. B
wP‡Î ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR Gi AB, BC I CA evûi ˆ`N©¨
A B
h_vµ‡g 5 †[Link]., 3 †[Link]. I 4 †[Link].|
L g‡b Kwi, ABC wÎfzRwUi ewne©„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| A_©vr Ggb
GKwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e, hv wÎfz‡Ri GKwU evû‡K Ges Aci
`yB evûi ewa©Zvsk‡K ¯úk© K‡i|
F
M
†`Iqv Av‡Q, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfzR| Gi cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| M
A¼b : C E
(1) AB I AC †iLvs‡ki j¤^ mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g EM I FN N

†iLvsk AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` A

H
B D
K‡i| A¼b : AB I AC evûØq‡K h_vµ‡g D I F ch©šÍ ewa©Z
(2) A, O †hvM Kwi| O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© Kwi| DBC I FCB Gi mgwØLÊK BM Ges CN AuvwK|
wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| Zvn‡j, e„ËwU A, B I C we›`yMvgx g‡b Kwi, E Zv‡`i †Q` we›`y| E †_‡K BC Gi Ici EH j¤^
n‡e Ges GB e„ËwUB ABC Gi wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë| AuvwK Ges g‡b Kwi Zv BC †K H we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| E †K
†K›`ª K‡i EH Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK|
M Zvn‡j, GB e„ËwUB wb‡Y©q ewne©„Ë|
B
90
M g‡b Kwi, L Gi wb‡Y©q ewne©„‡Ëi e¨vmva© EH = a| a Gi wظY
e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU eM© AuvK‡Z n‡e|
H
60 C D C
D O 120

90
A
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABD GKwU e„Ë| ABD e„‡Ë Giƒc
`yÕwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e hv‡`i AšÍf©y³ †KvY 60 nq| A E B X
A¼b : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AX †_‡K a Gi mgvb AE Ask †K‡U
A¼b : (1) OA †h‡Kv‡bv e¨vmva© wbB Ges AOB = 120 wbB| Avevi, E †K †K›`ª K‡i AE = EB †K‡U wbB| GLb,
AuvwK| OB iwk¥ e„ËwU‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| AB †iLvs‡ki A we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i AH j¤^ AuvwK| AH
(2) OB †iLvi Ici B we›`y‡Z Ges OA †iLvi Ici A we›`y‡Z †_‡K AB Gi mgvb K‡i| AD †K‡U wbB| GLb, B I D †K
`ywU j¤^ Uvwb| g‡b Kwi, GB j¤^Øq C we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq| †K›`ª K‡i AB Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q DAB Gi Af¨šÍ‡i
Zvn‡j, AC I BC-B wb‡Y©q ¯úk©KØq, hv‡`i AšÍf©y³ `ywU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvcØq ci¯úi C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| B,
C I C, D †hvM Kwi|
ACB = 60 n‡e|
Zvn‡j, ABCD-B wb‡Y©q eM©‡ÿÎ|
œ 2  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZb evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 3 †m. wg., 4 †m.
cÖk- œ 3  a = 3 †[Link]. I b = 35 †[Link].h_vµ‡g A I B
cÖk-
wg. I 5 †m. wg.| †K›`ªwewkó e„Ë؇qi e¨vmva©|
K. A †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 2
K. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 2 L. ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y Q †_‡K B †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ë `yBwU
L. A¼‡bi wPý I weeiYmn wÎfzRwUi ewne„©Ë A¼b ¯úk©K AuvK| (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K) 4
Ki| 4 M. a I b †K GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡Kv‡Yi
M. wÎfzRwUi ewne„©‡Ëi e¨vmv‡a©i wظ‡Yi mgvb mwbœwnZ evû a‡i D³ wÎfz‡Ri GKwU cwie„Ë A¼b
evûwewkó GKwU eM© A¼b Ki| 4 Ki| (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K) 4
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K †`Iqv Av‡Q, A †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© a = 3 †[Link].
K g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evû a = 3 †[Link]., b = 4
 e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = a2 eM©wgUvi
†[Link]. I c = 5 †[Link]. †`Iqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  342
= (3)2 eM©wgUvi Avek¨K] 4
= (314  9) eM©wgUvi M. wÎfz‡Ri Aa©-cwimxgv‡K evû a‡i Aw¼Z e‡M©i
= 2826eM©wgUvi| (Ans.) cwie„Ë A¼b Ki| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY
Avek¨K] 4
L GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© b = 35 †[Link] †`Iqv Av‡Q| e„ËwUi
ewn:¯’ †h †Kv‡bv we›`y Q †_‡K e„ËwU‡Z `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
n‡e| K †`Iqv Av‡Q, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨, a = 2 †[Link].
3
A Avgiv Rvwb, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 4 a2
3
P O
= 4  (2)2 eM© †[Link].
M
= 3 eM© †[Link]. (Ans.)
B L g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv p = 10 †[Link]. Ges f‚wg
msjMœ `yBwU †KvY x = 45 I y = 60 †`Iqv Av‡Q|
1| b Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë A¼b Kwi| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
2| e„ËwUi ewn:¯’ GKwU we›`y Q wbB| p
3| P, O †hvM Kwi| PO †iLvs‡ki ga¨we›`y M wbY©q Kwi|
4| GLb M †K †K›`ª K‡i MO Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU x 45
y 60

e„Ë AuvwK| L M
H A G
g‡b Kwi, bZzb Aw¼Z e„ËwU cÖ`Ë e„ˇK A I B we›`y‡Z
†Q` K‡i|
5| A, P Ges B, P †hvM Kwi| D B C E F

Zvn‡j, AP, BP Df‡qB wb‡Y©q ¯úk©K| A¼b :

cÖgvY : A, O Ges B, O †hvM Kwi| APB e„‡Ë PO e¨vm| (1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ DF †_‡K cwimxgv p Gi mgvb K‡i
DE Ask †K‡U wbB| D I E we›`y‡Z DE †iLvs‡ki GKB
 PAO = GK mg‡KvY| [Aa©e„˯’ †KvY mg‡KvY]
cv‡k x Gi mgvb EDL Ges y Gi mgvb DEM AuvwK|
myZivs, OA †iLvsk AP †iLvs‡ki Ici j¤^| AZGe, O
(2) †KvY `yBwUi wØLÊK DG I EH AuvwK|
†Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi AP †iLvsk GKwU ¯úk©K| Abyiƒcfv‡e, (3) g‡b Kwi, DG I EH iwk¥Øq ci¯úi‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q`
BP †iLvskI GKwU ¯úk©K| K‡i| A we›`y‡Z ADE Gi mgvb DAB Ges AED
M g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR hvi mg‡KvY B Gi Gi mgvb EAC AuvwK|
mwbœwnZ evû `yBwU n‡jv AB = a = 3 †[Link]. Ges BC = b = (4) AB I AC iwk¥Øq DE †iLvsk‡K h_vµ‡g B I C we›`y‡Z
3.5 †[Link].| wÎfzRwUi cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| †Q` K‡i|
A Zvn‡j, ABC B DwÏó wÎfzR|
F
M †`Iqv Av‡Q, wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv 10 †[Link]|
O 10
E M
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GKevûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 2 = 5 †[Link].
B a 5 †m. wg.
F
N D C
A¼b :
1| AB I BC †iLvs‡ki j¤^ mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g EM I FN
†iLvsk AuvwK| Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| O
2| O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë
A
AuvwK| B E

Zvn‡j, e„ËwU A, B I C we›`yMvgx n‡e Ges e„ËwUB †`Iqv Av‡Q, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GKevûi ˆ`N©¨ 5 †[Link]. eM©‡ÿÎwUi
ABC Gi wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë| cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e|
œ 4  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZb evûi mgwó 10 †[Link]. Ges Gi f‚wg
cÖk- A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AE †_‡K a = 5 †m. wg. mgvb AB †K‡U
msjMœ †KvYØq 45 Ges 60.
wbB|
K. 2 †m. wg. evûwewkó wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 2
(2) AB Gi A we›`y‡Z AF ⊥ AB AuvwK| AF †_‡K a = 5 †m.
L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY
wg. Gi mgvb K‡i AD †K‡U wbB|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  343
(3) B I D we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i a Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q F

DAB Gi Af¨šÍ‡i `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| Giv

ci¯úi‡K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| E
O G
(4) D, C I B, C †hvM Kwi|
(5) ABCD eM©‡ÿ‡Îi A, C I B, D †hvM Kwi|
D
(6) eM©‡ÿ‡Îi AC I BD KY©Øq ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(7) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë A¼b :
AuvwK hv A, B, C I D we›`y‡K ¯úk© K‡i| (1) OD †h †Kv‡bv e¨vmva© wbB Ges DOF = 120 AuvwK|
Zvn‡j, Drcbœ e„ËwUB DwÏó cwie„Ë| (2) OF iwk¥i F we›`y‡Z Ges OD Gi D we›`y‡Z `ywU j¤^
AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, GB j¤^Øq G we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq|
œ 5  ABC Gi AB = BC = AC = 5 †[Link].
cÖk-
Zvn‡j DG I FG-B wb‡Y©q ¯úk©KØq, hv‡`i AšÍf©y³ †KvY
K. Dc‡ii Z_¨vbymv‡i wÎfzRwU AuvK| GwU †Kvb DGF = 60 n‡e|
ai‡bi wÎfzR? 2
L. wÎfzRwUi GKwU AšÍ©e„Ë A¼b Ki| [A¼‡bi œ 6  O †K›`ªwewkó PQR GKwU e„Ë| PQ e„ËwUi e¨vm wfbœ
cÖk-
wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4 GKwU R¨v Ges A, PQ Gi ga¨we›`y| O, P; O, Q; O, A; P, R
M. cÖvß e„ËwUi `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv‡`i AšÍf©y³ Ges R, Q †hvM Kiv n‡jv|

†KvY 60 nq| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4 K. mswÿß weeiYmn wPÎwU AuvK| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, OA ⊥ PQ. 4
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, PQ Pv‡ci Dci `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’
K. †KvY e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi wظY| 4
a
5 †[Link].  6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
A K.
R

5 †[Link]. 5 †[Link]. O

P Q
A

B E
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ª wewkó PQR GKwU e„Ë| PQ e„ËwUi e¨vm
5 †[Link]. C wfbœ GKwU R¨v Ges A, PQ Gi ga¨we›`y| O, P; O, Q; O, A;
ABC A¼b Kiv n‡jv hvi AB = BC = AC = 5 †[Link].| P, R Ges R, Q †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
GwU mgevû wÎfzR| L.
L. R
A
O

P Q
D A
M g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó PQR GKwU e„Ë| PQ e„ËwUi e¨vm
O wfbœ GKwU R¨v Ges A, PQ Gi ga¨we›`y|
L A¼b : O, P; O, Q, O, A †hvM Kwi| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
B
C OA ⊥ PQ
wP‡Î, ABC-Gi AšÍ©e„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| cÖgvY :
A¼‡bi weeiY : avc h_v_©Zv
(1) BAC Ges ACB Gi mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g AL Ges (1) OPA Ges OQA Gi
CM AuvwK| Giv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| OP = OQ [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
AP = AQ [A, PQ Gi ga¨we›`y]
(2) O we›`y n‡Z OD ⊥ AC AuvwK|
OA = OA [mvaviY evû]
(3) GLb, O we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i OD Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
myZivs OPA  OQA
GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| Zvn‡j Giƒ‡c Aw¼Z e„ËB wb‡Y©q e„Ë|  OAP = OAQ
M. g‡b Kwi, ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß O †K›`ªwewkó e„ËwU DEF| DEF (2) †h‡nZz †KvYØq ˆiwLK hyMj †KvY Ges Zv‡`i cwigvc mgvb
e„‡Ë Giƒc `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e hv‡`i AšÍf©y³ †KvY  OAP = OAQ = 1 mg‡KvY
60. AZGe, OA ⊥ PQ (cÖgvwYZ)
M.
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  344
R

O
O


Q P
P D A Q
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó cvK©‡K ¯úk© K‡i AP GKwU iv¯Ív
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ª wewkó PQR GKwU e„Ë| PQ Pv‡ci Dci Av‡Q| OA ¯úk© we›`yMvgx cv‡K©i e¨vmva©| cÖgvb Ki‡Z n‡e
`Êvqgvb e„˯’ †KvY PRQ Ges †K›`ª¯’ †KvY POQ †h, AP ⊥ OA.
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, POQ = 2PRQ A¼b : AP Gi Dci †h †Kvb we›`y Q †bB| O, Q †hvM Kwi|
A¼b : g‡b Kwi, RQ †iLvsk †K›`ªMvgx bq| G‡ÿ‡Î R we›`y cÖgvY : AP ¯úk©K, OA ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©|
w`‡q †K›`ªMvgx †iLvsk RD AuvwK| ¯úk©‡Ki Dci A we›`y Qvov Ab¨ mKj we›`y e„‡Ëi evB‡i
_vK‡e|
cÖgvY :
 Q we›`y e„‡Ëi evwn‡i _vK‡e|
avc h_v_©Zv  OQ > e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©
(1) ROP Gi ewnt¯’ †KvY  OQ > OA
POD = PRO + RPO [ewnt¯’ †KvY AšÍt¯’ ¯úk©‡Ki Dci A we›`y Qvov Ab¨ mKj we›`yi Rb¨ OQ > OA
wecixZ †KvY؇qi mgwói n‡e| A_©vr O n‡Z AP Gi Dci OA ¶z`ªZg `~iZ¡|
(2) Avevi, ROP G OR = OP mgvb]  OA ⊥ AP
 RPO = PRO AP ⊥ OA (cÖgvwYZ)
[GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
M.
[mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg A
 POD = PRO + PRO msjMœ †KvY `yBwU mgvb]
 POD = 2PRO
O
GKBfv‡e, ROQ †_‡K, P
QOD = 2QRO C
(3) myZivs POD + QOD B
= 2PRO + 2QRO [†hvM K‡i] g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ª wewkó ABC GKwU e„ËvKvi cvK©| Giƒc
A_©vr, POQ = 2PRQ `ywU iv¯Ív ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e †hb iv¯ÍvØq cvK©‡K †eób K‡i
(cÖgvwYZ) Ges iv¯Ív؇qi AšÍf©y³ †KvY 60 nq|
œ 7  ingvb mv‡n‡ei evwoi mvg‡b GKwU e„ËvKvi cvK© Av‡Q|
cÖk- A¼b:
(1) O, B †hvM Kwi|
cvK©wU‡K ¯úk© K‡i Gi GK cv‡k GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q|
(2) AOB = 120 AuvwK|
K. mswÿß eY©bvmn cvK© I iv¯Ívi GKwU wPwýZ wPÎ (3) A I B we›`y‡Z OA I OB Gi Dci AP I BP j¤^
AsKb Ki| 2 AuvwK|
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, iv¯ÍvwU cv‡K©i †K›`ª n‡Z ¯úk© ¯’vb AP I BP B wb‡Y©q iv¯Ív|
ch©šÍ †iLvs‡ki Dci j¤^| 4 œ 8  P †K›`ª wewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vm 4 †[Link]. Ges e„‡Ëi
cÖk-
M. cv‡K©i `yB cv‡k Giƒc `ywU iv¯Ív ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e ewnt¯’ GKwU we›`y O|
†hb iv¯ÍvØq cvK©‡K ¯úk© K‡i Ges iv¯Ív؇qi K. e„ËwU AuvK| 2
AšÍf©y³ †KvY 60 nq| [AsK‡bi wPý I weeiY L. O n‡Z e„‡Ë OM Ges ON `ywU ¯úk©K AuvK|
Avek¨K] 4 [A¼‡bi wPý Ges weeiY Avek¨K] 4
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. cÖgvY Ki †h, OM †iLvsk PM †iLvs‡ki Dci
j¤^| 4
K.  8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
A
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vm 4 †[Link].
4
 e„ËwUi e¨vmva© = 2 ev, 2 †[Link].
O
P  P †K †K›`ª K‡i 2 †[Link]. e¨vmva© wb‡q e„ËwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv|

g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„ËvKvi cvK©| AP iv¯ÍvwU 2 †[Link].

cvK©‡K A we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| P
L.
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  345
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, P †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi evB‡i O GKwU we›`y| O M.
we›`y n‡Z e„‡Ë `ywU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e| C
N
O
x
O P A F B

M D
A¼b : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ëi AB I CD R¨v `ywU e„‡Ëi
(1) O, P †hvM Kwi| Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z E we›`y‡Z ci¯úi‡K mg‡Kv‡Y †Q`
(2) GLb, X †K †K›`ª K‡i XO Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU K‡i‡Q| A, O Ges D, O †hvM Kivq AOD Drcbœ nq|
e„Ë AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Aw¼Z e„ËwU P †K›`ªwewkó e„ˇK M I Avevi, O, C Ges O, B †hvM Kivq BOC Drcbœ nq|
N we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOD + BOC = `yB mg‡KvY|
(4) O, M; O, N †hvM Kwi| A¼b : B, D †hvM Kwi|
Zvn‡j, OM I ON-B wb‡Y©q ¯úk©KØq| cÖgvY :
M. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OM †iLvsk PM †iLvs‡ki Dci j¤^| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) GKB Pvc AD-Gi Ici `Êvqgvb
P †K›`ª¯’ AOD Ges e„˯’ ABD.
1

2
AOD = ABD [e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici
O `Êvqgvb e„˯’ †KvY
M Q †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi A‡a©K]
A¼b : OM †iLvs‡ki Dci †h †Kv‡bv we›`y Q wbB Ges P, Q A_©vr, AOD = 2ABD .... .... ...... (i)
†hvM Kwi| Abyiƒcfv‡e †`Lv‡bv hvq †h,
cÖgvY : †h‡nZz e„‡Ëi M we›`y‡Z OM GKwU ¯úk©K, †m‡nZz H  BOC = 2BDC .... .... ..............(ii)
M we›`y e¨ZxZ OM Gi Dci¯’ Ab¨ mKj we›`y e„‡Ëi evB‡i (2) (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
_vK‡e| AOD + BOC = 2AOB + 2BDC
myZivs, Q we›`ywU e„‡Ëi evB‡i Aew¯’Z| ev, AOD + BOC = 2(ABD + BDC)
 PQ, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© PM Gi †P‡q eo| ev, AOD + BOC = 2(EBD + EDB) ..........(iii)
 PQ > PM Ges Zv ¯úk© we›`y M e¨ZxZ OM Gi Dci¯’ GLb, EBD Gi
me Q we›`yi Rb¨ mZ¨| EBD + EDB = 1 mg‡KvY ..........(iv)
 †K›`ª P n‡Z OM ¯úk©‡Ki Dci PM nj ¶z`ªZg `~iZ¡| [KviY AB ⊥ CD e‡j
wKš‘, Rvbv Av‡Q, †Kv‡bv mij‡iLvi ewn¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K BED = GK mg‡KvY]
D³ mij‡iLv ch©šÍ hZ¸‡jv †iLvsk Uvbv hvq Zb¥‡a¨ j¤^ (3) (iv) Gi gvb (iii)-G ewm‡q cvB,
†iLvskwU ¶z`ªZg| AOB + BOC = 2  1 mg‡KvY
myZivs OM †iLvsk PM †iLvsk‡bi Dci j¤^| (cÖgvwYZ) = `yB mg‡KvY (cÖgvwYZ)
œ 10  ABC Ggb GKwU wÎfzR hvi AB, BC, CA evûi ˆ`N©¨
œ 9  O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU R¨v †hLv‡b, OE ⊥ cÖk-
cÖk-
AB Ges OF ⊥ CD| h_vµ‡g 5cm, 6cm, 4.5cm.

K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ mswÿß weeiYmn wPÎ AuvK| 2 K. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wÎfzRwU AuvK| 2
L. hw` AB = CD nq Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, OE = OF. 4 L. D³ wÎfz RwUi GKwU AšÍe© „ Ë A¼b Ki| [A¼‡bi
M. hw` R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4
mg‡Kv‡Y ci¯úi‡K †Q` K‡i Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, M. D³ wÎfzRwUi CA evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i GKwU ewnte„Ë
AOD + BOC = `yB mg‡KvY| 4 A¼b Ki| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K. K.
F D A
C
O
A E B
B C
g‡b Kwi, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges AB I CD e„‡Ëi `yBwU mgvb 6 cm
R¨v| OE ⊥ AB Ges OF ⊥ CD. ABC Ggb GKwU wÎfzR hvi AB, BC, CA evûi ˆ`N©¨
L. Abykxjbx 8.1 Gi Dccv`¨-2 c„ôv-133 bs `ªóe¨| h_vµ‡g 5cm, 6cm I 4.5 cm.
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  346
L. g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU wÎfzR| A_©vr ABC Gi wfZ‡i Ggb K. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë PQRS PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ|
GKwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e, hv BC, CA I AB evû wZbwUi O †K›`ª n‡Z PS Ges RQ Gi Dci h_vµ‡g OF Ges OE j¤^
cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K ¯úk© K‡i| AuvwK| Zvn‡j EF †iLvsk PS R¨v Gi j¤^ mgwØLÊK|
A R E Q
O


M L F
S P
O
L. we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ë PQRS
B
D C PZzf©yRwU AšÍwjwL©Z n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PQR +
A¼b : (1) ABC I ACB Gi mgwØLÊKØq BL I CM PSR = 180
AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Zviv ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| S R
(2) O †_‡K BC Gi Dci OD j¤^ AuvwK Ges g‡b Kwi, Zv 
O
BC †K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(3) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OD Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë P Q
AuvwK| Zvn‡j, GB e„ËwUB wb‡Y©q AšÍe„©Ë| cÖgvY :
M. g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU wÎfzR| Gi CA evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
GKwU ewnte„Ë A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr Ggb GKwU e„Ë (1) GKB Pvc PSR Gi Dci [GKB Pv‡ci Dci
AuvK‡Z n‡e, hv wÎfzRwUi CA evû‡K Ges Aci evûi `Êvqgvb cÖe„× †K›`ª¯’ `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY
e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi wظY|]
ewa©Zvsk‡K ¯úk© K‡i|
POR = 2(e„˯’ PQR)
E
A_©vr cÖe„× POR = 2PQR
(2) Avevi GKB Pvc PQR Gi [GKB Pv‡ci Dci
M
Dci `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ cÖe„× †KvY `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY
A O
L POR = 2(e„˯’ PSR) e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi wظY]
A_©vr POR = 2PSR
B
H D  cÖe„× †KvY POR + POR
C
= 2(PQR + PSR)
A¼b : (1) BC I BA evû‡Kh_vµ‡g D I E ch©šÍ ewa©Z wKš‘ cÖe„× †KvY POR +
Kwi| POR = Pvi mg‡KvY
(2) DCA I CAE Gi mgwØLÊK CM I AL AuvwK| g‡b  2(PQR + PSR) = Pvi
Kwi, Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| mg‡KvY
(3) O †_‡K AC Gi Dci OH j¤^ AuvwK Ges g‡b Kwi, Zv  PQR + PSR = `yB
AC †K H we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| mg‡KvY = 180 (cÖgvwYZ)
M. we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi PQ I RS R¨v
(4) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OH Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë
`yBwU e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| P, O; Q, O; R, O
AuvwK| Zvn‡j, GB e„ËwUB wb‡Y©q ewnte„©Ë|
Ges S, O †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
œ 11  O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë PQRS PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ| EF
cÖk- cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
†iLv PS R¨v Gi j¤^ mgwØLÊK| 2RDP = (QOS  POR
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU A¼b Ki| 2 D

L. cÖgvb Ki †h, PQR + PSR = 180 4

M. hw` PQ I RS R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi evwn‡i D we›`y‡Z R
P
†Q` K‡i Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, PR I QS PvcØq
†K‡›`ª †h `yBwU †KvY Drcbœ K‡i, Zv‡`i AšÍi O
RDP Gi wظY| 4 Q S
 11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A¼b : P, S †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  347
(1) QS Pv‡ci †ÿ‡Î [GKB Pv‡ci Dci  OEM  OFQ AwZfzR evû-me©mgZv
QOS = 2QPS ............(i) `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY Dccv`¨]
 ME = QF
e„˯’ †Kv‡Yi wظY] [ †K›`ª n‡Z e¨vmwfbœ
Avevi, PR Pv‡ci †ÿ‡Î [GKB Kvi‡Y]
1
(3) Avevi, ME = 2 MN †h †Kv‡bv R¨v Gi Dci
POR = 2PSR ............(ii)
1 Aw¼Z j¤^ R¨v-†K
(2) mgxKiY (i) − (ii) K‡i cvB, Ges QF = 2 QR
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
QOS − POR
A_©vr MN = QR (cÖgvwYZ)
= 2(QPS − PSR) .......(iii)
(3) PDS-G M.
[wÎfz‡Ri ewnt¯’ †KvY Q
QPS = PDS + PSD
ev, QPS − PSD = PDS wecixZ AšÍt¯’ †KvY O
ev, QPS − PSR = PDR ؇qi mgwói mgvb] E
ev, 2(QPS − PSR) = 2RDP M N
ev, QOS − POR = 2RDP [mgxKiY (iii) bs †_‡K] R
 QOS  POR) = 2RDP (cÖgvwYZ) g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi MN I QR R¨v-`ywU e„‡Ëi
Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z E we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| M, O
œ 12  O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi MN I QR `yBwU R¨v|
cÖk-
Ges R, O †hvM Kivq MOR Drcbœ nq| Avevi, O, Q Ges
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ mswÿß weeiYmn wPÎ AuvK| 2 O, N †hvM Kivq NOQ Drcbœ nq|
L. †K›`ª †_‡K R¨vØq mg`~ieZ©x n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, MOR + NOQ = 180
MN = QR. 4 A¼b : R, N †hvM Kwi|
M. R¨v `ywU e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y cÖgvY :
wgwjZ n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, MOR + NOQ = 180. 4 avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
 12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  (1) GKB Pvc MR-Gi Dci
K. `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ MOR Ges
M Q e„˯’ MNR
1
 MOR = MNR
[ e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci

2
O Dci `Êvqgvb e„˯’
A_©vr MOR = 2MNR ......(i)
†KvY †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi
N R A‡a©K]
†`Iqv Av‡Q, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges MN I QR e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v| Abyiƒcfv‡e †`Lv‡bv hvq †h,
L. GLv‡b, †K›`ª O n‡Z R¨vØq mg`~ieZ©x| O n‡Z MN I QR NOQ = 2NRQ ...........(ii)
Gi Dci h_vµ‡g `yBwU j¤^ OE I OF A¼b Kwi| (2) mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
Q MOR + NOQ
M = 2MNR + NOQ
= 2MNR + 2NRQ
E


O F ev, MOR + NOQ

= 2(MNR + NRQ)
ev, MOR + NOQ
N R
= 2 (ENR + NRE) ........(iii)
GLv‡b, OE = OF [ †K›`ª n‡Z R¨v-Øq mg`~ieZ©x] GLb, ERN-G
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, MN = QR ENR + NRE =NER
A¼b : O, M I O, Q †hvM Kwi| (3) (iv) bs Gi gvb (iii) bs G [KviY MN ⊥ QR nIqvq
cÖgvY : ewm‡q cvB, NER = 1 mg‡KvY]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
MOR + NOQ = 21 mg‡KvY|
(1) †h‡nZz OE ⊥ MN
 MOR + NOQ
Ges OF ⊥ QR
= 2 mg‡KvY = 180 (cÖgvwYZ)
myZivs OEM = OFQ
= GK mg‡KvY
(2) GLb, OEM Ges OFQ
mg‡KvYx wÎfzR؇qi g‡a¨ AwZfzR
OM = AwZfzR OQ [Kíbv Abymv‡i]
OE = OF [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  348

A byk xj b g ~j K K v‡R i A v‡j v‡K m„R b kxj cÖk œ I mg vavb

œ 13  ABC †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU wÎfzR|
cÖk- (3) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë
K. ABC wÎfz‡Ri GKwU ewne„©Ë Gu‡K †`LvI| 2 AuvwK| Zvn‡j e„ËwU A, B I C we›`yMvgx n‡e Ges GB e„ËwUB
L. wÎfzRwU ¯’~j‡KvYx n‡j cwie„Ë AuvK| 4 ABC Gi wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë|
M. wÎfzRwU mg‡KvYx n‡j cwie„Ë AuvK| 4 M. mvaviY wbe©Pb : †Kv‡bv mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z
n‡e|
 13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A N
K.
F O E
M M
C E
N B C
H
A B D
L.
A F
F
E
N
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR| Gi
B
N C cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| A_©vr, Ggb GKwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e, hv
O M wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU kxl© A, B I C we›`y w`‡q hvq|
N
N N A¼b :
N (1) AB I BC †iLvs‡ki j¤^ mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g EM I FN
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfzR| Gi †iLvsk AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q`
cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e A_©vr Ggb GKwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e, hv K‡i|
wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU kxl© A, B I C we›`y w`‡q hvq| (2) B, O †hvM Kwi| O †K †K›`ª K‡i OB Gi mgvb e¨vmva©
A¼b : wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK|
(1) AB I AC †iLvs‡ki j¤^ mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g EM I FN Zvn‡j, e„ËwU A, B I C we›`yMvgx n‡e Ges GB e„ËwUB
†iLvsk AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| ABC Gi wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë|
(2) A, O †hvM Kwi|

AwZwi³ m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 14  3 †[Link]. e¨vmva© wewkó †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †K›`ª C †K›`ª †_‡K L. `Êvqgvb LyuwUi cv`we›`y T †_‡K e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡j
cÖk-
10 †[Link]. `~‡i GKwU `Êvqgvb LyuwUi cv` we›`y T wPÎwU wbgœiƒc n‡e :
A
K. Z_¨vbyhvqx R¨vwgwZK wPÎwU A¼b Ki| 2
L. `Êvqgvb LyuwUwUi cv` we›`y †_‡K e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK T C 

Ges †`LvI †h, LyuwUwUi cv` we›`y †_‡K ¯úk© we›`y `yBwU
mgvb `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z| 4 B
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, ¯úk© we›`y؇qi ms‡hvRK †iLv‡K e„‡Ë †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, LyuwUwUi cv`we›`y †_‡K ¯úk© we›`y `yBwU mgvb
AšÍwj©wLZ mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evû we‡ePbvq G‡b `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z|
A
wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K¸‡jv †h wÎfzR Drcbœ
K‡i Zv bZzb GKwU mgevû wÎfzR n‡e| 4 T C 

 14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 

B
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, C †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 3 †mwg| †K›`ª wPÎvbymv‡i, TA I TB †iLvØq e„‡Ëi `yBwU ¯úk©K| cÖgvY
†_‡K 10 †mwg `~‡i GKwU `Êvqgvb LuywUi cv`we›`y T Ki‡Z n‡e †h, TA = TB
Dc‡ii Z_¨vbyhvqx wPÎwU wbgœiƒc n‡e : A¼b : C, A; C, B †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
3 †[Link]. avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
T  (1) e„‡Ëi A we›`y‡Z TA GKwU
10 †[Link].
¯úk©K Ges CA ¯úk© we›`yMvgx
e¨vmva©
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  349
 CA ⊥ TA A_©vr CAT = GK [e„‡Ëi †h †Kv‡bv we›`yi  15bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
mg‡KvY Ici Aw¼Z ¯úk©K K. C B
(2) Avevi, e„‡Ëi B we›`y‡Z TB ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i
GKwU ¯úk©K Ges CB Ici j¤^] O
¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©|
 CB ⊥ TB A_©vr CBT = GK [GKB Kvi‡Y]
A
mg‡KvY
A, BI C we›`y wZbwU GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z bq wKš‘
(3) GLb mg‡KvYx ∆TAC Ges
GKB e„‡Ëi cwiwai Ici Aew¯’Z A_©vr we›`y wZbwU mge„Ë|
mg‡KvYx ∆TBC G
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A I B †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq ci¯úi C we›`y‡Z
AwZfzR TC = AwZfzR TC
[GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
AšÍt¯úk© K‡i‡Q| C we›`y w`‡q Aw¼Z †iLvsk e„ËØq‡K
Ges CA = CB
h_vµ‡g P I Q we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
 ∆TAC  ∆TBC
A, B; B, Q; C, A Ges C, B †hvM Kwi|
Q
 TA = TB [mg‡KvYx wÎfzR؇qi P
AwZfzR Ges Aci GKwU
Abyiƒc evû ci¯úi mgvb]
C
A_©vr LyuwUwUi cv`we›`y †_‡K ¯úk© we›`y `yBwU mgvb `~i‡Z¡ BA
Aew¯’Z| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
M. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ¯úk© we›`y؇qi ms‡hvRK †iLv‡K e„‡Ë Avgiv Rvwb, `ywU e„Ë ci¯úi ¯úk© Ki‡j Zv‡`i †K›`ªØq I
AšÍwj©wLZ mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evû we‡ePbvq G‡b wÎfz‡Ri ¯úk©we›`y GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z n‡e|
kxl©we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K¸‡jv †h wÎfzR Drcbœ K‡i Zv bZzb GKwU  C, A, B we›`yÎq mg‡iL|
mgevû wÎfzR n‡e| GLb, APC Gi AP = AC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
A
P Q  ACB = APC
O
Avevi, BCQ Gi BQ = BC
B C  BCQ = BQC
wKšÍz ACP = BCQ, [GKB †KvY]
 APC = BQC
R wKšÍz Giv Abyiƒc †KvY|
¯úk© we›`yØq A I B-Gi ms‡hvRK †iLv e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ  APBQ (cÖgvwYZ)
mgevû wÎfzR we‡ePbv Ki‡j wÎfzRwU n‡jv ABC| wÎfzRwUi M. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë P ewnt¯’ GKwU we›`y| P we›`y
kxl©we›`y A, B I C w`‡q wZbwU ¯úk©K Uvbv n‡jv| ¯úk©K n‡Z e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e|
wZbwU h_vµ‡g P, Q I R we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ∆PQR mgevû|
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABC wÎfzRwU mgevû [mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖwZwU †KvY
60]
 A = B = C = 60
GLb PAB = GKvšÍi e„Ëvsk¯’ C = 60
Ges ABP = GKvšÍi e„Ëvsk¯’ C = 60 A¼b :
(2) ∆ ABP G PAB = 60 (1) O, P †hvM Kwi|
Ges ABP = 60 n‡j P = 60 n‡e| (2) OP Gi ga¨we›`y X wbY©q Kwi|
(3) Giƒ‡c †`Lv‡bv hvq, R = 60 Ges (3) X †K †K›`ª K‡i XO ev XP Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
Q = 60 GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| Aw¼Z X †Kw›`ªK e„Ë O †Kw›`ªK
 ∆PQR-Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU †KvY 60 e„ˇK A I B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
nIqvq wÎfzRwU mgevû| (4) A, P I B, P †hvM Kwi|
AZGe, ∆PQR mgevû| (cÖgvwYZ)  AP ev BP-B DwÏó ¯úk©K|
œ 15  wZbwU we›`y GK mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z bv n‡j we›`yÎq w`‡q
cÖk- œ 16  mg‡KvYx ABC-G ACB = GK mg‡KvY Ges AB AwZfzR|
cÖk-
GKwU e„Ë AuvKv hv‡e Ges we›`yÎq mge„Ë n‡e| K. AB †K e¨vm a‡i GKwU e„Ë A¼b Ki| 2
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU AuvK| 2 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ÔKÕ-†Z Aw¼Z e„Ë mg‡KŠwYK kxl©
L. A I B †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq ci¯úi AšÍt¯úk© C w`‡q hv‡e| 4
K‡i‡Q| C we›`y w`‡q Aw¼Z †iLvsk e„ËØq‡K P I M. cÖgvY Ki †h, D³ e„‡Ë AwZfzR AB-Gi ga¨ we›`y
Q we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, APBQ 4 O Ges Gi wecixZ kxl© we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk
M. e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K e„ËwUi ¯úk©K AuvK| 4 AwZfz‡Ri A‡a©K| 4
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  350
 16bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  œ 17  g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„Ë ABC| GB e„‡Ëi
cÖk-
K. C GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y n‡jv P|
D
K. P n‡Z e„‡Ëi `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK| 2
L. P n‡Z e„‡Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv wbw`©ó
†Kv‡bv mij‡iLvi mgvb nq| 4
A 
B
O M. e„˯’ e‡M©i GKwU cwie„Ë AuvK| 4
 17bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K.
wP‡Î, mg‡KvYx ABC G ACB = GK mg‡KvY Ges AB
AwZfzR| GKwU e„Ë A¼b Kiv n‡q‡Q hvi e¨vm n‡jv AB|
L. AB †K e¨vm a‡i O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„Ë ABC hvi Ici D
†h‡Kv‡bv GKwU we›`y|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, e„ËwU mg‡KŠwYK C kxl© w`‡q hv‡e|
C
D

O †K›`ª wewkó ABC e„‡Ëi P GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y| P n‡Z

A  B PA I PB `yBwU ¯úk©K|
O
L. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC GKwU e„Ë Ges EF GKwU
wbw`©ó mij‡iLv| ABC e„‡Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e
A¼b : A, D Ges B, D †hvM Kwi| †hb ¯úk©KwU EF †iLvi mgvšÍivj nq|
cÖgvY : mg‡KvYx ABC-Gi
ACB = GK mg‡KvY [†`Iqv Av‡Q ]
Avevi, ADB = GK mg‡KvY [Aa©e„˯’ †KvY e‡j]
 ACB = ADB [DfqB GK mg‡Kv‡Yi mgvb ]
wKš‘, ACB Ges ADB †KvYØq A Ges B we›`yi
ms‡hvRK †iLvsk AB Gi GKB cv‡k Aew¯’Z h_vµ‡g C Ges
D we›`y‡Z Drcbœ †KvY Ges Zviv mgvb|
 A, B, C, D we›`y PviwU mge„Ë|
A_©vr e„ËwU mg‡KŠwYK C kxl© w`‡q hvq| (cÖgvwYZ) A¼b :
C
M. D (1) †K›`ª O †_‡K EF-Gi Ici OD j¤^ Uvwb| OD j¤^ EF
†iLv‡K D we›`y‡Z Ges ABC e„ˇK C we›`y‡Z †Q`
K‡i|
B
A O (2) OC †iLvs‡ki C we›`y‡Z CQ j¤^ Uvwb Ges G‡K wecixZ
w`‡K P ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi| Zvn‡j PQ-B wb‡Y©q ¯úk©K,
hv wbw`©ó EF †iLvi mgvšÍivj|
mg‡KvYx ABC-Gi ACB = GK mg‡KvY Ges AwZfzR = AB| M. g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU eM©| Gi cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e|
O, AwZfzR AB-Gi ga¨we›`y| AwZfz‡Ri wecixZ kxl©we›`y C
Ges O †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
1
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OC = 2 AB
cÖgvY : ACB = GK mg‡KvY [†`Iqv Av‡Q]
 ACB GKwU Aa©e„˯’ †KvY|
myZivs, ACB e„‡Ëi AB e¨vm|
Avevi, O, AB-Gi ga¨we›`y|
 O e„ËwUi †K›`ª| A¼b :
OA = OB = OC [ GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© ]
(1) A, C I B, D †hvM Kwi| AC I BD KY©Øq ci¯úi O
Avevi, AB = OA + OB
ev, AB = OC + OC [ OB = OC] we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
ev, AB = 2 OC (2) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA-Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë
1 AuvwK| e„ËwU e‡M©i kxl©we›`y A, B, C I D we›`y w`‡q hvq| O
 OC = AB (cÖgvwYZ)
2 †K›`ª wewkó ABCD e‡M©i wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  351
œ 18 
cÖk- †Kv‡bv e„Ë GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`y¸‡jv w`‡q ev, x = 64 = 8 [abvZ¥K eM©g~j wb‡q,
hvq| KviY ˆ`N©¨ KL‡bv
K. mswÿß weeiYmn e„ËwU AuvK| 2 FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv]
 AB = 8 wgUvi
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, e„ËwUi †K›`ª AwZfz‡Ri ga¨we›`y| 4 3x 38
M. wÎfzRwUi AwZfzR 10 wg. Ges Gi GKwU evû  BC = 4 wgUvi = 4 = 6 wgUvi
3
AciwUi 4 Ask n‡j e„‡Ëi wÎfz‡Ri Øviv AbwaK…Z 1
 ABC wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 2  f‚wg  D”PZv
As‡ki †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4 1
= 2  6  8 eM© wgUvi
 18bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= 24 eM© wgUvi
K. A 1 1
 e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = 2  AwZfzR = 2  10 wgUvi = 5 wgUvi
[ AwZfzR = e¨vm]
O
 e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = r = 31416  (5) = 7854 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)
2 2

 e„‡Ë wÎfz‡Ri Øviv AbwaK…Z As‡ki †ÿÎdj n‡e

B D C = (7854 − 24) eM©wgUvi
= 5454 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq) (Ans)
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„ËwU ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri
kxl©we›`y A, B I C w`‡q hvq| œ 19  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi Dci¯’ P we›`y‡Z PT GKwU ¯úk©K
cÖk-
Ges OP ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©| PT Gi Ici †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y Q
L. A
wb‡q OQ †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
K. msw¶ß weeiYmn Ic‡ii Z_¨‡K R¨vwgwZK wP‡Îi

O mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, PT, OP Gi Ici j¤^| 4
M. `ywU GK‡K›`ªxq e„‡Ëi e„nËiwUi AB I AC R¨vØq
B C Ab¨ e„ËwU‡K P I Q we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| PQ Gi
ˆ`N©¨ 22 †[Link]. n‡j BC-Gi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, mg‡KvYx ABC-Gi ABC =
GK mg‡KvY Ges AC AwZfzR| kxl©we›`y A, B, C w`‡q GKwU  19bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
e„Ë A¼b Kiv n‡jv| g‡b Kwi, GB e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| cÖgvY K.
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, O, AC-Gi ga¨we›`y| 
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv 
P Q T

(1) ABC = GK mg‡KvY †`Iqv Av‡Q O we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i OP e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| P
 ABC, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi [Aa©e„˯’ †KvY GK we›`y‡Z PT GKwU ¯úk©K AuvwK| PT Gi Ici †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y Q
Aa©e„˯’ †KvY n‡e| mg‡KvY] †bB| O, Q †hvM Kwi|
 A, B, C we›`yMvgx e„‡Ëi e¨vm AC L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PT, OP Gi Ici j¤^| †h‡nZz e„‡Ëi P
(2) e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O e¨vm AC Gi Ici we›`y‡Z PT GKwU ¯úk©K, †m‡nZz H P we›`y e¨ZxZ PT-Gi
Aew¯’Z Ges OA = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j] Dci¯’ Ab¨ mKj we›`y e„‡Ëi evB‡i _vK‡e|
 O, AwZfzR AC Gi ga¨we›`y| [ÔLÕ Gi wPÎ †_‡K]  Q we›`ywU e„‡Ëi evB‡i Aew¯’Z|
(cÖgvwYZ)  OQ, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© OP Gi †P‡q eo|
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A_©vr OQ > OP Ges Zv ¯úk©we›`y P e¨ZxZ PT-Gi Dci¯’ me
AwZfzR, AC = 10 wgUvi we›`yi Rb¨ mZ¨|
g‡b Kwi, j¤^, AB = x wgUvi  †K›`ª O n‡Z PT ¯úk©‡Ki Ici OP n‡jv ¶z`ªZg `~iZ¡|
3x  PT⊥OP
 f‚wg, BC = 4 wgUvi A_©vr PT, OPGi Ici j¤^| (cÖgvwYZ)
[ wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨
 AC2 = AB2 + BC2 Abyhvqx ] M. e„Ë `yBwUi †K›`ª O Ges e„nËi e„‡Ëi AB I AC R¨vØq
¶z`ªZi e„ˇK P I Q we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| P, Q Ges B, C
(3x4)
2
ev, (10)2 = x2 +
†hvM Kwi| PQ-Gi ˆ`N©¨ 22 †[Link].|
9x2
ev, 100 = x2 + 16
16x2 + 9x2
ev, 100 = 16
25x2
ev, 100 = 16
x2
ev, 4 = 16 [25 Øviv fvM K‡i] O, P Ges O, Q †hvM Kwi|
ev, x2 = 64 ¶z`ªZi e„‡Ëi OP ¯úk©we›`y e¨vmva© Ges AB ¯úk©K|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  352
 OP⊥AB Z`ªƒc OQ⊥AC GLb, ABC-Gi AB I AC evûi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g P Ges Q
Avevi, e„nËi e„‡Ëi AB R¨v‡qi Ici OP j¤^|  PQ =
1
BC
 AP = PB 2
 P, AB-Gi ga¨we›`y| ev, BC = 2 PQ = 2  22 †[Link]. = 44 †[Link].
Z`ªƒc Q, AC-Gi ga¨we›`y|  BC-Gi ˆ`N©¨ 44 †[Link].

wbe©vwPZ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 20  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 4 †[Link]., 5 A¼b :
cÖk-
†[Link]. I 6 †[Link].| (1) BC evûi mgwØLÊK PQ Ges AC evûi j¤^wØLÊK LM
K. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 2 A¼b Kwi| PQ I LM ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
L. wÎfzRwUi cwie„Ë A¼b K‡i weeiY `vI| 4 A L
M. Aw¼Z e„‡Ë Giƒc GKwU ¯úk©K A¼b Ki †hb Zv P
wbw`©ó mij‡iLvi mgvšÍivj nq| (A¼‡bi wPý I
C
weeiY Avek¨K) 4 B O
 20bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M
Q

K. g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g a = 4

†[Link]., b = 5 †[Link]. Ges c = 6 †[Link]. †`Iqv Av‡Q| (2) GLb, O †K †K›`ª K‡i OC ev OB ev OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva©
wÎfzRwU AvuK‡Z n‡e| wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| e„ËwU A, B, C we›`y w`‡q hv‡e|
4 †[Link]. Zvn‡j wb‡Y©q e„ËwU ABC wÎfz‡Ri cwie„Ë|
a

b
5 †[Link]. M. we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC GKwU e„Ë|
6 †[Link]. LM GKwU wbw`©ó mij‡iLv| ABC e„‡Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk©K
c
A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e hv LM Gi mgvšÍivj nq|
A
A¼b :
(1) e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O n‡Z LM †iLvi Ici ON j¤^ AuvwK| ON
a b e„ˇK C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
A
B

B c D E O
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K c Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BD Ask
†K‡U †bB| D E
C
(2) BD †iLvs‡ki B I D we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g a I b Gi mgvb e¨vmva©
wb‡q B I D Gi GKB cv‡k `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvc `yBwU
L M
ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| N
(3) A, B I A, D †hvM Kwi|
Zvn‡j, ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR| (2) OC †iLvi C we›`y‡Z CE j¤^ Uvwb Ges G‡K wecixZ w`‡K D
ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi|
L. g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfzR ABC Gi wZbwU evû AB = 4 †[Link]., Zvn‡j DE ¯úk©KB LM Gi mgvšÍivj Aw¼Z n‡jv|
AC = 5 †[Link]. Ges BC = 6 †[Link]. †`Iqv Av‡Q| wÎfz‡Ri
cwie„Ë A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e|

m„R bkxj cÖk œe¨vsK DËimn

œ 21  ABC GKwU wÎfzR †hLv‡b AB = 3 †[Link]., BC = 5
cÖk- œ 22  ABC GKwU m~²‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri ABC = 60,
cÖk-
†[Link]., CA = 4 †[Link].| †h‡Kv‡bv wÎfz‡R wZbwU ewne„©Ë AuvKv ACB = 40 Dc‡ii Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
hvq| K. BAC Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
K. ABC wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 2 L. ABC wÎfz‡Ri AšÍe„©Ë AuvK| (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4
L. A¼‡bi weeiYmn ABC wÎfz‡Ri BC evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i Ggb
M. ABC wÎfz‡Ri B I C Gi mgwØLÊKØq P we›`y‡Z Ges
GKwU ewne„©Ë AuvK| 4
ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, B, P, C, Q
M. ABC wÎfz‡Ri Aci ewne„©Ë `yBwU AuvK| (A¼‡bi weeiY wPý
Avek¨K|) 4 we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 4
DËi : L. m¤úv`¨-6 Gi Abyiƒc| DËi : K. 80, L. m¤úv`¨-5 Gi Abyiƒc|
œ 23  O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ë AB I CD ci¯úi `ywU R¨v|
cÖk-
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  353
K. Q, AB Gi ga¨we›`y n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, OQ ⊥ AB 2 DËi : K. Dccv`¨-1 Gi Abyiƒc| L. Dccv`¨-2 Gi
L. AB = CD n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, O n‡Z ci¯úi mg`~ieZ©x| 4 Abyiƒc| M. Abykxjbx-83 Gi cÖkœ-4 Gi mgvav‡bi
M. AB I CD ci¯úi e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y Abyiƒc|
†Q` Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, AOD + BOC = `yB mg‡KvY| 4

Aa¨vq mgwš^Z m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 24 
cÖk- A
M A

P
P

B C
B C

E F

Q E F

K. mg‡iL I mge„Ë Kv‡K e‡j? 2 Q

L. cÖgvY Ki †h, BPC = 90 + A

1
4 we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC G B I C Gi
2 mgwØLÊKØq P we›`y‡Z Ges ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, B, P, C, Q we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 4 n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, B, P, C, Q we›`y PviwU mg„eË|
 24bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  cÖgvY :
K mg‡iL : †Kv‡bv †iLvi Dci¯’ we›`y¸‡jv‡K mg‡iL we›`y e‡j| avc h_v_©Zv
mge„Ë we›`y : †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi cwiwai Dci¯’ we›`y¸‡jv‡K mge„Ë we›`y e‡j| (1) ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB,
L
A 1
BPC = 90 + A ............ (i)
2
P
(2) BQC-G,
BQC + QBC + QCB = 180  (ii)
B C [wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
1 1
(3) wKšÍz QBC = 2 CBE Ges QCB = 2 BCF
1
E F
ev, QBC = 2 (A +C) [BQ, CBE Gi mgwØLÊK]
1
Q

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC G B I C Gi Ges QCB = 2 (A + B)

mgwØLÊKØq P we›`y‡Z Ges ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ 1 1
myZivs, BQC + 2 (A + C) + 2 (A + B) = 180
n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BPC = 90 + 21 A [(ii) bs n‡Z]
cÖgvY : 1 1
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv ev, BQC + 2 (180) + 2 A = 180
(1) ABC G A + B + C = 180 1
ev, BQC + 90 + 2 A = 180
[wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
1
(2) Avevi, BPC-G  BQC = 180 − 90 − A
2
BPC + PBC + PCB = 180 [GKB] 1
1 1 = 90 − A (iii)
ev, BPC + 2 B + 2 C = 180 2
1 1 (4) GLb mgxKiY (i) I (iii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
[ PBC = B Ges PCB = C] 1 1
2 2 BPC + BQC = 90 + A + 90 − A = 180
1 2 2
ev, BPC = 180 − (B + C) (5) BPCQ PZzf©y‡Ri P + Q = 180 nIqvq B, P, C, Q
2
1 1
= 180 − ( A + B + C)+ A we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| (cÖgvwYZ)
2 2
1 1 œ 25  DEF-G E I F Gi mgwØLÊKØq P we›`y‡Z Ges
cÖk-
= 180 − (180) + A
2 2 ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
1
= 180 − 90 + A K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2
2 1
1 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, EPF = 90 + 2 D 4

= 90 + A (cÖgvwYZ)
2 M. †`LvI †h, E, P, FGes Q we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 4
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  354
 25bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  1 1
ev, EQF + 2 (180) + 2 D = 180
K DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb‡gœ wPÎ A¼b Kiv n‡jv : ev, EQF = 180 − 90 − 2 D
1
D
1
P ev, EQF = 90 − 2 D. ⎯⎯(ii)
E F
5| ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB,
T 1
S EPF = 90 + D ⎯⎯⎯(iii)
Q 2
wP‡Îi DEF GKwU wÎfzR hvi E I F Gi mgwØLÊKØq P 6| (ii) I (iii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
we›`y‡Z I ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| 1 1
EPF + EQF = 90 + A + 90 − A = 180
L 2 2
D ev, EPF + EQF = 180.
P
A_©vr EPFQ PZzf‚©‡Ri P + Q = 180
E F  E, P, E Ges Q we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| (cÖgvwYZ)|
T œ 26 
cÖk-
S P
Q
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, DEF G E I F Gi mgwØLÊKØq P
we›`y‡Z Ges ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
1 O
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, EPF = 90 + 2 D.
cÖgvY : Q T S
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1)  DEF G D + E + F = 180 [wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi R
(2) Avevi,  EPF-G mgwó `yB mg‡KvY] wPÎ PT ⊥ QS, O †K›`ª
EPF + PEF + PFE = 180 1 1
1 1 1
K. †`LvI †h, 2 PQR + 2 PSR = 90 2
ev, EPF + 2 E + 2 F = 180 [ PEF = 2 E Ges
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, POQ + ROS = 2 mg‡KvY| 4
1 1 M. cÖgvY Ki †h, PQ2 + PS2 = 2PT2 + QS2 −[Link] 4
ev, EPF = 180 − 2 (E + F) PFE = F]
2
1 1  26bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= 180 − (D + E + F) + D
2 2
1 1 K
= 180 − (180) + D P
2 2
1 1
= 180 − 90 + D = 90 + D (cÖgvwYZ)|
2 2 O
M we‡kl wbe©Pb :  DEF−G E I F Gi
Q S
mgwØLÊKØq P we›`y‡Z I ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ T

n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, E, P, F, I Q we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| R

cÖgvY : PQRS GKwU e„˯’ PZzfz©R|
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv  PQR + PSR = 180 [e„˯’ PZzfz©‡Ri wecixZ
1| EQF−G [wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó †KvY؇qi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
EQF + QEF + QFE = 180⎯(i) `yB mg‡KvY] 1
ev, 2 (PQR + PSR) = 2  180
1
2| SEF = D + F [wÎfz‡Ri †Kv‡bv †Kv‡Yi
1 1
Ges TFE = D + E ewn:¯’‡KvY Zvi wecixZ ev, 2 PQR + 2 PSR = 90. (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)|
†KvY؇qi mgwói mgvb]
1 L
3| wKš‘ QEF = 2 FES Ges [EQ I FQ h_vµ‡g FES P

1
QFE = EFT. I EFT Gi mgvwØLÊK]
2 O
1
 QEF = (D + F) Q S
2 T
1
Ges QFE = 2 (D + E). R
g‡b Kwi, †K›`ªwewkó PQRS e„‡Ë R¨v PR Ges R¨v QS
O
1
4| myZivs, EQF + 2 (D + F) ci¯úi T we›`y‡Z j¤^| A_©vr, PT ⊥ QS, PQ I RS PvcØq
1 †K‡›`ª h_vµ‡g POQ I ROS Drcbœ K‡i‡Q|
+ (D + E) = 180 [(i) bs n‡Z]
2 cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, POQ + ROS = 2 mg‡KvY|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  355
cÖgvY : cÖgvY : AC = BC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
avc h_v_©Zv Avevi, C †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë, AC = BC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
1| PQ Pv‡ci Dci `Êvqgvb [GKB Pv‡ci Dci `Êvq  CC †iLvi †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y A, B n‡Z mvgvb¨ `~‡i Aew¯’Z|
†K›`ª¯’ POQ Ges e„˯’ PSQ gvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„˯’ A_©vr CC †iLv GKwU mÂvic_|
myZivs POQ = 2 PSQ †Kv‡Yi wظY] mvaviY R¨v AB †K mg‡Kv‡Y mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
2| RS Pv‡ci Dci `Êvqgvb [GKB Pv‡ci Dci `Êvq  CC †iLv AB †K mg‡Kv‡Y mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
†K›`ª¯’ ROS Ges e„˯’ RPS gvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„˯’ M.
myZivs ROS = 2 RPS †Kv‡Yi wظY] A
3| POQ + ROS = 2 (PSQ + RPS) [avc (1) I avc (2)]
4| GLb, PTS mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R PTS = GK mg‡KvY [Kíbv]
myZivs TPS + PST = GK mg‡KvY [wÎfz‡Ri wZb C C
ev, RPS + PSQ = GK mg‡KvY †Kv‡Yi mgwó
`yB mg‡KvY]
B
5| AZGe, POQ + ROS = 2  GK mg‡KvY g‡b Kwi, A, B `ywU wbw`©ó we›`y| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, A, B
= 2 mg‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ) we›`y w`‡q MgbKvix mKj e„‡Ëi †K›`ª¸‡jv mg‡iL|
M we‡kl wbe©Pb : PQRS GKwU e„˯’ PZzfz©R| A¼b : A, B †K›`ªMvgx `ywU e„Ë AuvwK| awi, e„Ë؇qi †K›`ª C,
O e„ËwUi †K›`ª Ges PT ⊥ QS. C| C, C †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PQ2 + PS2 = 2PT2 + QS2 − [Link] cÖgvY : C †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë AC = BC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
cÖgvY : Avevi, C †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë AC = BC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
1|  PTQ GKwU mg‡KvYx wZfzR [ PT ⊥ QS]
A_©vr CC †iLvi mKj we›`y A I B n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x|
wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i, A_©vr A, B we›`yMvgx mKj e„‡Ëi †K›`ª CC †iLvq _vK‡e|
(cÖgvwYZ)
 PQ2 = PT2 + QT2 -----------------------(i)
2| Avevi,  PTS mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †ÿ‡Î œ 28  myg‡bi R¨vwgwZ e‡· iwÿZ `yBwU †cw݇ji ˆ`N©¨ 5
cÖk-
PS2 = PT2 + ST2 ----------------------(ii) †[Link]. I 6 †[Link].| mygb Zvi †cwÝj¸‡jvi Øviv 45 I 60 †KvY
3| (i) I (ii) bs †hvM K‡i cvB, ˆZwi Kivi †Póv K‡i|
PQ2 + PS2 = 2PT2 + QT2 + ST2------(iii)
4| GLb, K. †cwÝj K¤úv‡mi mvnv‡h¨ 45 I 60 †KvY Gu‡K
QS = QT + TS wPwýZ Ki| 2
ev, QS2 = (QT + TS)2 L. `yBwU †cw݇ji ˆ`‡N©¨i mgwói mgvb cwimxgv wewkó
ev, QS2 = QT2 + TS2 + [Link] GKwU wÎfzR AuvK hvi f‚wg msjMœ †KvYØq 45 I 60|
ev, QT2 + TS2 = QS2 − [Link]-----(iv) (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K) 4
5| (iii) bs mgxKi‡Y (QT2 + TS2) Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
PQ + PS = 2PT + QS − [Link] (cÖgvwYZ)
2 2 2 2 M. ¶z ` ª Zi †cw݇ji ˆ`N© ¨‡K e¨vm a‡i GKwU e„ Ë
œ 27  C I C †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq ci¯úi‡K A I B we›`y‡Z †Q`
cÖk- AuvK| D³ e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv‡`i
K‡i‡Q| AšÍfz©³ †KvY 60 nq| (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY
K. A I B we›`y w`‡q `yBwU e„‡Ëi GKwU mvaviY R¨v AuvK| 2 Avek¨K) 4
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, CC †iLvsk AB R¨v‡K mg‡Kv‡Y  28bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| 4 K.
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, `yBwU wbw`©ó we›`y A I B w`‡q hvq
Ggb me e„‡Ëi †K›`ª¸‡jv GKB mij‡iLvq
Aew¯’Z| 4
 27bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  45 60
 
K †`Iqv Av‡Q, C Ges C A L.
†K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq ci¯úi‡K P
11 †[Link].
A I B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| C C
A, B †hvM Kwi| AB-B
`yBwU e„‡Ëi mvaviY R¨v| B
L g‡b Kwi, C, C †K›`ª wewkó A
45 60
`ywU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K A, B we›`y‡Z x Y
†Q` K‡i‡Q| AB e„Ë؇qi C C we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv P = 11 †m.
mvaviY R¨v| cªgvY Ki‡Z wg. Ges f‚wg msjMœ `yBwU †KvY I = 45 Iy= 60 †`Iqv
n‡e CC †iLvsk AB R¨v‡K B Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
mg‡Kv‡Y mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
A¼b : A, B; B, C; A, C Ges B, C †hvM Kwi|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  356
L
M L. wP‡Î LMN I FGH e„Ë `yBwUi †K›`ª h_vµ‡g A I B Ges
Zv‡`i e¨vmva© h_vµ‡g a = 25 †[Link]. I b = 15 †[Link].| e„Ë
H A G `yBwUi GKwU mij mvaviY ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
(1) e¨vmva© a Gi mgvb K‡i GKwU mij‡iLv XY wfbœfv‡e AuvwK|
(2) GB †iLvi X we›`y †_‡K b e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb Ask †K‡U
D B C E F wb‡j Aci YZ AskwUi ˆ`N©¨ n‡e (a − b)|
A¼b : (3) Gevi A †K †K›`ª K‡i (a − b) Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ DF †_‡K cwimxgv P Gi mgvb K‡i DE Ask PQR e„Ë AuvwK|
†K‡U wbB| D I E we›`y‡Z DE †iLvs‡ki GKB cv‡k x Gi (4) A, B †hvM Kwi| AB Gi ga¨we›`y K wbY©q Kwi|
mgvb K‡i EDL Ges y Gi mgvb DEM AuvwK| (5) K †K †K›`ª K‡i KA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë
(2) †KvY `yBwUi mgwØLÊK DG I EH AuvwK| AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Aw¼Z e„ËwU PQR e„ˇK C we›`y‡Z
(3) g‡b Kwi DG I EH iwk¥Øq ci¯úi‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` †Q` K‡i|
K‡i| A we›`y‡Z ADE Gi mgvb DAB Ges AED (6) B, C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, BC †iLvwU PQR e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K n‡e|
Gi mgvb AEC AuvwK| (7) GLb A, C †hvM Kwi Ges ewa©Z Kwi| g‡b Kwi, Zv
(4) AB Ges AC iwk¥Øq DE †iLvsk‡K h_vµ‡g B I C LMN e„ˇK O we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i|
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| (8) B we›`y w`‡q BE || AO AuvwK Ggb g‡b Kwi, Zv FGH
Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR| e„ËwU‡K E we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i|
M. (8) cwi‡k‡l O, E †hvM Kwi|
Y Zvn‡j, OE †iLvB wb‡Y©q ¯úk©K|
M.
a E
5 cm P P C
x O L

Z
K M
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó XYZ GKwU e„Ë hvi R L 

e¨vm a = 5cm| XYZ e„‡Ë Giƒc `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e A

hv‡`i AšÍfz©³ †KvY 60 nq|
A¼b : XYZ e„‡Ëi cwiwai Dci P †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU we›`y D
wbB| O, P †hvM Kwi Ges OP †K L ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi †hb OP Q N F
= PL nq| P †h †K›`ª K‡i OP ev PL Gi mgvb e¨mva© wb‡q wP‡Î A †K›`ª w ewkó LNM e„ ‡ Ëi e¨vmva© a = 25 †[Link]. Ges
GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvcwU XYZ e„ˇK YI Z we›`y‡Z †Q` PQ GKwU wbw`© ó mij‡iLv| LMN e„ ‡ Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk© K
K‡i| Y, LGes Z, L †hvM Kwi| Au v K‡Z n‡e hv, PQ mij‡iLvi mgvšÍivj n‡e|
Zvn‡j YL Ges ZL DwÏó ¯úk©KØq hv‡`i Aš‘f©³ †KvY 60| A¼b :
(1) A we›`y †_‡K PQ Gi Ici RA j¤^ AuvwK| RA, PQ
œ 29  a = 25 †[Link]. Ges b = 15 †[Link]. h_vµ‡g A I B
cÖk- †iLv‡K K we›`y‡Z Ges LMN e„ˇK M we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
†K›`ªwewkó `yBwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©| (2) RA †K ewa©Z Ki‡j Zv e„ËwUi L we›`yi mv‡_ †Q` K‡i|
K. mswÿß weeiYmn e„Ë `ywU AuvK| 2 (3) ML †iLvi Ici M I L we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g CD I EF j¤^
L. e„Ë `yBwUi GKwU mij mvaviY ¯úk©K AuvK| Uvwb|
A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4 Zvn‡j, CD ev EF-B wb‡Y©q ¯úk©K n‡e|
M. A †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv
œ 30  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi T GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y|
cÖk-
GKwU wbw`©ó mij‡iLvi mgvšÍivj nq| 4
K. T we›`y n‡Z D³ e„‡Ë GKwU ¯úk©K AuvK| 2
 29bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L. A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4
K. M. D³ e„‡Ë Ggb `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv‡`i
O AšÍf©y³ †KvY 60 nq| 4
L
a = 2.5 R
C H
E  30bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
Z
X Y A K. wP‡Î O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi
b=1.5 a−b=1
K B A
P Q T GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y| T
F G
we›`y †_‡K TA ev TB T • O
M
N X
¯úk©K AuvKv n‡jv| B •
†h‡Kv‡bv we›`y A I B †K †K›`ª K‡i h_vµ‡g a = 25 †[Link].
Ges b = 15 †[Link]. e¨vmva© wewkó `yBwU e„Ë LMN I FGH L. A¼b :
AuvwK| (1) T, O †hvM Kwi|
(2) TO †iLvs‡ki ga¨we›`y X wbY©q Kwi|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  357
(3) GLb X- †K †K›`ª K‡i XO-Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU L.
e„Ë AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Aw¼Z e„ËwU cÖ`Ë e„ˇK A I B F

we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|

L
(4) A, T Ges B, T †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j AT ev BT-B wb‡Y©q ¯úk©K| M
M. A N
O
B
90 H

D B C G D
O 120 60 C ABC-Gi AC evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i Ggb GKwU ewne„©Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
90
A
(1) BC I BA evû‡K h_vµ‡g D Ges F ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi|
wP‡Î O †K›`ª wewkó ABD GKwU e„Ë| ABD e„‡Ë Giƒc (2) ACD Ges CAF-Gi mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g CM Ges
AN iwk¥ AuvwK| Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
`yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e hv‡`i AšÍf©y³ †KvY 60 nq|
(3) O we›`y n‡Z BF-Gi Ici OL j¤^ AuvwK| O we›`y‡K
A¼b: †K›`ª K‡i OL-Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK|
(1) OA †h‡Kv‡bv e¨vmva© wbB Ges AOB = 120 AuvwK| Zvn‡j Giƒ‡c Aw¼Z e„ËB wb‡Y©q e„Ë|
(2) OB iwk¥ e„ËwU‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| M. ÔLÕ wPÎ †_‡K cvB,
(3) cwi‡k‡l OB †iLvi Ici B we›`y‡Z Ges OA †iLvi Ici ABC mgevû e‡j BAC = ACB = 60
A we›`y‡Z `yBwU j¤^ Uvwb| g‡b Kwi GB j¤^ iwk¥Øq C  ACD = CAF = 120
1 1
we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq| Zvn‡j, AC I BC-B wb‡Y©q GLb, ACO = 2ACD = 2  120 = 60
¯úk©KØq, hv‡`i AšÍf©y³ ACB = 60 n‡e| 1 1
Ges CAO = CAF =  120 = 60
2 2
œ 31  ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR hvi GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 5  AOC = 180 − 60 − 60 = 60
cÖk-
†[Link].|  OAC-G ACO = CAO = AOC
K. mswÿß weeiYmn ABC AuvwK| 2 myZivs, OAC mgevû
L. Gi AC evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i Ggb GKwU ewne„©Ë AuvK|  AO = CO = AC = 5 †[Link].
O we›`y †_‡K OH ⊥ AC A¼b Kwi hv A †K H we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j,
A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4 mg‡KvYx OAH Ges mg‡KvYx  COH-G
M. e„ËwUi e¨vmva© wbY©q Ki| 4 AwZfzR AO = AwZfzR CO Ges OH evû mvaviY
 31bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   OAH  COH
1 5
K.  AH = CH = AC = †[Link].
2 2
A mg‡KvYx COH n‡Z wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i cvB,
CO2 = OH2 + CH2
†[Link]. 5 2

a
5 ev, 52 = OH2 + 2()
25
ev, OH2 = 25 − 4
100 − 25
ev, OH2 = 4
B C 75
ev, OH2 = 4
mgevû ABC A¼b Kwi hvi cÖwZwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 5
 OH = 433 †[Link].
†[Link].| myZivs e„ËwUi e¨vmva© 433 †[Link].|