LIGHTING SYSTEM
DESIGN & MANUAL CALCULATION
LIGHTING
SYSTEM DESIGN
I. Introduction to Illumination Engineering
II. Methods for Basic Interior/Indoor Lighting
Design and Basic Outdoor/Exterior Lighting
Design
III. Classification of Lighting scheme based on
application
IV. Definition of Terms
V. Indoor Lighting System Design using Zonal
Cavity Method or Lumen Method
In general, design of lighting system involves
the quantity and quality of lights used.
Quantity of Light - means the amount of
illumination of the luminous flux per unit area.
The
quantity can be easily handled and easily
measured because it deals with the number of
lighting fixtures for a common area.
Quality of Light - pertains to the distribution of
brightness in lightning installations.
The design of lighting schemes should posses the following characteristics:
A.) It should provide adequate illumination
B.) It should provide light distribution all over the working plane as uniform
as possible
C.) It should avoid glare and hard shadow as much as possible
D.) It should provide light of suitable color
While designing the lighting scheme, the following factors should be
considered:
A.) Illumination level E.) Glare
B.) Uniformity of Illumination F.) Mounting Heights
C.) Color of Light G.) Spacing of Luminaires
D.) Shadow H.) Color of Surrounding Walls
BASIC INTERIOR/INDOOR LIGHTING DESIGN
A.) It should provide adequate illumination
B.) It should provide light distribution all over the working plane as uniform as possible
C.) It should avoid glare and hard shadow as much as possible
D.) It should provide light of suitable color
Note: For interior Lighting System Design, the usual method used is the Zonal Cavity
Method or the Lumen Method
BASIC EXTERIOR/OUTDOOR LIGHTING DESIGN
For outdoor design, only the light that reaches the surface directly from the luminaire is considered.
Outdoor lightings refers to the lighting of open level areas w/ luminaires mounted above grade,
typically on poles or structures. Applications include open parking areas, walkways, bikeways,
storage yard and sports facilities. However, some technical factors have to be considered in
designing an exterior lighting system such as glare, visibility color, illuminance, luminance and
brightness.
Note: For Outdoor Lighting System Design, the usual method used is the Point-by-Point
Method
CLASSIFICATION OF LIGHTING SYSTEM BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT
TYPES OF LUMINAIRES USED
This can be classified according to source, mounting height, construction, application and/or
photometric characteristics.
I. Direct Lighting- when luminaires direct 90% to 100% of their output downward.
II. Semi-direct Lighting- the distribution from semi-direct unit is predominantly downward from
60% to 90% range light output.
III. General-Diffuse – when downward and upward components of light from luminaires are about
equal (each 40% to 60% of the total luminaire output).
IV. Semi-Indirect – lighting systems that emit 60% to 90% of their output outward.
V. Indirect – lighting systems classified as indirect w/c directs 90% to 100% of their light output
upward to the ceiling and upper sidewalls.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Illumination - the distribution of light on the surface. The metric system unit for illumination
is lux or lumen per square meter (lm/m2).
Lumen - a measurement of light emitted by a light source.
Efficacy - the ratio of light produced to energy consumed. Also known as “Luminaire
Efficiency” or “Light Output Ratio”.
Luminous intensity - the quantity of visible light emitted in unit time per unit solid angle.
SI unit is candela or candlepower.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Yellow Label - as required by DTI on the packaging of the commercial lamps. Must have the
following information as a guide for the customers.
A.) Light Output in lumens
B.) Power consumption in watts
C.) Lamp Efficacy
D.) Average Life/Burning Hours
Luminaire - is defined as a lightning unit consisting of the following components:
A.) Optical Devices – to distribute light
B.) Sockets – to position and protect the lamps.
C.) Mechanical Devices
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Coefficient of Utilization – ratio of the lumen reaching the working plane to the total lumens
given out or emitted by the luminaire or lamp. For direct lightning
C.U. is about 0.4-0.6, 0.1-0.4 for indirect lightning but nowadays,
we commonly used 0.80.
Depreciation Factor – it is defined as the ratio of illumination under condition that
everything is perfectly clean to the illumination under normal
working condition.
Maintenance Factor – reciprocal of depreciation factor.
Dirty – 0.60, Average – 0.70, Clean – 0.80, Very Clean – 0.90
Space to Height Ratio – This is the ratio of space between luminaires (S) to their height
above working plane (H).
ZONAL CAVITY METHOD OR LUMEN METHOD
ExA
____________
N=
x C.U.x M.F.
Where;
N = number of lamps or luminaires required
E = illumination level in lux or lumens/m2
A = floor area
C.U. = coefficient of utilization
M.F. = maintenance factor
= flux required in lumens
LIGHTING LAYOUT DESIGN:
SL= 30 m/11 = 2.727 m
SW= 20 m/4 = 5 m
2.5 m
2.727 m 1.365 m
5m
5m 20 meters
5m
2.5 m
30 meters
RECOMMENDED ILLUMINATION
LEVEL
Bedroom = 100 lux
Toilets = 200 lux
Living Room = 100-200 lux
Porch = 75-150 lux
Dining Area = 150-200 lux
Kitchen = 500 lux
Balcony = 100 lux
Hallway = 200 lux
Stairs = 200 lux
4m 1m 4m
4m 4m
FLOOR PLAN
SAMPLE DESIGN
2m
5m
6m
3m
5m