CH APTER 9

Heredity and
Evolution

ed
Multiple Choice Q uestions
1 . E xc h a nge of ge n etic m a terial t a k es place i n
(a) veget a tive rep rod u ction

h
(b) asex u a l rep rod u ctio n

pu T
is
(c) sex u a l rep rod u ctio n
(d) b u dding
re ER
bl
2 . T wo pi n k colo u red flowers o n crossi ng res u lted i n 1 red, 2 pi n k
a n d 1 w h ite flower p roge n y. T h e n a t u re of t h e cross will be
(a) do u ble fertilisa tion
be C

(b) self polli n a tion

(c) cross fertilisation
o N

(d) no fertilisa tion

3 . A cross betwee n a t a ll pla n t (T T) a n d s h ort pea pla n t (tt) res u lted
i n p roge n y t h a t were a ll t a ll pl a n ts beca u se
©

(a) t all n ess is t h e dom i n a n t tr ait

(b) s hort n ess is t h e dom i n a n t tr ait
(c) t all ness is t he recessive tr ait
(d) h eigh t of pea pl a n t is n ot gover n ed b y ge n e ‘T’ or ‘t’

4 . W h ic h of t h e followi ng st a te m e n t is i n cor rect?

(a) F or every h or m o n e t h ere is a ge n e.
tt

(b) F or every p rotei n t h ere is a ge n e.

(c) F or p rod u ctio n of every e n zy m e t h ere is a ge n e.
(d) F or every m olec u le of fa t t h ere is a ge n e
no

5 . If a rou nd, green seeded pea plant (RR yy) is crossed with wrin kled,
yellow seeded pea plant, (rr YY) the seeds produced in F1 generation are
(a) ro u n d a n d yellow
(b) ro u n d a n d gree n
(c) w ri n k led a n d gree n
(d) w ri n k led a n d yellow
 6 . I n h u m a n m a les a ll t h e c h ro m oso m es a re p a ired perfectly excep t
on e. T h is / t h ese u n p aired c h romosom e is / a re
(i) la rge c h rom osom e
(ii) s m all c h romosom e
(iii) Y-c h ro m oso m e
(iv) X -c h romosom e

(a) (i) a n d (ii) (b) (iii) o n ly

(c) (iii) a n d (iv) (d) (ii) a n d (iv)
7 . T h e m a le n ess of a c h ild is deter m i n ed b y

ed
(a) t h e X c h ro m oso m e i n t h e zygote
(b) t h e Y c h ro m oso m e i n zygote
(c) t h e cytoplas m of ger m cell w h ic h deter m i n es t h e sex
(d) sex is deter m i n ed b y c h a n ce

h
pu T
8 . A zygote w h ic h h as a n X -c h ro m oso m e i n h erited fro m t h e fa t h er

is
will develop i n to a
re ER
(a) b o y

bl
(b) girl
(c) X - c h ro m oso m e does n ot deter m i n e t h e sex of a c h ild
(d) eit h er boy or girl
be C

9 . Select t he i ncorrect statemen t

(a) F req u ency of certain genes in a pop u lation ch a nge over several
o N

ge n er a tion s res u lti ng i n evol u tion

(b) Red u ctio n i n weigh t of t h e orga n is m d u e to st a rv a tio n is
ge n etically con trolled
©

(c) Low weigh t p a re n ts ca n h ave h eavy weigh t p roge n y

(d) T r a its w h ic h a re n ot i n h erited over ge n er a tio n s do n ot ca u se
evol u tion

10. New species m a y be for m ed if

(i) D N A u n dergoes sign ifica n t c h a nges i n ger m cells
(ii) c h rom osom e n u m ber c h a nges i n t h e ga m ete
tt

(iii) t h ere is no c h a nge i n t h e ge n etic m a terial

(iv) m a ti ng does n ot t a k e pl ace
no

(a) (i) a n d (ii) (b) (i) a n d (iii)

(c) (ii), (iii) a n d (iv) (d) (i), (ii) a n d (iii)

11. T wo pea pla n ts o n e wit h ro u n d gree n seeds (R Ryy) a n d a n ot h er

wit h w ri n k led yellow (r rYY ) seeds p rod u ce F1 p roge n y t h a t h ave
ro u n d, yellow (R rYy) seeds. W h e n F 1 pla n ts a re selfed, t h e F 2
progen y will h ave new com bi n a tion of ch a r acters. C hoose t he new
co m bi n a tio n fro m t h e followi ng

74 E X E M P L A R P R O B L E M S – SCIE NC E
 (i) Ro u n d, yellow
(ii) Ro u n d, gree n
(iii) W ri n k led, yellow
(iv) W ri n k led, gree n
(a) (i) a n d (ii) (b) (i) a n d (iv)
(c) (ii) a n d (iii) (d) (i) a n d (iii)

12. A b as k et of veget a bles con t ai n s ca rrot, pot a to, r a dis h a n d tom a to.
W h ic h of t h e m rep rese n t t h e cor rect h om ologo u s str u ct u res?
(a) C a r rot a n d pot a to
(b) C a r rot a n d to m a to
(c) R a dis h a n d ca r rot

ed
(d) R a dis h a n d pot a to

13. Select t h e correct st a te m e n t

h
(a) T e n d r i l of a p e a p l a n t a n d p h y l l oc l a d e of O p u n ti a a r e

pu T
h o m ologo u s

is
(b) Ten dril of a pea pla n t a n d p h yllocla de of O p u nti a a re a n alogou s
re ER
(c) Wi ngs of bir ds a n d li m bs of liz a r ds a re a n a logo u s

bl
(d) Wi ngs of bir ds a n d wi ngs of b a t a re h o m ologo u s

14. If t h e fossil of a n orga n is m is fo u n d i n t h e deeper la yers of ea rt h ,

be C

t h e n we ca n p redict t h a t
(a) t h e exti n ctio n of orga n is m h as occ u r red rece n tly
o N

(b) t h e ex ti n ctio n of orga n is m h as occ u r red t h o u sa n ds of yea rs

ago
(c) t he fossil position i n t he layers of ea rt h is not related to its time
©

of exti n ction
(d) ti m e of exti n ction ca n not be deter m i n ed

15. W h ic h of t h e followi ng st a te m e n ts is n ot t r u e wit h respect to

va ria tion?
(a) All va ria tio n s i n a species h ave eq u al c h a n ce of s u rvival
(b) C h a nge i n ge n etic com positio n res u lts i n va ria tio n
tt

(c) Selection of va ria n ts by e n viron m e n t al factors for m s t h e b asis

of evol u tion a ry p rocesses.
(d) V a ria tio n is m i n i m u m i n asex u al rep rod u ctio n
no

16. A tr ait i n a n orga n is m is i n fl u e n ced b y

(a) p a ter n a l D N A o n ly
(b) m a ter n a l D N A o n ly
(c) bot h m a ter n a l a n d p a ter n a l D N A
(d) n eit h er b y p a ter n a l n or b y m a ter n a l D N A

H E R E D ITY A ND E V O L U TI O N 75
 17. Select t h e gro u p w h ic h s h a res m a xi m u m n u m ber of co m m o n
ch aracters
(a) two i n divid u a ls of a species
(b) two species of a ge n u s
(c) two ge n er a of a fa m ily
(d) two ge n er a of two fa m ilies

18. Accor di ng to t h e evol u tio n a ry t h eory, for m a tio n of a n ew species

is ge n er a lly d u e to
(a) s u d de n crea tio n b y n a t u re
(b) acc u m u la tion of va ria tion s over sever al ge n er a tion s

ed
(c) clo n es for m ed d u ri ng asex u a l rep rod u ctio n
(d) m ove m e n t of i n divid u als from o n e h a bit a t to a n ot h er

19. F ro m t h e list give n below, select t h e c h a r acter w h ic h ca n be

h
acq u ired b u t n ot i n h erited

pu T
is
(a) colo u r of eye
(b) colo u r of s k i n
re ER
(c) size of bod y

bl
(d) n a t u re of h a ir
20. T h e two version s of a tr ait (c h a r acter) w h ic h a re b ro ugh t i n by t h e
be C

m ale a n d fe m ale ga m etes a re sit u a ted o n

(a) copies of t h e sa m e c h ro m oso m e
o N

(b) two differe n t c h romosom es

(c) sex c h romosom es
(d) a n y c h ro m oso m e
©

21. Select t h e st a te m e n ts t h a t describe c h a r acteristics of ge n es

(i) ge n es a re specific seq u e n ce of b ases i n a D N A m olec u le
(ii) a ge n e does n ot code for p rotei n s
(iii) i n i n divid u als of a give n species, a specific ge n e is loca ted on a
p a rtic u la r c h rom osom e
(iv) eac h c h ro m oso m e h as o n ly o n e ge n e
(a) (i) a n d (ii) (b) (i) a n d (iii)
tt

(c) (i) a n d (iv) (d) (ii) a n d (iv)

22. In peas, a p u re t all pla n t (T T) is crossed wit h a s hort pla n t (tt). T he
no

r a tio of p u re t a ll pl a n ts to s h or t pl a n ts i n F 2 is
(a) 1 : 3
(b) 3 : 1
(c) 1 : 1
(d) 2 : 1

76 E X E M P L A R P R O B L E M S – SCIE NC E
23. The n u mber of pair (s) of sex chromosomes in the zygote of h u m a ns is

(a) one (b) two

(c) t h ree (d) fo u r
24. T he t heory of evol u tion of species by n at u ral selection was given by

(a) Me n del (b) D a rwi n

(c) Morga n (d) La m arck

25. Some dinosa u rs h a d feat hers alt hough t hey cou ld not fly b u t birds
h ave fea t hers t h a t help t hem to fly. In t he con text of evol u tion t h is
mea ns t h at

ed
(a) rep tiles h ave evolved fro m bir ds
(b) t here is no evol u tion a ry con nection between reptiles a n d birds
(c) fea t h ers a re h o m ologo u s str u ct u res i n bot h t h e orga n is m s

h
(d) bir ds h ave evolved fro m rep tiles

pu T
is
Short A nswer Q uestions
re ER
bl
26. H ow is t h e sex of a n ew bor n deter m i n ed i n h u m a n s?

27. D o ge n etic co m bi n a tio n of m ot h ers pl a y a sign ific a n t role i n

deter m i n i ng t h e sex of a n ew bor n?
be C

28. Men tion t h ree im porta n t feat u res of fossils w hich help in t he st u dy
of evol u tion .
o N

29. W h y do a ll t h e ga m etes for m ed i n h u m a n fe m a les h ave a n X

c h romosom e?
©

30. In h u m a n beings, t he statistical prob a bility of getting eit her a m ale

or fe m a le c h ild is 5 0 : 5 0. G ive a s u it a ble ex pla n a tio n .

31. A very sm all pop ulation of a species faces a greater threat of extinction
t h a n a larger pop u lation. Provide a s u itable genetic expla n ation.

32. W h at are homologou s str u ct u res? G ive a n exa m ple. Is it necessary

t h a t h o m ologo u s str u ct u res a lw a ys h ave a co m m o n a n cestor?
tt

33. D oes t h e occ u rre n ce of diversity of a n i m als on ea rt h s uggest t h eir

diverse a n cestry also? D isc u ss t h is poi n t i n t h e ligh t of evol u tion .
no

34. G ive t h e p a ir of co n t r asti ng t r a its of t h e followi ng c h a r acters i n

pea pla n t a n d m e n tio n w h ic h is dom i n a n t a n d recessive

(i) yellow seed (ii) ro u n d seed

35. W h y did Me n del c h oose pea pla n t for h is ex peri m e n ts?

H E R E D ITY A ND E V O L U TI O N 77
 36. A wo m a n h as o n ly d a u gh ters. A n a lyse t h e sit u a tio n ge n etica lly
a n d p rovide a s u it a ble ex pla n a tio n .

Long A nswer Q uestions

37. D oes geogr a p h ica l isola tio n of i n divid u a ls of a species lea d to
for m a tio n of a n ew species? Provide a s u it a ble ex pla n a tio n .

38. B acteria h ave a si m pler bod y pla n w h e n co m p a red wit h h u m a n

bei ngs. D oes it m ea n t h a t h u m a n bei ngs a re m ore evolved t h a n
b acteria? Provide a s u it a ble ex pla n a tio n .

39. All t h e h u m a n r aces li k e Africa n s, Asia n s, E u ropea n s, A m erica n s

ed
a n d ot hers m igh t h ave evolved from a com mon a ncestor. Provide a
few evide n ces i n s u p port of t h is view.

40. D ifferen tiate between i n herited a n d acq u ired ch a r acters. G ive one

h
ex a m ple for eac h type.

pu T
41. G ive reason s w h y acq u ired c h a r acters a re not i n h erited.

is
re ER
42. E vol u tio n h as ex h ibited a grea ter st a bility of m olec u la r str u ct u re
w h e n com p a red wit h m or p h ological str u ct u res. C om m e n t o n t h e

bl
st a te m e n t a n d j u stify yo u r opi n io n .

43. I n t h e followi ng crosses w rite t h e c h a r acteristics of t h e p roge n y

be C

Cross Progeny

(a) R R YY x R R YY ...........................
o N

Ro u n d, yellow Ro u n d, yellow ...........................

(b) R r Yy x R r Yy ...........................
Ro u n d, yellow Ro u n d, yellow ...........................
©

(c) r r yy x r r yy ...........................
w ri n k led, gree n w ri n k led, gree n ...........................
(d) RR YY x r r yy ...........................
Ro u n d, yellow w ri n k led gree n ...........................

44. St u dy t h e followi ng cross a n d s howi ng self polli n a tion i n F 1 , fill i n

t h e bla n k a n d a n swer t h e q u estio n t h a t follows
Paren ts RRYY x r r yy
tt

Ro u n d, yellow w ri n k led, gree n

F1 — R r Yy x ?
no

Ro u n d, yellow
45. I n q u estio n 4 4, w h a t a re t h e co m bi n a tio n s of c h a r acter i n t h e F 2
p roge n y? W h a t a re t h eir r a tios?
46. G ive t h e b asic fea t u res of t h e m ec h a n is m of i n h erit a n ce.
47. G ive reasons for t he a ppeara nce of new com bin ations of ch aracters
i n t h e F 2 p roge n y.

78 E X E M P L A R P R O B L E M S – SCIE NC E