Building
Construction
Contents
Introduction
Sizes Of Doors
Types Of Doors
1. Revolving Door
2. M. S. Sheet Door
3. Swing Door
4. Collapsible Door
5. Rolling Steel Shutter & Rolling Grill Door
6. Fire Check Door
Types of Doors
Types of Doors
Introduction
Door:-
A door may be defined as a framework of wood, steel,
aluminum, glass or combination of these material secured in
an opening left in a wall for the purposes of providing access
to the users of the structures.
It basically consists of two parts i.e.
1. A frame
2. shutter
Types of Doors
Function
Very important as aspect to planning process.
Helps in ventilation and admit light in the structure
Provide privacy of sound and sight.
They also provides safety Etc.
Types of Doors
Sr. No. Types of building Sizes of door (mm)
Doors of Residential Buildings
a)External door 1000 x 2000
1.
b)Internal door 900 x 2000
c)Door for bath or w . c 800 x 2000
Doors of public building like
a) School 1200 x 2000
2.
B) Hospital 1200 x 2100
c) Library etc. 1200 x 2250
3 Doors of garage for cars 2250 x 2250
Types of Doors
1)Revolving Door
Revolving door provides entrance on one side and exit on the
other simultaneously keeping the opening automatically
closed when not in use.
This types of door is advantageously provided in place where
there is regular foot traffic of people entering in and going out
of the building especially when it is air conditions or situated
near in a peace where strong winds below for most part of the
year.
Types of Doors
2)M. S Sheet Door.
This type of door is recommended for railway goods sheds,
garage, warehouse.
The door is normally provided with two shutter. The door shutter
is fabricated from angle iron or channel frame which is suitably
braced with the M. S. Sheet flats placed horizontally.
Types of Doors
3)Swing door
This types of door is generally provided in passages of public
building like offices , banks etc.
The door may have single shutter or two shutters. The shutters
are fixed with special hinged known as double action spring
hinges which hold the shutter in closed position when in use.
Types of Doors
4)Collapsible Door
These doors are extensively used for shops, garage, public
buildings, warehouse etc. and in situation where width of
opening is large and provision of hinged shutter becomes
difficult for want of space.
These doors are also used from the consideration of safety and
protection of the property.
These doors are commonly recommended in situations where
light and ventilation are desired even when the opening is
closed
Types of Doors
5) a) Rolling Steel Door
These doors commonly used for show windows, stores, shop
front and warehouse etc.
The shutter consist of thin steel slabs about 1.25mm thick
interlocked to each other and coiled upon the specially
designed pipe shaft. When the area of door opening is more
than 10 sq. m. the shutter is generally opened or closed by
means of chain pulley blocks.
Types of Doors
b) Rolling Grill Door
The design, construction and operation of rolling grill door is
similar to the rolling steel door in all respects except the type of
shutter. The rolling grill shutter can be manufactured in a
Variety of designer to suit the individual’s choice.
This type of door is used in situations where besides protection
and safety, visibility and ventilation is also desired. It also used in
places like transformer rooms, substations etc.
Types of Doors
6)Fire Check Door
Fire check doors are required to control and restrict the spread
of fire through the door openings thereby minimizing the
damage of the adjoining property in the event of fire.
The doors can be of sliding, hinged, manually operated or
automatic type.
Types of Slabs
What is a Slab?
• Slabs are constructed to provide flat surfaces, usually
horizontally in building floors, roofs, bridges & other types of
structures.
• The slab may be supported by walls by reinforced beams
usually cast monolithically with the slab, by structural steel
beams, by columns
Types of slabs
There are several types of slabs let’s consider few below
Flat slab
Flat slab
Flat slab with drop panel
Flat slab with column head
Flat slab with drop panel and column head
Conventional slab
One-way slab
Two-way slab
Types of Slabs
Flat slab
It is reinforced concrete slab supported directly by concrete
columns.
It do not have beams. They are supported on columns itself.
Loads are directly transferred to columns.
In this type of constructions a plan ceiling is obtained, thus
gives attractive appearance from architectural point of view.
It is easier to construct and requires less formwork.
Thickness of flat slab is minimum 8 inch of 0.2 m.
Types of Slabs
It can be used where:
To provide plain ceiling surface giving better diffusion of light.
Easy constructability with economy in the formwork
This type of slabs are provided in parking
Types of Slabs
Advantages of Flat Slab
Auto sprinkler is easier
Less construction time
It increases shear strength of slabs
Types of Slabs
There are four different types
of flat slab
1. Flat slab.
2. Flat slab with drop panel.
3. Flat slab with column head.
4. Flat slab with drop panel and column head.
Types of Slabs
Conventional Slab
The slab which is supported with Beams and column is called
conventional slab.
In conventional slab is small whereas depth of beam is lager
and load is transferred to beams and from beams to columns.
It requires more formwork when compare with the flat slab.
The thickness of conventional slab is 4 inch or 10cm
Conventional slabs are used in construction floors of
multistoried building.
Types of Slabs
Two types of conventional slab
1. One-way slab
2. Two –way slab
Types of Slabs
Difference between one-way
& two-way
One-way slab Two-way slab
1. One way slab is supported by beams in only 2 1. Two way slab is supported by beams in all four
sides sides.
2. The ratio of longer span panel (L) to shorter span 2. The ratio of longer span panel(L)to shorter span
panel(B) is equal or grater than 2 panel (B) is less than 2.
Thus/B>=2 Thus/B<2.
[Link] reinforcement is provided in only one [Link] reinforcement is provided in both the
direction for one way slabs. direction for two way slabs.
4. 4.
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Types of Walls
WALL
A Vertical load-bearing member.
Wall fulfills the function of privacy , security and protection
against natural factors.
It supports roof and ceilings.
the main purpose of the wall is to divide the space of the
building..
Types of Walls
WALL
EXTERNAL WALL INTERNAL WALL
SUPER STRUCTURAL SUB STRUTURAL
(above ground) (under ground)
Types of Walls
Types of Walls
Load bearing wall
They are meant to carry super imposed loads in addition to
their own weight.
The materials most often used to construct load-bearing walls in
large buildings are concrete , block or brick.
Types of Walls
LOAD BEARING WALL
Types of Walls
Load bearing walls
Load –bearing walls always run perpendicular to the ceiling
joints of your home.
All exterior walls are load bearing; interior walls that are
aligned above supports beams are also lead bearing.
Types of Walls
Non-load bearing walls
They carry their own load only.
The main purpose of these walls is to divide walls or serve as
partition walls.
They run perpendicular to the floors and ceiling.
Types of Walls
Non load bearing wall
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Types of Stairs
Stairs
“A set of steps leading from surface of a building to another
surface , typically inside the building is termed as Stairs”.
Types of Stairs
Why do you need stairs?
To protect people from injury and to facilitate access during
movement from one level to another in a building.
Types of Stairs
Parts of Stairs:
1. Step:
It is a portion of stair which permits ascent & decent.
2. Tread:
It is the upper horizontal portion of step upon which the
feet is placed.
3. Riser:
The vertical portion between each tread on the stair.
Types of Stairs
Main parts of stair
Types of Stairs
Types of Stair
1. Straight stair
2. Dog legged Stair
3. Quarter turn Stair
4. Open newel Stair
5. Circular stair
Types of Stairs
[Link] Stair
These are the stairs along which there is no change in direction
on any flight.
It is used where stair case hall is long and narrow.
Types of Stairs
[Link] legged stair:
It consists of two straight flights of steps with abrupt turn
between them. A level landing is placed across the two flights
at the change of direction.
This type of stairs is useful where the width of the staircase hall is
just sufficient to accommodate two width of stair.
Types of Stairs
[Link] turn stair
A stair turning through one right angle is known as quarter turn
stair.
The change in direction can be affected by either introducing
a landing or by providing winders.
Types of Stairs
[Link] Newel Stair:
In these type of stair there is a well or opening between the
flights in plan.
This well may be rectangular or of any geometrical shape and
it can be used for fixing lift.
Types of Stairs
[Link] stair
It is known as spiral stair.
When viewed from top it appears to follow a circle with a single
center of curvature.
The spiral stairs are provided where space available is limited
and traffic is low
These stairs can be constructed in R.C.C steel or stone.