Housing project at New Chandigarh

CHANDIGARH COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

SUBMITTED BY:
SHRISTI - MA 15/22
SIDHANT – MA 16/22
SUNNY – MA 17/22
VISHWA – MA 19/22

3rd Semester [Link].

SESSION: 2023-2024
1. Introduction
Introduction to the project
A Housing Neighbourhood is the most significant built form in the urban landscape and its success in achieving a sense of place is one of the bedrocks of social
community. A sense of place exists when residents have a permanent sense of belonging to somewhere of value. A harmonious Housing Neighbourhoods are one of
the fundamental demands for living. Access to a congenial Neighbourhood is one of the elementary human needs as well as one of the keys to peace and happiness.
Housing Neighbourhoods are human beings’ basic need; they are a very important issue of people’s everyday life. Therefore, the issue of an ideal Housing
Neighbourhood is also a central political concern for each country and government as it has critical social, economic and environmental implications.
From the social dimension, Housing Neighbourhoods have great impact on the social interaction. From the economic dimension, housing takes up a large proportion of
the average family’s budget and the construction sector is a large economic sector, so that it affects the economic situation of each household and the whole country.
From the environmental dimension, Housing Neighbourhoods are a large part of the build environment. It has great environmental impacts of resource input and
waste output resulted from both its construction and use.
With this intent the design studio this semester will focus on Chandigarh’s Neighbourhood planning & design. It will be an attempt to evaluate Chandigarh’s
neighbourhood and to develop innovative planning and design concepts in the contemporary context.

Defining a neighbourhood
A neighbourhood is a geographic area that is characterized by a sense of community and shared identity among
its residents. It is a place where people live, work, and play together. Neighbourhoods can be defined by a variety
of factors, including geography, culture, history, and social and economic conditions.
Neighbourhood housing refers to the residential properties within a neighbourhood. It includes single-family
homes, apartments, townhouses, and other types of housing. The goal of neighbourhood housing is to provide
safe, affordable, and comfortable living spaces for residents.
2. Identification of Components of Housing & Neighbourhood Design
In the exploration of housing and neighborhood design/planning, this chapter delves into the comprehensive identification of components, drawing insights from
authoritative sources such as URDPFI (Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation), Time-Saver standards, NBC (National Building Code),
and the UN Habitat guidelines.
By synthesizing information from these benchmarks, the chapter aims to provide a structured understanding of tangible aspects in design and planning, elucidating
guidelines, standards, and practical applications. Furthermore, the discussion incorporates the rich tapestry of case studies within the Indian context, offering a
nuanced exploration of real-world implementations.
Through a meticulous comparison of diverse approaches, the chapter strives to unveil the intricacies and variations in housing and neighborhood design, fostering a
holistic comprehension of the subject. Ultimately, the chapter concludes by distilling key findings, providing valuable insights into the essential components that
contribute to effective housing and neighborhood planning, thereby contributing to the ongoing discourse on creating sustainable, vibrant, and livable communities.

Components
Identification from different
& Mind research papers and books
webbing

Tangible Aspects:
Guidelines, laws
URDPFI, Time Savers
and quantities
And UN Habitat
Case studies in
India

Understanding
Definitions, aspects
and applying
 Components of Housing / Neighbourhood
COMPONENTS OF
HOUSING/
NEIGHBOURHOOD

PHYSICAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGICAL

ESSENTIAL CONCEPTUAL OPERATIONAL FUNCTIONAL CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL

Essential Visual Aspects SUSTAINABILITY Post-design

Aspects issues

Land Aesthetics Bioclimatic Accessibility Sense of safety

Meaning Management Gender Open Spaces Advanced
Techniques
techniques

Densities Legibility & Services/ Sense of

Identity Orientation Physical Maintenance Kinship Biodiversity belonging
characteristics Facilities Automation
Open Spaces
Human Scale Public Life Ecology Quality of life
Spatial Social relations Simulation
Finance organisation

Sense of
Politics ownership
Infrastructure Construction
materials

Labour Religion

Materials
Mind web
Assessment of Requirement of Housing URDPFI Guidelines, 2014. Ministry of Urban Development

Based on the projection of population and economic activities, town planners’ major pre‐occupation is to determine the demand for housing and other facilities in a
town. While dealing with housing, it is necessary to clearly distinguish between housing need and its demand. ‘Need’ refers to inadequacy of existing
provisions when compared with socially acceptable norms, while ‘demand’ is an economic concept wherein standard and amount of housing demand is
related to household’s income and ability to pay. Both housing need and demand are affected by factors such as housing shortage and rate of
obsolescence, whereas demand would be additionally affected by affordability and future housing needs.
Present housing need: By subtracting the number of unsuitable dwellings from the existing housing stock the present housing need can be estimated.
Future housing need: Further, the future housing need can be estimated from the projected number of additional households in the city. A simple way of doing
this is to estimate the future population of the city and divide it by the expected household size.
The household size is to be referred from National average family size. Demand estimation requires careful analysis of the affordability criterion. For this initial
capital cost of the housing units, total annual household income and annual economic rent have to be looked into simultaneously. The annual economic
rent can be further analysed based on the information on amortisation rates, interest rates, and cost of maintenance, repair and management

Physical: Essential
The UN-Habitat identified these components of housing in the form of key inputs of housing in housing
delivery process: land, building materials, finance, labour and infrastructure (UN-Habitat, 2010). These
inputs affect housing delivery in terms of the quality of the housing delivered, the supply of housing and
even the affordability of housing (Senayah, 2015).
Land according to the UN-Habitat is the most basic input in housing (UN-Habitat, 2011a), without which
housing cannot be realised. Its cost is affected by the complexities surrounding its location, value, accessibility
and legal status (Acioly, 1994) and by the processes of urbanisation, which create and increase urban land
values.
Therefore, the availability of land at affordable costs is fundamental to increasing the housing supply and
suppressing the growth of slums, which are areas of poor housing quality (UN-Habitat, 2011b).

Quigley & Raphael (2004) found out in a study in America that from 1968 to 1985 increase in housing prices
(cost) was proportional to an increase in non-land components of construction cost that includes labour and
building materials.
In Africa, according to UN-Habitat (2011b), building materials can contribute up to 80% of the total cost of
housing and as a result, they are seen as the main reason behind why housing is unaffordable.
Hierarchy of Urban Development URDPFI Guidelines, 2014. Ministry of Urban Development Simplified Urban Land use Classification
A planned city for an environment of convenience should have a
hierarchical structure; with each unit planned for basic self‐sufficiency.
The smallest planning unit is conceived as Housing Area for 5000 population
with convenience shopping, open area, Anganwadi and milk booth as
minimum infrastructure provision. The higher level of additional facilities is to
be provided at Neighbourhood, Community, District, Zonal, Sub‐city and
Regional levels. The hierarchy of development on the basis of population is

Proposed Land use Structure of Urban Centres

Organisation of houses in a neighbourhood Recommended Socio-cultural facilities
Hierarchy of Commercial Centres URDPFI Guidelines, 2014. Ministry of Urban Development
Density Residential Density
Density, at its most basic, is a measure of the number of units in a given area (Forsyth
2003, 3). Typically, density measures take into account three things: what unit is to be Residential density is normally expressed in terms of:
measured (housing, jobs, population, built floor areas, etc.); over what area the units are • Houses per unit land (dwelling units/hectare),
measured (parcel, neighborhood, city, metropolitan area); and what land will be • Habitable rooms per unit land (rooms/hectare)
included or excluded in that area (residential uses, streets and public infrastructure, local (Accommodation density) and
neighborhood uses, all land). • Persons per unit land (persons/hectare)
(Population Density).
Types of Density Measures
The following are some of the most commonly used measures for residential density:

• Site/parcel density.
• Block density.
• Net neighborhood density.
• Net neighborhood residential density.
• Net neighborhood residential
building type density.
• Gross neighborhood density.
• City or municipal density.
• Metropolitan density.

What is density? In simple terms, it is the ratio of housing units per

acre of land. Different housing types (e.g. single family homes, garden
apartments, high-rise apartments) yield different densities, and density
should always be chosen based on the scale and purpose of the
project. Whatever you develop, it should fit nicely into the surrounding
built and natural environment.
Residential Use Zone
Plotted housing:
An indicative size of dwelling unit:

The residential areas are developed

either as
(a) plotted development or
(b) flatted development. Flatted housing:

The density pattern i.e.

(high density, high medium
density, low medium density or
low density) are followed for
working out the pattern of
development with respect to
the size of plot to number of
dwelling units on each plot,
setbacks, FAR and the number of
storeys/ height of the building.
Density (Net Dwelling Density)
 Setbacks
Setbacks with respect to Abutting Road Width:

Setbacks based on Plot Sizes:

Open spaces URDPFI Guidelines, 2014. Ministry of Urban Development

The open spaces can include the following three categories, namely:
a) Recreational space
b) Organised green
c) Other common open spaces (such as vacant lands/ open spaces includi
ng flood plains, forest cover etc. in plain areas.
Considering open spaces, including all the above‐mentioned categories, pro
vision be 10‐12 sqm per person may be desirable.
However, in hilly areas the protected zones and ecological conservation area
s shall be considered to be over and above this open space requirement.
In the built up area (excluding recreational space, vacant land, flood pla
in, forest) the NBC suggests 3 sqm/ person as minimum norm.
The hierarchy for organised green such as parks, play fields and other
open spaces like specified park, amusement park, maidan, a multipurpo
se open space, botanical garden and zoological parks, traffic parks etc. are
as under:
Open spaces Time-Saver Standards
Street Standards
 Accessibility
Accessibility of Public Transport at Neighbourhood Level
Means of access

The recommended ECS required for different type of vehicles are:

For the provision of car parking, the area shall be given as per:
RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS IN INDIAN CITIES
Urbanization patterns differ within a city, characterized by irregular
traditional areas and organized annexes.

These diverse urban development patterns lead to variations in

factors like population density, land use, and open space availability ➢ Analyzing Favourable residential conditions through population density and
(Galster et al. 2001). The inner core of the city is compact, designed
mainly for pedestrians and cycle rickshaws.
characteristics of build form.

The built-up mass features small openings for light, ventilation, and
movement, as seen in historical parts of cities like Delhi's
Shahjahanabad, Jaisalmer, Jaipur, and Ahmedabad (Kapadia, 2010).
The city periphery may be dominated by British annexes, featuring
distinct and functionally grouped buildings (Smailes, 1986). Newer
city sections tend to develop haphazardly due to accelerated
industrialization and rapid urbanization.
 RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS IN INDIAN CITIES
There are important differences between
i. the older habitations in the historic city of Amritsar
with newer settlements outside, ➢ The building height is categorized as :
ii. post-independence planned interventions in
Chandigarh, • low-rise structure with G+3 storeyed (do not
iii. modern residential areas in Gurgaon. require elevators).
8 neighborhoods are evaluated taking into consideration • medium rise structures with 5-8 storeys.
factors such as population density, residential density, and • high rise structures with more than 8 storeys
the predominant building heights: or 25m in height (mandatory provision of
➢ The population density is categorized as : diesel generators in case of an electricity
• low density With <200pph,
• medium density with 200 to <400pph, failure).
• High density with 400 to <600pph, and
• very high as ≥600pph. ➢ The residential Density is categorized as :
• low density with <50DUs/hectare,
• medium density with 50-100DUs/hectare,
• high density with >100DUs/hectare
RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS IN INDIAN CITIES

➢ Variables to Assess Neighborhood Environmental Quality:

Neighborhood Population Residential Building Built Form Population Density Population Density Favorable Residential
Density(pph) Density(du/Hec.) Height(no. Of Characteristics Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Conditions
Storey) Criteria Criteria
Sector 8 95 17 Less Than G+3 Low Rise Low Density Less than 400 pph Less than 84 Dus per FAVOURABLE
Chandigarh Storey hectare
World Spa, 178 44 G+16 Storey High Rise Low Density Less than 400 pph Less than 84 Dus per FAVOURABLE
Gurgaon hectare

Ranjit Avenue, 256 36 Less Than G+3 Low Rise Med. Density Less than 400 pph Less than 84 Dus per LESS FAVOURABLE
Amritsar Storey hectare

Marble Arch, 345 65 5-8 Storey Med. Rise Med. Less than 400 pph Less than 84 Dus per AVERAGE
Chandigarh Density hectare

Sector 38 W, 441 76 Less Than G+3 Low Rise Med. Less than 400 pph Less than 84 Dus per LESS FAVOURABLE
Chandigarh Storey Residential Density & hectare
High Population
Density
Sector 20 , Pkl, 540 98 5-8 Storey Med. Rise Med. Greater than 400 pph Greater than 84 Dus per LESS FAVOURABLE
Chandigarh Residential Density & hectare
High Population
Density
Katradullo, 641 149 Less Than G+3 Low Rise High Greater than 400 pph Greater than 84 Dus per NOT FAVOURABLE
Amritsar Storey Residential Density hectare

Uniworld City, 798 200 G+18 Storey High Rise High Greater than 400 pph Greater than 84 Dus per AVERAGE
Gurgaon Residential Density hectare
References
• Usman Adam Muwaffaq (2020). Housing: Concept, Definition and Components. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
• Chung-Ping Loh & Paul Mason (2014) Housing and Non-Housing CPIComponents: The National Case Versus a Local Example, Journal of Housing Research
• Asad Poor, J., Thorpe, D., & Goh, Y. (2018). The key-components of sustainable housing design for Australian small size housing. International Journal of GEOMATE
• Gharai, F. (1999). Generic principles of neighbourhood design with particular reference to Tehran.
• Zhu, A., Pauwels, P., & De Vries, B. (2021). Smart component-oriented method of construction robot coordination for prefabricated housing.
• Dutta, Swati & Bardhan, Suchandra & Bhaduri, Sanjukkta. (2017). Multi-criteria Approach for Assessing Neighbourhood Environmental Quality – A way towards
Future Sustainable Development of Indian Cities.
• URDPFI Guidelines, 2014. Ministry of Urban Development
• Time-Saver Standards for Housing and Residential Development
3. Identification of parameters for evaluation of Neighbourhood design & Case studies
In the exploration of housing and neighborhood design/planning, this chapter delves into the comprehensive identification of components, drawing insights from
authoritative sources such as URDPFI (Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation), Time-Saver standards, NBC (National Building Code),
and the UN Habitat guidelines.
By synthesizing information from these benchmarks, the chapter aims to provide a structured understanding of tangible aspects in design and planning, elucidating
guidelines, standards, and practical applications. Furthermore, the discussion incorporates the rich tapestry of case studies within the Indian context, offering a
nuanced exploration of real-world implementations.
Through a meticulous comparison of diverse approaches, the chapter strives to unveil the intricacies and variations in housing and neighborhood design, fostering a
holistic comprehension of the subject. Ultimately, the chapter concludes by distilling key findings, providing valuable insights into the essential components that
contribute to effective housing and neighborhood planning, thereby contributing to the ongoing discourse on creating sustainable, vibrant, and livable communities.

Compilation..
Identification from different
of research
Parameters papers and
books

Comparison
URDPFI, of
quantities-
GMADA &
Guidelines,
IJRASET Zirakpur &
Nashik city

Evaluation Self
of Nominal
Comparison
Ranges of
parameters & Conclusion
 Quantitative
CASE
PARAMETERS UNITS URDPFI CASE STUDY-1 CASE STUDY- 2 CASE STUDY-3
STUDY-4
Site Location NA Nashik Pune Bangladesh Zirakpur
Topography GIS- MAP NA NA NA NA NA
Land cover, vegetation MAP NA NA NA NA NA
Planning context (Master plan) MAP NA NA NA NA Map 1-3
Land & Site Land use % Table 1.1 NA NA NA Table 6-1
Surrounding land uses &
MAP NA NA NA NA
proximity Fig 2 and Map1-5
Building use MAP NA NA NA NA Map 1-3
Spatial organisation/structure MAP- Patterns NA NA NA NA NA
2, 92,4619 (for
Population No. 5000-15000 5000 (table 3.1) 22382 (table 3.1) 61485 (table 3.1)
2021)
Family sizes No. 4.44 (2021) table 3.1 table 3.1 table 3.1 4.6 (From Slide 9)
Demographics
Age groups % NA NA NA NA all age groups
Ethnicity MAP NA NA NA NA NA
Occupation MAP NA NA NA NA Table 3-8 (Slide 9)
1 park- 1 Ha & 1 play area - 1.5 1 playground (20% of
Hierarchy of open spaces MAP 2 parks & 1 playgrounds 4 parks & playgrounds
Ha total area) Table 4-4 (Slide 9)
Sizes and proportions (%) % NA NA NA NA 7.30%
Open Spaces
Distribution in blocks % NA NA NA NA Slide 10
Parking Table 1.1: Land Use % Comparison
Slide 1.2 NA NA NA NA
ECS for car No. 1 ECS for car NA NA NA NA
Hierarchy of green spaces MAP NA NA farm land , hoticulture 4 Gardens Slide 10
Sizes and proportions (%) % NA NA NA NA 7.3% proposed
Green Spaces
Distribution MAP NA NA NA NA NA
Connectivity MAP NA NA NA NA NA
 Hierarchy of roads (width) MAP Slide 1.2 18m ,12m , 9m 18m ,12m , 9m 12m ,7.6m Pointers at Slide 8
Secondary road &
Hierarchy of roads (type) MAP NA NA NA
Roads & Streets minor access road Pointers at Slide 8
Edges of streets MAP NA NA NA NA NA
Enclosures Sections NA NA NA NA NA
Public transport junctions MAP 400 mts away NA NA NA NA
1 primary & secondary 4 primary & 2 secondary 4 primary & 1
Educational facilities No. 1-2 No. School - 3.6 Ha NA
school school secondary school
1 No. Dispensary - 0.08 to 0.12
Healthcare facilities No. 1 Hospital (3500 SQ. M) 2 Dispensary (1800 SQ. m) 3 clinic ( 10000 SQ. M)
Ha Slide 17
Public Services 1 Local shopping centre- 4600 3 bazaar, 4 Super
1 bazaar, 5 shopping
Commerical activities No. sqm (300 sqm for 1000 people, Mall (6000 SQ. M) shop, multiple corner
center
1 shop for 200 people) shop Slide 17
2 (7000 SQ. M), 4
2 (10000 SQ. M),
Community facilities No. 1 No. - 2000 sqm 1 (6000 SQ. M) Religious center (6000SQ.
Mosque
M) Slide 17
WRT city - MAP MAP NA NA
140 lit. pcpd, 1.5-time 225 lit. pcpd, 1.5-time 135 lit. pcpd, 1.5 time
Water supply network MAP NA
storage capacity storage capacity storage capacity Slide 16
Physical
Infrastructure 500 mm , 250mm ,
Drainage network MAP NA yes yes
150mm Slide 16
Sewage System MAP NA yes yes yes Slide 17
Solid waste management MAP NA yes yes yes Slide 16
Laws, Development controls NA NA NA NA Pointers at Slide 9
Block dimensions Area NA NA NA NA NA
Block level
Lot sizes Area Table 1.3 NA NA NA NA
Lot coverage % Table 1.3 table 3.1 table 3.1 table 3.1 NA
Form - Height No. of floors Table 1.3 NA NA 3 - 6 storey NA
Typology
Table 1.1: Land Use % Comparison
Styles- % Table 1.3 table 3.1 table 3.1 table 3.1 NA
Building level Condition Old-new- % NA new-100% new-100% new-100% NA
Facades & openings Elevations NA NA NA NA NA
Material used Type- % NA NA NA NA NA
Table 1.5 (Low income
Population density pph 252.8 282.61 844
Densities housing) upto 104.17
Dwelling unit / area DU/Ha Table 1.4 (Group Housing) 57.67 66.32 170.8 upto 175
Land use
Adequate
Moderately Adequate
Inadequate
Rajshahi,
Bavdhan, Pune Manimajra Bhopal URDPFI (1996) Nominal
Bangladesh
Residential 50 58.5 70 76.47 45 to 50 50 to 60
Commercial 3.6 6.5 6 0.93 5 to 10 5 to 10
Green/Open 5 4 16 8.09 20 to 30 10 to 20

Public/Semi Public 9.4 10 6 0.39 5 to 10 5 to 10

Services 2 3 2 1.14 5 to 10 5 to 10
Transportation 10 18 Nil 12.98 10 to 15 10 to 15
Agricultural 20 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

Conclusions: Land use

• Most neighborhoods contain a mix of land uses, including residential, commercial, institutional, and open/green areas, with residential land use typically dominating the
percentages. In special cases, such as Bhopal, where a high percentage of residential land use is prioritized, other activities are often heavily compromised. This affects the
sustainability and vitality of the neighborhood. Therefore, the importance of commercial, open, and service areas within the neighborhood suggests that providing 50-60%
residential land use is a healthy setup.
• For an economically viable neighbourhood, 5-10% of commercial land use is suggested within the neighbourhood. It can also be achieved by providing mixed-use
developments. A mix of 10-20% of green area, purposeful open areas including public recreational spaces ensures vitality and high social value in a neighbourhood.
• Public and semi-public facilities including educational, healthcare, community and other socio-cultural provisions easily take up a substantial 5-10% of the land use. A lack of
these facilities hamper the self-sufficiency and vibrancy of the neighbourhood. Often compromised, services play a major role in smooth operations and sustainability. It is
suggested to allocate 5-10% of land use to waste and water management within the neighbourhood.
• Transportation, comprising of roads, public parking spaces and other circulation areas, takes up a hefty portion of the land use. Hence, 10-15% is an optimal land use
distribution for a safe, secure and functional neighbourhood.
Neighborhood Population Residential Building Height Built Form RECAP of Amritsar, Chandigarh & Gurugram
Density Density (DU/Ha) (no. of storey) Characteristics
(pph)
• Population and area are key factors that
Sector 8 95 17 Less Than G+3 Low Rise Low Density influences the built form and layout of a
Chandigarh Storey neighborhood.
World Spa, 178 44 G+16 Storey High Rise Low Density
Gurgaon • There is no one-size-fits-all approach, and
different cities and neighbourhoods can have
varying solutions.
Ranjit Avenue, 256 36 Less Than G+3 Low Rise Med. Density
Amritsar Storey • In densely populated urban areas with limited
horizontal space, buildings tend to rise vertically
Marble Arch, 345 65 5-8 Storey Med. Rise Med. to accommodate a large number of residents.
Chandigarh Density
• Medium-density neighborhoods typically have a
mix of housing options, including townhouses,
Sector 38 W, 441 76 Less Than G+3 Low Rise Med. low-rise apartments, and some single-family
Chandigarh Storey Residential Density & homes. This diversity of housing types allows for
High Population moderate to high population density.
Density
Sector 20 , Pkl, 540 98 5-8 Storey Med. Rise Med. • The height of buildings in low-density areas tends
Chandigarh Residential Density & to be limited due to the abundance of available
High Population land. In many cases, zoning regulations may
Density impose height restrictions to maintain a particular
aesthetic or preserve natural views.
Katradullo, 641 149 Less Than G+3 Low Rise High
Amritsar Storey Residential Density • In special cases, high rise solutions apply for low
density applications within a limited land area.
Uniworld City, 798 200 G+18 Storey High Rise High Sometimes, a high density of population is fitted
Gurgaon Residential Density in a low rise setup by increasing the residential
density.
Comparison: Case studies
 Nominal Ranges

Conclusions: Distribution of housing typologies

• In practice, the ideal mix can vary widely from one neighborhood to another. Some neighborhoods may prioritize a more balanced mix of HIG, MIG, and LIG housing to
promote economic diversity, while others may focus on addressing specific affordability challenges.

• HIG (4BHK & 5BHK) housing may constitute around 20-30% of the housing stock in a neighborhood including luxury apartments and single-family homes. For MIG
(2BHK & 3BHK) housing which often includes a mix of single-family homes, townhouses, and mid-range apartments, a reasonable percentage of 40-50% of the housing
stock is needed. LIG category can include subsidized housing, affordable apartments, and other housing options designed to address affordability challenges. An
appropriate percentage for LIG and EWS (1BHK & 2BHK) housing may range from 20-30% of the housing stock.

Ultimately, determining the ideal mix of housing typologies in a neighborhood requires a assessment of local social and economic conditions, community input, and
consideration of affordability and inclusivity goals.
References
• URDPFI Guidelines, 2014. Ministry of Urban Development
• Prajapati, V., & Padhya, H. (2021). Smart Neighbourhood Planning in India. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science.
• Bansal, K. (2015). Design Strategies for Reorganizing the Public Realm of a Neighbourhood Unit: The Case of the Modern Housing Complex, Manimajra, Chandigarh.
Journal of Urban Planning.
• Hajrasoulih, A., del Rio, V., Francis, J., & Edmondson, J. (2018). Urban form and mental wellbeing: scoping a theoretical framework for action. Journal of Urban
Design and Mental Health, 5, 10.
• Usman Adam Muwaffaq (2020). Housing: Concept, Definition and Components. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
• Chung-Ping Loh & Paul Mason (2014) Housing and Non-Housing CPIComponents: The National Case Versus a Local Example, Journal of Housing Research
• Asad Poor, J., Thorpe, D., & Goh, Y. (2018). The key-components of sustainable housing design for Australian small size housing. International Journal of GEOMATE
• Gharai, F. (1999). Generic principles of neighbourhood design with particular reference to Tehran.
• Zhu, A., Pauwels, P., & De Vries, B. (2021). Smart component-oriented method of construction robot coordination for prefabricated housing.
• Dutta, Swati & Bardhan, Suchandra & Bhaduri, Sanjukkta. (2017). Multi-criteria Approach for Assessing Neighbourhood Environmental Quality – A way towards
Future Sustainable Development of Indian Cities.
4. Evaluation of the neighbourhood sector 45, Chandigarh
The evaluation of Sector 45 in Chandigarh is a critical examination of its characteristics, considering its context, the Chandigarh PARAMETERS FOR EVALUATION
Masterplan 2031, and specific maps detailing land use, open spaces, and green areas. Sector 45, as part of Chandigarh's urban fabric,
holds unique significance, and understanding its dynamics is essential for effective urban planning.
• Built & Open
Sector 45, embedded within the larger urban context of Chandigarh, reflects the city's architectural and planning principles. The • Land use
Chandigarh Masterplan 2031 serves as a guiding framework for the city's development, providing a roadmap for land utilization, Proposed vs Existing
infrastructure, and zoning. Basic maps illustrating land use, open spaces, and green areas contribute to the foundational • Roads (ROW)
understanding of Sector 45's layout and functionality. Pressure points
The evaluation proceeds with a meticulous documentation and analysis of data based on selected parameters. This involves an in- • Village-Sector Fringe
depth examination of infrastructure, amenities, transportation networks, residential and commercial zones, and the integration of Character
open and green spaces. Furthermore, socio-economic factors, demographic profiles, and community services are considered to paint Commercial & Hawkers
a comprehensive picture of Sector 45. • Social Infrastructure
Village level
The findings of the evaluation shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of Sector 45. It may reveal the effectiveness of the
Masterplan in achieving its goals, the distribution and accessibility of essential services, the quality of open spaces, and the overall Sector level
livability of the neighborhood. Positive aspects such as well-planned green areas, efficient transportation, and community facilities City Level
may be contrasted with challenges like congestion or inadequate amenities. • Open & Green areas
Village level
The evaluation extends to a comparative analysis. This step provides insights into the relative Sector level
success of Sector 45 in achieving the outlined objectives. Finally, a conclusion synthesizes the Encroachments
key observations, offering recommendations for improvements or affirmations of successful Multipurposeness
planning strategies. This structured approach ensures a thorough understanding of Sector 45's • HOUSING Typologies
dynamics and contribues valuable insights to the ongoing discourse. Types (HIG, MIG, LIG)
Densities
Distribution
Built form configuration
An overview DENSITY FOR PHASE I, II AND III BASED ON CENSUS 2001
AND HOLDING CAPACITY
Sector 45 in Chandigarh is a unique locality that holds a special place in the city's urban landscape. What sets
it apart is the juxtaposition of modern urban development with the presence of the historic Burail Village
within its boundaries.

Like others in Chandigarh, this sector is home to a diverse population, including professionals, families, and
students, drawn to its well-connected location and proximity to educational institutions, markets, and
healthcare [Link]

HOLDING CAPACITY OF UT CHANDIGARH BASED ON MASTER PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS

Demographics
As per the population worked out for the city on the basis of its holding
capacity, the density of Phase I is estimated to be 34 persons per acre
(more than double the planned density), 83 persons per acre for Phase II
and 100 persons per acre for Phase-III sectors.

It can be seen that as against the planned population of a sector varying

from 15000 – 25000, large variations in population at the sector level
have been observed with the highest population of 41,077 being
recorded in Sector 45.

The population of Burail calculates to 25,909. Hence, the sectoral

population calculates to 15,168.
Source: Chandigarh Administration
 Land use
Existing
Area of Sector 45: 104 ha
Area of Burail village: 32 ha Nominal 45
Gross Area of Sector 45: 72 ha
Residential 50 to 60 44.6
Population: 15,168
Commercial 5 to 10 6.9
Areas Green/Open 10 to 20 22.4
Land use %
(ha)
Institutional 5 to 10 13.3
Residential 46.8 33.7
Services 5 to 10 2.1
Commercial 8.1 5.8
Transportatio
Green/Open 14.3 10.6 10 to 15 10.7
n
Public/Semi Public 15.8 11.4
Services 2.4 1.72
Transportation 12.6 9.07 Chandigarh Masterplan 2031 Proposed
Nominal 45
Nominal Sector 45
Residential 50 to 60 46.8
Population 15000 15168
Commercial 5 to 10 8.1
Gross Population 125-200 210
Green/Open 10 to 20 14.3
density (pph)
Net Population 250-400 459 Institutional 5 to 10 15.8
density (pph) Services 5 to 10 2.4
Net Residential 106 Transportatio
10 to 15 12.6
density (DU/ha) 60-100 n

Adequate
Open/Green (sqm) 10-12 sqm pp 10.15 Moderately Adequate
per person Inadequate
Figure ground
When built to open ratio ≥ 0.7, the environmental quality of the Open : Built
neighbourhood starts deteriorating. 1 : 0.27
Source: Dutta, Swati & Bardhan, Suchandra & Bhaduri, Sanjukkta. (2017).
Multi-criteria Approach for Assessing Neighbourhood 21.5%
Environmental Quality – A way towards
Future Sustainable Development Adequate
of Indian Cities Moderately Adequate
78.5%
Inadequate

Social Infrastructure
Sector 45 boasts a robust infrastructure of public and semi-public LEGEND
amenities, exemplifying a well-rounded community-centric approach. The SAMPARK
educational landscape is diverse, featuring colleges and schools, some with CENTRE
a city-wide reach and others catering specifically to the local populace. The COMMUNITY
Civil Hospital, strategically positioned, serves the densely populated
southern region of Chandigarh, extending its services to the adjacent village
CENTRE B
of Burail. COLLEGE
C
SCHOOL
Beyond healthcare and education, the sector embraces a self-sustaining
ethos with a Sampark Centre facilitating communication, a Community HEALTHCARE
Centre fostering social cohesion, and multiple religious units contributing to
RELIGIOUS
the spiritual well-being of residents. Complementing these facilities are
creches, parks, and a Gaushala, collectively enriching the quality of life CRECHE
within the sector. This amalgamation of amenities not only ensures the
D
holistic development of the community but also positions Sector 45 as a PARK A
self-contained and thriving microcosm within the larger urban framework COMMERCIAL
of Chandigarh.
GAUSHALA
Housing: Private & Public in Chandigarh
Housing in Chandigarh City belongs to two distinctive categories public and private. The public
sector housing can be further classified into two subcategories: general, for all government
employees, and institutional, reserved for specific parastatal bodies, such as Panjab University,
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, and Survey of India. Likewise, private
housing also offers two subcategories that built by individuals on plots purchases from the
Chandigarh Administration, and that built by the Chandigarh Housing Board for sale to
individuals or resettlement of unauthorized colonies.

In Sector 45, diverse housing typologies catering to High-Income Group (HIG), Middle-Income
Group (MIG), Low-Income Group (LIG), and Economically Weaker Section (EWS) are evident.
These typologies span detached single-dwelling homes, attached single- and multi-dwelling
residences, as well as apartment-style multi-dwelling units.

Additionally, low-rise group housing units, constructed under various schemes, further contribute
to the architectural diversity within the sector. This array of housing options reflects a thoughtful
approach to accommodate a varied demographic, ensuring inclusivity and addressing the distinct
Source: Chandigarh Administration
needs of different income groups within the community of Sector 45.

HIGH INCOME GROUP A: HIG lower flats, Cat- II

A: HIG
MIDDLE INCOME GROUP

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST & SECOND FLOOR PLAN GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST & SECOND FLOOR PLAN

A: MIG (Two room) A: MIG Flats

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN

A: 7. Central Govt. Emp. Scheme Cat-II

 A: Emp. Housing Scheme Cat lll C: MIG Upper Flats

FIRST FLOOR PLAN GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

B: HIG Lower Flats C: LIG One/Two Room

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

D: Emp. Housing Scheme Cat-IV D: MIG Two Room

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN

D: LIG/MIG 1-2 Room Flats GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN

Housing NOMINAL RANGE
Burail : The urban village within the Sector boundary
• Burail lies nested within the sectoral framework of the city of Chandigarh, as part of Sector 45, which was
developed around it during the 2nd Phase of the city’s development.
Phirni
• It is an urbanized village with the urbanization beginning with the inception of the city but the actual boom
took place during the 1980s when the village served as a low-cost dormitory between Chandigarh and the
developing industrial town of Mohali. Since then this urbanized village has grown manifold in the floating
population who work as commercial help and migrant labourers in the city of Chandigarh.

V5 road

• The interface that develops primarily as a commercial zone at the fringes of the village
follows certain patterns.

A general list of activities existing in the fringe zone for Burail comprises of the following
types:
• Retail shops, stores, etc.
• Services - exist independently or accompanied by retail or workshops
• Workshops
• Offices
• Hospitality including budget motels/guest houses, mostly of bed & breakfast type

None of these activities exist in isolation in any part of the fringe. In all places, there is a mix
of activities, not only over the same street or in a single block but also in a single building.
The interface ‘Fringe’
The Pressure spots

5 min. walk
Evaluation of the Sector: Qualitative parameters
The relationship
between urban form
and mental well-being

+ positive correlation
- negative correlation
>< conflicting evidence

Scale:
Parcel- P
Block- B
Neighborhood- N
Region- RRelationship

Hajrasoulih, A., del Rio, V., Francis, J., &

Edmondson, J. (2018). Urban form and
mental wellbeing: scoping a theoretical
framework for action. Journal of Urban
Design and Mental Health, 5, 10.
 1 2 3

Questionnaire Name

House no.
1 2 3
Ownership
Cleanliness outside House size (1bhk, 2bhk..)
home?
Is waste collected Family size
regularly?
Local/Migrant
Accidents witnessed in
sector No. of years living in sector
Thefts witnessed in sector
Where is work located?
Feeling of safety? Public/ Private commute

Socially interactive? Own cars? How many?

Own cycle/bike? How many?

Other Issues
Parking available at home? Y/N
Desire to move out?
No- where do you park?

Health centre you prefer?

• Which aspects need more improvement? Water facilities, Community
facilities, Market facilities, Roads, Urban infrastructure, Educational Which School/College you use?
facilities, Healthcare facility, Cleanliness & and sanitation, etc. Public/ Private transport?

• Changes people have observed in the sector (i.e. roads, schools, health, Which daily market you use?
water, afforestation, etc.) Impacts of change on aspects of life (i.e. did it Public/ Private mode?
open up opportunities)
Open space near home? Y/N
• Other remark Activities performed (Walk..)
Inferences
LAND USE
Imbalanced Land Use Allocation:
• The analysis indicates an imbalance in land use allocation, with an excess of institutional land and a slight shortfall
in residential land. This suggests that the initial planning may not have adequately anticipated the demand for
residential spaces or perhaps overestimated the need for institutional areas.
• Underutilized Green Spaces:
• The presence of a dense tree cover on the proposed commercial land within the existing land use highlights an
underutilization of available green and open spaces. Efficient land allocation and development strategies could
maximize the utility of these areas while maintaining a green environment.
• Adequate Road and Circulation Network:
The positive aspect of the evaluation is the provision of sufficient road and circulation networks
in both the proposed and existing land use. Adequate infrastructure in this regard ensures
smooth mobility and accessibility within the sector, supporting its functionality and
connectivity.

THE FRINGE
Adequate Right of Way (ROW) in General:
The study of Burail and the broader road infrastructure in the area indicates that the right of
way (ROW) is generally sufficient. This suggests that the initial planning and development of
roads in the area considered the required space for traffic flow and pedestrian movement.
Challenges due to Dense Commercial Activity:
Despite the adequate ROW, the dense commercial activity, particularly on Phirni Road, has
led to heavy encroachments due to unorganized parking. This has resulted in traffic
congestion and increased pressure points along the road.
Traffic and Congestion Hotspots:
The encroachments from parking and the resulting traffic congestion have created specific
pressure spots along Phirni Road. These congestion points require targeted interventions to
manage and mitigate traffic issues effectively.
Inferences
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
From the provided information, it appears that the social infrastructure in Sector 45, including healthcare, commercial establishments, educational institutions, and community
facilities, is deemed adequate based on the combined population of the sector and the village. This suggests that the existing facilities are able to cater to the needs and
demands of the population in terms of essential services, education, and community engagements.
Inferences
GREEN & OPEN SPACES

45C:
The open spaces intended for high-density LIG and MIG flatted developments are currently encroached by parked cars. This encroachment diminishes the availability of green
and recreational areas, impacting the intended purpose and usability of these spaces.

45D:
In this sector, some smaller open or green areas are affected by parking encroachments, while others remain unaffected. The spaces designated for parking are being used for
multiple purposes such as circulation and private gardens. Additionally, the maidan, a significant open area initially designated for temporary commercial activities, is facing
encroachments by parked cars and bus stops, making it underused and deviating from its intended purpose.

45A:
In this sector, primarily housing HIG types, the intermediate parks and play areas have been preserved and are functioning as intended. However, some of these parks are
being utilized by the Burail village residents. This shared use raises questions about the allocation and utilization of open spaces, necessitating a reevaluation of the planning
and allocation strategies.

Though sufficient overall, the green and open spaces in the sector are unevenly distributed, necessitating a review and potential redistribution to ensure equitable access
and benefit for all residents.
Inferences
HOUSING, TYPOLOGIES
& DISTRIBUTION
Housing Distribution Overview:

• Includes High-Income Group (HIG), Middle-

Income Group (MIG), and Low-Income Group
(LIG) categories in alignment with nominal
ranges.

Population Density Challenges:

• Uneven distribution results in highly dense

pockets within the sector.
• High density particularly noted in certain MIG
and LIG areas, raising health and well-being
concerns.

LEGEND
Strain on Resources: (Residential Density- DU/ha)
100-150
• Uneven population distribution strains services, circulation, open spaces,
and green areas intended for these segments. 150-200
200-250
250-300
5. Site Analysis & Program Formulation
This chapter initiates a comprehensive exploration into site analysis and program formulation, fundamental stages in the architectural and urban planning process. The
chapter commences with an in-depth site study, encompassing both the broader context and a focused precinct analysis, aiming to unravel the intricate relationship
between the site and its immediate surroundings.
Additionally, a meticulous mapping and analysis of the site's flora and fauna contribute to the understanding of its ecological dynamics, setting the stage for
sustainable design considerations. Following this ecological groundwork, the chapter transitions into program formulation, a pivotal phase involving the calculation of
land use areas, housing distribution, and the identification of essential services. By harmonizing ecological principles with community needs, this chapter aims to
provide valuable insights into the intricate balance required for creating thoughtful and sustainable developments.

Context,
precinct
Site study,
Analysis – Flora and
Ecology fauna
mapping,
analysis

The distribution Studying

of land use, the GMADA
masterplan
residential use for New
& proposed controls Chandigarh

Calculation of
Program Land use areas,
Formulation Housing areas
& services required
SITE CONTEXT
SITE ANALYSIS : ECOLOGY
 TREES

RIVER

CREEK

POND

SMALLER BIRD
SPECIE
BIGGER BIRD SPECIE

SWALLOWS

CHICKEN

MIGRATORY BIRDS

MONGOOSE

PORCUPINES

MONKEY

WILD BOAR

REPTILES

TURTLE

JACKAL

DEER

HARE

FLORA AND FAUNA MAPPING

 Flora Winter Spring Summer Monsoon Autumn

Acacia catechu (Khair)

Acacia modesta (Phulai)

Acacia Arabica (Kikar)

Acacia leucophloea (Raeru) 1900 740

Dalbergia sisoo (Shisham) 102.28

Anogeissus latifolia (Chhal) 320 2940 2.1

 Flora Winter Spring Summer Monsoon Autumn

Azadirachta indica (Neem) 3500 226

Bombax ceiba (Semal) 353 Above 50% 183.29 3390 211.2

Butea frondosa (Dhak) 239.04 Above 50% 110

Bauhinia racemosa
250 Above 50% 999.86 1900 740
(Kachnar)

Above 50%
Emblica officinalis (Amla) 274 102.28

Morus alba (Tut) 85% 320 2940 2.1

 Flora Winter Spring Summer Monsoon Autumn

Lannea grandis (Jhingan) 717.98 Less than 10% 220.80 3500 226

Diospyros montana (Kendu) 353 Above 50% 183.29 3390 211.2

Murraya koenigii (Kari

239.04 Above 50% 110
patta)

Prosopis juliflora (Musket) 250 Above 50% 999.86 1900 740

Above 50%
Cassia fistula (Amaltas) 274 102.28

Zizyphus jujoba (Ber) 85% 320 2940 2.1

 Flora Winter Spring Summer Monsoon Autumn

Vitex negundo (Bana or

717.98 Less than 10% 220.80 3500 226
nirgundi)

Carissa spinarum
353 Above 50% 183.29 3390 211.2
(Karaunda)

Adhatoda vasica (Vasaka) 239.04 Above 50% 110

Saccharum sararoxb
250 1900 740
(Moonj)

Above 50%
Tinospora cordifolia (Giloe) 102.28

Abrus precatorious (Rati) 85% 320 2940 2.1

Mammals : The following animals are found here: Sambar,
Spotted Deer (Chittal), Pangolin (anteater), Wild boar, Jackal,
Small Indian Civet, Jungle Cat, Porcupine, Hanuman Langur,
Rhesus Monkey, Indian Hare, Common-Mongoose, Common
rat, Squirrel etc.

Wild Boar
Langur

Sambar
Mongoose Pangolin

Hare Porcupine Jackal Small Indian Civet

There are more than 150 varieties of birds including aquatic birds.
Prominent among them are Peacock, Red jungle fowl, Grey partridge,
Cuckoos, Night jars, Golden Oriole, Kingfisher, Swifts, Hoopoes, Hornbills, Partridge
Barbets, Woodpeckers, Rollers, Barn owls, Parrots, Doves, Jacanas,
Plovers, Coots, Hawks, Geese, Swan, Ducks, Grebes, Black drongo, Tree
pie, Jungle crow, Bulbul, Hill myna, Koel, Bee-eater, Common Myna etc.

Grey Hornbill

Night Jar
Barbet
Tree pie

Coot Jacana Bee-eater Black Drongo Peacock

Reptiles :

There are varieties of reptiles including snakes like Cobra, Rat snake, Common Krait, Russell’s
Bengal Monitor
viper, Indian Python and common Monitor (Gho), Turtle etc.

Cobra Viper Python

Rat snake Turtle Krait

● Existing trees and plants can be conserved based on
their age, health and longevity.
● The main priority will be to protect the wildlife by
retaining prominent features of the site and, thus
maintaining ecological balance.
● Evergreen trees can be retained as a buffer against
noise and for privacy.
● Deciduous trees can provide shade and block heat
from the sun during hotter months and by shedding
their leaves in the fall they will admit sunlight in the
winter, thus, helping in maintaining the microclimate.
GMADA GUIDELINES: Residential
Out of total land area proposed for development, 37.5% The residential zone is divided into 3 Zones:
of the area is proposed for residential development o Zone 1 comprises areas wherein the projects under township policy are already approved
with plotted and group housing permitted as per o Zone 2 is primarily land parcels wherein the projects are yet to be approved
approved Development Controls. The majority of o Zone 3 a low density area at the foothills of the Shivalik ranges on the northern side of the site.
residential areas within the master plan have residential • Due to an increase in demand for affordable housing and giving due consideration to Govt. Of Punjab
projects approved and under construction. These initiatives to promote affordable housing, it is proposed to increase the population densities within New
projects have been approved under the New Township Chandigarh Development.
Policy of Govt. Of Punjab wherein the minimum area
required for township is 100 Acres. • Zone 1 is proposed to have a
gross density of 150 people
• Every Township project with a minimum area of per acre (75 dwellings per
100 Acres will be allowed to develop a maximum hectare), while Zone 2 is
of 20% of the gross area for Group Housing. proposed to accommodate a
density of 200 people per acre
(100 dwellings per hectare).
The Zone 3 is proposed at a
fairly low density of 30 ppa
(15 dwellings per hectare).
Residential Zone 1

Approved projects within Zone 1

Residential Sectors within Zone 1

 Land use & Density AS PER GMADA PROPOSAL

Total area of the site: 208.93 acres (84.55 ha) LAND USE % Area (acres)

AS PER NOMINAL RANGE Group Housing 20 41.78

Plotted Housing 40 83.57
LAND USE Nominal (%) Area (acres)
Commercial 4 8.35
Residential 50 to 60 104.46 to 125.35 Green/Open 8.8 18.38
Commercial 5 to 10 10.44 to 20.89 Institutional & Roads 27.2 56.82
Green/Open 10 to 20 20.89 to 41.78 TOTAL 100 208.93
Institutional 5 to 10 10.44 to 20.89

Services 5 to 10 10.44 to 20.89 CALCULATIONS OF FLATTED UNITS

Roads 10 to 15 20.89 to 31.33

AS PER PROPOSED GMADA GUIDELINES

GROSS DENSITY 150 person Area: 208.93 Population: 31340

per acre acres
GROSS DENSITY 150 person Area: 83.57 12536 persons (2786
(Plotted) per acre acres DUs)
CALCULATIONS OF PLOTTED UNITS
NET DENSITY (Group- < 450 person Area: 41.78 18801 persons (4178
300 sqm.) per acre acres DUs)
TOTAL : 31337 persons = 6964 Dwelling Units (as per 4.5 average family size)
Amenities
PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC

COMMERCIAL
Open Areas

Open Areas for housing typologies

PROPOSED GREENS

TYPE NO. OF UNITS SIZE (SQM) TOTAL SIZE (SQM) TOTAL SIZE (HA)
Housing-level 1 7.6 Ha
Neighbourhood-level
park 3 3000 9000 0.9 Ha
Community-level park 6 2000 12000 1.2 Ha
Community-level park 4 1400 5600 0.56 Ha
Pocket park 2 800 1600 0.16 Ha
Pocket park 5 500 2500 0.25 Ha

Total : 3.07 Ha
Physical Infrastructure Ecological architecture
WATER SUPPLY CALCULATIONS

Water requirement of a person per day = 225 lit.

Water requirement per day = 30000 x 225 = 5400000 lit.
The water requirement of a person for a year = is 82125 lit.
Water requirement of township = 82125 x 30000 = 2463750000 lit.
According to the Special Township Scheme, the water reservoir should be 1.5 times of
requirement.
Water reservoir capacity = 3695625000 lit.
1lit. = 0.0001 m3.
Water reservoir capacity = 3695625 m3.
According to URDPFI, a water treatment plant of 3695625 m3 capacity requires 0.10
hectares(5MLD).

SEWERAGE SYSTEM CALCULATIONS

100% of water supply = 6750000 lit.
80% of water supply = sewer produced = 5400000 lit.
Total sewerage produced in the township in a day = 5400000 lit.
Total sewerage produced in the township in a month = 162000000 lit.
Total sewerage produced in the township in a year = 1944000000 lit.

Car Parking
PARKING CALCULATIONS:
1) Requirements of one dwelling unit or flat: 1 car and 1 two-
wheeler
2) Total dwelling units = 3626 nos.
3) Total parking requirement (In terms of no. of cars):
3626x1x3626x0.5 = 5439
10
4) Providing 10% for visitors parking = 5439x100 = 543.9 say 544
5) Total car parking requirement = 5983 approx.
SITE
CONCEPT
LAND USE
FIGURE
GROUND
NEIGHBOURHOOD
LEVEL
PARK
COMMUNITY
LEVEL
PARK
POCKET
PARK
HIERARCHY OF
GREENS
PROXIMITY TO
GREENS
PROXIMITY TO
DAILY NEEDS
TYPOLOGY:
MASTER
PLAN
TYPOLOGY:
HIG
TYPOLOGY:
MIG & LIG
TYPOLOGY:
HMIG & EWS
COMMERCIAL
& SOCIAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
WATER
CALCULATIONS
WASTE
CALCULATIONS
EVALUATION
EVALUATION
6. Conclusion
In conclusion, this report has undertaken a comprehensive exploration of housing and neighborhood design, unraveling key components and parameters crucial for
effective urban planning.
The identification of these components, as presented in Chapter 2, lays the foundation for a detailed understanding of the intricate interplay between physical,
residential, and contextual aspects. Chapter 3 builds upon this foundation, delving into the quantitative evaluation of neighborhood design parameters, offering
valuable insights derived from case studies.
Moving forward, Chapter 4 provides a detailed assessment of Sector 45 in Chandigarh, offering an overview of its demographics, masterplan, housing typologies, and
social infrastructure. The nuanced analysis of the urban village, Burail, and the examination of pressure points contribute to a holistic understanding of the sector's
dynamics.
Chapter 5 further extends the analysis to site-specific considerations and area formulation. Finally, in Chapter 6, we arrive at a comprehensive conclusion that
synthesizes the key findings, emphasizing the critical need for a balanced and sustainable approach to housing and neighborhood design.
This report serves not only as a documentation of the literature review and evaluation of neighbourhood parameters but also as a guide for future urban planning
endeavors, highlighting the significance of thoughtful component identification, rigorous evaluation, and site-specific analysis in creating vibrant and livable
communities.