Panama Technology Center

Headquarters David

School of Fisioterapy

Flores Michael

Stanziola Jesus

Ordoñez Dereck

David, 2024
 Introduction

Physiotherapy is a healthcare discipline that uses movement and various

therapeutic techniques to treat and prevent musculoskeletal, neurological, and

respiratory injuries. The study of movement is essential to understanding how the

body adapts to different activities, from daily tasks to high-performance sports.

In sports, physiotherapy plays a key role in preventing and rehabilitating injuries

such as sprains, muscle tears, and fractures, ensuring a safe recovery. Through

specific exercises, manual therapy, and personalized programs, physiotherapists

help optimize athletes’ performance and well-being.

Task 1

Monday

 Exercise: Cardio + Strength (30-45 min)

Warm-up: 10 minutes of brisk walking or cycling.

Exercise: Circuit of squats, push-ups, planks and abdominals.

Final stretch: 5-10 min.

 Diet:

Breakfast: Oatmeal with fruits and nuts + green tea.

Mid-morning: Greek yogurt with chia seeds.

Lunch: Grilled chicken breast with mixed salad and quinoa.

Snack: Banana smoothie with protein and almonds.

Dinner: Baked fish with roasted vegetables.

 Rest: 7-8 hours of sleep.

Tuesday

 Exercise: Functional training (40 min)

HIIT with full body exercises (burpees, jumps, lunges, push-ups).

Mobility and flexibility.

 Diet:

Breakfast: Whole wheat bread with

avocado and egg.

Mid-morning: Nuts and an apple.

 Lunch: Brown rice with lentils and salad.

Snack: Red fruit smoothie.

Dinner: Omelet with spinach and cheese.

 Rest: Relaxation with stretching.

Wednesday

 Exercise: Yoga or Pilates (30-40 min)

Breathing and deep stretching.

 Diet:

Breakfast: Spinach, banana and oatmeal smoothie.

Mid-morning: Almonds and yogurt.

Lunch: Vegetable soup with chicken and brown rice.

Snack: Homemade oatmeal cookies.

Dinner: Tuna salad with avocado and

tomato.

 Rest: 8 hours of sleep.

Thursday

 Exercise: Weight training + cardio (45 min)

Squats, deadlifts, bench press and barbell rows.

10-15 min of jogging or cycling.

 Diet:

Breakfast: Whole wheat toast with peanut butter and banana slices.

Mid-morning: Fruit + yogurt.

 Lunch: Turkey with mashed sweet

potatoes and salad.

Snack: Protein shake with cocoa.

Dinner: Quinoa soup with

vegetables.

 Rest: 7-8 hours of sleep.

Friday

 Exercise: Moderate Cardio + Mobility (40 min)

20 min of running or swimming.

20 min of joint mobility exercises.

 Diet:

Breakfast: Spinach omelet with cheese.

Mid-morning: Mix of dried fruits.

Lunch: Salmon with brown rice and salad.

Snack: Yogurt with honey and seeds.

Dinner: Whole wheat bread sandwich with chicken and avocado.

 Rest: Relaxation techniques before sleeping.

Saturday

 Exercise: Free activity (biking, hiking, swimming, etc.).

 Diet
 Breakfast: Fruit bowl with granola and

yogurt.

Mid-morning: Protein shake.

Lunch: Whole wheat pasta with vegetables

and chicken.

Snack: Nuts and dark chocolate.

Dinner: Vegetable soup with whole wheat bread.

 Rest: Relaxation night.

Sunday

 Exercise: Stretching and light walk (30 min).

 Diet:

Breakfast: Oatmeal pancakes with honey.

Mid-morning: Natural juice and nuts.

Lunch: Healthy roast with salad.

Snack: Fruit with yogurt.

Dinner: Chicken broth with rice.

 Rest: 8 hours of sleep.

TASK 2

Short conversation

Character A (Doctor): Dereck Gueraa

Character B (Patient): Thony Kiel

A: Good morning, what brings you here today?

B: Good morning, doctor. I hurt my leg while playing soccer.

A: What happened to cause the injury?

B: I was running and suddenly I felt a pull on the back of my thigh

A: What do you think the problem is?

B: I'm not sure, but I think it could be a muscle tear or strain.

A: Where does it hurt? That's probably the problem.

B: I have a lot of pain in the back of my thigh.

A: Does it hurt anywhere else?

B: A little in the knee, but the worst pain is in the thigh.

A: I understand. We are going to do some tests to confirm what type of injury you

have and see the best treatment.

B: Okay, doctor. Thank you!

Medical Chart

• Patient: Thony Kiel.

• Symptoms: Pain in the back of the thigh.

• What happened: While running during a soccer game he feels a pull in the back

of his thigh.

• Next steps: Stipulate a rehabilitation plan to treat his hamstring injury.

Doctor´s notes

• DR: Dereck Guerra

• Date: February 12, 2025

• Patient: Thony Kiel

• Reason for visit: pain due to pulling

• Area where the patient feels pain: back of the thigh (hamstrings)

• When the patient feels pain: when walking and flexing the knee
TASK 3

1. Manual therapy

Manual therapy is a set of physical therapy techniques applied with the hands to

treat musculoskeletal dysfunctions. It is used to improve mobility, reduce pain and

optimize the function of muscles and joints. Some exercises

 Passive knee mobilization, The patient's knee is gently moved without effort,

taking the joint through different ranges of motion. This movement improves

flexibility and reduces stiffness in patients with osteoarthritis or after surgery.

2. Electrotherapy

Electrotherapy is a physiotherapy technique that uses electrical currents to relieve

pain, improve circulation and stimulate muscles. Some exercises

 Electrostimulation in quadriceps, The Patient sits with electrodes on the

thigh while contracting the muscle when receiving the stimulus. This

exercise benefits the knee joint, useful in cases of osteoarthritis or post-

surgery.

 TENS in the lumbar area, TENS, which are small electrical currents, are

applied while the patient performs gentle pelvic tilts, benefiting the lumbar

spine, ideal for relieving pain in low back pain.

 3. Hydrotherapy

Hydrotherapy is a physiotherapy technique that uses water to rehabilitate injuries

and improve mobility. Its buoyancy reduces the impact on the joints, facilitating

movement without pain.

Some exercises

 Walking in water helps improve knee mobility in cases of osteoarthritis or

post-surgery, reducing the load and strengthening the muscles.

 Shoulder mobilization with floats, It is used to rehabilitate the shoulder after

injuries such as the rotator cuff, allowing smooth movements without

excessive resistance.

4. Thermotherapy

Thermotherapy is a physiotherapy technique that applies heat to relieve pain,

improve circulation and relax muscles. Some exercises.

  Active mobilization with hot compresses (knee): Apply heat to the knee and

perform gentle flexion and extension to improve mobility in cases of

osteoarthritis.

 Shoulder rotation with infrared heat: Heat with an infrared lamp is applied to

the shoulder for 10 minutes. Then gentle circular movements are made with

the arm. This reduces tension and improves mobility in cases of tendonitis

or bursitis.

5. Cryotherapy

Cryotherapy is a physiotherapy technique that uses cold to reduce inflammation,

relieve pain and improve muscle recovery. It is applied using ice, cold compresses

or cryomassage.

Some exercises

 Contrast bath for ankle, alternating immersion in cold water (10-15°C) and

hot water (38-40°C) for 3-5 minutes helps reduce inflammation and improve

ankle mobility after sprains.

 Cryomassage with ice on the knee, Rubbing ice on the affected area for 5-

10 minutes reduces pain and improves circulation in the knee, useful in

patellar tendonitis or arthritis.

 6. Therapeutic exercise

Therapeutic exercise is a set of planned and controlled movements that seek to

restore function, improve mobility and reduce pain in different structures of the

body. It is adapted to each patient according to their needs. Some exercises

 Assisted squats, Strengthen the thigh and gluteal muscles, benefiting the

knee joint by improving its stability and preventing injuries.

 Shoulder mobilization with a cane, A cane is used to help elevate the arm,

promoting mobility and recovery in the shoulder joint, useful in cases of

stiffness or post-surgery.
TASK 4

Give a full answer for the following questions. Ilustrate each answer.

1. What are the anatomical planes? Mention them

The anatomical planes are the sagittal plane that divides the body into right and

left, the frontal plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior and the

horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior.

2. What are the anatomical regions?

The anatomical regions are the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and upper

and lower extremities.

3. What si functional movement? How does it work?

A functional movement is a movement that is performed in our daily lives to

perform tasks, such as walking, jumping, or moving our hands. which are carried

out by the entire body efficiently.

 4. What si motor control? Hoe does it work?

Motor control is the ability of our nervous system to coordinate movements and

posture. The way it works is that the brain sends electrical impulses to the lower

motor, passing through the spinal cord until it reaches the nerves of the muscles.

5. Mention the theories and the stages Of motor learning

Theories and stages of motor learning are:

Cognitive Theory: Focuses on the mental processes involved in learning and how

people interpret information to guide motor performance.

Dynamic Systems Theory: Emphasizes the interaction between the body’s systems

(musculoskeletal, nervous) and external environments to learn movement.

Cognitive Stage: Learning the basic mechanics and rules of a movement.

Associative Stage: Refining the skill and beginning to automate it.

Autonomous Stage: The skill becomes automatic, requiring minimal conscious

thought.

6. What is movement análisis and how it can help a patient?

Movement analysis is the observation and assessment of a person’s movement

patterns to identify inefficiencies, limitations, or problems. This helps in diagnosing

issues with posture, balance, coordination, or motor control. It aids in rehabilitation

by targeting specific movements that need improvement, helping a patient recover

from injuries, or improve performance.

7. What are coordination exercises and what are their benefits?

Coordination exercises are physical activities designed to improve the body's

ability to perform efficient, synchronized and precise movements. Its benefits are

that it helps improve reaction time, helps prevent injury, improves posture and

improves body control.

Vocabulary 1

1. Free – Not costing any money.

2. Athlete – A person who is trained in sports or physical exercise.

3. Once – One single time.

4. Often – Frequently; many times.

5. Yard – An outdoor area next to a house or building.

6. Watch – To look at something carefully.

7. Some – An unspecified amount or number.

8. How – In what way or manner.

9. When – At what time.

10. Pass – To go past or move beyond somethin

 [Link] did I learn?

I learned common words that are used in everyday conversations, such as watch

and often.

These words help in understanding instructions, giving directions, and expressing

time-related actions.

[Link] did I like?

I liked learning about words that are simple but essential in communication.

Words like when and how help me ask questions and understand responses better.

[Link] was difficult for me?

Some words have multiple meanings, which made them a bit difficult to

understand.

For example, pass can mean moving past something but also can be used in

expressions like pass an exam.

Vocabulary 2

1. Wellness – The state of being in good health.

2. Acute – Severe or intense.

3. Bone – The hard, rigid part of the skeleton.

4. Tissue – A group of cells that perform a function in the body.

5. Sprain – An injury to a ligament caused by twisting.

 6. Strain – A stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon

7. Twist – To turn something in a circular motion.

8. Torn – Past participle of 'tear'; damaged by pulling apart.

9. Stitch – A loop of thread used to close a wound.

10. Spasm – An involuntary muscle contraction.

[Link] did I learn?

I learned many words related to the human body, injuries, and health.

Words like sprain and stitch are useful when talking about medical situations.

[Link] did I like?

I liked understanding the difference between terms like strain and sprain because

they are commonly confused.

Learning these words can help in emergencies or when visiting a doctor.

[Link] was difficult for me?

The medical terms were a bit challenging because they are not used in everyday

conversations.

Also, remembering the difference between tissue (biological) and tissue (paper)

was confusing at first.

Vocabulary 3
1. Movement – The act of changing position or place.

2. Restore – To bring back to its original condition.

3. Strength – The quality of being strong.

4. Tissue – A group of similar cells in the body

5. Treatment – Medical care given to a patient.

6. Injury – Harm or damage to the body.

7. Acute – Very serious or severe.

8. Performance – How well someone does a task or activity.

9. Assistance – Help or support.

 10. Stiffness – The quality of being rigid or difficult to move

11.

[Link] did I learn?

I learned words related to movement, strength, and physical conditions.

Terms like restore and performance are helpful in sports and fitness conversations.

[Link] did I like?

I liked learning about words that are useful for talking about exercise and training.

Understanding stiffness and injury helps me describe physical conditions more

accurately.

[Link] was difficult for me?

Some words, like acute, have different meanings in different contexts, which made

them confusing.

Also, words like assistance and restore are easy to understand but harder to use

naturally in sentences.
Vocabulary 4

1. Anatomical – Anatómico Related to the structure of the body and its parts.

2. Increase - Aumenta: To become larger in size, number, or amount

3. Thigh - Muslo: The upper part of the leg between the hip and the knee
4. Forearm - Antebrazo: The part of the arm between the elbow and the wrist.

5. Upward - Hacia arriba: Moving or directed toward a higher place or

position.

6. Backward - Hacia atrás: Moving in the direction opposite to the usual or

intended one.
7. Forward - Hacia adelante: Moving in the direction that one is facing.

8. Shoulder – Hombro: The joint connecting the arm to the body.

9. Skill - Habilidad: The ability to do something well, often acquired through

practice.

10. Toe - Dedo del pi: One of the five digits at the end of the foot.
Questions and Answers

[Link] did I learn?

I learned new vocabulary words related to body movements and anatomy,

including their meanings and translations.

[Link] did I like?

I liked learning how these words connect to human movement, which helps me

understand anatomy better.

[Link] was difficult for me?

It was difficult for me to memorize all the words and their correct spelling, but

reviewing them multiple times will help me improve.

Conclusion

In conclusion, physical therapy plays a crucial role in the recovery and prevention

of injuries, particularly in the context of sports. By addressing the underlying

causes of injuries and restoring functional movement, physical therapists help

athletes and individuals improve their performance, reduce pain, and avoid further

damage. Understanding how the body moves and the stresses it endures during

physical activity allows therapists to design personalized rehabilitation programs

that optimize recovery. Whether dealing with acute injuries or chronic conditions,

physiotherapy aids in achieving a balanced and efficient movement pattern,

promoting overall well-being and longevity in sports and daily activities.