1. ____________ is defined as change in a positive direction.
A. Transition
B. Development
C. Alteration
D. Aariation
ans: B
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2. The major problem with having a science based on identifying developmental
change is that the term "developmental" is
A. subjective -- no two people can agree on the meaning of the term.
B. relative -- people define the term relative to their theoretical
assumptions.
C. unscientific -- people can not prove claims that development change has
occurred
D. meaningless -- nobody can see developmental change so it can’t be measured.
ans: B
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3. Which of the following is not a theoretical issue in developmental
psychology?
A. Environmental vs. biological determinants of behavior
B. Generality vs. specificity of development.
C. Continuity vs. discontinuity of change.
D. Internal vs. external validity
ans: D
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4. Discontinuity theorists portray development as
A. characterized by periods of relative calm and periods of rapid abrupt
change.
B. largely determined by early experience.
C. highly variable from individual to individual.
D. gradual change.
ans: A
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5. When stages are said to be universal, it is typical meant that the
stages...
A. should apply to all children.
B. should apply across all domains.
C. should apply to the rate of development.
D. a and b above.
ans: D
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6. In comparison with Freud, Erikson placed more emphasis on
A. physical development.
B. intellectual development.
C. role of parents.
D. social & cultural influences.
ans: D
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7. Wh one of the following pairs of theorists proposed stage theories of
development?
A. Piaget, Bandura
B. Freud, Lorenz
C. Bronfenbrenner, Erikson
D. Freud, Piaget
ans: D
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8. Piaget's theory of development differs from information-processing theory
in that only Piaget’s theory is based on
A. feedback.
B. environmental stimulation.
C. general cognitive stages.
D. inherited IQ.
ans: C
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9. The Ethological theory of development highlights the importance of
A. the social and historical context.
B. biological and genetic processes.
C. environmental contingencies.
D. interpersonal relations.
ans: B
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10. A researcher known for the Ecological Systems approach to development is
A. Bronfenbrenner
B. Freud
C. Lorenz
D. Piaget
ans: A
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11. The approach that emphasizes the role of modeling in the development of
behavior is best known as:
A. Behaviorism
B. Social Learning theory
C. Operant conditioning
D. Classical conditioning
ans: B
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12. According to ____________, development is a socially mediated process.
A. Piaget
B. Vygotsky
C. Bronfenbrenner
D. Lorenz
ans: B
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1. How would a correlation of -.75 between the amount of alcohol consumed and
the GPA among adolescents be interpreted?
A. Alcohol consumption is not related to GPA.
B. Consumption of alcohol causes lower GPA.
C. Greater consumption of alcohol is related to lower GPA
D. Consumption of alcohol causes higher GPA.
ans: C
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2. Which research design BEST helps a researcher determine the precise causes
of behavior?
A. experimental
B. random assignment
C. laboratory
D. correlational
ans: A
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3. The failure to provide information about the stability of behavior changes
in individuals is a disadvantage of the _____ developmental research design.
A. cohort
B. inferential
C. longitudinal
D. cross-sectional
ans: D
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4. Which developmental design has a serious problem with loss of participants?
A. cohort
B. inferential
C. longitudinal
D. cross-sectional
ans: C
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5. Which of the following statements is true of chromosomes?
A. Chromosomes are stored outside the nucleus of every cell.
B. All chromosomes store and transmit genetic information.
C. Humans and chimpanzees have the same number of chromosomes.
D. All chromosomes come in matching pairs.
ans: B
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6. Which of the following is true of meiosis?
A. One chromosome of each pair is transmitted intact to the new cell.
B. Chromosomes next to each other break and exchange segments.
C. It results in two identical cells with 46 chromosomes.
D. all of the above
ans: B
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7. The pattern of inheritance in which genes from mother and father both
influence a person's characteristics is
A. dominant-recessive.
B. heterodominance.
C. codominance.
D. X-linked.
ans: C
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8. The socioeconomic status index is based on
A. gross income, as reported to the IRS.
B. information gathered in the U. S. Census.
C. the prestige of one's job.
D. a combination of social status, income, and education.
ans: D
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9. Parents who are involved in school activities and attend parent-teacher
conferences have children who
A. experience greater difficulties with peers than other children.
B. show superior academic achievement.
C. display unusual emotional difficulties.
D. are likely to have musical and artistic talents.
ans: B
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10. The idea that environmental factors may be more likely to modify a
behavior earlier than later in life is a part of
A. range of reaction.
B. canalization.
C. niche-picking.
D. passive genetic-environmental correlations.
ans: B
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11. The tendency of an individual to actively choose environments that
complement his or her heredity is called
A. range of reaction.
B. canalization.
C. niche-picking.
D. evocative genetic-environmental correlation.
ans: C
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1. Which of the following is true about high levels of stress hormones
produced by a baby during labor? High levels of stress hormones
A. produce lasting traumatic effects for the baby.
B. reduce the baby's ability to breathe.
C. make the baby more groggy after birth.
D. help the baby withstand oxygen deprivation.
ans: D
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2. All the neurons that will be produced in an individual's lifetime are
formed by
A. the end of the first trimester.
B. the end of the second trimester.
C. birth.
D. the time the child is 2 years old.
ans: B
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3. Usually when a couple has an unhappy marital relationship, the birth of a
baby
A. increases marital conflict.
B. decreases marital conflict.
C. has no effect on the marital relationship.
D. creates renewed feelings of love.
ans: A
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4. The fact that the genetic makeup and age of the prenatal organism
influences the effects of teratogens is an example of
A. proximodistal development.
B. the additive effect.
C. the psychological consequences of teratogens.
D. bidirectional influences between the child and environment.
ans: D
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5. Research indicates that teenage mothers
A. are physically immature, and as a result prenatal difficulties increase.
B. are physically mature and strong enough to support pregnancy.
C. have babies who have a lower rate of problems.
D. are physically and emotionally unprepared for pregnancy.
ans: B
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6. During the second stage of labor, the
A. uterine contractions become more closely spaced in time.
B. placenta is expelled.
C. baby is born.
D. cervix dilates.
ans: C
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7. The best available predictor of infant survival and healthy development is
A. the mother's health.
B. gestational age.
C. high socio-economic status of the parents.
D. birth weight.
ans: D
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8. Neonates can distinguish between the tastes of
A. sweet and sour only.
B. sour and bitter only.
C. sweet and salty only.
D. sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.
ans: D
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9. Jesper was born after 36 weeks and weighed 2.5 pounds, while Nicolas was
born after 30 weeks and weighed 2.5 pounds. All things been equal, which of
the following statements is true?
A. Jesper and Nicolas have equally poor long-term prognosis.
B. Nicolas' long-term prognosis is likely to be more negative than Jesper's.
C. Jesper's long-term prognosis is likely to be more negative than Nicolas'.
D. Nicolas probably was undernourished or malnourished.
ans: C
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10. Brain damage may be indicated when newborn reflexes
A. are strong and reliable.
B. disappear during the first 6 months.
C. persist past the usual disappearance point.
D. are affected by the maturation of the cortex.
ans: C
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