DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL, NERUL
CLASS – VII
SUBJECT – SCIENCE
TOPIC – HEAT
Notes
A. FILL IN THE BLANKS:
1. Heat is a form of energy
2. The range of clinical thermometer is from 35C to 42C
3. Water is a poor conductor of heat.
4. Land and sea breezes help to maintain the temperature of air.
5. Transfer of heat , from the sun to the earth, takes place mainly through the process
of radiation
B. WRITE TRUE OR FALSE:
1. Heat cannot be produced by doing work. False
2. No gaps are left between the rails of railway tracks. False
3. Poor conductors of heat are also good insulators of heat. True
4. Ventilators, when provided in rooms, are located near their roofs. True
5. A material medium is required for transfer of heat by the process of radiation.
False
C. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION:
1. A copper ball of 30C is put in a container, containing water at 30C. in this
case—
Ans. There should be no transfer of heat between the copper ball and water.
2. The reading of the laboratory thermometer, in the figure shown here is -- 18C
3. It is not convenient to use laboratory thermometer to measure our body
temperature. This is so because—
Ans. As the thermometer is taken out from the mouth, the level of mercury in it,
immediately starts falling.
4. When we hold our hand close to the side of a flame, they get warmed up mainly
due to –Ans. Radiation
5. The freezer compartment in a refrigerator is usually put near its top. This
provides good cooling throughout the refrigerator through --
Ans. The setting up of ‘convection currents’ in the air inside the refrigerator.
D. ANSWER IN BRIEF:
1. In which direction does the transfer of heat take place?
ANS: The normal direction of heat transfer is from the hot object to the cold object.
2. What is the cause of heat generation in the following situations?
a) We apply brakes on our fast-moving car.
ANS: Force of friction acting among two objects can generate heat energy. In case of
car, force of friction act between the rim and the brake shoes and between the tyre
and the road.
b) People often jump up and down to feel warmer in cold weather.
ANS: Vigorous physical activities like jumping up and down increase blood circulation
and raises the body temperature. Due to this, people often jump up and down to feel
warm in cold weather.
3. State the type of physical changes that may take place when a substance is
heated.
ANS: Following are the physical changes that may take place when a substance is
heated:
a) Change in temperature:
Addition or removal of heat to or from a body bring about a change in its
temperature. Addition of heat to a body raises its temperature and removal of
heat from a body lowers its temperature.
b) Change of state:
Under proper conditions, addition or removal of heat to or from a body can
bring about a change in its state. A solid change to liquid and a liquid changes to
gas on addition of heat.
c) Thermal expansion:
Most of the materials expand on heating. The metal rim to be put on a
cartwheel expands on heating.
4. In what way(s) does a clinical thermometer differ from an ordinary thermometer?
ANS:
CLINICAL THERMOMETER ORDINARY THERMOMETER:
i. It has a short temperature range i.e. i. It has a large temperature range i.e.
from 35C to 42C. from -10C to 110C or 0C to 100C
ii. It has a kink or a bend or a ii. No such kink or bend is present in its
constriction in its capillary tube. capillary tube.
iii. It is used to measure the iii. It is used to measure the
temperature of a human body. temperature of an object or a place.
iv. It measures temperature accurately iv. It measures temperature accurately
up to 0.1C. up to 1C.
5. State the mode/different modes of heat transfer in the following situations.
a) A paper cup full of hot soup, lying on a table.
ANS: Convection.
b) Cooking vegetables in a pan.
ANS: Conduction and Convection.
c) Melting of chocolate bar, in the school bag, on a hot summer day.
ANS: Radiation
d) Cooking food in a microwave oven.
ANS: Radiation
6. What is meant by sea breeze? When does it occur?
ANS: Water gets heated up slowly than land during daytime. Hence, the air above the
land gets heated up more quickly and rises. Cooler air from above the sea rushes in to
take its place resulting in sea breeze.
E. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:
1. In the arrangement shown in the figure, pins A, B, C and D are fixed to a circular
metal loop with the help of wax?
ANS: The pins would fall in the order A,B,D,C because in metals, the heat is
transferred by conduction, i.e, the particles pass the heat energy to the ‘next in line’
neighbouring particle and in this case B is closer to the source of the heat than D as
AB<AD.
2. Give reasons :
a. Iron rims are heated red hot before fixing them on cartwheels.
Ans. The diameter of the iron rim is less than the diameter of the wheel on which it
has to fitted. When an iron rim is heated it expands and can be easily fitted around
the wheel. When it cools down, it contracts (comes back to its original size) and thus
firmly fixes around the wheel.
b. A clinical thermometer has a slight bend or a kink in its capillary tube.
Ans: A clinical thermometer has as slight kink or bend in its capillary tube because the
kink ensures that the mercury thread doesn’t fall back by itself after the thermometer
has been used to measure the temperature of a person. The reading can, therefore,
be taken conveniently.
c. A new quilt is warmer than an old one.
Ans: This is because the trapping of the air is much better in a new quilt than in an old
one as air is a bad conductor of heat it doesn’t allow or body heat to escape through
this trapped air and we stay warm.
d. A brass tumbler feels much cooler than a wooden tray on a chilly day.
Ans. A brass tumbler is a metal and metals are good conductor of heat. Whereas a
wooden tray is an insulator of heat. Metals gain as well as lose heat quickly. Hence, a
brass tumbler feels much cooler than a wooden tray on a chilly day.
e. The bottom of the cooking utensils are often kept black.
Ans. This is because it enables the utensils to absorb the heat of the flame better
because black colour are better absorbers of heat than light colours.
3. Akshit visited Rishikesh for river rafting during summer holidays. At a campsite,
there were two tents, one made with a black fabric and the other with a white
fabric. Which one should Akshit prefer? Give reason for your choice. Should Akshit
prefer the same tent during winters?
Ans. Akshit should prefer the tent made of white fabric as white colour is a least
radiator (good reflector) of heat as it is summer. He will avoid the tent made with a
black fabric as black colour is a good absorber of heat.
He should prefer the black tent during winter.
4. Explain briefly how winds are caused.
Ans. Winds are caused due to the differential heating of the earth’s surface.
Convectional currents also have a significant effect on weather and climate. When the
air at a place gets heated up, it expands and occupies more space. It therefore
becomes lighter and moves up. The air pressure at a place, then gets lowered. Hence,
air from surroundings rushes in to take the vacated place. This sets up convection
currents in air leading to winds and storms. Winds always flow from area of high
pressure to the area of low pressure.
5. Supriya, while doing experiment in the science laboratory, kept a laboratory
thermometer ‘P’ 10 cm away from the flame of a candle. Her friend riya kept a
similar thermometer ‘Q’ 10 cm above the flame of the candle as shown in the figure.
In which of the thermometer ‘P’ or ‘Q’ will the rise in the temperature will be faster?
Ans. In the thermometer ‘Q’ the rise in the temperature will be faster as air gets
heated up by the process of convection. On the sides there is no convection and air
doesn’t become as hot as at the top.
6. In the two ‘set-ups’ X and Y, shown on the next page , the wires AB and
PQR are made of the same material and have equal ‘thickness’. The length of
the wire AB,(in the setup ‘X’) is equal to the diameter of the wire PR of the
semi-circle formed by the wire PQR(in the setup ‘Y’),pins, p1 and p2 are
attached to the wires AP and PQR respectively with the help of wax, which of
the 2 pins p1 and p2 will fall of later.
Ans. The pin p2 will fall off later as compared to pin p1 because in this heat energy is
transferred by the process of conduction that is from particle to particle and the
length of PQR is greater than the length of the line segment AB.
Extra Questions
Q1. What is energy?
Ans. Energy is the ability to do work.
Q2. What are the different forms of energy?
Ans. The different forms of energy are-
Light energy
Sound energy
Chemical energy
Electrical energy
Nuclear energy
Mechanical energy
Q3. What is heat?
Ans. Heat is a form of energy possessed by an object due to the motion of its
particles (molecules), Even the cold object possesses heat energy due to the
motion of its
Q4. What is temperature?
Ans. The degree of hotness or coldness of an object is called its temperature.
Q5. What is the difference between heat and temperature?
Heat Temperature
1) Heat is a form of 1) Temperature is a measure of heat energy level.
energy.
2) Heat energy raises 2) Temperature decides the direction of flow of
the temperature of a heat. Heat flows from a body at higher temperature
body. to the body at lower temperature.
3) Heat is measured in 3) Temperature is measured in degree Celsius or
Joules. Kelvin.
Q6. Why is mercury used in a thermometer?
Ans. Mercury is used in a thermometer due to its special properties like:
1) It is a shiny, silvery white so it can be seen easily from outside the glass.
2) It doesn’t stick to the glass.
3) It remains in a liquid state for a wide range of temperature i.e.
freezing point is -39C and boiling point is 357C.
4) It expands uniformly.
5) It can be easily obtained in a pure form.
Q7. What are the chemical effects of heat?
Ans. Chemical effects of heat are -
Ex: a) Oxygen is prepared by heating potassium chlorate along with
Manganese dioxide (MnO2 )as a catalyst over a flame. This Oxygen is filled in
cylinders and used in hospitals, by mountaineers and divers.
B) Metal oxides are heated in presence of a reducing agent (coal or charcoal)
to get pure metals.
Q8. Write the difference between conductors and insulators?
CONDUCTORS INSULATORS
1) Conductors are the substances that 1)Insulators are the substances that do
allow the heat energy to travel through not allow the heat energy to flow
them easily. through them easily.
Ex. All metals like iron, copper, Ex. glass, plastic, wood, ebonite,
aluminium, silver, gold rubber, cloth
Q9. What are the two scales in a thermometer?
Ans. The two scales in a thermometer are -
1) Degree Celsius
2) Degree Fahrenheit
Q10. What is a least count?
Ans. The lowest reading that a thermometer can read is called its least count.
Q11. Define conduction
[Link] process of transfer of heat from one particle to the next particle in a
solid without the particles actually moving from their position is called
conduction.
Q12. What is convection?
Ans. Convection is the process of heat transfer in which the particles
change their positions by constantly moving from the hotter region to
colder region, thus causing heat energy to flow.
Q13. What is sea breeze?
Ans. During daytime, the sun shines on both land and sea in coastal regions.
The temperature of land rises faster than the temperature of water. The air
above the land becomes hot and rises. The cooler air from above the sea
rushes into the land to occupy the vacated place. Movement of cold air
from sea to land is called sea breeze.
Q14. What is land breeze?
Ans. At night, land as well as sea loses heat. Land loses heat more quickly
than sea. The air above the land becomes colder. The warm air above the
sea rises. So, cold air from land starts blowing towards the sea to take the
place of hot air and gives rise to land breeze.