Date – CIE (Chapter 1 to 4) Total – [100] Marks

Name – Physics Time Allowed – 2 Hr

1. A power station burns waste materials from farm crops to generate electricity.
(a) State and explain whether this process is renewable.
Statement -

Explanation -

[2]
(b) The power station uses some of its waste thermal energy to heat water for houses in a nearby
town.
State one problem of using waste energy in this way if the power station is far from the town.

Suggest a way of reducing this problem.

[2]
(c) State two environmental consequences of burning coal to generate electricity.

[2]
Total [6]

2.(a) In terms of the momentum of molecules, explain how a gas exerts pressure on the walls
of its container.

[4]
(b) A fixed mass of gas of volume 𝑉1 is at a pressure 𝑝1 . It is compressed to a volume 𝑉2 .
(i) Complete the equation for the final pressure 𝑝2 of the gas when the gas is compressed at
constant temperature.

𝑝2 =

[2]
(ii) State and explain how the final pressure compares with 𝑝2 when the temperature of the gas
increases during compression.
Statement –

Explanation –

[3]
Total [9]

3. Liquids are difficult to compress whereas gases can be compressed easily

(a) Explain, in terms of particles, why it is difficult to compress liquids.

[2]
(b) The figure shows a rectangular block floating in water. The density of the water is
1000kg/m³.

The area of the base of the block is 0.014 m². The base of the block is at a depth of 0.087 m
below the surface of the water.
(i) Show that the pressure due to the water at the base of the block is approximately 850 Pa.

[2]
(ii) Calculate the force F on the base of the block caused by the pressure given in (b)(i).

F = ………………….. [2]
(iii) Force F is equal to the weight of the block.
Calculate the mass of the block.

Mass = ……………………. [2]

Total [8]
4. The figure shows a straight section of a river where the water is flowing from right to left at
a speed of 0.54 m/s.

(not to scale)
A swimmer starts at point P and swims at a constant speed of 0.72 m/s relative to the water and
at right angles to the current.
(a)(i) Determine, relative to the river bank, both the magnitude and direction of the swimmer's
velocity.

magnitude of velocity = ……………………….

direction of velocity …………………………... [4]

(ii) After 1.5 minutes, the swimmer reaches point Q.

Calculate the distance between P and Q.

distance = ……………………… [3]

(b) When the swimmer is crossing the river, his actions produce a constant forward force on
his body.
Explain why he moves at a constant speed.

[2]
Total [9]

5. The figure shows a tennis ball approaching a tennis racket.

The tennis ball hits the racket at a speed of 52 m/s. The average force on the ball during the
time that it is in contact with the racket is 350 N. The speed of the ball after it leaves the racket
is 26 m/s in the opposite direction to the initial speed of the ball. The mass of the ball is 58 g.
(a)(i) Calculate the change in momentum of the ball while it is in contact with the racket.

change in momentum = ……………………………. [3]

(ii) State an equation which defines impulse in terms of force and time.

[1]
(iii) Calculate the time that the racket is in contact with the ball.

time = ………………………. [2]

(b) Calculate the difference between the values of the kinetic energy of the ball before and ate
the impact with the racket.

Difference in kinetic energy = ………………….. [3]

Total [9]

6. The figure shows water stored in a reservoir behind a hydroelectric dam

(not to scale)
(a) State the form of the energy stored in the water in the reservoir that is used to generate
electricity.

[1]
(b) The turbine is 150 m below the level of the water in the reservoir.
Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 Pa. The density of water is 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 .
(i) Calculate the total pressure in the water at the turbine.

Pressure = ………………….. [3]

(ii) The turbine has a cross-sectional area of 3.5 m².
Calculate the force exerted on the turbine by the water.

Force = …………………… [2]

(c) The water flows to the turbine through a pipe of constant cross-sectional area.
Explain why the kinetic energy of the water in the pipe remains constant as it flows through
the pipe.

[2]
Total [8]

7. A ship sails in a straight line between two ports.

The figure shows the speed-time graph of the ship for the first 100 minutes of its journey
between the two ports.
(a) Calculate the maximum acceleration during the first 100 minutes of the ship’s journey.

maximum acceleration = …………………….. [2]

(b) Calculate the total distance travelled by the ship between time = 42 min and time = 100
min.

Distance travelled = ……………………… [3]

(c) At a time not shown on the graph, the acceleration of the ship is 0.0087 m/s². The total mass
of the ship and its passengers is 2.3 × 107 kg.
(i) Calculate the resultant force on the ship.

force = …………………………. [2]

(ii) Explain why the force on the ship due to the ship's engine is greater than the value you
calculated in (c)(i).

[1]
Total [8]
8.(a) A steel block floats in mercury but sinks in water. So, how does a steel ship manage to
float in water?

[3]
(b) Why is it easier to float in the sea than in a swimming pool?

[2]
(c)(i) Barometer can measure ………………………………… [1]
(ii) Manometer can measure ………………………………….. [1]
(iii) Hydrometer can measure ………………………………… [1]
Total [8]

9. A student investigates the period of a pendulum.

The figure shows the set-up.
(a) The distance d is measured from the bottom of the clamp to the centre of the bob.
The student adjusts the length of the pendulum until d = 50.0 cm.
He displaces the bob slightly and releases it so that it swings.
He uses a stop-watch to measure the time t for 10 complete oscillations.

(i) The figure shows the reading on the stop-watch.

Record, in the table, the time t for 10 complete oscillations. [1]
(ii) Calculate and record in the table, the period T of the pendulum. The period is the time for
one complete oscillation. [1]
(iii) Calculate 𝑇 2 and record your value in the table. [1]
(iv) Write the units in the column headings. [2]
d/ t/ T/ 𝑇 2/
50.0
100.0 20.20 2.02 4.08

(b) The student repeats the procedure in (a) using d = 100.0 cm. The readings and results are
shown in the table.
Another student suggests that 𝑇 2 is directly proportional to d.
Explain briefly how to test the suggestion using the results in the table.

[2]
(c) The procedure can be repeated to plot a graph.
Suggest additional values of d that are suitable for the experiment.

[1]
(d) Explain how you would measure the distance d as accurately as possible. Draw a diagram
to help your explanation.

[2]
(e) Explain why timing 10 oscillations gives a more accurate result for the period T than timing
one oscillation.

[1]
Total [11]

10. A cube of side 0.040 m is floating in a container of liquid. The figure shows that the surface
of the liquid is 0.028 m above the level of the bottom face of the cube.
The pressure of the air above the cube exerts a force on the top face of the cube. The valve is
closed.
(a) Explain, in terms of air molecules, how the force due to the pressure of the air is produced.

[3]
(b) The density of the liquid in the container is 1500 kg/m³.
Calculate:
(i) the pressure due to the liquid at a depth of 0.028 m

pressure = ……………………… [2]

(ii) the force on the bottom face of the cube caused by the pressure due to the liquid.

force = ……………………….. [2]

(c) The valve is opened and liquid is pumped into the container. The surface of the liquid rises
a distance of 0.034 m. The cube remains floating in the liquid with its bottom face 0.028 m
below the surface of the liquid.
(i) Calculate the work done on the cube by the force in (b)(ii).

work done = ……………………… [2]

(ii) Suggest one reason why this is not an efficient method of lifting up the cube.

[1]
Total [10]

11. Many methods of generating electrical power involve the use of water.
(a) Describe one method of generating electrical power from energy stored in water

[3]
(b) For the method you chose in (a), state one advantage and one disadvantage of generating
electricity this way.
Advantage –

Disadvantage –

[2]
(c) State two methods of generating electrical power for which the main source of energy is
not the Sun.

[2]
Total [7]
12. A battery provides energy to an electric car
(a) The electric car has an acceleration of 2.9 m/s² when it moves from rest.
The combined mass of the car and its driver is 1600 kg.
(i) Calculate the time taken to reach a speed of 28 m/s.

Time = …………………. [2]

(ii) Calculate the force required to produce this acceleration.

Force = …………………… [2]

(iii) Calculate the kinetic energy of the car when its speed is 28 m/s.

kinetic energy = ……………………… [2]

(b) Under ideal conditions, the car can travel a maximum distance of 390 km when the battery
is fully charged.
Suggest why, in normal use, the car needs to be recharged after travelling less than 390 km.

[1]
Total [7]