ISC Robotics
ISC Robotics
ROBOTICS
(884)
February 2025
____________________________________________________________________________________________
MISSION STATEMENT
ETHOS OF CISCE
This subject may be taken with Computer Science but not with Artificial Intelligence.
Aims
1. To develop an understanding of concepts and 4. To introduce programming concepts used in
applications of Robotics. Robotics.
2. To develop competencies in Robotics via., 5. To familiarize students with the integration of
classroom instruction, laboratory and self- subsystems.
directed project-based learning approach. 6. To facilitate appreciation, understanding and
3. To facilitate appreciation, understanding and application of Robotics.
application with introductory concepts of 7. To discuss Types of Robots based on
Robotics and Mechanical, Electrical and applications.
Computing Sub Systems. 8. To provide examples of application-based
robots.
CLASS XI
There will be two papers in the subject: Paper II: Practical - 3 hours ... 15 marks
Paper I: Theory - 3 hours ... 70 marks Project Work … 10 marks
Practical File … 5 marks
TOTAL 70 Marks
2
ISC Examination Year 2027
(vii) Coordinate Systems. Adaptive Control Systems: Adaptive control
Cartesian, polar, and cylindrical systems, complex, repetitive motions, such
coordinates used for robot positioning and as pick-and-place operations in logistics or
movement. packaging.
(viii) Specification of Robots. 3. Computing Systems
Resolution: Reference to the smallest
(i) Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT).
incremental movement that a robot can
Application in robotics for decision-
detect or achieve, robot’s control system
making.
and sensors.
(ii) Microcontroller / SBC Architecture.
Current Trends: Higher Resolution Understanding block diagrams and
Encoders particularly in applications architecture.
requiring high precision, such as
electronics or biomedical manufacturing. (iii) Programming Fundamentals.
Algorithms, flowcharts, pseudo code,
Sub-Micron Resolution: High-precision
microcontroller/SBC programming, basic
applications, robots, sub-micron levels and
embedded C programming, interrupts, and
semiconductor manufacturing.
timers.
Integrated Vision Systems: Integrated
(iv) Debugging and Testing.
vision systems that enhance resolution by
allowing real-time adjustments based on Ensuring correct and efficient program
visual feedback. execution.
3
ISC Examination Year 2027
(v) Control Systems. Examination Session
Basics of control systems ensuring The program handed in at the end of the
accurate, efficient, and safe robot Planning/Writing session shall be returned to the
performance. candidates. The candidates will be required to do
and execute the program, circuit on seen and unseen
5. Applications of Robotic Systems inputs individually on the computer, hardware and
(i) Manipulators show execution to the examiner. A printout of the
Study the basic mathematical concepts and program listing, including output should be attached
control strategies used in analyzing robotic to the answer script containing the handwritten
manipulator arms, emphasizing their program and hardware results. This should be
practical use in automating industrial returned to the examiner. The program should be
sufficiently documented so that the
processes and assembly tasks.
apparatus/components required, circuit
(ii) Mobile Robots diagram/block diagram, algorithm/flowchart,
Examine the basic design principles and representation, development process,
sensor integration techniques for observations/output is clear from reading the
autonomous mobile robots, emphasizing program. Large differences between the planned
their role in logistics, transportation, and program and the printout will result in loss of
search and rescue operations. marks.
(iii) Drones Teachers should maintain a record of all the
Applying the principles of aerial robotics assignments done as part of the practical work
and drone technology, including sensor throughout the year and give it due credit at the
payloads, and regulations, with time of cumulative evaluation at the end of the year.
applications in aerial photography, Students are expected to do a minimum of twenty
agriculture, and disaster response. assignments for the year and ONE project based on
the syllabus.
PAPER II – PRACTICALS-30 Marks LIST OF SUGGESTED
The practical paper of three hours duration will be ASSIGNMENTS/EXPERIMENTS:
evaluated internally by the school. The paper shall Some sample problems are given below as
consist of three problem statements from which a examples. The problems are of varying levels of
candidate has to attempt any one problem difficulty:
statement.
1. Provide physical objects and demonstrate how
The practical consists of two parts: to describe their positions using Cartesian,
(1) Planning/ Writing Session polar, and cylindrical coordinate systems.
(2) Examination Session 2. Construct a simple robotic arm and analyze its
degrees of freedom and range of motion.
The total time to be spent on the Planning/Writing 3. Connect sensors such as ultrasonic, infrared, or
Session and the Examination session is three hours.
camera sensors to a robot and perform tasks
A maximum of 90 minutes is permitted for the like obstacle avoidance or object detection.
Planning/Writing Session and 90 minutes for the
4. Use a microcontroller (e.g., Arduino) to
Examination session. Candidates are to be program basic robot movements such as
permitted to proceed to the Examination Session
forward, backward, left, and right.
only after the 90 minutes of the Planning / 5. Use inverse kinematics to control the end-
Writing Session are over. effector of a robotic arm to reach specific target
Planning/Writing Session positions.
6. Program a robot to detect obstacles using
The candidates will be required to prepare an
sensors and navigate around them
algorithm and a handwritten program to solve the
autonomously.
problem.
4
ISC Examination Year 2027
7. Use Bluetooth or Wi-Fi modules to establish Evaluation will be done as follows:
wireless communication between a robot and a
Assignments: 10 Marks
remote-control device.
8. Use simulation software to model and simulate Criteria Class design - Documentation
robotic systems performing various tasks. (Total 10 Execution Practical File
9. Choose a robotics project (e.g., autonomous marks) (4 marks) (6 marks)
robot navigation, robotic arm manipulation) and Excellent 4 6
work in teams to design, build, and demonstrate
their project. Good 3 4
Poor 1 2
NOTE: This list is indicative only. Teachers and
Project Work: 5
students should use their imagination to create
marks
innovative and original assignments.
Criteria Knowledge Functiona Presentation
EVALUATION OF ASSIGNMENTS (Total and lity and
(1 marks)
Marks (out of 30) should be distributed as given Understand Performa
5 marks)
below. ing nce
Continuous Evaluation (1 marks) (3 marks)
Candidates will be required to submit a work file Excellent 1 3 1
containing the practical work related to assignments Good 1 2 1
done during the year and ONE project. Poor 1 1 1
Assignments done throughout the year 10 marks
Terminal Evaluation
Project Work (based on any topic from 5 marks
the syllabus)
Solution to Problem Statement on 15 marks
Hands-On/ Programming
Proposed Guidelines for Marking
The actual grading will be done by the teacher Marks should be given for choice of algorithm and
based on his/her judgment. One possible way: implementation strategy, circuit making,
divide the outcome for each criterion into one of 3 documentation, correct output on known inputs
groups: excellent, good, poor/unacceptable, then mentioned in the question paper, correct output for
use numeric values for each grade and add to get unknown inputs available only to the examiner.
the total.
5
ISC Examination Year 2027
CLASS XII
There will be two papers in the subject: Paper II: Practical - 3 hours ... 15 marks
Paper I: Theory - 3 hours ... 70 marks Practical File … 15 marks
6
ISC Examination Year 2027
PAPER I – THEORY – 70 Marks Cart, Vision System, Endo wrist
Instruments
Note: Key concepts of Class XI need to be revised Advantages: Enhanced Precision,
as a prerequisite Minimally Invasive, High-Definition
1. Introduction Visualization, Reduced Fatigue for
Surgeons
(i) Design and Selection Parameter of a Robot.
b. Ultrasound Robotic System
Fundamental principles and considerations
in designing and selecting robots for Working Principle: diagnostic imaging
various applications. by automating the positioning and
movement of the ultrasound probe.
(ii) Basic introduction to ROS and Gazebo. Controlled remotely or semi-
Robot Operating System (ROS) and the autonomously, follows pre- programmed
Gazebo simulation environment, essential instructions which ensures consistent and
tools for robot development and simulation. accurate imaging, reducing variability
and improving diagnostic quality.
(iii) Robotics Ethics.
Components: Robotic Arm, Control
Accountability, Privacy and Surveillance, System, Ultrasound Probe, Display and
Human-Robot Interaction, Impact on Image Processing Unit.
Employment, Safety and Security, Advantages: Consistent Imaging Quality,
Autonomy vs. Control, Social Implications, Enhanced Precision in Diagnosis,
Military and Defense, Environmental Reduced Technician Strain.
Impact.
c. Exoskeleton Robots
2. Robotics in Healthcare Working Principle: mimicking and
supporting natural body movements,
(i) Introduction
wearable devices that provide powered
Represents a transformative shift in medical support to the user’s limbs, enabling
procedures, patient care, rehabilitation, movement and reducing strain. Sensors
and technological advancements, with detect the movements or intentions,
applications in complex surgeries, patient allowing the exoskeleton to respond
assistance, diagnostics, and physical accordingly. Assist patients with mobility
therapy. impairments in regaining strength and
(ii) Types of Robots motor function.
Surgical Robots, Assistance Robots, Components: Structural Frame, Motors
Diagnostic Robots, Rehabilitation and and Actuators, Control System, Sensors
Therapy Robots. Advantages: Improved Mobility,
Rehabilitation Support, Enhanced
(iii) Application Strength and Endurance.
a. da Vinci Surgical System
Working Principle: operates on the 3. Robotics in Agriculture
principle of minimally invasive robotic- (i) Introduction
assisted surgery and controlled by a Application of robotics and artificial
surgeon from a console, the system intelligence (AI) in farming, improve
translates hand movements into precise productivity, reduce costs, and support
micro-movements of tiny instruments sustainable practices. Agricultural robots,
inside the patient’s body through a or "agrobots," for planting seeds and
high-definition, 3D magnified view, spraying pesticides to monitoring crop
which provides paralleled accuracy and health and harvesting.
precision, minimizing tissue trauma and
reducing recovery time.
Components: Surgeon Console, Patient
7
ISC Examination Year 2027
(ii) Types of Robots 4. Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0/5.0.
Seeding and Spraying Robot, Ground (i) Introduction
Mobile Robot (Weeding Robot, Harvesting
Integrates digital technology and
Robot, Pruning Robot),Monitoring and
automation to enhance manufacturing
Sensing Robot.
efficiency, flexibility, and intelligence.
(iii) Application Emphasizes the connectivity of machines,
a. Seeding and Spraying Robot data, and artificial intelligence to create
smart factories, brings in human-centric
Working Principle: based on GPS and
approaches.
sensor data to ensure precise
placement and application, navigate (ii) Types of Robots
fields using predefined coordinates, Industrial Robot Arms, Collaborative
placing seeds at specified intervals or Robots (Cobots), Automated Guided
spraying crops with the right amount of Vehicles (AGVs), 3D Printing Robots,
chemicals. Robotic Welding Systems.
Components: GPS Module, Sensors,
Spraying System, Seeding Mechanism, (iii) Application
Power Source. a. Manipulator
Advantages: Precision Farming, Working Principle: Arms with multiple
Labour Reduction, Environmental joints that simulate human arm
Benefits. movements to manipulate tools or work
b. Ground Mobile Robot pieces, uses servo motors and
controllers, the manipulator follows
Working Principle: move autonomously
programmed paths, allowing precise
across the farm, scanning and
positioning and controlled force
collecting data on soil conditions, crop
application.
health, and more. Operate using wheels
Components: Actuators, Controller,
or tracks, equipped with GPS for
End-Effector, Sensors, Power Supply.
navigation. Components of the System:
Advantages: Precision, Speed, Reduced
Mobility [Link] Unit, GPS
Labor Costs.
Module, Imaging and Sensing
b. Security and Sensing Robot
Equipment, Communication Module
Advantages of the System: Efficient Working Principle: Patrol factory
Field Coverage, Real-Time Data floors, using sensors and cameras to
Collection, Saves Resources. monitor environments for safety and
security. Operates autonomously,
c. Monitoring and Sensing Robot analyzing surroundings in real-time
Working Principle: Monitoring and and alerting personnel to issues like
sensing using cameras and sensors to unauthorized access, fire hazards, or
assess crop health, detect pest machinery malfunctions. Equipped with
infestations, and monitor soil moisture AI, they can process data to detect
levels. anomalies and potential threats.
Components of the System: Imaging Components: Sensors, Navigation
Sensors, Environmental Sensors, Data System, AI Processor, Communication
Storage and Processing Unit, Module, Power Source.
Communication System, Power Source. Advantages: Enhanced Security,
Advantages of the System: Data- Incident Detection, Data Collection
Driven Insights, Early Problem c. Collaborative Robots (Cobots)
Detection, Improves Yield Quality. Working Principle: Uses sensors to
detect human presence, and algorithms
to ensure safe interactions, handle
tasks that require precision and
8
ISC Examination Year 2027
flexibility, assisting humans with labor-
intensive activities c. Gaganyaan–Vyommitra
Components: Sensors, AI-Driven Working Principle: Vyommitra, the
Control Unit, End-Effector, Feedback humanoid robot developed for ISRO's
Systems, Power Supply. Gaganyaan mission, functions similarly
Advantages: Safety, Adaptability, to advanced robotic systems like the
Enhanced Productivity. Canadarm2. It operates by responding to
commands from mission control and
5. Space Robotics astronauts aboard the spacecraft.
(i) Introduction Components: Joints and Actuators, End
Exploring and understanding the vast Effectors, Sensors and Cameras, Power
expanse beyond Earth as essential in Source.
exploring planets, moons, and asteroids. Advantages: Versatility, Precision,
Carryout tasks that would be dangerous or Enhanced Safety.
impossible for humans, such as collecting
samples, studying environments, and PAPER II – PRACTICALS -30 Marks
assisting in construction and repair tasks in The practical paper of three hours’ duration will be
space. evaluated by the Visiting Examiner appointed
(iii) Types of Robots locally and approved by CISCE.
Planetary Rovers, Space Probes and The paper shall consist of three problem statements
Landers, Space Station robotics. /problems from which a candidate has to attempt
(iii) Application any one. The practical consists of two parts:
a. Mars Rover Program (1) Planning/ Writing Session
Working Principle: Operate semi- (2) Examination Session
autonomously, relying on instructions The total time to be spent on the Planning/Writing
sent from Earth, use of sensors, cameras, Session and the Examination session is three hours.
and AI algorithms to navigate Martian A maximum of 90 minutes is permitted for the
terrain, avoid obstacles, and perform Planning/Writing Session and 90 minutes for the
tasks such as drilling and soil analysis. Examination session.
Components: Power Source, Mobility
System, Camera and Imaging Systems, Candidates are to be permitted to proceed to the
Scientific Instruments, Communication Examination Session only after the 90 minutes of
System. the Planning / Writing Session are over.
Advantages: Remote Exploration, Data Planning/Writing Session
Collection, Autonomous Operation. The candidates will be required to prepare an
b. Chandrayaan-2 Mission algorithm and a handwritten program to solve the
Working Principle: studying the Moon’s problem.
surface and its mineral composition. Examination Session
performs remote sensing, operate semi- The program handed in at the end of the
autonomously, gathering data and Planning/Writing session shall be returned to the
transmitting it back to Earth. candidates. The candidates will be required to do
Components: Orbiter, Lander (Vikram), and execute the program individually on the
Rover (Pragyan), Power Source, computer, hardware and show execution to the
Communication System. Visiting Examiner. A printout of the program listing
Advantages: Detailed Lunar Study, including output results should be attached to the
National Achievement, Cost-Effective answer script containing the handwritten program
Research. and hardware results. This should be returned to the
examiner. The program should be sufficiently
9
ISC Examination Year 2027
documented so that the apparatus/components 7. Create educational robotics kits or tutorials for
required, circuit diagram/block diagram, teaching robotics concepts to younger students
algorithm/flowchart, representation, development or beginners.
process, observations/output is clear from reading 8. Participate in a debate or discussion on ethical
the program. Large differences between the planned considerations in robotics, exploring topics like
program and the printout will result in loss of autonomy, privacy, and safety.
marks. Teachers should maintain a record of all the 9. Design and build a robot to compete in specific
assignments done as part of the practical work challenges, such as maze navigation, object
throughout the year and give it due credit at the manipulation, or obstacle avoidance.
time of cumulative evaluation at the end of the year. 10. Pursue a self-directed robotics innovation
Students are expected to do a minimum of twenty- project, exploring emerging technologies, novel
five assignments for the year. applications, or interdisciplinary collaborations.
The details are as follows:
NOTE: This list is indicative only. Teachers and
Details of Assignments to be done during the students should use their imagination to create
year innovative and original assignments.
Some sample problems are given below as Assignments done throughout the year 5
examples. The problems are of varying levels of (Visiting Examiner) marks
difficulty:
1. Design and build a simple robot using basic
Proposed Guidelines for Marking
materials like cardboard, motors, and sensors.
2. Explore Robot Operating System (ROS) and The actual grading will be done by the teacher
simulate a robotic system using Gazebo based on his/her judgment. One possible way:
simulation environment. divide the outcome for each criterion into one of 3
3. Research and present a case study on the groups: excellent, good, poor/unacceptable, then
application of robotics in healthcare, focusing use numeric values for each grade and add to get
on surgical robots, rehabilitation robots, or the total.
telepresence robots. Evaluation will be done as follows:
4. Design a robot tailored for agricultural
applications, considering factors like mobility, Assignments: 10 Marks
sensing, and autonomy. Criteria Class design - Documentation
5. Develop an implementation plan for integrating (Total 10 Execution Practical File
robotics and automation in a manufacturing marks) (4 marks) (6 marks)
facility as part of Industry 4.0 initiatives.
Excellent 4 6
6. Propose a robotic mission for space exploration,
outlining the mission architecture, payload Good 3 4
requirements, and scientific goals. Poor 1 2
10
ISC Examination Year 2027
Terminal Evaluation mentioned in the question paper, correct output for
unknown inputs available only to the examiner.
Solution to Problem Statement on 15 Note: Program logic should be expressed through
Hands-On/ Programming marks algorithm or flowchart; circuit or block diagram,
and listing required apparatus or components and
Marks should be given for choice of algorithm / writing observations/output.
flowchart / circuit / block diagram, and
implementation strategy, circuit making,
documentation, correct output on known inputs
11
ISC Examination Year 2027
LABORATORY REQUIREMENTS
(For a class of 30 students)
1 Joystick 15
3 IR Sensor 15
4 Ultrasonic Sensor 15
6 Temp. Sensor 15
9 Trimmer Potentiometer 15
11 Wheel 65mm 4
12 BO Wheel 70mm 4
15 Switch keyboard 5
16 Bluetooth Module with button 10
17 BO Motor straight 15
12
ISC Examination Year 2027
Name of Components Quantity
Sl. No.
19 Servo motor 15
24 Transistor 1
25 Linear Voltage Regulator (Pack of three) 5
1
26 Capacitor Assorted Kit
27 LED Assortment Kit 1
28 Metal Film Resistor 2
2
29 Digital Multimeter
34 LCD Display 10
13
ISC Examination Year 2027
Sl. No. Name of Components Quantity
40 SPST Rocker Switch 10
41 Digital LDR Module 15
42 Arduino UNO with cable 45
43 Battery holder 10
45 Raspberry Pi 5, 8 GB / ESP32 5
46 Measuring Tape 5M 1
14
ISC Examination Year 2027
SAMPLE TABLE FOR PRACTICAL WORK
Assessment of Assessment of the Practical Examination TOTAL MARKS
Unique Practical File (To be evaluated by the Visiting Examiner only) (Total Marks are to
Identification be added and
S. No. Internal Visiting Algorithm C/Python Program Hard Output entered by the
Number (Unique
Evaluation Examiner with internal Copy Visiting Examiner)
ID) of the candidate
10 Marks 5 Marks Documentation (printout)
3 Marks 7 Marks 2 Marks 3 Marks 30 Marks
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
15
ISC Examination Year 2027