D”P gva¨wgK ● f~‡Mvj (cÖ_g cÎ) ● Aa¨vqwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi

PZz_© Aa¨vq : evqygÐj I evqy`~lY

1. bRxe `xN© `k eQi ci hz³iv‡óÖi †U·vm †_‡K XvKvq wgD‡Ukb, eܨvZ¡, 僇Yi A¯^vfvweK e…w× I weKvk
Av‡m| GLvbKvi Mvwoi Kv‡jv †auvqv, KjKviLvbvi Ges Rb¥ÎywU NU‡Z cv‡i|
wbM©Z M¨v‡mi d‡j m…ó `‚lY Zvi Rb¨ GKwU A¯^w¯ÍKi DÏxc‡K bRxe `xN© `k eQi ci hz³iv‡óÖi †U·vm
Ae¯’vi m…wó nq| †_‡K XvKvq Av‡m| GLvbKvi Mvwoi Kv‡jv †avuqv,
K. CFC Gi c‚Y©ic ~ Kx? KjKviLvbvq wbM©Z M¨vm e¨vcKfv‡e evqy `‚lY m…wó
L. Rx‡ei Rb¨ evqygЇji †Kvb ¯Íi AwaK ¸iæZ¡c‚Y© K‡i| hv gvbe ¯^v¯’¨ I cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ e¨vcK ¶wZi
e¨vL¨v Ki| KviY n‡q `vuovq|
M. gvbe‡`‡ni Ici DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ `‚l‡Yi N. DÏxc‡K m…ó `‚lYwU n‡jv evqy`‚lY hv gvbe ¯^v‡¯’¨i
cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki| Ici e¨vcK cÖfve m…wó K‡i| wb‡P, evqy`‚lY
N. D³ `‚lY cÖwZ‡iv‡a KiYxq c`‡¶c m¤ú‡K© cÖwZ‡iv‡a KiYxq c`‡¶c m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv
†Zvgvi gZvgZ we‡kølY Ki| n‡jvÑ
1 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi mgv‡Ri mKj ¯Í‡ii gvbzl‡K evqy`‚l‡Yi KviY I
K. CFC Gi c‚Y©i~c n‡jv- Chloro Fluoro cÖfve m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Ki‡Z n‡e| evqy`‚l‡Yi eZ©gvb
Carbon. Ae¯’v cwigv‡ci Rb¨ e¨vcK Rwic I ch©‡e¶‡Yi
L. Rx‡ei †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ evqygЇji Uª‡cvgÐj ¯ÍiwU e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e| RbmvaviY‡K evqy`‚l‡Yi d‡j
AwaK ¸iæZ¡c‚Y©| GwU evqygЇji me©wb¤œ ¯Íi| G ¯Í‡i gvbz‡li ¯^v¯’¨ I m¤ú‡`i Kx ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i †m m¤^‡Ü
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, Aw·‡Rb, Kve©bWvBA·vBW, a‚wjKYv cwiwPwZ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖf…wZ ¸iæZ¡c‚Y© Dcv`vb _v‡K hv cÖvYx I Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨ cwi‡e‡k RbmsL¨v fvi Kgv‡Z n‡e| cwi‡ek evÜe
LzeB cÖ‡qvRb| GQvov G ¯Í‡i †gN, e…wócvZ, cÖhzw³ e¨env‡i gvbyl‡K DØz× Ki‡Z n‡e| evqy`‚lY
evqycÖevn, Kzqvkv, So, eRÖwe`¨zr cÖf…wZ mewKQzB cÖwZ‡iv‡a †`‡k we`¨gvb AvBb h_vh_fv‡e †g‡b
N‡U| c…w_exi evqygЇji kZKiv 80 fvM evqy G ¯Íi Pj‡Z n‡e| m¤ú‡`i h_vh_ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
aviY Kivq G ¯Í‡ii wb‡P Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi Aw¯ÍZ¡ †`Lv B‡Ui fvUvq Kv‡Vi cwie‡Z© Kqjv e¨envi Ki‡Z
hvq| ZvB Uª‡cvgÐj ¯ÍiwU Rx‡ei| †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ n‡e| hvbevn‡b wW‡R‡ji cwie‡Z© wmGbwRi e¨envi
AwaK ¸iæZ¡c‚Y©| e…w× Ki‡Z n‡e| wbwe©Pv‡i MvQ KvUv eÜ K‡i ebvqb
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ `‚lYwU n‡jv evqy`‚lY| wb‡P Ki‡Z n‡e|
gvbe¯^v‡¯’¨i Ici evqy`‚l‡Yi cÖfve we‡kølY Kiv cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, RvwZms‡Ni cwi‡ek mswkøó we‡kl
n‡jvÑ K‡i evqy`‚lY cÖwZ‡iv‡a M…nxZ wewfbœ G‡RÛv
evqy`‚l‡Yi Ab¨Zg `‚lK n‡”Q mvjdvi WvBA·vBW ev¯Íevq‡bi †`k‡K h_vh f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e|
(SO2), bvB‡UÖv‡Rb WvBA·vBW (NO2) hv
eÖ¼vBwUm m…wó K‡i| eÖ¼vBwU‡mi cÖavb DcmM© 2. B`vbxs mg‡q XvKv I cvk¦©eZ©x A‡j cÖPÐ Mvwoi
`xN©¯’vqx Kvwk, AZ¨waK wgDKvm ¶iY I mÂq Ges Pv‡c gvbzl Amnvq n‡q co‡Q| GQvov U½xi wkívÂj
wewNœZ k¦mb| evqy`‚lY Ges a‚gcvb dzmdzm K¨vbmv‡ii I Avïwjqv‡Z M‡o D‡V‡Q AmsL¨ BUfvUv| G‡`i
cÖavb KviY| kn‡ii evqy`‚lY ZxeÖ nIqvq MÖv‡gi wkíeR¨© I wbM©Z M¨vmxq c`v_© µgvMZ evqy‡Z
Zzjbvq kn‡i dzmdzm K¨vÝv‡i AvµvšÍ gvbz‡li msL¨v wgk‡Q| gvbzl cÖvqkB Kvc‡o bvK, gzL †P‡c k¦vmKó
A‡bK †ewk| Drcv`b ¯’‡j ev AÆvwjKv wbg©v‡Yi mgq I `zM©Ü †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi †Póv K‡i hv‡”Q|
A¨vR‡e÷v‡mi cÖfv‡e dzmdzmxq Kjv Agm…Y nq Ges K. `‚lY Kx?
`xN©¯’vqx cÖfv‡e dzmdz‡m ¶‡Zi m…wó nq| dzmdz‡mi L. Mvwoi msL¨v e…w× evqy`‚l‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úK©hz³
Gi~c A¯^vfvweK Ae¯’v‡K A¨vR‡e‡÷vwmm ev e¨vL¨v Ki|
dzmdzmxq dvB‡eÖvwmm e‡j| evqy‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi M. DÏxc‡K Bw½ZK…Z `‚l‡Yi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|
†ZRw¯Œq Dcv`v‡bi Dcw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y AwZkq g›` N. DÏxc‡Ki `‚lY gvbe¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨
cÖfve h_v- A¨vwbwgqv, wjD‡Kwgqv Ges K¨vÝvi m…wó ûgwK¯^i~cwe‡kølY Ki|
n‡Z cv‡i| †ZRw¯Œq AvB‡mv‡Uv‡ci cÖfv‡e Gi 2 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. ivmvqwbK, †fŠwZK I ˆRweK Kvi‡Y cwi‡e‡ki wMÖbnvDm cÖwZwµqvq I‡Rvb¯Íi ¶q †c‡q AwZ‡e¸wb
cÖvK…wZK ˆewk‡ó¨i †h‡Kv‡bv †bwZevPK cwieZ©bB iwk¥ f‚c…‡ô cwZZ n‡”Q| d‡j Pvgovi K¨vÝvimn
n‡jv `‚lY| gvivZ¥K †ivM m…wó Ki‡Q|
L Mvwoi msL¨v e…w× evqy`‚l‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úK©hz³| ZvB ejv hvq, evqy`‚lY gvbe ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ûgwK¯^iƒc|
Mvwoi Kv‡jv †avuqv evqy`‚l‡Yi Ab¨Zg KviY| †h
Kvi‡Y MÖvg G‡ji Zzjbvq kn‡ii evqy`‚lY †ewk nq| 3. mvwg I †mgwšÍ bMixi e¨¯ÍZg moK w`‡q cÖwZw`b ¯‹z‡j
Mvwoi msL¨v hZ e…w× hvZvqvZ K‡i| mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j iv¯Ívi `z'cv‡k wKQz
I ZZB Kv‡jv †auvqv AvKv‡k †ewk Qov‡e Ges wkíKviLvbv M‡o D‡V‡Q| d‡j cÖvqk Amz¯’ n‡q Zviv
evqy`‚lY e…w× ZvB ejv hvq, Mvwoi msL¨v e…w× wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q hvq| wPwKrmK Zv‡`i GB Amz¯’Zvi
evqy`‚l‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úK©hz³| Rb¨ †cÖmwµck‡bi cvkvcvwk wKQz civgk©I †`b|
M. DÏxc‡K evqy`‚l‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| K. evqyi Av`Ö©Zv Kv‡K e‡j?
evqy n‡jv KwZcq M¨vmxq Dcv`vb hv me©`v c…w_ex‡K L. Rx‡ei †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ evqygЇji †Kvb ¯Íi
Ave…Z K‡i weRgvb| evqygЇji g‡a¨ hLb `‚wlZ AwaK ¸iæZ¡c‚Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki|
†auvqv, M¨vm, ev¤ú BZ¨vw`| Dcv`v‡bi mgv‡ek N‡U M. mvwg I †mgwšÍi Amz¯’Zvi Rb¨ `vqx `‚lK I `‚lY
Ges hvi `i~b gvbzl, RxeRš‘ I RM‡Zi ¶wZ nq, Dr‡mi e¨vL¨v Ki|
ZLb Zv‡K evqy`‚lY e‡j| N. DÏxc‡Ki mvwg I †mgwšÍi mz¯’Zvi Rb¨ Kx Kx
gvbem…ó Kg©Kv‡Ð evqy †ewk cwigv‡Y `‚wlZ nq| †hgb c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv DwPZ- †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI|
†gvUi hvbevnb, wkíKviLvbv, cvIqvi cøv›U, 3 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
†K¬v‡iv‡d¬v‡iv Kve©b (CFC), AveR©bvmg‚n; †gvUi K. evqyi Rjxqev®ú aviY Kiv‡K evqyi Av`Ö©Zv e‡j|
hvbevnb †_‡K nvB‡WªvKve©b, bvB‡Uªv‡Rb A·vBW L. Rx‡ei †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ Uª‡cvgÐj AwaK ¸iæZ¡c‚Y©|
Drcbœ; wkíKviLvbv †_‡K Drcbœ wewfbœ welv³ M¨vm Uª‡cvgÐj evqygЇji me©wbgœ ¯Íi| f‚c…ô msjMœ G ¯ÍiwU
hv evqyi mv‡_ wg‡k evqy‡K `‚wlZ K‡i| GQvov f‚c…ô †_‡K 18 wKwg EaŸ© ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| G ¯Í‡i
†iwd«Rv‡iUi, Gqvi KwÛkbvi cÖf…wZ e¨env‡ii Kvi‡Y bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, Aw·‡Rb, Kve©b-WvBA·vBW, a‚wjKYv
Kve©b g‡bvA·vBW Drcbœ nq| hv evqy‡K cÖf…wZ ¸iæZ¡c‚Y© Dcv`vb _v‡K hv cÖvYx I Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨
gvivZ¥Kfv‡e `‚wlZ K‡i| Avevi Av‡MœqwMwii LzeB cÖ‡qvRb|
AMœy¨rcv‡Zi d‡j Dw_Z jvfv f‚c…‡ôi Av‡kcv‡ki GQvov G ¯Í‡i †gN, e…wócvZ, evqycÖevn, Kzqvkv, So,
evqy‡K `‚wlZ K‡i| eRÖwe`y¨r cÖf…wZ mewKQzB N‡U|
N. DÏxc‡K †h `‚l‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv M. DÏxc‡Ki mvwg I †mgwšÍ †h iv¯Ív w`‡q PjvPj K‡i H
evqy`‚lY| iv¯Ívi `zcv‡k wkíKviLvbv _vKvq Zviv cÖvqkB Amz¯’
wewfbœ Kvi‡Y m…ó evqy`‚l‡Yi d‡j gvbe¯^v‡¯’¨i Ici n‡q c‡o| Zv‡`i Amz¯’Zvi g‚j KviY evqy`‚lY Ges
e¨vcK †bwZevPK cÖfve c‡o| G `‚l‡Yi Rb¨ `vqx `‚lK n‡”Q wkíKviLvbv| evqy
KjKviLvbv I A‡Uv‡gvevBj KviLvbv n‡Z wbM©Z wewfbœ Kvi‡Y `‚wlZ n‡Z cv‡i| Zb¥‡a¨ wkíKviLvbv
Kve©b g‡bv·vBW i‡³i wn‡gv‡Møvwe‡bi mv‡_ wg‡k n‡Z Drcvw`Z welv³ M¨vm †hgb- Kve©b g‡bv·vBW,
i‡³ Aw·‡R‡bi gvÎv Kwg‡q †d‡j Ges ¯^v‡¯’¨i I bvBwUªK A·vBW, bvBwUªK GwmW, mvjdvBW cÖf…wZ
AebwZ NUvq| KjKviLvbv n‡Z wbM©Z bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi Øviv evqy `‚wlZ nq| d‡j wbg©j evqyi mv‡_ hLb Gme
A·vBW †PvL I bv‡Ki cÖ`vn m…wó K‡i| GQvov ¶wZKi M¨vm wgwkÖZ nq ZLb evqy welv³ nq| G
¯^vmcÖk¦v‡mi Kómn dzmdz‡mi K¨vÝvi I †eÖvw¼qvj welv³ evqy gvbzl I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYx MÖnY Kivi d‡j
A¨vRgv m…wó K‡i| hvbevn‡bi †auvqv †_‡K †h evqy`‚lYRwbZ wewfbœ †iv‡M Zviv AvµvšÍ nq| Zb¥‡a¨-
cviAw·GwmUvBj bvB‡UªU wbM©Z nq Zv Bbd¬z‡qÄv, k¦vmKó, dzmdz‡m cÖ`vn, P¶z †ivM cÖf…wZ
mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Y e¨vNvZ m…wó K‡i| †c‡Uªvj, wW‡Rj, n‡q _v‡K ev cieZ©x‡Z gvivZ¥K AvKvi aviY K‡i|
M¨v‡mvwjb, †K‡ivwmb cÖf…wZi Am¤ú‚Y© `n‡bi d‡j myZivs ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki mvwg I †mgwšÍ †h `‚lY
wbM©Z nvB‡WªvKve©b hK…‡Zi K¨vÝvi m…wó K‡i| B‡Ui Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q Zv g‚jZ evqy`‚lYRwbZ
fvUvi wPgwb w`‡q wbM©Z Kv‡jv †avuqv I QvBi mv‡_ KjKviLvbv I †mLvb †_‡K Drcvw`Z wewfbœ welv³
Kve©b-WvBA·vBW, Kve©b g‡bv·vBW bvgK M¨vm|
¶wZKviK c`v_© _v‡K| G‡Z evqy `‚wlZ n‡q cvk¦©eZ©x N. DÏxc‡Ki mvwg I †mgwšÍi mz¯’Zvi Rb¨ evqy`‚lY †iv‡a
A‡ji Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi gvivZ¥K ¶wZ K‡i| Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Rx‡ei Aw¯ÍZ¡ wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖvK…wZK nvB‡Wªv‡Rb, wnwjqvg M¨vm hv evqygЇji G‡·vwùqvi
Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ evqy Ab¨Zg| wKš‘ wewfbœ Kvi‡Y G ¯Íi‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
evqy `‚l‡Yi d‡j welv³ `‚lK c`v_© gvby‡li †`‡n Uz‡cvwùqvi n‡jv evqygЇji cÖ_g ¯Íi| GwU f‚c…ô
cÖ‡ek K‡i †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv Kwg‡q †`q| d‡j †_‡K 18 [Link]. DaŸ© ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| G ¯Í‡i cÖvwYKzj I
gvbzl Amz¯’ n‡q c‡o| ZvB gvbzl‡K mz¯’fv‡e †e‡P Dw™¢`Kz‡ji †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb¸‡jv
_vK‡Z n‡j evqy`‚lY cÖwZ‡iva Kiv Riæwi| we`¨gvb| Zb¥‡a¨ bvB‡UÖv‡Rb I Aw·‡Rb M¨vm G ¯Í‡i
DÏxc‡K mvwg I †mgwšÍ cÖwZw`b ¯‹z‡j hvIqvi c‡_ †ewk cwigv‡Y _v‡K| G ¯Í‡i evqycÖev‡ni †eM Lze
hvbevnb I wkíKviLvbvi †auvqv †_‡K wbM©Z `‚lK †ewk| Zvc I Pv‡ci cv_©‡K¨i Kvi‡Y evqycÖevn m…wó
c`v_© kix‡i cÖ‡e‡ki gva¨‡g Amz¯’ n‡q c‡o| GRb¨ nq| †h Kvi‡Y RxeKz‡ji Rb¨ GwU GKwU ¸iæZ¡c‚Y©
evqy`‚lY †iv‡a †hme c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv DwPZ †m¸‡jv evqy¯Íi|
n‡jvÑ G‡·vwùqvi n‡jv evqygЇji cÂg ¯Íi| G ¯ÍiwU
hvbevn‡b CNG M¨v‡mi e¨envi e…w× Kiv| f‚c…‡ôi 640 [Link]. EaŸ© †_‡K eû`‚i ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| G
wkíKviLvbvi wPgwb DuPz Kiv I welv³ M¨vm wbM©gb ¯Í‡i evqy GZ †ewk nvjKv †h, Zvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ cÖvq †evSv
wbqš¿Y Kiv; hvbevn‡b mxmvgy³ R¡vjvwb e¨envi Kiv hvq bv| G ¯Íi cÖavbZ nvB‡Wªv‡Rb, wnwjqvg Øviv
A_©vr RbemwZ GjvKvq wkíKviLvbv ¯’vcb eÜ Kiv MwVZ|
Ges iv¯Ívi Av‡kcv‡k e¨vcK e…¶‡ivcY Kiv| N. DÏxc‡K nvB‡WÖv‡Rb, wnwjqvg, Aw·‡Rb,
DcwiD³ c`‡¶c¸‡jv MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g evqy`‚lY bvB‡UÖv‡Rb †`Iqv Av‡Q hv evqzgЇji M¨vmxq
wbqš¿Y Kiv A‡bKvs‡kB m¤¢e n‡e| G‡Z gvbzl Dcv`vb| D³ Dcv`vb¸j‡v evqzgЇji Rb¨ LzeB
evqy`‚lYRwbZ †ivM †_‡K gzw³ cv‡e| Gfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c‚Y©|
DÏxc‡Ki mvwg I †mgwšÍ mz¯’ _vK‡Z cvi‡e| evqzgЇj wewfbœ Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q Zb¥‡a¨ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I
Aw·‡Rb cz‡iv evqygЇji 99 fvM Ask Rz‡o i‡q‡Q|
4. wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| Gme M¨vmxq Dcv`vb RxeKz‡ji Rb¨ LzeB cÖ‡qvRb|
Rx‡ei †cÖvwUbRvZxq Lv`¨ cÖ¯Íz‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i
K nvB‡Wªv‡Rb
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨vm| ïaz ZvB bq G M¨vm evqyi AvqZb
L wnwjqvg
e…w× I Aw·‡Rb‡K cvZjv Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
M Aw·‡Rb
Avevi, evqygЇji Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c‚Y© Dcv`vb n‡jv
N bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
Aw·‡Rb| GwU GKwU w¯’i M¨vm| G Aw·‡Rb cÖvYxi
K. evqygÐj Kx? k¦vm MÖnY I cÖvwY‡`‡n kw³ I DËvc e…wׇZ we‡kl
L. Rx‡ei †cÖvwUbRvZxq Lv`¨ cÖ¯Íz‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i †h f‚wgKv iv‡L| †m Kvi‡Y RxeRM‡Zi Rb¨ Aw·‡Rb
M¨vm Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ|
M. DÏxcKwU evqygЇji †Kvb †kÖwYwefv‡Mi Bw½Z evqygЇji Dc‡ii w`‡K G‡·vwùqvi bv‡g GKwU ¯Íi
Ki‡Q eY©bv Ki| i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b nvB‡Wªv‡Rb I wnwjqvg bvgK `zwU
N. evqygЇji Av‡jv‡K DÏxcKwU we‡kølY Ki| M¨vmxq Dcv`vb Aew¯’Z| GwU evqygЇji GKwU ¯Íi
4 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi MV‡b mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K| G M¨vm `zwU Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi
K. f‚c…ô †_‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K †h evqexq AveiY mgMÖ Rb¨ LzeB ¸iæZ¡c‚Y©|
c…w_ex‡K †eób K‡i i‡q‡Q Zv‡K evqygÐj e‡j| myZivs DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq †h,
L. Rx‡ei †cÖvwUbRvZxq Lv`¨ cÖ¯Íz‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i DÏxc‡K †h PviwU M¨vmxq Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q Zv evqygÐj
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨vm| MV‡b mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K| GQvov D³ M¨vm¸‡jv
bvB‡UÖv‡Rb evqygЇji w¯’i M¨vm| evqygЇj RxeRM‡Zi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb|
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi cwigvY me‡P‡q †ewk| GwU
evqygЇji wbw®Œq M¨vm| evqygЇj bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi 5. gvwbK MÖvg †_‡K XvKv kn‡i G‡m Dcjwä Kij MÖv‡gi
cwigvY 78.08%| G M¨vm evqyi AvqZb e…w× I Zzjbvq kn‡ii evZvm †ek Mig| evB‡i †ei n‡j
Av·‡Rb‡K cvZjv Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Mvwoi Kv‡jv †avuqv‡Z †PvL, gzL †hb eÜ n‡q Av‡m|
M. bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I Aw·‡Rb M¨vm hv evqygЇji cÖ_g ¯Íi k¦vm wb‡Z Kó nq| `zB w`b _vKvi ci †m †ek Amz¯’
D‡cvwùqvi‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| DÏxc‡Ki Ab¨w`‡K n‡q coj|
K. evqy Kx?
 L. m‚‡h©i AwZ †e¸wb iwk¥ †kvlYKvix ¯ÍiwU e¨vL¨v cwigv‡Y _vKvq wewfbœ ai‡bi M¨vm wbM©Z nq hv evqyi
Ki| mv‡_ wg‡k evqy‡K `‚wlZ K‡i|
M. DÏxc‡K gvwb‡Ki ågYK…Z ¯’v‡bi evZvm Mig hvbevnb †_‡K †h Mvwoi Kv‡jv †avuqv †ei nq †mLv‡b
nIqvi KviY Kx? eY©bv Ki| ¶wZKi M¨vm _vKvq gvbe¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ Zv ûgwK¯^i~c|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gvwb‡Ki Amy¯’Zvi KviY GQvov G kn‡ii evqy‡Z wmmvi cwigvY †ewk _vKvq
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N. DÏxc‡K Rx‡ei Aw¯ÍZ¡ i¶vi Rb¨ Avek¨Kxq ¯ÍiwU †giyi KvQvKvwQ I wbi¶xq An‡j Uª‡cvwùqv‡ii
n‡jv ÷¨v‡UvgÐj ev I‡RvbgÐj| wb‡P Gi ¸iæZ¡ MfxiZv h_vµ‡g 9 I 17 [Link]. Ges Mo MfxiZv 12
we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv: [Link].|
I‡Rvb¯Íi m‚h©iwk¥i AwZ‡e¸wb iwk¥ †kvlY K‡i AvenvIqvi cÖvq me ai‡bi Dcv`vb †hgb: So, e…wó,
_v‡K| G ¯ÍiwU _vK‡j m‚‡h©i AwZ‡e¸wb iwk¥i `n‡b eRªcvZ, †gN, ZzlvicvZ, wkwki, evqycÖevn, evqyPvc
c…w_exi gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYx emev‡mi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx cÖf…wZ G ¯Í‡i we`¨gvb| Kv‡RB RxegЇji Rb¨ G
n‡Zv bv| hw` G AwZ‡e¸wb iwk¥ AwZgvÎvq f‚c…‡ô ¯Íi LzeB ¸iæZ¡c‚Y©| G gЇji DòZv wbi¶‡iLv †_‡K
AbzcÖ‡ek K‡i Zvn‡j mKj RxemËvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ aŸsm †giyi w`‡K µgk nÖvm †c‡Z _v‡K|
K‡i †`‡e Ges Rxe Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Rb¨ gvivZ¥K ûgwK n‡q Uª‡cvgЇji Dc‡ii ¯Íi n‡jv Uª‡cvmxgv †hLv‡b evqy
`vov‡e| ïaz ZvB bq, K¨vÝvi RvZxq †iv‡Mi cÖv`zf©ve cÖvq w¯’i _v‡K| DòZvi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv e‡j
cÖKU AvKv‡i †`Lv hv‡e| d‡j gvbeKz‡ji AwaK
G‡K m‡gvò AÂjI (Isothermal zone) ejv n‡q
cÖvYnvwb NU‡e| ZvB cÖvwYKzj‡K wUwK‡q ivL‡Z G
_v‡K| G A‡j So-e…wói cÖ‡Kvc _v‡K bv e‡j
¯ÍiwU LzeB ¸iæZ¡c‚Y©| G ¯Í‡i a‚wjevwj, Rjxqev®ú
wegvb †Kv‡bv i~c evav QvovB PjvPj K‡i|
cÖf…wZ c`v_© AwZmvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y _v‡K| cwi‡k‡l
N. L I N ¯Íi n‡”Q h_vµ‡g ÷ªv‡Uvwùqvi Ges
ejv hvq, Rx‡ei Aw¯ÍZ¡ i¶vi Rb¨ I‡Rvb¯Íi
Avq‡bvwùqvi| Uª‡cvcR †_‡K E‡aŸ© ÷ªv‡Uvwùqv‡ii
¸iæZ¡c‚Y©|
we¯Ívi cÖvq 30 [Link].|
Uª‡cvcR †_‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K evqygЇji ZvcgvÎv
10. wb‡P wPÎwU ch©‡e¶Y Ki Ges Gi Av‡jv‡K cÖkœ¸‡jvi
cÖ_gZ w¯’i _v‡K; wKš‘ c‡i µgk evo‡Z _v‡K (20
DËi `vI|
[Link]. ci †_‡K)| G I ¯Í‡i a‚wjKYv I Rjxqev‡®úi
cwigvY LzeB mvgvb¨ Ges ¯ÍiwU cÖvq †gNk‚b¨ _v‡K|
G ¯Í‡i evZvm AZ¨šÍ nvjKv _v‡K| G ¯Í‡i evZv‡mi
EaŸ© ev wb¤œMwZ †bB, wKš‘ mgvšÍivj MwZ j¶ Kiv
hvq| G ¯Í‡ii EaŸ©mxgv‡K e‡j ÷ªv‡UvcR
(Stratopause) ev ÷ªv‡UvweiwZ| Gi Ici †_‡K
D”PZv evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ `ªæZnv‡i ZvcgvÎv †e‡o
hvq|
c¶všÍ‡i, Av‡qv‡bvwùqvi ev _v‡g©vwùqvi ¯Í‡ii e¨vwß
60 †_‡K 80 [Link]. ch©šÍ| †g‡mvcR-Gi ci †_‡KB
K. BMR÷ M¨vm Kx?
Avqb ¯Í‡ii mxgvbv Avi¤¢ nq| evqyi ZvcgvÎv `ªæZ
L. evZv‡m CO2, Gi cwigvY †e‡o hv‡”Q †Kb?
†e‡o hvIqvq G‡K e‡j _v‡g©vwùqvi| G e…w× 1000°
M. wP‡Îi me©wb¤œ ¯Í‡ii eY©bv `vI|
†m, ch©šÍ †cŠ‡Q| G ¯Í‡ii cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv AvYweK
N. L I N ¯Í‡ii Zzjbvg‚jK Av‡jvPbv Ki|
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I cvigvYweK Aw·‡Rb| G `zwU Dcv`vb
10 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
†mŠikw³i AwZ kw³kvjx Mvgv I G·-‡i (X-ray)
ivb¥‡K Abvqv‡m †kvlY K‡i _v‡K| G ¯Íi †_‡K
†eZvi Zi½ (ÿy`ª I `vN) cÖwZdwjZ nq| †h Kvi‡Y
†eZvi †hvMv‡hvM m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|