Q.1 Answer any 2 from the following.

[A] Types of E-Commerce

1) B2B
2) B2C
3) C2B
4) C2C
5) B2G
6) G2B
7) G2C
8) C2G

B2B:
• E-Commerce is defined as E-Commerce between companies. This
type of E-Commerce deals with relationships between and among
businesses. For example, Dell company places an order with Intel
company.
B2C:
• E-Commerce between companies and consumer involves
customers gathering information, purchasing goods, receiving
products over an Internet. Examples – Amazon, Flipkart, etc.

C2B:
• Transactions involve reverse auctions, which empower the
consumer to drive transactions.
• Example; An IT professional accepts project from companies via
Internet.

C2C:
• E-Commerce is between consumers. It is an E-Commerce where
one consumer sells goods or services to another consumer.
Examples - OLX, Quikr, etc.

B2G:
• E-Commerce is defined as commerce between companies and the
public sector.
• It refers to the use of Internet for public procurement, licensing
procedures and other government related operations.
 • It is a sales model where companies sell products, services and
information to government. Examples – Senseware, Mark43.

G2B:
• The government offers varied business solutions and services that
can be of benefit for business organizations.
• This IT initiative taken by government encourages business
organizations to practice paper less transactions for smoother and
faster business experience.
• For example, if you visit [Link], you will be able
to read all the important information about the current tenders,
you can download tender forms and can get in touch with
departments of Maharashtra government.

G2C:
• The consumers needed a way by which they could communicate
with the government in a faster way.
• Governments use G2C model websites to approach citizen.
• The main objective of G2C websites is to reduce the average time
for fulfilling citizen’s requests for various government services.
• G2C website provides services like registration for birth, marriage
or death certificates.
• For example, The Indian Railways website www. [Link]
gives the details of the train timings, booking status, online ticket
booking options, etc. for all the trains across India.

C2G:
• This business model encompasses electronic transactions online
between the individuals and the public administration. Example –
paying government utility bills, paying direct taxes online, etc.

[B] Write a note on Components of I-Way

1) Consumer Access Equipment
• They are the devices used by consumers to access the multimedia
contents of E-commerce. Hardware and software vendors provide
computers, switches, hubs, routers, etc.
 2) Local on-ramps
• This segment of I-way linkages between businesses, universities
and homes to the communication backbone.
• There are four different providers of access ramps – telecom based,
cable TV based, wireless based and computer based. These
providers link users and E-commerce application providers.

3) Global Information Distribution Networks

• These are the infrastructure that is connecting countries and
continents.

Types of Network Equipment

• Following are the network access equipments.
1) Hub
2) Gateway
3) Router
4) Wireless Access Point (WAP)
Hub:
• This tiny, rectangular device sends all the signals it receives to the
devices connected to the same network.

Gateway:
• A gateway is a hardware device that goes about as a “gate”
between two networks.
• A gateway is basically a device that is used for the communication
among the networks which have a different set of protocols and is
responsible for the conversion of one protocol into the other.
• Gateways serve as an entry and exit point for a network as all data
must pass through or communicate with the gateway prior to being
routed.

Router:
• A router is basically a device or a hardware which is responsible for
receiving, analyzing and forwarding the data to other networks.
• It is primarily used in Wide Area Network (WAN) and Local Area
Network (LAN) domains.

WAP:
 • A wireless access point (WAP) is a networking hardware device that
allows other Wi-Fi devices to connect to a wired network.
• WAP converts an existing wired network (LAN) into a wireless one
(WLAN). A router can be a access point but a access point can’t be a
router.
• A Wireless Access Point (WAP) is used to create the WLAN (Wireless
Local Area Network), it is commonly used in large offices and
buildings which have expanded businesses.
• It is used to extend the coverage area of the network so that it can’t
disconnect which allows more users to connect to the network
easily.
• WAPs provide wireless Internet in public places, like coffee shops,
airports and train stations.

[C] Explain the following terms

1) Hypertext
• Hypertext is a word or words that contain a link to a website.
2) Hypermedia
• Hypermedia is the extension of Hypertext which includes multiple
forms of media such as text, graphics, audio or video etc. rather
than only text based like hypertext.

3) URL
• A URL is a type of uniform resource identifier and is address of a
resource on the World Wide Web and the protocol used to access
it.

4) HTTP
• HTTP is a protocol for transferring information between the client
and server.
• It is a protocol used to access the data on the World Wide Web
(www).
5) HTML
• HTML is an acronym which stands for Hyper Text Markup
Language which is used for creating web pages and web
applications.
6) CGI
 • The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) standard is a data-passing
specification used when a Web server must send or receive data
from an application such as a database.
• Common Gateway Interface (CGI) allows Web servers to run scripts
or programs on the server and send the output to the client Web
browser.

7) WAN
• A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a
large geographical area comprising a region, a country, a continent
or even the whole world.
8) Computer Network
• A computer network is a group of 2 or more computers are
connected together.
Q.2 Answer any 2 from the following.
[A] E-Banking
• E-Banking is a way by which a customer may perform banking
transactions electronically without visiting a physical bank.
• Following are the types of E-Banking.
1) Online Banking
2) Telephone Banking
3) SMS Banking
4) Interactive TV Banking

Online Banking
• Online banking also called as Internet banking allows customers to
perform all the banking services from a computer which has internet
access.
• The customer can perform financial transactions on a secure
website operated by the bank.
• Online banking offers features such as bank statements, loan
applications, fund transfer, e-bill payments, etc.

Telephone Banking
• Telephone banking is a service provided by the banks which
provides customers to perform transactions over phone.
 • All the telephonic banking systems use automated answering
system.
• To prove their identity customers must answer the questions asked
by the call center representative.
• In telephone banking, customer cannot withdraws and deposits
cash.
SMS Banking
• SMS banking is a service permitting banks to do selected banking
services from the users mobile by the SMS messaging.
• SMS banking services have push and pull messages.
• Push messages are sent by the banks for alerting customer about
new offers, marketing messages, alerts to event happening in
customer account such as withdrawal, salary credit or insufficient
funds in account, etc. Another type of push message is One Time
Password (OTP).
• Pull messages are those that are sent by the customer to bank for
having some information. Examples include account balance
enquiry, mini statement request, foreign currency exchange rate
enquiry, etc.
Interactive TV Banking
• Interactive television (also known as ITV or iTV) is a form of media
convergence, adding data services to traditional television
technology.
• Interactive TV is a service that allows users to interact with TV
content as they view it.
• If the customer subscribes to a cable television service, some
banking facilities like balance enquiry, funds transfer between
accounts, bill payments are made available through TV.
• Most of the major banks in UK have experimented banking services
through cable and satellite TV companies.
[B] Types of Electronic Payment System
• Following are the types of Electronic payment system.
1) RTGS
2) NEFT
3) NECS Credit
4) NECS Debit
 5) IMPS
6) UPI
RTGS
• RTGS stands for real time gross settlement system.
• It is a payment system that allows the instant transfer of funds,
meaning that through this method, the money is transferred
from one bank account to the other in real-time, without any
delay.
• The RTGS system is primarily meant for large value transactions.
• The minimum amount to be remitted through RTGS is 2 lakh
rupees with no upper limit.
• RTGS transfer system is available on all days of the year.
• Settlement in “real time” means the transaction is not subjected
to any waiting period. The transactions are settled as soon as they
are processed. “Gross settlement” means the transaction is
settled on one to one basis without bunching with any other
transaction.
• There are two modes by which customers can avail RTGS service.
Online, through mobile and internet banking and Offline by
depositing cash at RTGS enabled branches.
• To process transactions through RTGS, the following details must
be provided.
- Amount to be transferred
- Bank Account number
- Beneficiary’s name
- Bank’s branch
- Beneficiary’s IFSC
- Beneficiary’s bank branch
NEFT
• NEFT stands for National Electronic Fund Transfer.
• Net-settlement means that the transactions are completed in
batches at specific times.
• It is a mode of money transfer that enables one-to-one payments
within India.
• There is no maximum and minimum limit in NEFT for the transfer
of funds in India.
• Beneficiary account is credited on the same day.
 NECS Credit
• It is known as "Credit-push" facility or one-to-many facility this
method is used mainly for large-value or bulk payments where
the receiver's account is credited with the payment from the
institution making the payment.
• Such payments are made on a timely-basis and used to pay
salaries, dividends or commissions.
NECS Debit
• Known as many-to-one or "debit-pull" facility, facilitates
consumer to make repetitive payments such as electricity bill, gas
bill, phone bill, etc by instructing bank to debit your account.

IMPS
• Immediate Payment Service
• Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) is an instant interbank
electronic fund transfer service through mobile phones.
• Using IMPS, you can send money in real-time, and it will be
credited to the beneficiary’s account within seconds.
• While there is no cap on the minimum transfer amount, the
maximum amount you can transfer per day via the Immediate
Payment Service is INR 200,000.
UPI
• Unified Payment Interface
• The unified payments interface or the UPI is an interface via
which you can transfer money between bank accounts across a
single window.
• A Unified Payment Interface (UPI) is a smartphone application
that allows users to transfer money between bank accounts

[C] Designing an EPS

• Designing an electronic payment system should have the
requirements assessed:
1) Technological requirements
2) Economic requirements
3) Social requirements
4) Legal requirements
 Technological Requirements
• When designing an electronic payment system, the system’s
ability of the effectiveness and the security of each transaction
and the degree of compatibility with the online shop must be
taken into consideration.
• A payment system requires the greatest level of security in
electronic commerce transactions.
• It must have confidentiality, authenticity, integrity and non-
repudiation of transactions.

Economic Requirements
• These deal with the cost of transaction which refers to the
amount paid by the client.
• Economic assessments include also atomic exchange which
means that the consumer will pay money or something
equivalent in value.
• An electronic payment system must also be accessible in all
countries of the world, to all ages (user range) or currency in
equal value and must not be restricted to the company that
created the value.
• Economic needs also deal with financial risks, because consumers
and merchants are very concerned about the degree of security
involved in online transactions.

Social Requirements
• Payment system must prevent companies or financial institutions
from tracing user information and must be simple and user-
friendly.
• As social needs, electronic payment methods should also be
accessible anywhere.

Legal Requirements
• Electronic payment system must abide by governmental
regulations and the law and guaranty all necessary proofs (digital
signature, contracts,…) to protect users performing
domestic/international transactions.
Q.3 [A] Logical functions in Excel.
1) IF
• IF function tests if a specified condition is true or false.
• Syntax: =IF (logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
• logical_test; condition to be specified.
• value_if_true; a value to be displayed if “logical_test” is true.
• value_if_false; a value to be displayed if “logical_test” is false.
• Example

2) AND
• This function is used to combine two or more conditions.
• Function returns true if all the conditions are true. If any one
condition is false, function returns false.
• Example
A
1 1000
2 4000
3 5000
4 3000
= AND (A1 > 500, A2 >=4000) returns TRUE.
= AND (A1 > 5000, A2 > 5000) returns FALSE.
= AND (A1>500, A2>5000) returns FALSE.
= AND (A3=5000, A1>500, A2>5000) returns FALSE

3) OR
• This function is used to combine two or more conditions.
• Function returns true if any one condition is true. If all the
conditions are false, function returns false.
• Example
A
1 1000
2 4000
3 5000
4 3000
= OR (A1>5000, A2>=4000) returns TRUE.
= OR (A1>5000, A2>5000) returns FALSE.
= OR (A1>500, A3>=5000) returns TRUE
 4) NOT
• This function is used for negation of a specified condition.
• If a condition is true, function returns false and if a condition is
false, function returns true.
• Example
A
1 1000
2 4000
3 5000
4 3000
= NOT (A1>5000) returns TRUE.
= NOT (A1>500) returns FALSE.
[B] Write a note on Smart Art
• SmartArt is a graphical representation of data.
• You can create a SmartArt graphic to quickly and easily make a
visual representation of your information.
• SmartArt is a way to turn ordinary text into something more
visually appealing.
• It helps draw attention to important information or make
information easier to interpret and understand.
• Following are the steps to insert SmartArt to your document.
• Step : 1 ; On the navigation menu select the insert option.
• Step : 2 ; Now click on the SmartArt option.
• Step :3 ; A SmartArt dialog box will open where you can choose
different types of SmartArt graphics.
• Step : 4 ; Select the SmartArt of your choice from the left side
menu bar.
• Step : 5 ; Now choose the structure of your SmartArt according to
your requirement.
• Step : 6 ; Next click on the OK option.
• Step : 7 ; A rough SmartArt structure is added to your current
page. You have to modify or edit it with the help of text,
designs, color, size, etc.
• Step : 8 ; Under the design section, select the change color option
to change the color format of your SmartArt.
• Step : 9 ; Now click on the drop-down arrow to give the style to
SmartArt.
 • Step : 10 ; A menu will open where you can select the style.
• Step : 11 ; Now set the size of the SmartArt by simply just drag
the button.
• Step : 12 ; Select the left arrow to enter the text.
• Step : 13 ; A type your text here dialog box will open.
• Step : 14 ; Enter the text in the textbox.
• Step : 15 ; Now close the text box.
• Step : 16 ; On the navigation menu select the format option to
change the background color of the SmartArt blocks.
• Step : 17 ; Click on the drop-down arrow and select
the color from the color panel.
• To make it more beautiful you can change the font style of the
text, color, and many more.
• Finally, SmartArt is added to the document.
• Following are the types of SmartArt.
1) List ; If you can present your information using a list (like a
bulleted list, let's say), then you'll want to choose this group.
2) Process ; This category has layouts that are great for
presenting information that describes a process toward a
completion.
3) Cycle ; If a process is cyclical (one that always comes around
to the beginning after ending), then the layouts in this group
are helpful.
4) Hierarchy ; The classic example of a hierarchy layout is an
organization chart. There are a number of things that can fit in
this layout category.
5) Relationship ; If whatever you want to present is composed of
related items, chances are that you can find a layout in this
group.
6) Matrix ; Have information that can be defined along multiple
axes, such as time and money? Then you can probably put it
in a matrix type.
7) Pyramid ; If your information can be presented in a
proportional manner, then pyramid layouts may be just what
you need.
[C] Distinguish between PMT and IPMT.
PMT IPMT
Payment Interest Payment
This function (Payment) calculates This function returns the interest
the EMI for a loan amount, based on payment for an investment based on
constant interest rate. an interest rate and a constant
payment schedule.

= PMT (rate, nper, pv [,fv][,type]) = IPMT (rate, per, nper, pv [,fv]

[,type])
rate ; Required. The interest rate, per rate ; Required. Interest rate for the
period. investment
per ; Required. Period to calculate the
interest rate. It must be between 1
and nper.
pv ; Required. Present value of loan pv ; Required. Present value of
amount. payment.
fv ; Optional. It specifies the future fv ; Optional. Future value of an
value of loan. If omitted, it takes on investment.
the default value of 0.

Q.4 [A] Areas involving Cyber Laws

Frauds
• Consumers rely on cyber laws to protect them from online fraud.
• Laws exist to prevent identity theft, credit card theft and other
financial crimes that happen online.
• A person who commits identity theft may face federal or state
criminal charges. They might also face a civil action brought by a
victim.
Copyright
• The internet has made copyright violations easier.
• In the early days of online communication, copyright violations
were too easy.
• Both companies and individuals need lawyers to bring an action to
impose copyright protections. Copyright violation is an area of cyber
 law that protects the rights of individuals and companies to profit
from their creative works.

Defamation
• Several personnel use the internet to speak their mind.
• When people use the internet to say things that are not true, it can
cross the line into defamation.
• Defamation laws are civil laws that save individuals from fake public
statements that can harm a business or someone’s reputation.
• When people use the internet to make statements that violate civil
laws, that is called Defamation law.

Harassment and Stalking

• Sometimes online statements can violate criminal laws that forbid
harassment and stalking.
• When a person makes threatening statements again and again
about someone else online, there is a violation of both civil and
criminal laws.
• Cyber lawyers both prosecute and defend people when stalking
occurs using the internet and other forms of electronic
communication.
Freedom of Speech
• Freedom of speech is an important area of cyber law. Even though
cyber laws forbid certain behaviors online, freedom of speech laws
also allows people to speak their minds.

Trade Secrets
• Companies doing business online often depend on cyber laws to
protect their trade secrets.
• For example, Google and other online search engines spend lots of
time developing the algorithms that produce search results.
• They also spend a great deal of time developing other features like
maps, intelligent assistance, and flight search services to name a
few.
• Cyber laws help these companies to take legal action as necessary
to protect their trade secrets.
[B] Key Loggers
• Short for “keystroke logging,” a keylogger is a type of malicious
software that records every keystroke you make on your
computer.
• Keyloggers are a type of spyware — malware designed to spy on
victims. Because they can capture everything you type,
keyloggers are one of the most invasive forms of malware.
• There are two main types of keyloggers: software and hardware.
Keylogger software is more common than keylogger hardware,
because the latter requires actual physical access to a device.

Keylogger Software
• Keylogger software is more common than keylogger hardware,
because you don’t need physical access to a targeted device.
• Keylogger software works like other malicious software: it
infiltrates your device through malicious links or attachments, or
even exploits or Trojans.
• A keylogger runs silently in the background of your computer
until you discover and remove it.
• Keylogger software is usually malicious, but some companies and
parents use it to keep tabs on employees and kids.

What can Keylogger Software do?

- Record all your keystrokes, including your passwords and
credit card numbers.
- Record both sides of conversations in messaging apps and
emails.
- Record your browsing and search history.
- Take screenshots when certain keywords are typed.
- Record how long you use specific apps.
- Print or email logs back to the hacker.

Keylogger Hardware
• Hardware-based keyloggers take the form of a physical device,
like a USB stick or another item that may look similar to a charger.
• They record keystrokes and other data, to be retrieved later by a
hacker. Hardware keyloggers are difficult to detect with antivirus
software.
 • For a hacker to install a hardware-based keylogger, they must
have physical access to your device.

How do Keyloggers work?

• Keyloggers work by sneaking onto your computer, often hidden
inside a Trojan or other malware.
• A keylogger records your keystrokes in small files to be viewed by
the attacker. The files may be periodically emailed to the hacker,
uploaded to a website or database, or wirelessly transmitted .
• With hardware-based keyloggers, files may be stored on the
computer until the hacker retrieves the keylogging device.

[C] How to provide Password security?

• Make sure you use different passwords for each of your accounts.
• Be sure no one watches when you enter your password.
• Always log off if you leave your device and anyone is around—it
only takes a moment for someone to steal or change the
password.
• Use comprehensive security software and keep it up to date to
avoid keyloggers (keystroke loggers) and other malware.
• Avoid entering passwords on computers you don’t control (like
computers at an Internet café or library)—they may have
malware that steals your passwords.
• Avoid entering passwords when using unsecured Wi-Fi
connections (like at the airport or coffee shop)—hackers can
intercept your passwords and data over this unsecured
connection.
• Depending on the sensitivity of the information being protected,
you should change your passwords periodically, and avoid
reusing a password for at least one year.
• Don’t tell your password to anyone.
• Do use at least eight characters of lowercase and uppercase
letters, numbers, and symbols in your password.
• Check your password strength. If the site you are signing up for
offers a password strength analyzer, pay attention to it and heed
its advice.

Q.5 [A] Identify the correct type of E-Banking.

 i) SMS Banking
ii) Telephone Banking
iii) Online Banking
iv) Interactive TV Banking
v) SMS Banking (Pull Message)

[B] Write a short note on following.

i) How to provide security on Web?
• Web security refers to protecting networks and computer
systems from damage to or the theft of software, hardware, or
data.
• It refers to the protective measures and protocols that
organizations adopt to protect the organization from cyber
criminals and threats.
• Web security is critical to business continuity and to protecting
data, users and companies from risk.
• Web security can be provided with following components.
- Firewall ; It is an interface between internal network and
Internet.
- Antivirus ; deletes virus, trojan horse, spyware and other
malicious programs.
- SSL Introspection ; It is a way to convert confidential details
into encrypted form.

ii) Core Banking

• Core banking is a banking service provided by a group of
networked bank branches where customers may access their
bank account and perform basic transactions from any of the
member branch offices.
• The term CORE stands for Centralized Online Real-time
Environment, which implies that the customer can experience
the bank as a single entity, regardless of their location – with the
aim to provide more independence for the customers in terms of
using their accounts and conducting transactions from any
location in the world.
• The key core banking services include new accounts creation and
customer relationship management, interest calculations,
deposits and withdrawals processing, loans issuing and servicing
etc.

iii) HLOOKUP
• HLOOKUP stands for horizontal lookup.
• It is used to find a specific value when data are horizontally
arranged.
• This function searches a value in the leftmost (left) row of the
given range and then returns a value in the same column from a
row you specify in the function.
• Syntax: = HLOOKUP (lookup_value, table_array,
• row_index_num, [,range_lookup])
• lookup_value; Required. It is a value to be searched.
• table_array; Required. This is the table of data that vlookup uses
to search for a value specified in “lookup_value” argument.
• row_index_num; Required. It is an index number of a row in
“table_array” that contains output to be returned.
• range_lookup; An optional argument. a logical value (TRUE or
FALSE only). Default is TRUE. TRUE returns an approximate match
for the lookup_value. i.e. if exact match is not found, the next
largest value that is less than search_value is returned. FALSE
returns exact match for the lookup_value. If exact match is not
found, function returns #N/A (ERROR).
• Example.
VLOOKUP
• Vlookup stands for vertical lookup.
• It is used to find a specific value when data are vertically
arranged.
• This function searches a value in the leftmost (left) column of the
given range and then returns a value in the same row from a
column you specify in the function.
• Syntax: = VLOOKUP (lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num,
• [,range_lookup])
• Example