RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented the methodology used for the study and discussed under the following;

3.1 Study Setting

Epe is a town and Local Government Area (LGA) in Lagos State, Nigeria[1] located on the north

side of the Lekki Lagoon and has road connections to, Ajah-Lekki, Ijebu-Ode and Ikorodu.

There is no paramount ruler in the area as there are two major communities with

individual monarchs. These are the Eko Epe and Ijebu Epe communities within the same town.

The notable festivals that are mostly celebrated in Epe land include Kayo-kayo Festival, Okoshi

day, Ojude-Oba, and Epe day

Epe is a collecting point for the export of fish, cassava (manioc), corn (maize), green vegetables,

coconuts, cocoa, palm produce, rubber, and firewood to Lagos. Fishing is the major occupation.

The town is served by secondary schools, several hospitals, and a health office. During the

2006 Census, the population of Epe was approximately 181,409

Notable higher institutions like Lagos State University(LASU), Yaba College of

Technology, Lagos State University of Education (LASUED) (Formerly known as Michael

Otedola College of Primary Education - MOCPED)., Pan-Atlantic University(PAU), St.

Augustine university, all have campuses in Epe area of Lagos, Nigeria

3.2 Research design

The research design that was adopted for this study is Cross-sectional analytical survey research

design. A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a

manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedures.

1
(Seltz, Wrightsman and Cook, 2009). Here, two or more variables will be examined to test the

research hypothesis and to investigate research questions.

3.3 Population of the study

The population of the study comprised of secondary school students aged 13- 20 which

comprised of Male and female senior secondary school student in Epe Local Government,

Lagos State. All respondent gave their informed consent for inclusion before participating in the

study. The school’s population is diverse, with students from different ethnic groups ( Yoruba,

Igbo, Hausa, Middle belt )

3.3.1 TARGET POPULATION

The Target Population for this study was male adolescents aged ( 13- 20 ) from five secondary

schools Epe LGA Lagos Nigeria.

3.3.2 INCLUSION CRITERIA

JSS 2- SS3 Male adolescents aged 13- 20 years old who consented to participate in this Study.

3.3.3 EXCLUSION CRITERIA

Male and Female students who were mot in Secondary Schools I.e Primary school students

3.4 SAMPLE

2
Witherspoon projected population under study estimated at approximately 100, this study

determined the sample size using Cochran’s formula (pourhoseingholi, Vahedi & Rahimzadeh,

2013).

3.4.1 Sample Size Determination

The sample size formulae used to determine sample size size Cochran’s formula

To determine the sample size using Cochran's formula, follow these steps. Cochran's formula is:

n_0 = \frac{Z^2 \cdot p \cdot (1-p)}{e^2}

Where:

1. : Initial sample size (assuming an infinite population).

2. : Z-score corresponding to the desired confidence level (e.g., 1.96 for 95% confidence).
3. : Estimated proportion of the population with the desired characteristic (if unknown, use 0.5 for
maximum variability).
4. : Margin of error (e.g., 0.05 for 5%).
Since the population is finite (100), use the finite population correction formula to adjust :

n = \frac{n_0}{1 + \frac{n_0 - 1}{N}}

Where:

1. : Final sample size.

2. : Population size (100 in this case).

Step 1: Calculate (Initial Sample Size)

Assume:

1. (for 95% confidence level).

2. (maximum variability).
3. .

n_0 = \frac{(1.96)^2 \cdot 0.5 \cdot (1 - 0.5)}{(0.05)^2}

3
n_0 = \frac{3.8416 \cdot 0.25}{0.0025}

n_0 = 384.16

Step 2: Adjust for Finite Population

Using :

n = \frac{384.16}{1 + \frac{384.16 - 1}{100}}

n = \frac{384.16}{1 + 3.8316}

n = \frac{384.16}{4.8316}

n \approx 79.54

Final Sample Size

The required sample size is approximately 80 respondents.

3.3 Sample size and sample techniques

A random sampling technique was employed to select schools for this study. Initially, five public

secondary schools in Epe LGA were selected and students from these schools were selected

purposively to ensure representation of this area’s geographically and cultural centers.

1. Nazareth Junior College

4
 2. Alaro Community Junior High School

3. Ogunmodede Senior College Papa Epe

4. Odo Obara High School Epe

5. Army High School Lasu Epe

3.4 Research instrument

The instrument for this study was self-structured validated questionnaire.

The study uses a self-structured questionnaire adopted from National Coalition against Domestic

violence (2020) which was divided into following:

Section A: Demography of respondents

Section B: Knowledge on Domestic Violence among adolescents in a selected Public Secondary

School in Epe, Epe Local Government, Lagos State.

Section C: Perceived causes of Domestic Violence among adolescents in a selected Public

Secondary School in Epe, Epe Local Government, Lagos State.

Section D: Perception of Domestic Violence among adolescents in a selected Public Secondary

Schools in Epe, Epe Local Government, Lagos State.

3.5 Reliability of instrument

The questionnaire was pre-tested to enable the researcher make final adjustments and to find out

how reliable and consistent are the question. The instrument was pretested in Epe Grammar

School which is not part of the study population, but has similar characteristics of the study

5
population. The pre-tested questionnaire was coded, entered into a computer and analyzed.

Reliability coefficient was used to test for the statistical reliability of the instrument.

3.6 Validity of instrument

Face content validation was used to validate the research instrument. A copy of the questionnaire

was given to the research supervisor to assess each item in the questionnaire and also make sure

that all the research questions were adequately answered by the questionnaire. The corrections

made was effected before the final version of the research instrument was produced for the study.

3.7 Method of data administration and collection

The questionnaires was distributed by the researcher and the two research assistants to the

respondents. The researcher explained the purpose of the study with the respondents before they

attempt to respond to the items on the questionnaire in order to gain their confidence.

Ethical approval letter were collected from the district office (Education District 3) in-charge of

the secondary Schools at Epe LGA which is located at ---. The approval letter was taken to the

principals of the 5 public secondary schools that were randomly selected.

On the approved date, a letter of introduction and written informed consent from the school

(NOUN) were presented to the participants which they signed the data was collected and the

confidentiality of their responses was assured. The questionnaires which the instrument of the

study that has been validated were proportionately distributed to the respondents across the 5

public secondary Schools with a total if 100 respondents randomly sampled. The data collection

process lasted for a period of 4 weeks based on days appointed by the principal of each of the 5

public secondary schools to collect data. The principal researcher co-ordinated and oversee data

collection process to ensure professionalism. The questionnaires after completion were collected,

numbered and secured in a safe place

6
33.8 Data analysis

The data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science
(SPSS) windows version 25.0. Descriptive Statistic, including mean, standard
deviation, frequency, and percentage, were employed to summarize the data.
Inferential statistics, specifically the chi-square test, was utilized to assess
associations between variables at a significance level of p <0.05.

ETHICAL APPROVAL

For this study, an ethical approval was obtained from Education District 3, Epe,

with the approval number#. Which oversees Secondary Schools in Epe LGA. Additionally,

an introductory letter outlining the study’s purpose was secured from NOU.. Participants were

assured of confidentiality and respect for their autonomy and decision to participate. Written

informed consent was obtained from all willing participants, ensuring their voluntary and

informed involvement in the study

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULT
This chapter covers the analysis of data and presentation of result which include descriptive

analysis of the demographic characteristics of the respondents, test of research hypothesis and

discussion of findings. The hypotheses were tested using the multiple regression analysis while

the demographic characteristics of the respondents analyzed using the simple percentage method.

7
The total number of respondents for the study is one hundred (100). The data collected are

analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

4.1 DATA PRESENTATION

TABLE 1: DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE

RESPONDENT
AGE RANGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

12-14 years 23 23.0

15-17 years 33 33.0

18-20 years 27 27.0

20 years and above 17 17.00

TOTAL 100 100.0

ETHNICITY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

YORUBA 53 53.0

HAUSA/FULANI 37 37.0

IGBO 10 10.0

TOTAL 100 100.0

8
RELIGION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

CHRISTAIN 31 31.0

ISLAM 69 69.0

TOTAL 100 100.0

CLASS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

JSS 53 53.0

SSS 47 47.0

TOTAL 100 100.0

Source: Field survey, 2023

Table 1 above shows the demographic characteristics of the respondents. It was revealed that 23

respondents indicating 23.0% of the sample size fell within 12-14 years, 33 respondents

indicating 33.0% of the sample size fell within 15-17 years while 27 respondents indicating

27.0% of the sample size fell within 18-20 years and 27.0% of the respondents’ sample size fell

within above 20 years. Also 53% of the respondents indicating were Yoruba ethnic group while

37 respondents representing 37.0% of the sample size were Hausa/Fulani ethnic group and 10%

of the respondents were Igbo ethnic group, also, 31 respondents indicating 31.0% of the size

were Christians while 69 respondents indicating 69.0% of the sample size were Islam. It was

revealed that 53 respondents indicating 53.0% of the sample size were Junior Secondary School

students while 47% of the respondents were senior secondary school students.

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 Table 2: Knowledge of Students on Domestic violence
S/N Item Yes No

1. Domestic violence can be physical or sexual 66(66.0) 34(34.0)

2. Unnecessary beating or canning is domestic violence against boys 86(86.0) 14(14.0)

3. Slapping indiscriminately is not violence among adolescents 63(63.0) 27(27.0)

4. Using dangerous weapon or materials to attack, beat or inflict injury on 76(76.0) 24(24.0)

adolescent because of minor offence is domestic violence

5. Bullying by senior students in school is also domestic violence 34(34.0) 66(66.0)

6. Sexual allurement against my will is a domestic violence 94(94.0) 6(6.0)

7. Domestic violence is when another person touches my private part 100(100.0) 0(0.0)

8. Shouting on me in the public is what I regard as domestic violence, I do not 100(100.0) 0(0.0)

like it

9. I hate public rejection and public castigation 100(100.0) 0(0.0)

10. It is domestic violence when I am forced or coerced to do what I do not 24(24.0) 76(76.0)

want to do

Table above shows the knowledge of the respondents on domestic violence whereas 66(66.0%)

of the respondents opined that domestic violence can be physical or sexual while 34% do not,

also 86% accepts that unnecessary beating or canning is domestic violence against boys where

63% were of the opinion that slapping indiscriminately is not violence against boys and

10
27(27.0%) accept it is. Further revealed that 76% of the respondents accepts that using dangerous

weapon or materials to attack, beat or inflict injury on boys because of minor offence is domestic

violence and 34% accepts that bullying by senior students in school is also domestic violence

also 94% opined that sexual allurement against my will is a domestic violence, 100% accepts

domestic violence is when another person touches my private part , shouting on me in the public

is what I regard as domestic violence, I do not like it and they hate public rejection and public

castigation respectively. It was also shows that 24% accepts that it is domestic violence when I

am forced or coerced to do what I do not want to do while 76(76.0%) do not accept that.

HO1: Age of respondent will not significantly predict Domestic Violence among adolescents in

a selected Public Secondary School in Epe, Epe Local Government, Lagos State.

Table 3: beta coefficient and T-ratio for influence of age of respondent on

domestic violence
Model Unstandardized coefficients Standardized t Sig.

coefficients

B Std. Error Beta

(Constant 1) 1.567 0.383 9.733 .091

domestic

violence .252 . 588 . 164 -.429 .05

a. Dependent Variable: age of respondent

The first important thing to note in table 3 is that the sign of the coefficient of the domestic

violence is positive. This implies that age of respondent will not significantly predict domestic

11
violence among adolescents. It also shows that, the probability (p=0.001) as reported in the table

3 above for domestic violence implies that the slope (B=0.164) is not statistically significant and

acceptance of H01. Thus, it was revealed that age of respondent will not significantly predict

domestic violence among adolescents in a selected Public Secondary School in Epe, Epe Local

Government, Lagos State.

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 Table 4: Perception of Domestic violence
S/N Item SA A D SD

1. Lack of parental guidance causes domestic violence 41(41.0) 29(29.0) 17(17.0) 12(12.0)

among adolescents

2. Adolescents from broken homes are usually exposed to 29(29.0) 56(56.0) 4(4.0) 11(11.0)

domestic violence

3. Peer influence is a great factor in the occurrence of 37(37.0) 43(43.0) 9(9.0) 11(11.0)

domestic violence among adolescents

4. Adolescents are exposed to domestic violence when 50(50.0) 24(24.0) 13(13.0) 13(13.0)

they do not leave with their parent

5. Ignorance on sex education for boys/girls is a propeller 33(33.0) 48(48.0) 9(9.0) 10(10.0)

of domestic violence among adolescents

6. Domestic violence to adolescents usually happens 29(29.0) 56(56.0) 4(4.0) 11(11.0)

because of the cultural believe that males are strong and

should always endure anything

7. Adolescents are usually secretive, it is a major reason 37(37.0) 43(43.0) 9(9.0) 11(11.0)

while domestic violence to adolescents thrive

8. Adolescent who have father who engage in alcoholism 33(33.0) 48(48.0) 9(9.0) 10(10.0)

and smoking are usually exposed to domestic violence.

On the perceived causes of Domestic violence, 41.0% strongly agree that lack of parental

guidance causes domestic violence among adolescents while 29(29.0%) agree, 17(17.0%)

disagree and 12(12.0%) strongly disagree. It was strongly agreed (29.0%) that adolescents from

broken homes are usually exposed to domestic violence and 56(56.0%) agree, 4(4.0%) strongly

13
disagree and 11(11.0%) disagree. Also 37.0% respondents strongly agree, 43.0% agree that peer

influence is a great factor in the occurrence of domestic violence among adolescents and 9(9.0%)

strongly disagree and disagree (11.0%). Also 50.0% of the participants strongly agree and 24.0%

agree that boys are exposed to domestic violence when they do not leave with their parent while

33.0% strongly agree and 48.0% agree that ignorance on sex education for adolescents is a

propeller of domestic violence among adolescents also, 29.0% strongly agree and 56.0% agree

that domestic violence to adolescents usually happen because of the cultural believe that males

are strong and should always endure anything. Also, 37.0% strongly and 11.0% strongly disagree

that adolescents are usually secretive, it is a major reason while domestic violence among

adolescents thrive and 33.0% of the respondents strongly agree that adolescent who have father

who engage in alcoholism and smoking are usually exposed to domestic violence while 9.0%

disagree.

HO2: Educational level of parent will not significantly predict Domestic Violence among

adolescents in a selected Public Secondary School in Epe, Epe Local Government, Lagos State

Table 5: Beta Coefficient and T-Ratio for Influence of Educational level on

Domestic violence
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized T Sig.

coefficients

B Std. Error Beta

(Constant) 1.648 . 127 12.931 .000

Domestic .582 1.174

violence . 496 1.282 .244

a. Dependent Variable: academic level

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It was revealed in table 5 above that the sign of the coefficient of domestic violence is positive.

This implies that educational level do not predict domestic violence positively. It also follows

that, the probability (p=0.244) as reported in the table 5 for domestic violence implies that the

slope (B= 0. 582) is not statistically significant and acceptance of H02.

Thus, educational level of parent will not significantly predict Domestic Violence among

adolescents in a selected Public Secondary Schools in Epe, Epe Local Government, Lagos State.

Table 6: Attitude of domestic violence

S/ Item SA A D SD

1. Domestic violence causes physical injury to 45(45.0) 40(40.0) 5(5.0) 10(10.0)

adolescents

2. Domestic violence usually leads to physical 43(43.0) 36(36.0) 17(17.0) 4(4.0)

disability in most cases

3. Domestic violence can allow adolescents to 40(40.0) 31(31.0) 19(19.0) 10(10.0)

slide to depression

4. A lot of adolescents have been sexually 47(47.0) 36(36.0) 7(7.0) 10(10.0)

deranged as a result of domestic violence

5. Domestic violence allows adolescents to be 51(51.0) 20(20.0) 17(17.0) 12(12.0)

perpetual fear for a lot of years

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6. A lot of diseases are contracted through 37(37.0) 43(43.0) 9(9.0) 11(11.0)

domestic violence

7. Most times adolescents loss their lives in their 33(33.0) 48(48.0) 9(9.0) 10(10.0)

prime as a result of domestic violence

Table 6 above revealed the implication of domestic violence from the respondents where 45.0%

strongly agree while 40.0% agree and 10.0% strongly disagree that domestic violence causes

physical injury to adolescents and 43.0% strongly agree that domestic violence usually leads to

physical disability in most cases while 17.0% disagree. Also 40.0% of the respondents strongly

agree while 31.0% agree that domestic violence can allow adolescents to slide to depression. It

was however shows that 47.0% of the respondents strongly agree, 36.0% agree that a lot of

adolescents have been sexually deranged as a result of domestic violence while 51.0% strongly

agree that domestic violence allow adolescents to be perpetual fear for a lot of years and 12.0%

disagree. Also 37.0% of the respondents strongly agree, 43.0% agree that a lot of diseases are

contracted through domestic violence while 9.0% strongly disagree and 11.0% disagree. It was

also showing that 33.0% of the respondents strongly agree and 48.0% agree that most times

adolescents loss their lives in their prime as a result of domestic violence while 9.0%, 10.0%

strongly disagree and disagree respectively.

HO3: Religion will not significantly predict Domestic Violence among adolescents in a selected

Public Secondary Schools in Epe, Epe Local Government, Lagos State

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Table 7: Beta coefficient and T-ratio for Influence of Religion on the
prediction of Domestic Violence

Model Unstandardized Standardized t Sig.

Coefficient coefficients

B Std. Beta

Error

(Constant) .00

Domestic 0
1.425 .155 9.207
violence .997
.541 .195 2.770
.0

07

Dependent Variable: Religion of the students’

It can be noted in table 7 is that the sign of the coefficient of domestic violence is negative. This

implies that domestic violence negatively influences school behavioral pattern of students. It also

follows that, the probability (p=0.007) as reported in the table 7 for influence of domestic

violence on school behavioral patterns of students implies that the slope (B= 0.541) is

statistically significant and rejection of H03.

Thus, religion will not significantly predict domestic violence among adolescents in a selected

Public Secondary Schools in Epe, Epe Local Government, Lagos State.

Discussion of findings

17
Knowledge of students on Domestic Violence among adolescents in a selected Public

Secondary School in Epe, Epe Local Government, Lagos State.

Table 3 revealed that respondents are well aware of domestic violence of its ramifications, this

agrees with another study that revealed that boys can recognize and understand situations based

on what they have seen and remember stories that affect their bodies and minds (Mittal, 2020).

Perception of Domestic Violence among adolescents in a selected Public Secondary Schools

in Epe, Epe Local Government, Lagos State.

Table 4 revealed that lack of parental guidance, poor parenting, broken homes, peer influence,

ignorance on sex education for adolescents and cultural believe that males are strong and should

always endure anything are all pivotal to the domestic violence among adolescents. This is in

contrast with another study by Close (2012), that the causes of violence in public senior

secondary schools in Rivers State include desperation and despair, mob spirit, hatred and

jealousy, alcohol and drug abuse, lax criminal-justice systems, false religion, low self-worth,

witnessing violence in the home.

Attitude of Domestic Violence among adolescents in a selected Public Secondary Schools in

Epe, Epe Local Government, Lagos State.

Table 6 revealed that physical injury to adolescents, depression and loss their lives are usually

effects of domestic violence against boys, this result was reinforced by the result of another study

Sanni (2018) that opined that domestic violence affects children in many ways including effects

on physical, psychological, relationships, and education.

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 CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0 Introduction
The chapter presents summary of findings of the study conclusions made from the findings.

5.1 Summary of Findings

The research findings revealed the demographic detail of the study, demographic characteristics

of the respondents. It was revealed that majority of the respondents (33.0%) of the sample size

fell within 15 - 17 years. It was revealed that age of respondent will not significantly predict

domestic violence among adolescents in a selected Public Secondary Schools in Epe, Epe Local

Government, Lagos State. Also 53% of the respondents indicating were Yoruba ethnic group

while 69.0% of the sample size were Islam. It was revealed in the study that religion will not

significantly predict domestic violence among adolescents in a selected Public Secondary

Schools in Epe, Epe Local Government, Lagos State. It was revealed that 53.0% of the sample

size were Junior Secondary School students. It was revealed that educational level of parent will

not significantly predict Domestic Violence among adolescents in a selected Public Secondary

Schools in Epe, Epe Local Government, Lagos State. The respondents were aware of domestic

violence, lack of parental guidance, poor parenting, broken homes, peer influence, ignorance on

sex education for boys and cultural believe were remote causes of domestic violence among

adolescents according to this study. According to this study, domestic violence among

adolescents result into physical injury to boys/girls, depression and loss their lives are usually

effects of domestic violence among adolescents.

5.2 Conclusions of the Study

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The study came up with the following conclusions

Domestic violence was found to be a major cause of truancy as many students did not go to

school consistently and this affected their academic performance. Due to truancy as a result of

domestic violence dropout rate was high resulting to students not completing their education

leading to lack of tertiary education and joblessness. Domestic violence had contributed to high

rate of insecurity in the region since teens tend to develop violence traits experienced during

upbringing. Domestic violence caused poor concentration among students. In most cases, the

inflictor of the violence was under the influence of alcohol and drug abuse hence increasing the

rate of violence.

5.3 Recommendations
From the research findings, domestic violence is rampant in contemporary society.

1. There is therefore need for educating people about family responsibility, as way of

eradicating domestic violence among families.

2. There should be guidance and counseling therapy sessions in both school and community

level. This will educate sensitize and rehabilitate each and every individual in the society.

This would also help students to cope with the trauma associated with the violence.

3. The helping professionals should take responsibility of reporting the suspected abuse to the

child protection agency or police; this would reduce the rate of violence since law will be

applied effectively to apprehend offenders typically counselors and school personnel should

be required to report and be granted immunity from liability because they are presumed to

be acting in good faith.

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4. The government has also enacted laws but its efforts of implementing them bear no fruits,

therefore legislation of strict laws should be formulated to protect the children.

5. Communities, churches, schools and the government should take the responsibility of

minimizing domestic violence and provide security for the young ones in particular and the

community as a whole.

6. Offices should be erected in communities where one is able to report to in case of such

incidences, they should be in strategic positions and easy to access in order to stem out the

vice.

7. The nation should move through stages of public awareness and face the phenomenon head

on. Practitioners should be aware of the widespread domestic violence cases reported and

unreported. And act when necessary.

8. Counselors should keep abreast of the indicators of maltreatment in order to help victims of

domestic violence.

In conclusion, the above suggestions are inadequate and the researcher strongly recommends a

consultative meeting involving all stake holders e.g. parent, educational officers, family-based

organizations, sponsors, teachers, pupils and the community at large to deliberate on effective

counseling in our institutions in order to reduce if not stop domestic violence among adolescents

in the our society.

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 APPENDIX

DEAR RESPONDENT,

I am a final year student oin the department of public health science in National Open University

of Nigeria, Lagos Study Centre, I am carrying out research ion Domestic Violence among

adolescents in selected public secondary schools in Epe, Epe Local Government, Lagos State, I

am soliciting for your cooperation and honesty in completing this questionnaire. All

information’s supplied will be treated with utmost confidentially and are pure for research

purpose.

Thanks for your cooperation

Instructions

Do not write name on the questionnaire

Tick ( ) the best option that describes your opinion
SECTION A: Demographic Data
1. Age at last birthday: __________________

2. Gender

3. Religion: a. Islam ( ) b. Christianity ( ) c. Others (Specify) _____________________

22
 4. Ethnicity: a. Yoruba ( ) b. Hausa ( ) c. Igbo ( ) d. Others ( )

5. Class: a. J S S ( ) b. S S S ( )

6. Mother’s level of education: ___________________

7. Father’s level of education: ___________________

8. Mother’s type of occupationa: ___________________

9. Father’s type of occupation: ___________________

SECTION B
INSTRUCTION: Please respond to the statement below by ticking the appropriate response

where applicable for each statement, Yes or No

S/N Knowledge of Students Domestic violence Yes No

1. Domestic violence can be physical or sexual

2. Unnecessary beating or canning is domestic violence among adolescents

3. Slapping indiscriminately is not violence among adolescents

4. Using dangerous weapon or materials to attack, beat or inflict injury on boys because

of minor offence is domestic violence

5. Bullying by senior students in school is also domestic violence

6. Sexual allurement against my will is a domestic violence

7. Domestic violence is when another person touches my private part

8. Shouting on me in the public is what I regard as domestic violence, I do not like it

9. I hate public rejection and public castigation

23
10. It is domestic violence when I am forced or coerced to do what I do not want to do

SECTION C
INSTRUCTION: Please respond to the statement below by ticking the appropriate response

where applicable for each statement, SA = Strongly Agree, A = Agree, D = Disagree, SD =

Strongly Disagree

S/N Perceived causes of Domestic violence SA A D SD

1. Lack of parental guidance causes domestic violence against adolescents

2. Adolescents from broken homes are usually exposed to domestic violence

3. Peer influence is a great factors in the occurrence of domestic violence among

adolescents

4. Adolescents are exposed to domestic violence when they do not leave with

their parent

5. Ignorance on sex education for boys is a propeller of domestic violence among

adolescents

6. Domestic violence to boys usually happen because of the cultural believe that

males are strong and should always endure anything

7. Adolescents are usually secretive, it is a major reason while domestic violence

among adolescents thrive

8. Adolescents who have father who engage in alcoholism and smoking are

usually exposed to domestic violence.

SECTION D

24
INSTRUCTION: Please respond to the statement below by ticking the appropriate response

where applicable for each statement, SA = Strongly Agree, A = Agree, D = Disagree, SD =

Strongly Disagree

S/ Perceived implication of domestic violence SA A D SD

1. Domestic violence causes physical injury to adolescents

2. Domestic violence usually leads to physical disability in most cases

3. Domestic violence can allow boys to slide to depression

4. A lot of adolescents have been sexually deranged as a result of domestic

violence

5. Domestic violence allow boys to be perpetual fear for a lot of years

6. A lot of diseases are contracted through domestic violence

7. Most times boys loss their lives in their prime as a result of domestic violence

25