DEEP-WELL PUMP CHARACTERISTICS

1. Volume flow rate of liquid handled by the pump, (Q)

-is the volume of the liquid that passes through a given surface per unit me. It is the
product of the area and velocity of the liquid.

𝐐 = 𝐀𝐕 Where:
Q = volume flow rate
V = velocity of flow
A = area of flow
2. Pressure head (hp)
-is the height of the column of water of liquid necessary to develop a specific pressure
Where:
𝑷
𝒉𝒑 = P = pressure
𝜸
γ = specific weight
= 9.81 = 62.4
3. Velocity head (hv)
- it is the square of the speed flow of a liquid divided by twice the accelera on of
gravity. It is equal to the sta c pressure head corresponding to a pressure equal to the
kine c energy of the liquid per unit volume.

Where:
𝑽𝟐
𝐡𝒗 = V = velocity
𝟐𝒈
g = accelera on due to gravity
= 9.81 = 32.2
4. Fric on head (hf)
- it is the head lost by the flow in a stream or conduit due to fric onal disturbances
set up by the moving liquid and its containing conduit and by intermolecular fric on.

a. Using Darcy’s equa on: Where:

𝒇𝑳𝑽𝟐 ℎ = fric on head loss
𝒉𝒇 = L = total length
𝟐𝒈𝑫
b. Using Morse equa on: V = velocity
𝟐𝒇𝑳𝑽𝟐 D = inside diameter
𝒉𝒇 = g = 9.81
𝒈𝑫
f = coefficient of fric on

Note: f should be taken from MORSE table if Morse Equa on is to be used.

Sta c head is the height of the surface of the fluid above the gage point.
5. Total head or total dynamic head (H)
-is the total energy developed by the pump expressed in height of liquid.

𝐇 = 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝 + 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝 + 𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝 + 𝐟𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝

𝐇 = (𝒁𝒅 − 𝒁𝒔 ) + 𝒉𝒑𝒅 − 𝒉𝒑𝒔 + (𝒉𝒗𝒅 − 𝒉𝒗𝒔 ) + (𝒉𝒇𝒅 − 𝒉𝒇𝒔 )

𝑷𝒅 − 𝑷𝒔
𝐇 = (𝒁𝒅 − 𝒁𝒔 ) + + (𝒉𝒗𝒅 − 𝒉𝒗𝒔 ) + (𝒉𝒇𝒅 − 𝒉𝒇𝒔 )
𝜸
Where:
Z is nega ve (-) if source is below pump centerline
Ps is nega ve (-) if it is vacuum
6. Hydraulic or water power (Pw)
-is the theore cal power necessary to raise a given volume of liquid from a lower to a
higher eleva on. Where:
𝑃 = hydraulic or water power
𝑷𝒘 = 𝜸𝑸𝑯 Q = volume flow rate
H = total head

7. Pump efficiency (ep)

-is the ra o of the hydraulic power or water power to the brake power.
Where:
𝑷𝒘
𝒆𝒑 = 𝑃 = hydraulic or water power
𝑷𝒃
𝑃 = brake power
8. Motor efficiency (em)
-is the ra o of brake power to the input power
Where:
𝑷𝒃 𝑃 = input power
𝒆𝒎 =
𝑷𝒊 𝑃 = brake power

9. Overall efficiency (e)

-is the ra o of hydraulic or water power to the input power.

𝑷𝒘 Where:
𝒆= 𝑃 = input power
𝑷𝒊
𝑃 = water power
RECIPROCATING PUMP CHARACTERISTICS

Piston displacement
-is the volume which a piston in a cylinder displaces in a single stroke, equal to the
distance the piston travels mes the internal cross-sec on of the cylinder.

a. Piston displacement if piston rod is neglected:

𝝅𝑫𝟐 𝑳𝑵 𝝅𝑫𝟐 𝑳𝑵
𝐕𝑫 = 𝟐 𝐨𝐫 𝐕𝑫 =
𝟒 𝟐

b. Piston displacement if piston rod is considered:

𝝅𝑫𝟐 𝝅 𝟐 𝝅𝑫𝟐 𝑳𝑵 𝝅𝒅𝟐 𝑳𝑵
𝐕𝑫 = 𝑳𝑵 + 𝑫 − 𝒅𝟐 𝑳𝑵 𝐨𝐫 𝐕𝑫 = −
𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 𝟐

Where:
d = piston rod diameter
D = diameter of the piston
L = length of stroke
N = rpm

1. Actual discharge, Q

𝐐 = 𝐀𝐕

2. Slip, S
-is the difference between the piston displacement and the actual discharge of
volume flow rate of the liquid handled by the pump.

𝐒 = 𝑽𝑫 − 𝑸

3. Percent slip, %S
-is the ra o of the slip to the piston displacement

𝐒 𝑽𝑫 − 𝑸
%𝐒 = 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐨𝐫 %𝐒 = 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑽𝑫 𝑽𝑫

4. Volumetric efficiency, ev

𝑸
𝒆𝒗 =
𝑽𝑫
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP CHARACTERISTICS

1. Specific speed, Ns
-is a number used to predict the performance of centrifugal pumps. It is the speed at
which a geometrically similar impeller of a pump would run to discharge 1gpm at 1
head. Addi onally, the specific speed predicts the general shape of the pump’s
impeller.
Where:
𝑵 𝑸 N = specific speed, rpm
𝑵𝒔 = 𝟑/𝟒 N = rota onal speed, rpm
𝒉
Q = discharge, gpm
H = head,
IMPELLER TYPE SPECIFIC SPEED, rpm
Radial 3000
Francis 3000-4500
Mixed Flow 4500-10000
Propeller 10000-140000

2. Pump Affinity Laws

Geometrically Similar Pumps

𝑵𝟏 𝑸𝟏 𝑵𝟐 𝑸𝟐 𝑯𝟏 𝑯𝟐
𝒂. = 𝒄. =
𝟑/𝟒
𝑯𝟏
𝟑/𝟒
𝑯𝟐 𝑵𝟐𝟏 𝑫𝟐𝟏 𝑵𝟐𝟐 𝑫𝟐𝟐

𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐 𝑷𝟏 𝑷𝟐
𝒃. = 𝒅. =
𝑵𝟏 𝑫𝟑𝟏 𝑵𝟐 𝑫𝟑𝟐 𝑵𝟑𝟏 𝑫𝟓𝟏 𝝆𝟏 𝑵𝟑𝟐 𝑫𝟓𝟐 𝝆𝟐

a. Varia on in impeller speed

If the impeller diameter is constant

𝟐 𝟑
𝐐𝟏 𝑵𝟏 𝐇𝟏 𝑵𝟏 𝐏𝟏 𝑵𝟏
= = =
𝑸𝟐 𝑵𝟐 𝑯𝟐 𝑵𝟐 𝑷𝟐 𝑵𝟐

b. Varia on in impeller diameter

If the impeller speed is constant

𝟐 𝟑
𝐐𝟏 𝑫𝟏 𝐇𝟏 𝑫𝟏 𝐏𝟏 𝑫𝟏
= = =
𝑸𝟐 𝑫𝟐 𝑯𝟐 𝑫𝟐 𝑷𝟐 𝑫𝟐

c. Varia on in impeller speed

Constant diameter
Q H P
𝐇𝟏 𝝆𝟏 𝐏𝟏 𝝆𝟏
𝑸𝟐 = 𝑸𝟏 = = 1 2 3 N
𝑯𝟐 𝝆𝟐 𝑷𝟐 𝝆𝟐 1 2 3 D