ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 01 Page 1

Sample Paper 01
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following questions.

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .200 in the North-West part of the map extract.
(b) What are the brown bold lines in the North-Western quarter of the map extract?

(ii) If Ravi drive in a straight line from 05 west to 12 West in a car traveling at a speed of 10 km/hr, what is
the approximate time he would take to reach his destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Vavdhara (4004) to Knara (4098)?
(b) What types of landforms are visible in the Eastern part of the provided topographic map?

(iv) (a) After a decade-long absence, Rani was pleasantly surprised by the progress in her hometown Knara
(4098) and its surroundings. What visible indications or apparent changes serve as compelling evidence
of the region’s development and growth, leaving her delighted upon her return?
(b) What is the single dot red vertical line made between the East 40 and 41?

(v) Mention two man-made and two natural features in the grid square 4410.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map of India provided
(a) Shade and label the Mount Kanchenjunga
(b) Shade and label the Malabar plains
(c) Label the Damodar river

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(d) Mark and label the Northern Circars

(e) Mark and label the Karakoram Pass
(f) Mark with arrows the direction of the winds which bring rain to Mumbai in July-August
(g) Mark and label the iron-ore field of Jharkhand.
(h) Shade an area of black soil in Maharashtra.
(i) Mark and label the city of Mumbai
(j) Mark and label the Tropic of Cancer.

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) National Highway No.7 runs from Varanasi to...............

(a) Kochi (b) Chennai
(c) Kanyakumari (d) Madurai

(ii) Which of the following is the correct set of water bodies from which the North Atlantic Ocean currents
originate?
(a) North Atlantic Ocean + Labrador Sea + Gulf Stream
(b) North Atlantic Ocean + Red Sea + North Equatorial Current
(c) North Atlantic Ocean + Pacific Ocean + North Atlantic Drift
(d) North Atlantic Ocean + Indian Ocean + Canary Current

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(iii) Iron Ore: Odisha

(a) Copper: Karnataka (b) Bauxite: Jharkhand
(c) Manganese: Kerala (d) Bauxite: Punjab

(iv) Joint Forest Management was started in which of the following states in India?
(a) Tamil Nadu (b) Odisha
(c) Madhya Pradesh (d) Jharkhand

(v) .............is an example of cash crop.

(a) Corn (b) Wheat
(c) Jute (d) Millets

(vi) Assertion (A): Wheat is primarily grown during the rabi season in India.
Reason (R): Wheat requires cool temperatures and moderate rainfall for proper growth.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(vii) Soil erosion is responsible for which of the following problems?

(a) Desertification (b) Land degradation
(c) Damage to fields (d) All of these

(viii) ...............is an example of cottage industry.

(a) Carpet weaving (b) Handloom
(c) Handicraft (d) All of these

(ix) Which of the following is an example of sources of wastes?

(a) Agriculture waste (b) Industrial waste
(c) Household waste (d) All of these

(x) The crop shown in the image is commonly associated with which of the following industries?

(a) Cotton Industry (b) Sugar Industry

(c) Tea Industry (d) Coffee Industry

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) Monsoon refers to a seasonal shift in wind patterns that brings about significant changes in weather
conditions, including rainfall distribution. The distribution of rainfall during the monsoon season is influenced
by several factors, including the topography of the region, the prevailing wind patterns, and the presence of
moisture sources such as oceans and seas.
(a) As a student of Geography, what according to you could be the possible reason for varying rainfall
distribution during the monsoon season?
(b) How do topography and wind patterns affect rainfall distribution during the monsoon?

(ii) What is the main source of moisture for the following regions during the monsoon season?
(a) Western Ghats
(b) Indo-Gangetic plains

(iii) Give a reason for each of the following.

(a) The Northern Plains do not freeze in winter despite having a continental climate.
(b) The central part of Maharashtra receives less rainfall.
(c) The major rainfall in Chennai occurs between December and February, while that in Mumbai occurs
between June and September.

(iv) Study the climatic data of a city of India provided below and answer the questions that follow.

Station Station A
Month Temperature (°C) Rainfall (cm)
Jan 16.0 3.2
Feb 18.0 5.1
Mar 21.3 8.7
Apr 23.3 24.1
May 26.1 24.2
Jun 27.8 39.2
Jul 27.4 54.7
Aug 27.9 42.2
Sep 26.7 35.5
Oct 25.1 13.9
Nov 21.1 1.6
Dec 17.2 1.9
(a) What is the annual range of temperature of Station A?
(b) What is the total rainfall received by Station A?
(c) Which are the wettest and driest months in this Station?

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QUESTION 5.

(i) Ramesh, a farmer in Gujarat, ensures good soil health through proper land management. He adopts
techniques that help in soil conservation and prevent its degradation. His neighbouring farmer, Suresh,
however, does not follow such practices and faces soil infertility and erosion during the monsoon season.
(a) Identify the two human activities that Ramesh is likely adopting for soil conservation.
(b) Give a possible reason why Suresh’s soil is becoming infertile and prone to erosion during the monsoon.

(ii) With reference to the soil conservation in India, answer the following questions.
(a) State two human activities that have led to soil conservation.
(b) Write the benefits of the soil conservation.

(iii) Name the following.

(a) An activity which is responsible for soil infertility.
(b) A process in which heavy rainfall washes away the topmost layer of the soil.
(c) A soil which is deficient in humus, nitrogen and phosphate.

(iv) Give reason for each of the following.

(a) Large areas of Maharashtra have black soil.
(b) Man is largely responsible for soil erosion.
(c) The colour of alluvial soil varies in different areas.

QUESTION 6.

(i) Rahul went on a trip and visited a forested area located in the rainier parts of the peninsular plateau and
the plains of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
(a) Which natural vegetation did he come across?
(b) Name a type of tree found in this kind of forest.

(ii) (a) Which forests do have a large amount of natural medicines?

(b) State any two characteristics of Evergreen Forests.

(iii) Give the reasons for forests being grown around cities having iron and steel industries.

(iv) Give reason for each of the following.

(a) Tropical Evergreen forests are quite dense.
(b) Trees of tropical monsoon forests shed their leaves for about 1-2 months.
(c) Tropical evergreen forests are found on the Western slopes of the Western Ghats.

QUESTION 7.

(i) What are the two major reasons for water scarcity occurring in India?

(ii) Distinguish between surface water and ground water.

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(iii) (a) What are tube wells?

(b) Mention two requirements for the construction of tube wells.

(iv) (a) What is meant by tank irrigation?

(b) What are the two disadvantages of tank irrigation?

QUESTION 8.

(i) There is a vast potential for utilizing mineral and energy resources in India. The use of both conventional
and non-conventional sources of energy is crucial for the country’s development. The distribution and
utilization of these resources are essential for various industries and agricultural advancements.
(a) Why do you think the use of conventional sources like coal and petroleum is still prominent in India?
(b) Mention two advantages of utilizing non-conventional energy sources such as solar or wind energy.

(ii) With reference to the Hirakud Dam, answer the following.

(a) This dam is constructed on which river?
(b) Write two advantages of this hydal project.

(iii) (a) Give two disadvantages of using coal as a source of power.

(b) Name the best variety of iron.
(c) Name two indian states where manganese is found

(iv)

(a) Identify the type of energy generated by wind turbines.

(b) State one reason why wind energy is considered more sustainable than fossil fuels.
(c) Why are coastal and hilly regions suitable for harnessing wind energy in India?

QUESTION 9.

(i) State two steps taken by the government to improve agricultural production.

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(ii) (a) State one point of difference between the climatic conditions required for the cultivation of sugarcane
in North India and South India.
(b) Name one state in North India where sugarcane is grown extensively.

(iii) With reference to the cultivation of oilseeds and other crops, answer the following:
(a) Mention any one economic importance of oilseeds.
(b) Is Ragi a Rabi or Kharif crop?
(c) Name any two leading producers of jute.

(iv) Rohan, a farmer, is cultivating tea and wants to improve its growth.
(a) Give a reason why tea plants are pruned.
(b) Mention any two reasons why tea grows well on hill slopes.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between Sugar industry and Textile industry.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the cotton textile industry is important for India’s economy.

(iii) With reference to agro-based industries, answer the following:

(a) State a reason for the growing importance of the sugar industry in India.
(b) Why is the textile industry significant in both rural and urban areas?
(c) Name any two types of textiles produced in India.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Sugar production plays a key role in rural development.
(b) Silk production is important for export markets.
(c) The textile industry provides employment to a large section of the population.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two advantages of using airways.

(ii) Railways have played a crucial role in the transportation system of India. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which mode of transport is most suitable for transporting bulky goods over long distances?
(b) Name the authority responsible for the development and management of national railways in India.
(c) Which mode of transport is preferred in coastal areas for carrying goods and passengers?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Roadways are crucial for the development of rural areas.
(b) Waterways are the cheapest mode of transport for carrying heavy goods.
(c) Airways are essential during natural disasters and emergencies.

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QUESTION 12.

(i) What is the impact of waste accumulation on the following?

(a) Terrestrial life
(b) Aquatic (freshwater and marine) life

(ii) Why is waste management important for maintaining environmental health?

(iii) The uncontrolled dumping of waste in a city led to severe pollution in nearby water bodies, affecting both
human health and the ecosystem. The waste included non-biodegradable items and toxic substances that
created long-term contamination in the area.
(a) Which method of waste management could have prevented this environmental damage?
(b) Mention one measure you can adopt at home to reduce waste accumulation.
(c) State one way in which waste can be reused to benefit the community.

(iv) (a) What is composting?

(b) Enumerate two advantages of recycling as a method of waste disposal.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 02 Page 1

Sample Paper 02
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following questions.

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .244 in the Northern part of the map extract.
(b) What is the black broken line in the Northern part of the map extract?

(ii) If Anil drive in a straight line from 30 East to 36 East in a car travelling at a speed of 12 km/hr, what is
the approximate time he would take to reach his destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Bhutedi (3486) to Moti Bhatamal (3687)?
(b) In which direction the Banas river is flowing?

(iv) (a) After a decade-long absence, Parul was pleasantly surprised by the progress in her hometown Antroll
(3988) and its surroundings. What visible indications or apparent changes serve as compelling evidence
of the region’s development and growth, leaving her delighted upon her return?
(b) What is the black horizontal line made between the Northing 07 and 08?

(v) Mention two man-made and two natural features in the grid square 3486.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map of India provided
(a) Locate and label Wular lake
(b) Label the Yamuna river
(c) Label the Gulf of Kutch

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(d) Label the Tapi river

(e) Label the Jhelum river
(f) Mark with arrows the direction of the North-East monsoon
(g) Mark the iron ore field of Singhbhum
(h) Shade an area of alluvial soil in Eastern coastal plains of India
(i) Mark and name the city of Kochi
(j) Mark and label the Allahabad.

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct option.

(i) An example of the joint sector company is______

(a) Hindustan Lever Limited (b) Bajaj Auto. Limited
(c) Tata Consultancy Services (d) Ipitata Sponge, Iron Ltd

(ii) Gurjan and toon are examples of which of the following forests?
(a) Tropical Deciduous forests (b) Tropical Evergreen forests
(c) Tropical Desert forests (d) Montane forests

(iii) Waste Accumulation: Pollution

(a) Recycling: Waste Reduction (b) Composting: Waste Disposal
(c) Dumping: Waste Segregation (d) Reusing: Waste Generation

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(iv) Which of the following is a type of red soil?

(a) Red loamy soil
(b) Red gravelly soil
(c) Mixed red and black soil
(d) All of the above

(v) ______provides door-to-door service.

(a) Roadways (b) Railways
(c) Pipelines (d) Airways

(vi) Assertion (A): Copper is extensively used in the electrical industry due to its high conductivity.
Reason (R): Copper has a low melting point, making it ideal for electrical wiring.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(vii) Which of the following is an example of cleaner technologies to save our environment?
(a) Wind power (b) Solar power
(c) Biomass (d) All of the above

(viii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratified form of ______ rocks.
(a) sedimentary (b) igneous
(c) metamorphic (d) sandstone

(ix) ______is an example of plantation crop.

(a) Wheat (b) Rubber
(c) Rice (d) All of these

(x) What is the name of the highway indicated by NH 1 in the given picture?

(a) National Highway 1D (Srinagar-Leh Highway)

(b) National Highway 1A (Delhi-Amritsar Highway)
(c) National Highway 44 (Kanyakumari-Srinagar Highway)
(d) National Highway 3 (Agra-Mumbai Highway)

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) India experiences distinct seasonal variations in temperature, rainfall, and wind patterns across the year.
These variations are influenced by multiple climatic factors, including the monsoon mechanism. The
monsoon plays a significant role in determining the distribution of rainfall across the country, especially
during specific seasons.
(a) As a Geography student, explain the main factor affecting temperature distribution across India during
the summer season.
(b) During which months does the monsoon primarily affect India’s climate and rainfall distribution?

(ii) What is the primary factor influencing wind patterns during each of the following seasons?
(a) Summer (March to May)
(b) Winter (December to February)

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) The retreating monsoon occurs primarily between October and November in India.
(b) The western coast of India experiences heavy rainfall during the monsoon season.
(c) Northern India records lower temperatures in the winter compared to the southern region.

(iv) Study the climatic data of a city of India provided below and answer the questions that follow.

Station Station A
Month Temperature (°C) Rainfall (cm)
Jan 27.1 2.4
Feb 27.6 2.0
Mar 28.5 2.9
Apr 28.4 12.1
May 28.2 20.0
Jun 26.3 30.6
Jul 26.0 17.7
Aug 25.9 15.1
Sep 26.2 17.8
Oct 26.2 22.2
Nov 26.1 20.7
Dec 26.8 5.2
(a) Calculate the annual range of temperature Station A.
(b) What is the total rainfall received by Station A?
(c) In which region is Station A situated? Give one reason for your conclusion.

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QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in Maharashtra is able to grow cotton successfully, but his neighbor struggles with growing the
same crop due to the rocky and coarse texture of his soil.
(a) Identify the two types of soils being discussed.
(b) Suggest a reason why the farmer growing cotton benefits from his type of soil.

(ii) With reference to soil erosion in India, answer the following:

(a) Name two geographical factors that contribute to soil erosion.
(b) Mention any two soil conservation measures that can help reduce soil erosion.

(iii) With reference to Black Soil, answer the following:

(a) What is the main reason for the moisture retention in Black Soil?
(b) Why is Black Soil also called “Regur Soil”?
(c) Name two states in India where Black Soil is predominant.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Red Soil is not as fertile as Alluvial Soil.
(b) Black Soil is good for dry farming.
(c) Laterite Soil requires heavy rainfall for its formation.

QUESTION 6.

(i) Anita noticed that the trees in the forest she visited were green throughout the year, with no seasonal
shedding of leaves.
(a) Which type of vegetation is she observing?
(b) Name an area in India where this type of vegetation is common.

(ii) (a) Why is the tropical desert vegetation sparse and widely scattered?
(b) How do mountain forests adapt to different altitudes?

(iii) Provide three benefits of forests for the local climate.

(iv) (a) What role do joint forest management programs play in forest conservation?
(b) What is the method of shifting cultivation, and how does it harm the forest cover?
(c) What process is involved in planting trees to restore deforested areas?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two factors on which the sources of irrigation depend.

(ii) Distinguish between lined wells and unlined wells.

(iii) (a) Why does water from unlined canals make the nearby land unproductive?
(b) Why is drip irrigation the most efficient method?

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(iv) (a) Name one state in India where canal irrigation is popular.
(b) Mention what are the two advantages of perennial canals over inundation canals?

QUESTION 8.

(i) India’s industrial sector relies heavily on key minerals like iron ore, manganese, copper, and bauxite. Iron
ore is vital for steel production, while manganese helps strengthen steel and copper is essential for electrical
goods. Bauxite, the primary ore for aluminum, is used widely in the automotive and packaging industries.
(a) Why is iron ore important for India’s industrial growth?
(b) Mention two uses of bauxite in the manufacturing sector.

(ii) With reference to the Bhakra Nangal project, answer the following:
(a) On which river is the Bhakra Nangal Dam built?
(b) Name one state that benefits from the electricity generated by the Bhakra Nangal Dam.

(iii) (a) Mention one advantage of using coal for power generation.
(b) Name one disadvantage of relying heavily on coal for electricity.
(c) In which Indian states are coal reserves most abundant?

(iv)

(a) Identify the type of energy harnessed from the rise and fall of ocean tides.
(b) Why is tidal energy considered environmentally friendly compared to coal-based energy?
(c) What makes India’s coastal areas suitable for the development of tidal energy?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two problems faced by Indian agriculture and two reforms initiated by the government to improve
the agricultural sector.

(ii) (a) State one difference between subsistence and commercial farming in India.
(b) Name the state that is the leading producer of rice in India.

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(iii) With reference to the cultivation of oilseeds, answer the following:

(a) Name a soil type suitable for the growth of oilseeds.
(b) Name any two varieties of oilseeds grown in India.
(c) Give one reason why oilseeds are an important part of Indian agriculture.

(iv) A farmer in Gujarat is cultivating cotton.

(a) Name the process used to remove seeds from cotton fibers.
(b) Mention any two climatic conditions required for cotton cultivation.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between Cotton textile industry and Silk textile industry.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the silk textile industry is important for India’s economy.

(iii) With reference to agro-based industries, answer the following:

(a) State a reason for the growing demand for cotton textiles in India.
(b) Why is the silk industry considered labor-intensive?
(c) Name any two regions where cotton textiles are produced.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) The cotton textile industry provides employment to both skilled and unskilled labor.
(b) Silk production helps in the promotion of traditional handloom industries.
(c) The sugar industry is dependent on monsoon conditions.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two disadvantages of using railways.

(ii) Roadways have contributed significantly towards regional connectivity in India. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which type of road is designed for high-speed vehicular traffic without any intersections?
(b) Name the organization responsible for the construction and maintenance of rural roads in India.
(c) Which road network connects the four major metropolitan cities in India?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Airways are the fastest mode of transportation.
(b) Railways are crucial for industrial development in India.
(c) Roadways are more accessible than other forms of transport in remote areas.

QUESTION 12.

(i) What is the impact of waste accumulation on the following?

(a) Terrestrial life
(b) Aquatic (freshwater and marine) life

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(ii) Why is waste management important for maintaining environmental health?

(iii) The uncontrolled dumping of waste in a city led to severe pollution in nearby water bodies, affecting both
human health and the ecosystem. The waste included non-biodegradable items and toxic substances that
created long-term contamination in the area.
(a) Which method of waste management could have prevented this environmental damage?
(b) Mention one measure you can adopt at home to reduce waste accumulation.
(c) State one way in which waste can be reused to benefit the community.

(iv) (a) What is composting?

(b) Enumerate two advantages of recycling as a method of waste disposal.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 03 Page 1

Sample Paper 03
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .303 in the North-Eastern part of the map extract.
(b) What is the brown line in the Eastern quarter of the map extract?

(ii) If Kajal drive in a straight line from 01 North to 08 North in a car travelling at a speed of 5 km/hr, what
is the approximate time her would take to reach her destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Nipur (2891) to Nani Bhatamal (3591)?
(b) What types of landforms are visible in the South-Western part of the provided topographic map?

(iv) (a) After a decade-long absence, Rajesh was pleasantly surprised by the progress in his hometown Panthawada
(2611) and its surroundings. What visible indications or apparent changes serve as compelling evidence
of the region’s development and growth?
(b) Name the largest settlement of the given map.

(v) Mention two man-made and two natural features in the grid square 2611.

QUESTION 2.
On the map of India provided
(a) Mark and label Kaveri river
(b) Shade and label Western Ghats
(c) Mark and label Northern Circars Coastal region

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(d) Shade and label Mount Godwin Austin (K2)

(e) Label the Narmada river
(f) Mark and label Kolkata
(g) Mark a red soil region in Southern India.
(h) Mark with a bold line and name Aravali range
(i) Shade and label the Union Territory having highest population density among all UTs.
(j) Shade and label the second highest densely populated state of India according to 2011 Census.

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) A powerful tool that helps to develop new hybrid varieties of seeds is______.
(a) genetic engineering (b) bio-fuelling
(c) genetic disorder (d) genetic drift

(ii) Railway diesel engines are manufactured in Uttar Pradesh at_____.

(a) Lucknow
(b) Naraura
(c) Allahabad
(d) Varanasi

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(iii) Southwest Monsoon: Brings rain from June to September

(a) Retreating Monsoon: October to November
(b) Summer Season: March to May
(c) Winter Season: December to February
(d) Western Disturbances: Winter rain

(iv) An example of the private sector company is_____.

(a) Hindustan Lever Limited (b) Bajaj Auto Limited
(c) Tata Consultancy Services (d) All of the above

(v) Alluvial soil is suitable for_____crop.

(a) rice (b) wheat
(c) sugarcane (d) All of these

(vi) Assertion (A): Mountain forests are found in the Himalayas and are characterized by the presence of
coniferous trees.
Reason (R): Coniferous trees in mountain forests have needle-shaped leaves and are adapted to cold climates.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(vii) Red soil is poor in which of the following nutrients?

(a) Phosphorous (b) Potassium
(c) Organic matter (d) All of these

(viii) Black iron oxide is used as pigment in______.

(a) polishing compounds (b) metallurgy
(c) medicine (d) All of these

(ix) The Headquarters of the Northern railway is______.

(a) Gorakhpur (b) New Delhi
(c) Maligaon (d) Secunderabad

(x)

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The image above represents a common agricultural practice used in hilly regions. What is the name of this
farming technique?
(a) Shifting cultivation (b) Terrace farming
(c) Slash and burn agriculture (d) Crop rotation

PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) The Indian subcontinent’s climate is affected by several factors, including latitude, altitude, distance from
the sea, and the seasonal movement of winds. The monsoon mechanism is essential in determining the
distribution of rainfall.
(a) As a student of Geography, describe how altitude affects temperature distribution during the winter
season in India.
(b) During which months does most of India experience the highest temperatures, and what are the reasons
for this?

(ii) What causes wind patterns to change during the following periods?
(a) Retreating Monsoon (October to November)
(b) Winter (December to February)

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) Southern India remains relatively warm during the winter months compared to northern regions.
(b) The monsoon winds are deflected towards the northwest due to the Coriolis effect.
(c) Pre-monsoon showers in April and May are important for agriculture in southern and eastern India.

(iv) Study the climatic data given below and answer the questions that follow.

Station Station A
Month Temperature (°C) Rainfall (cm)
Jan 24.5 4.6
Feb 25.7 1.8
Mar 27.7 1.3
Apr 20.4 1.8
May 30.0 3.8
Jun 32.5 4.5
Jul 31.0 8.7
Aug 30.2 11.3
Sep 29.8 11.9
Oct 28.0 30.6
Nov 25.9 35.0
Dec 24.7 13.9

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(a) Calculate the annual range of temperature of Station A.

(b) What is the total rainfall received by Station A?
(c) Which is the driest month in this Station?

QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in Punjab grows wheat and rice on his farm due to the fertile nature of his soil, while another
farmer nearby struggles with a soil that is rich in iron but less fertile.
(a) Identify the two types of soil being referenced.
(b) Give a possible reason why the farmer in Punjab has better yields than his neighbor.

(ii) With reference to soil conservation in India, answer the following questions:
(a) State two environmental causes that lead to soil erosion.
(b) Mention two innovative agricultural practices that help prevent soil erosion.

(iii) With reference to Alluvial Soil, answer the following:

(a) How is Alluvial Soil formed?
(b) Why is it suitable for growing a wide variety of crops?
(c) Name two regions in India where Alluvial Soil is extensively found.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Alluvial Soil is highly fertile due to its mineral composition.
(b) Red Soil is common in regions with hot and dry climates.
(c) Laterite Soil is used for making bricks.

QUESTION 6.

(i) Mohan visited a forest where the trees shed their leaves in dry seasons to conserve water.
(a) What type of forest is this?
(b) In which part of India are such forests mainly found?

(ii) (a) Explain how littoral vegetation adapts to coastal environments.

(b) Why are tropical evergreen forests less favorable for human habitation?

(iii) Mention three reasons why forest conservation is essential for biodiversity.

(iv) (a) How does social forestry contribute to local communities?

(b) What agricultural practice is known for causing deforestation and soil degradation?
(c) What method ensures that for every tree felled, two or more saplings are planted?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two reasons why ground water is considered a reliable source of water in India.

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(ii) Distinguish between canals and drip irrigation methods.

(iii) (a) Name one region in India where surface water is the primary source of irrigation.
(b) Mention two geographical factors that make surface water an ideal choice for irrigation in this region.

(iv) (a) What is meant by water scarcity?

(b) Mention two reasons for the water scarcity problem in India.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India is rich in minerals like bauxite, manganese, and copper, which are vital to its growing industries.
These minerals are distributed across various states and are crucial for manufacturing steel, aluminum, and
electrical equipment. The country is also exploring alternatives like wind and solar energy to meet its rising
power needs.
(a) Why is manganese critical for India’s steel industry?
(b) Mention two Indian states where copper is mined.

(ii) With reference to India’s hydel power sector, answer the following:
(a) On which river is the Hirakud Dam located?
(b) Name one state that benefits from the hydropower generated by this dam.

(iii) (a) What is one primary use of petroleum in India?

(b) Name one environmental issue related to the use of petroleum.
(c) Mention two Indian states where petroleum is found in large quantities.

(iv)

(a) Identify the type of energy generated from the heat inside the Earth.
(b) Why is geothermal energy considered a reliable source of renewable energy?
(c) Mention one region in India that has potential for geothermal energy production.

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QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two types of farming in India and explain how they differ from each other.

(ii) (a) State one key difference between intensive and extensive farming.
(b) Name the state that is the leading producer of wheat in India.

(iii) With reference to the cultivation of sugarcane, answer the following:

(a) Name one soil type suitable for the growth of sugarcane.
(b) Name two varieties of sugarcane grown in India.
(c) Give one reason why sugarcane is an important cash crop in India.

(iv) Ravi, a farmer in Assam, is cultivating tea.

(a) Name the process involved in the initial preparation of tea leaves after harvesting.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions suitable for tea cultivation.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between agro-based and mineral-based industries.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the sugar industry contributes to India’s economy.

(iii) With reference to the agro-based industry, answer the following:

(a) State a reason why sugar production is increasing in southern India.
(b) Why is the textile industry considered a backbone of rural economies?
(c) Name any two sugar-producing states in India.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) The silk industry promotes the growth of cottage industries.
(b) The sugar industry helps generate employment in rural areas.
(c) Cotton textiles are in high demand both domestically and internationally.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two advantages of using roadways.

(ii) Waterways are vital for international trade in India. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which type of train is specifically designed to carry passengers over long distances with fewer stops?
(b) Name the ministry responsible for regulating civil aviation in India.
(c) Which international airport is the busiest in India?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Waterways are environmentally friendly.
(b) Airways are preferred for long-distance travel within a short time.
(c) Railways have a lower transportation cost for bulk goods.

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QUESTION 12.

(i) What is the impact of waste accumulation on the following?

(a) Freshwater ecosystems
(b) Human health

(ii) Why is segregation of waste an important method of waste management?

(iii) Large piles of unsegregated waste are left to decompose in an open area. Over time, this waste leads to the
release of harmful gases and contamination of the surrounding soil and groundwater.
(a) Which method of waste management could have mitigated this situation?
(b) Mention one measure you can adopt in your community to promote recycling.
(c) State one way in which domestic organic waste can be turned into a useful resource.

(iv) (a) What is the difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste?
(b) Enumerate two advantages of reusing materials as a method of waste reduction.

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Sample Paper 04
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following questions.

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .222 in the Eastern part of the map extract.
(b) What are the blue dots in the South of the map extract?

(ii) Rajesh travels from 04 southing to 12 southing in a straight line. If he travels at 4 km/hr, how long will it
take him to reach his destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Ramsida (3090) to Ranvas (3489)?
(b) What are the landforms present in the Southern half of the topographic map?

(iv) (a) After a gap of ten years, Meera returned to her hometown Bakodha (2600) and was delighted to witness
the development in the surrounding area. What are some visible signs that indicate the progress and
growth of the region?
(b) What is the black vertical line made between the easting 42 and 43?

(v) Mention two man-made and two natural features in the grid square 2988.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map of India provided
(a) Shade and label the Vindhyas Mountain Range
(b) Shade and label the Malabar Coast
(c) Label the Satluj River

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(d) Mark and label the Andaman Sea

(e) Label the Ganga River
(f) Mark with arrows the direction of the Bay of Bengal Branch of South-West Monsoon
(g) Mark and label Hyderabad city
(h) Shade and label an area of Alluvial soil on the Eastern side of Peninsular India
(i) Mark and name the city of Chennai
(j) Label the Mahanadi River

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) Bajra grows well on sandy soils and shallow______

(a) red soil (b) laterite soil
(c) black soil (d) alluvial soil

(ii) Weathering is the______

(a) study of formation of minerals
(b) study of directions of winds
(c) changes in the seasons
(d) mechanical breakup of rocks

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(iii) Agro-Based Industry: Sugar

(a) Mineral-Based Industry: Cotton (b) Agro-Based Industry: Steel
(c) Mineral-Based Industry: Iron and Steel (d) Agro-Based Industry: Electronics

(iv) Which of the following soils is comparatively less common in India compared to the other three?
(a) Black (b) Alluvial
(c) Desert (d) Red

(v) What are the main reasons for depletion of forests?

(a) Industrialisation. (b) Large-scale development projects
(c) Agriculture (d) All of the above

(vi) Assertion (A): Waste management is necessary to prevent pollution of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Reason (R): Proper waste management methods reduce the accumulation of waste and its harmful effects
on the environment.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, R is false.
(d) A is false, R is true.

(vii) ______provides a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries.

(a) Precious minerals (b) Ferrous minerals
(c) Energy minerals (d) Non-ferrous minerals

(viii) _____provides door-to-door service.

(a) Railways (b) Airways
(c) Roadways (d) Pipelines

(ix) Which of the following is the oldest and the most common method used to dump solid wastes?
(a) Ocean (b) River
(c) Landfill (d) None of the above

(x)

The image above shows an example of a landform created by soil erosion. What type of erosion does this
represent?
(a) Sheet erosion (b) Gully erosion
(c) Wind erosion (d) Rill erosion

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) The distribution of rainfall in India varies greatly from region to region due to the influence of monsoon
winds, geographical features, and seasonal variations. Monsoon rainfall is crucial for agriculture in most
parts of the country.
(a) As a student of Geography, explain how the Coriolis force influences the direction of monsoon winds in
India.
(b) During which months does India experience the onset of the monsoon season, and how does it impact
agriculture?

(ii) What are the major causes of temperature changes during the following seasons?
(a) Monsoon (June to September)
(b) Retreating Monsoon (October to November)

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) The retreating monsoon causes rainfall in Tamil Nadu.
(b) Coastal areas experience a more moderate climate due to their proximity to large water bodies.
(c) Northern India experiences extreme temperatures during both summer and winter seasons.

(iv) Study the climatic data of two cities of India provided below and answer the questions that follow.

Station Station A Station B

Month Tempe-rature Rainfall Tempe-rature Rainfall
(°C) (cm) (°C) (cm)
Jan 23.5 1.2 14.0 1.5
Feb 25.8 1.2 16.8 2.0
Mar 28.7 1.7 22.0 1.4
Apr 30.5 3.8 28.5 2.0
May 31.9 4.7 32.3 2.5
Jun 31.5 10.0 33.5 7.0
Jul 29.6 13.0 30.0 23.5
Aug 29.5 16.6 30.0 23.0
Sep 29.3 16.0 29.7 11.0
Oct 28.5 18.0 26.5 2.2
Nov 26.5 7.8 20.5 1.0
Dec 24.2 0.4 15.8 0.8
(a) Calculate the annual range of temperature of Station A.
(b) What is the total rainfall received by Station B?
(c) On which coast of India is Station A situated? Name the rains that bring rainfall to this region.

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QUESTION 5.

(i) Shyam, a farmer in Tamil Nadu, experiences a good harvest because the seasonal rains are timely, and his
land is well-irrigated. Ravi, who farms in Rajasthan, faces difficulties as his crops suffer from inadequate
rainfall and dry winds during the growing season.
(a) Identify the two climatic conditions described in the passage.
(b) Give a possible reason why Shyam’s crops flourish in Tamil Nadu while Ravi struggles with poor crop
yields in Rajasthan.

(ii) With reference to the importance of rainfall in Indian agriculture, answer the following questions:
(a) State any two human activities that have increased the risk of drought in India.
(b) Mention two measures that can be taken to conserve water and improve agricultural productivity in
drought-prone areas.

(iii) With reference to Black Soil, answer the following:

(a) How is black soil formed?
(b) Why is black soil suitable for growing cotton?
(c) Name any two regions in India where black soil is found.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Laterite soil is found in areas of high rainfall.
(b) Alluvial soil supports a wide variety of crops.
(c) Soil conservation is essential for sustainable agriculture.

QUESTION 6.

(i) While trekking in the Western Ghats, Sarah came across trees that grow in marshy, swampy conditions.
(a) What type of vegetation is she observing?
(b) Name a specific region in India where such vegetation is common.

(ii) (a) Why is tropical evergreen forest known for its dense canopy and biodiversity?
(b) How do deciduous trees help conserve water in dry seasons?

(iii) List three ecological benefits of preserving forest ecosystems.

(iv) (a) What community-based initiative helps in the preservation of forests?

(b) What agricultural system in the past contributed to deforestation, especially in hilly areas?
(c) What is the significance of reforestation in combating desertification?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two sources of water available in India.

(ii) Distinguish between surface water and ground water.

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(iii) (a) Name one method of irrigation commonly used in arid regions of India.
(b) Give two reasons why irrigation is important in agriculture.

(iv) (a) What is meant by water conservation?

(b) Mention two methods used for conserving water in India.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India’s growing industrial sector is powered by minerals like iron ore, copper, and bauxite, and the country
has rich reserves of these minerals. With the increasing focus on non-conventional energy sources, bio-gas
and solar power are becoming important to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and combat climate change.
(a) Why is the extraction of iron ore significant for the Indian economy?
(b) Mention two uses of copper in everyday life.

(ii) With reference to the Bhakra Nangal hydel power project, answer the following:
(a) On which river is the Bhakra Nangal Dam located?
(b) Name one benefit of the electricity produced by this project.

(iii) (a) Name one advantage of using natural gas over coal.
(b) What is one disadvantage of natural gas compared to renewable energy sources?
(c) Mention two Indian regions where natural gas reserves are found

(iv)

(a) Identify the energy produced by nuclear reactors.

(b) Why is nuclear energy considered efficient compared to fossil fuels?
(c) Why is the availability of uranium crucial for the generation of this energy in India?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two problems that farmers in India face due to climate change.

(ii) (a) State one key difference between rabi and zayad cropping seasons.
(b) Name the state that is the leading producer of pulses in India.

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(iii) With reference to the cultivation of jute, answer the following:

(a) Name a soil type suitable for the growth of jute.
(b) Name two varieties of jute grown in India.
(c) Give one reason why jute is called the “Golden Fiber.”

(iv) Rajesh, a farmer in Karnataka, is cultivating coffee.

(a) Name the process used for separating coffee beans from the cherries.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions needed for coffee cultivation.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between the sugar industry and the jute industry.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the jute industry is important for India’s exports.

(iii) With reference to agro-based industries, answer the following:

(a) State a reason why jute is known as the “Golden Fibre.”
(b) Why is the jute industry concentrated in eastern India?
(c) Name any two major jute-producing states in India.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Jute production is vital for the packaging industry.
(b) The sugar industry contributes to biofuel production.
(c) The silk industry is important for the export economy.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two disadvantages of using airways.

(ii) Railways are essential for linking India’s remote and mountainous regions. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which rail gauge is commonly used for faster trains and longer distances?
(b) Name the department responsible for the development of water transport in India.
(c) Which railway zone covers the northern states of India?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Roadways are important for promoting tourism in India.
(b) Waterways are efficient for transporting heavy goods over long distances.
(c) Airways provide essential connectivity to international destinations.

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QUESTION 12.

(i) How does improper waste disposal affect the following?

(a) Marine ecosystems
(b) Air quality

(ii) Why is reducing waste at the source considered the most effective waste management method?

(iii) A neighborhood experiences foul odors and an increase in respiratory diseases due to an open waste dump.
The dump consists of mixed waste, including plastics, organic matter, and hazardous materials.
(a) Which method of waste disposal would have reduced the health hazards in this case?
(b) Mention one measure you can take in school to reduce plastic waste.
(c) State one way in which organic waste from households can be recycled.

(iv) (a) What is dumping as a method of waste disposal?

(b) Enumerate two benefits of using composting as a method of safe waste disposal.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 05 Page 1

Sample Paper 05
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following questions.

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .252 in the central part of the map extract.
(b) What is the blue lines South-Western quarter of the map extract?

(ii) If Rajnish drive in a straight line from 29 West to 22 West in a car travelling at a speed of 5 km/hr, what
is the approximate time he would take to reach his destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Santarwada(2609) to Kuchwada (2207)?

(b) What types of landforms are visible in the Northern part of the provided topographic maps?

(iv) (a) After a decade-long absence, Ishita was pleasantly surprised by the progress in her hometown Kuchwada
(2207) and its surroundings. What visible indications or apparent changes serve as compelling evidence
of the region’s development and growth, leaving her delighted upon her return?
(b) What is the black line made between the East 22 and 23?

(v) Mention two man-made and two natural features in the grid square 2292.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map of India provided
(a) Mark and label the Standard Meridian.
(b) Mark and label Chota Nagpur plateau region.
(c) Mark and label Alluvial soil region in North-East India.

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(d) Shade and label Coromandel Coast.

(e) Mark and label Krishna river.
(f) Shade and label Thar desert.
(g) Mark and label Gulf of Kutch.
(h) Mark the direction of North-East Monsoon winds.
(i) Mark and label an off-shore oilfield on the West Coast of India.
(j) Mark the city of Allahabad.

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) ______provides a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries.

(a) Ferrous minerals (b) Non-ferrous minerals
(c) Energy minerals (d) Precious minerals

(ii) Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and these are harvested
in______
(a) September - October (b) July - August
(c) June - August (d) October - November

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(iii) Rainwater Harvesting: Conservation of Water

(a) Canal Irrigation: Ground Water Recharge
(b) Drip Irrigation: Water Conservation
(c) Surface Water: Underground Wells
(d) Tube Wells: Surface Water Collection

(iv) What is the main reason for the red colour of red soil?
(a) Abundance of magnesium (b) Accumulated humus
(c) Presence of ferric oxides (d) Abundance of phosphates

(v) What is the process of burning municipal solid wastes under suitable temperature and conditions in a
specific furnace called?
(a) Recycling (b) Landfill
(c) Incineration (d) Vermicomposting

(vi) Assertion (A): Manganese is used in the production of steel and as a key component in dry cell batteries.
Reason (R): Manganese improves the strength, toughness, and hardness of steel.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(vii) The first successful textile mill was established in_____in 1854.
(a) Calcutta (b) Surat
(c) Madras (d) Bombay

(viii) In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of_____
and_____.
(a) Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh (b) Maharashtra and Karnataka
(c) Maharashtra and Gujarat (d) Gujarat and Rajasthan

(ix) The Headquarters of Southern Railway is at

(a) Secunderabad (b) Bangalore
(c) Chennai (d) Thiruvananthpuram

(x) Study the picture and select the appropriate bin for disposing of vegetable and fruit peels.

(a) dry papaer (b) recyclables

(c) other waste (d) compostables

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) The monsoon mechanism is vital for India’s agriculture and climate. It brings significant rainfall during the
summer, but the distribution is not uniform across the country. The climate of a region is affected by various
geographical and atmospheric factors.
(a) As a student of Geography, explain why certain regions in India experience higher temperatures during
summer compared to others.
(b) Which season contributes the least to India’s annual rainfall, and why?

(ii) What are the main causes of temperature variation during the following seasons?
(a) Monsoon (June to September)
(b) Retreating Monsoon (October to November)

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) The Eastern coastal areas of India receive rainfall during the retreating monsoon season.
(b) The Himalayas play a crucial role in determining the winter climate of North India.
(c) Summer temperatures are more extreme in North India than in South India

(iv) Study the climatic data of a city of India provided below and answer the questions that follow.

Station Station A
Month Temperature (°C) Rainfall (cm)
Jan 16.0 3.2
Feb 18.0 5.1
Mar 21.3 8.7
Apr 23.3 24.1
May 26.1 24.2
Jun 27.8 39.2
Jul 27.4 54.7
Aug 27.9 42.2
Sep 26.7 35.5
Oct 25.1 13.9
Nov 21.1 1.6
Dec 17.2 1.9

(a) Calculate the annual range of temperature of Station A.

(b) What is the total rainfall received by Station A?
(c) Which is the driest month in this Station?

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QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in Karnataka grows crops on well-drained soil with a reddish hue, while another in the northern
plains grows crops in a soil that has a finer texture and is rich in nutrients.
(a) Identify the two soils being described.
(b) Explain why the farmer in the northern plains has an advantage in crop production.

(ii) With reference to soil erosion, answer the following questions:

(a) List two human activities that accelerate soil erosion.
(b) Suggest two techniques that can be adopted to conserve soil in hilly areas.

(iii) With reference to Laterite Soil, answer the following:

(a) What climatic conditions lead to the formation of Laterite Soil?
(b) Why is Laterite Soil not ideal for intensive farming?
(c) Name two crops that can be grown on Laterite Soil.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Black Soil is ideal for cotton cultivation.
(b) Alluvial Soil supports the growth of sugarcane.
(c) Red Soil needs proper irrigation to be productive.

QUESTION 6.

(i) Ajay traveled to Rajasthan and noticed plants with deep roots and spiny leaves.
(a) Which type of vegetation did he encounter?
(b) Name a desert region in India where this type of vegetation is found.

(ii) (a) How does tropical deciduous forest support timber industries?
(b) Why are mangrove trees adapted to saline conditions?

(iii) Why is forest conservation critical for maintaining the water cycle? Provide three reasons.

(iv) (a) What forest conservation approach promotes wildlife habitat protection?
(b) What is the term for the practice of burning forested land to clear it for agriculture?
(c) What initiative encourages planting trees on barren lands to restore the ecosystem?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two benefits of conserving water resources in India.

(ii) Distinguish between traditional and modern methods of irrigation.

(iii) (a) Name a method of irrigation used to minimize water wastage.

(b) Give two conditions under which this method of irrigation is effective.

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(iv) (a) What is meant by surface water conservation?

(b) Mention two ways in which surface water is conserved in India.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India’s bauxite and manganese reserves play a vital role in the country’s industrial production, especially in
aluminum manufacturing and steel strengthening. The country is also taking significant steps to reduce its
carbon footprint by expanding its solar and wind energy capacity.
(a) Why is bauxite important for aluminum production?
(b) Mention two industries that rely heavily on manganese.

(ii) With reference to India’s large dams, answer the following:

(a) On which river is the Hirakud Dam constructed?
(b) Name one state that benefits from the Hirakud hydropower project.

(iii) (a) Name one advantage of using petroleum as an energy source.

(b) What is one disadvantage of petroleum for the environment?
(c) In which regions of India are petroleum reserves primarily located?

(iv)

(a) Identify the type of energy generated by decomposing organic matter in a biogas plant.
(b) Mention one environmental benefit of using bio-gas over conventional fuels.
(c) Why is biogas generation particularly suitable for rural areas in India?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two reasons why shifting cultivation is declining in India.

(ii) (a) State one difference between plantation farming and mixed farming.
(b) Name the leading state in the production of groundnut in India.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 05 Page 7

(iii) With reference to the cultivation of rice, answer the following:

(a) Name a soil type best suited for rice cultivation.
(b) Name two high-yielding varieties of rice in India.
(c) Give one reason why rice is the staple food crop of India.

(iv) A farmer in Maharashtra is involved in mustard cultivation.

(a) Name the process of extracting oil from mustard seeds.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions required for mustard cultivation.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between Cotton textile industry and Jute industry.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the cotton textile industry boosts India’s economy.

(iii) With reference to agro-based industries, answer the following:

(a) State a reason why cotton textile is called the “king of fabrics.”
(b) Why is cotton cultivation concentrated in specific regions of India?
(c) Name any two regions where silk is produced in India.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Cotton textiles are essential for the Indian fashion industry.
(b) The sugar industry provides a vital raw material for other industries.
(c) Silk production is supported by favorable climatic conditions in certain areas.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two advantages of using railways.

(ii) Airways have contributed to the expansion of India’s tourism sector. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which type of water transport is commonly used for inland navigation?
(b) Name the authority responsible for regulating air traffic control in India.
(c) Which waterway is used for international shipping in India?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Railways are crucial for transporting agricultural products in India.
(b) Airways are critical for emergency medical services.
(c) Roadways are the most widely used mode of transport in India.

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QUESTION 12.

(i) What is the effect of waste accumulation on the following?

(a) Soil quality
(b) Groundwater

(ii) Why is reusing materials important for conserving natural resources?

(iii) A river near a city is polluted by industrial waste and plastic materials, causing a severe decline in aquatic
biodiversity.
(a) Which waste management method could have prevented the pollution of the river?
(b) Mention one measure you can adopt at home to reduce single-use plastic waste.
(c) State one way in which electronic waste can be safely disposed of.

(iv) (a) What is recycling?

(b) Enumerate two advantages of reducing waste through responsible consumption.

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Sample Paper 06
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following questions.

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .222 in the central part of the map extract.
(b) What are the black dots in the river of the North-Western quarter of the map extract?

(ii) If Raju drive in a straight line from 02 West to 05 West in a car travelling at a speed of 5 km/hr, what is
the approximate time he would take to reach his destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Jagol (2003) to Santanwada (2508)?
(b) What types of landforms are visible in the Southern part of the provided topographic map?

(iv) (a) After a decade-long absence, Misha was pleasantly surprised by the progress in her hometown dantiwada
(2892) and its surroundings. What visible indications or apparent changes serve as compelling evidence
of the region’s development and growth, leaving her delighted upon her return?
(b) What is the red vertical line made between the North 85 and 86?

(v) Mention two man-made and two natural features in the grid square 2792.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map of India provided
(a) Mark and label Nilgiri hills
(b) Shade and label Himalayan Mountains in India
(c) Mark with bold line Eastern Ghats

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(d) Mark an off shore oilfield in India

(e) Label the River Kosi
(f) Label the River Tapi
(g) Shade and name a densely populated state in South India
(h) Mark and name the winds which bring rain in winter to the Coromandel coast
(i) Shade and label a region which has saline and desert type of soils
(j) Mark the city Mumbai

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) How does an organic material decompose in the buried solid waste?
(a) By the action of micro-organisms (b) By the action of oxidation
(c) By the soil particles (d) By the flow of water

(ii) Alpine vegetation is a type of which of the following natural vegetations?

(a) Tropical evergreen forests
(b) Tidal forests
(c) Montane forests
(d) Tropical deciduous forests

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(iii) Himalayas: Northern boundary of India

(a) Vindhya Range: Central India
(b) Deccan Plateau: Southern India
(c) Ganga River: Flows through northern plains
(d) Western Ghats: Western edge of the Deccan Plateau

(iv) Chos is a............

(a) a trade union (b) a tribe
(c) a type of farming (d) a type of small seasonal streams in Punjab plain

(v) Soil erosion is common in which of the following states?

(a) West Bengal (b) Himachal Pradesh
(c) Rajasthan (d) Uttarakhard

(vi) Assertion (A): Nuclear energy is generated through the process of nuclear fission.
Reason (R): Nuclear energy is a renewable source of energy and can be replenished naturally.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(vii) Kharif crops are grown during the months of.............

(a) September-October (b) June- July
(c) March- April (d) December-January

(viii) Paper mill is an example of...........type of industry.

(a) large scale (b) medium scale
(c) small scale (d) None of these

(ix) There are............Railway zones in India.

(a) 12 (b) 14
(c) 16 (d) 18

(x) Identify the type of plant shown in the image, which is commonly used in the practice of sericulture.

(a) Tea bush (b) Mulberry bush

(c) Coffee bush (d) Cotton plant

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) The distribution of winds in India during different seasons significantly affects the country’s weather and
climate. During winter, cold winds dominate much of northern India, while summer winds bring a surge in
temperatures.
(a) As a student of Geography, explain why the direction of winds changes with the seasons in India.
(b) During which season are onshore winds more common in India, and what is their significance?

(ii) What is the source of summer rainfall in each of the following areas?
(a) Western Ghats
(b) Rajasthan

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) Coastal areas in India experience more moderate temperatures compared to inland regions.
(b) The Thar Desert influences the climate of northwestern India.
(c) The Bay of Bengal contributes to rainfall in eastern India during the monsoon season.

(iv) Study the climatic data of two citis of India provided below and answer the questions that follow.

Station Station A Station B

Month Tempe-rature Rainfall Tempe-rature Rainfall
(°C) (cm) (°C) (cm)
Jan 22.1 1.1 27.1 2.4
Feb 24.0 1.2 27.6 2.0
Mar 28.2 0.6 28.5 2.9
Apr 32.8 0.1 28.4 12.1
May 34.8 0.8 28.2 20.0
Jun 27.9 15.2 26.3 30.0
Jul 27.6 22.5 26.0 17.7
Aug 26.7 23.6 25.9 15.1
Sep 27.9 10.8 26.2 17.8
Oct 27.1 4.4 26.2 22.2
Nov 23.9 1.8 26.1 20.7
Dec 21.5 0.9 26.8 5.2

(a) Calculate the annual range of temperature of Station B.

(b) What is the total rainfall received by Station A?
(c) Does Station B have a maritime or continental climate? Give a reason for your answer.

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QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in Gujarat grows cotton on a soil that retains moisture well, while another in Tamil Nadu struggles
to grow wheat in a soil that hardens quickly.
(a) Identify the two soils being described.
(b) Suggest why the farmer in Gujarat benefits from his soil type.

(ii) With reference to soil erosion, answer the following questions:

(a) Mention two climatic factors that cause soil erosion.
(b) List two methods that can be used to prevent soil erosion on river banks.

(iii) With reference to Red Soil, answer the following:

(a) What are the main components that give Red Soil its color?
(b) Why is Red Soil less fertile compared to Black Soil?
(c) Name two areas where Red Soil is commonly found in India.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Laterite Soil is used for plantation crops like tea and coffee.
(b) Black Soil cracks in the dry season.
(c) Alluvial Soil is excellent for paddy cultivation.

QUESTION 6.

(i) Manish visited a high-altitude area with coniferous trees.

(a) Which natural vegetation zone did he come across?
(b) Mention one Indian state where mountain forests are found.

(ii) (a) What are the economic uses of tropical evergreen forests?
(b) How do desert plants survive extreme water scarcity?

(iii) Give three reasons why forests are important for soil conservation.

(iv) (a) Name a forest conservation strategy that involves afforestation.

(b) What is the impact of the ‘slash and burn’ method on forest areas?
(c) What practice ensures sustainable harvesting of forest resources?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two reasons why rainwater harvesting is important in urban areas.

(ii) Distinguish between flood irrigation and drip irrigation.

(iii) (a) Name a state in India where canal irrigation is most commonly practiced.
(b) Mention two geographical factors that favor canal irrigation in this state.

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(iv) (a) What is meant by artificial recharge of groundwater?

(b) Mention two methods used to artificially recharge groundwater in India.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India’s mineral resources like iron ore, copper, and bauxite are essential to its industrial and economic
development. The widespread distribution of these minerals across various states supports steel production,
electrical goods manufacturing, and aluminum refining, making India a key player in global markets.
(a) Why is iron ore critical for India’s steel industry?
(b) Mention two uses of copper in the electrical industry.

(ii) With reference to the Bhakra Nangal Dam project, answer the following:
(a) On which river is the Bhakra Nangal Dam located?
(b) Mention one advantage of the power generated by this dam.

(iii) (a) What is one benefit of using natural gas over coal?
(b) Name one limitation of natural gas compared to renewable energy sources.
(c) Mention two regions in India with significant natural gas reserves.

(iv)

(a) Identify the type of mineral being shown in the above picture.
(b) Mention why this mineral is widely used for energy production despite environmental concerns.
(c) Why does India have an advantage in the extraction and use of this mineral for energy?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two advantages of mixed farming over other types of farming.

(ii) (a) State one key difference between kharif and rabi crops.
(b) Name the state that is the leading producer of millets in India.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 06 Page 7

(iii) With reference to the cultivation of cotton, answer the following:

(a) Name a soil type suitable for the growth of cotton.
(b) Name two high-quality cotton varieties grown in India.
(c) Give one reason why cotton is important for India’s textile industry.

(iv) A farmer in West Bengal is cultivating jute.

(a) Name the process involved in preparing jute fibers for use.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions necessary for the cultivation of jute.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between Agro-based industries and Service-based industries.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the silk industry is beneficial for India’s economy.

(iii) With reference to agro-based industries, answer the following:

(a) State a reason why silk production is essential for rural livelihoods.
(b) Why is silk cultivation concentrated in southern India?
(c) Name any two leading silk-producing states in India.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Silk production supports traditional craftsmanship.
(b) The sugar industry promotes the development of by-products like ethanol.
(c) Cotton textiles have a significant role in international trade.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two disadvantages of using roadways.

(ii) Railways contribute to reducing traffic congestion in major cities. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which rail gauge is used in areas with difficult terrain?
(b) Name the ministry responsible for the development of road transport in India.
(c) Which port is the largest in India in terms of cargo handling?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Airways are crucial for transporting perishable goods quickly.
(b) Waterways reduce the carbon footprint compared to other transport modes.
(c) Railways are important for the movement of coal and minerals.

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QUESTION 12.

(i) What is the effect of waste accumulation on the following?

(a) Soil quality
(b) Groundwater

(ii) Why is reusing materials important for conserving natural resources?

(iii) A river near a city is polluted by industrial waste and plastic materials, causing a severe decline in aquatic
biodiversity.
(a) Which waste management method could have prevented the pollution of the river?
(b) Mention one measure you can adopt at home to reduce single-use plastic waste.
(c) State one way in which electronic waste can be safely disposed of.

(iv) (a) What is recycling?

(b) Enumerate two advantages of reducing waste through responsible consumption.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 07 Page 1

Sample Paper 07
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part.

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following questions.

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .542 in the South-Eastern part of the map extract.
(b) What are the black brokens lines in the map extract?

(ii) If Shree drive in a straight line from 05 West to 10 West in a bicycle travelling at a speed of 10 km/hr, what
is the approximate time she would take to reach her destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Mahudi Moti (2404) to Kuchawada (2107)?
(b) In which direction river Sipu is flowing?

(iv) (a) After a decade-long absence, Shiv was surprised by the progress in his hometown Pantiawada (2611)
and its surroundings. What visible indications or apparent changes serve as compelling evidence of the
region’s development and growth, leaving her delighted upon her return?
(b) What is the black broken vertical line made between the South 09 and 10?

(v) Mention two man-made and two natural features in the grid square 2611.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map of India provided
(a) Shade and label the Western Ghats
(b) Shade and label the Indo-Gangetic plains
(c) Label the Indus river

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(d) Mark and label a densely populated state in South India

(e) Mark with arrows the direction of the Arabian Sea branch of South-West monsoon
(f) Mark the coalfield of Jharia
(g) Mark and label the Karakoram range
(h) Shade and label an area of red soil in North-East India
(i) Mark and label the city of Mumbai
(j) Mark and label the Andaman Sea.

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) Why is it difficult to recycle plastics?

(a) It is very hard.
(b) It comes in different sizes.
(c) It is adhesive.
(d) It contains different types of polymer resins.

(ii) Which of the following forests are commercially most exploited?

(a) Tropical evergreen (b) Tropical deciduous
(c) Tropical desert (d) Montane forests

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(iii) Coal: Fossil Fuel

(a) Natural Gas: Renewable Resource (b) Petroleum: Solid State
(c) Hydel Power: Renewable Energy (d) Geothermal: Non-renewable Energy

(iv) Which state of the Peninsular India tops in the production of paddy?
(a) Kerala (b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Karnataka (d) Andhra Pradesh

(v) An example of the joint sector company is_______.

(a) Hindustan Lever Limited (b) Bajaj Auto Limited
(c) Tata Consultancy Services (d) Ipitata Sponge Iron Ltd

(vi) Assertion (A): Winter monsoons blow from the northeast direction, bringing dry winds to most parts of
India.
Reason (R): During the winter season, high pressure develops over the Indian subcontinent, causing winds
to blow from land to sea.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(vii) Varanasi is famous for______.

(a) cotton (b) wool
(c) silk (d) synthetic fiber

(viii) ______is the second most important staple food in India.

(a) Rice (b) Wheat
(c) Jowar (d) Bajra

(ix) ______provides door-to-door service.

(a) Roadways (b) Railways
(c) Pipelines (d) Airways

(x) The image above shows a manufacturing unit related to which industry?

(a) Jute Industry (b) Cotton Textile Industry

(c) Sugar Industry (d) Steel Industry

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) The seasonal wind patterns in India are closely linked to the monsoon mechanism. These winds play a key
role in the amount and timing of rainfall across different regions of the country.
(a) As a student of Geography, discuss how the monsoon winds differ between the summer and retreating
monsoon seasons.
(b) During which months does the Indian subcontinent experience the retreating monsoon, and what
impact does this have on southern India?

(ii) What is the source of summer rainfall in each of the following areas?
(a) Western Ghats
(b) Rajasthan

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) The Western Ghats cause heavy rainfall on the windward side but a rain shadow effect on the leeward
side.
(b) Central India experiences a more arid climate compared to coastal regions.
(c) The retreating monsoon leads to cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal.

(iv) Study the climatic data of two cities of India provided below and answer the questions that follows.

Station Station A Station B

Month Tempe-rature Rainfall Tempe-rature Rainfall
(°C) (cm) (°C) (cm)
Jan 26.0 0.0 14.0 0.3
Feb 26.5 0.1 16.8 0.4
Mar 28.1 0.0 23.2 0.8
Apr 29.3 0.1 30.0 0.5
May 30.1 5.5 33.8 3.1
Jun 27.5 89.0 35.0 4.2
Jul 26.3 85.0 31.3 10.6
Aug 26.1 61.4 31.0 7.2
Sep 27.1 22.6 30.4 3.4
Oct 30.3 10.5 27.4 0.4
Nov 27.6 2.2 21.2 0.2
Dec 26.9 0.0 16.1 0.1
(a) Calculate the annual range of temperature of Station A.
(b) What is the total rainfall received by Station B?
(c) On which coast is Station A situated? Name the rains that bring rainfall to this region.

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QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in West Bengal benefits from fertile, fine-textured soil, while another farmer in a plateau region
struggles with poor yields due to rocky soil conditions.
(a) Identify the two soils being described.
(b) Why does the farmer in West Bengal have better crop yields?

(ii) With reference to soil erosion, answer the following questions:

(a) Name two physical factors that contribute to soil erosion.
(b) Suggest two techniques for reducing soil erosion in coastal areas.

(iii) With reference to Black Soil, answer the following:

(a) What is the origin of Black Soil in India?
(b) Why is Black Soil suitable for dry farming?
(c) Name two crops that grow well in Black Soil.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Red Soil is more common in peninsular India.
(b) Laterite Soil requires high rainfall for its formation.
(c) Alluvial Soil has a rich deposit of minerals, making it highly fertile.

QUESTION 6.

(i) While visiting the Sundarbans, Priya saw trees with stilt roots growing in swampy areas.
(a) What type of vegetation did she come across?
(b) Where else in India can such vegetation be found?

(ii) (a) Why are tropical desert plants able to survive in dry and arid conditions?
(b) How do mountain forests vary with altitude?

(iii) Provide three reasons why forests are essential for carbon sequestration.

(iv) (a) What role does agroforestry play in forest conservation?

(b) Which ancient agricultural practice led to the loss of forest cover in tribal areas?
(c) What conservation process is focused on restoring forests by planting diverse tree species?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two reasons for the growing need to conserve groundwater in India.

(ii) Distinguish between check dams and percolation tanks.

(iii) (a) Name a method used to increase groundwater levels in arid areas.
(b) Give two benefits of this method for farmers.

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(iv) (a) What is meant by groundwater recharge?

(b) Mention two reasons why groundwater recharge is important for sustainable agriculture.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India’s vast mineral wealth includes significant reserves of bauxite, manganese, and copper, all of which
are critical for industrial development. Additionally, the country is focusing on expanding its use of non-
conventional energy sources like bio-gas and wind power to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve
energy security.
(a) Why is copper essential for India’s electrical industry?
(b) Mention two uses of bauxite in the manufacturing sector.

(ii) With reference to the Hirakud Dam project, answer the following:
(a) On which river is the Hirakud Dam built?
(b) Name one benefit of the electricity produced by this dam for nearby states.

(iii) (a) Mention one advantage of using coal for electricity production.
(b) Name one environmental issue caused by coal use.
(c) In which Indian states are coal deposits most abundant?

(iv)

(a) Identify the type of energy being harnessed in the above picture.
(b) Mention one major advantage of this form of energy over fossil fuels.
(c) Why does India have great potential in producing this type of energy?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two reforms introduced by the government to promote sustainable agriculture in India.

(ii) (a) State one major difference between shifting cultivation and plantation farming.
(b) Name the leading state in the production of sugarcane in India.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 07 Page 7

(iii) With reference to the cultivation of pulses, answer the following:

(a) Name one soil type ideal for growing pulses.
(b) Name two pulse crops widely grown in India.
(c) Give one reason why pulses are considered a key source of nutrition.

(iv) A farmer in Andhra Pradesh is cultivating groundnut.

(a) Name the process used to extract oil from groundnuts.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions required for groundnut cultivation.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between Iron and Steel industry and Petrochemical industry.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the iron and steel industry is important for India’s infrastructure development.

(iii) With reference to mineral-based industries, answer the following:

(a) State a reason why iron and steel are known as the backbone of industrial development.
(b) Why is the iron and steel industry located close to coal and iron ore mines?
(c) Name any two iron and steel plants in India.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Bhilai Steel Plant plays a significant role in India’s steel production.
(b) Petrochemical industries are essential for the production of plastics.
(c) Electronics manufacturing is growing rapidly due to rising demand for consumer goods.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two advantages of using waterways.

(ii) Roadways play a significant role in the growth of the agricultural economy. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which type of road is most commonly used for short-distance travel within cities?
(b) Name the organization responsible for the regulation of Indian railways.
(c) Which national highway connects Delhi to Kolkata?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Railways are cost-effective for long-distance travel.
(b) Airways are vital for business travelers.
(c) Roadways are more flexible in reaching rural areas.

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QUESTION 12.

(i) What is the impact of waste accumulation on the following?

(a) Public health
(b) Wildlife habitats

(ii) Why is recycling considered a key component of sustainable waste management?

(iii) In a city, uncollected waste was left on the streets, leading to the spread of diseases and contamination of
nearby water sources. The waste consisted of plastics, metals, and food scraps.
(a) Which method of waste management would have prevented this contamination?
(b) Mention one measure you can adopt in school to reduce food waste.
(c) State one way in which metal waste can be repurposed.

(iv) (a) What are the environmental risks associated with open dumping?
(b) Enumerate two advantages of segregating waste at the source.

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Sample Paper 08
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part.

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following questions.

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for 194 in the Eastern part of the map extract.
(b) What are the brown patches in the North-West quarter of the map extract?

(ii) Ram goes on bicycle from 04 to northing to 12 northing in a straight line. If he moves at a speed of 5 km/
hr, how much time will he take to reach his destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Vadodara (2804) to Rampura (2805)?
(b) What is the nature of the streams seen in given map?

(iv) (a) A person returned to his village (2403) after few years and he observed some development around his
village. What according to you show that the area around his village has developed?
(b) What is the black vertical line made between the easting 34 and 35?

(v) Mention any two man-made and two natural features in the grid 3486.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map of India provided
(a) Shade and label the Satpura Mountain range
(b) Shade and label the Coromandel plains
(c) Label the Jhelum river
(d) Mark and label the Chilika lake

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(e) Mark and label the Nathu La Pass

(f) Mark with arrows the direction of the winds which cause cyclones to occur in Andhra Pradesh and
Odisha during October-November
(g) Label the Satluj river
(h) Shade an area of Black soil in Gujarat
(i) Mark and label the city of Bengaluru
(j) Mark and label a densely populated state in India.

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) Which of the following forest have not be exploited fully?

(a) Tidal Forest (b) Tropical Evergreen Forest
(c) Tropical Deciduous Forest (d) Mountain Forest.

(ii) ______factors are not necessary to set up an iron and steel plant.
(a) Good resources of limestone and manganese
(b) Nearness to a water body to discharge wastes
(c) Availability of coking coal
(d) Proximity to iron-ore mines

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(iii) Petroleum: Transportation Fuel

(a) Coal: Electricity Generation (b) Natural Gas: Heating
(c) Hydel Power: Industrial Waste (d) Solar Energy: Fossil Fuel

(iv) Time determines the_____.

(a) rate of weathering (b) accumulation of dust particles in
(c) rate of human formation (d) thickness of a soil profile

(v) Koderma in Jharkhand is leading producer of______

(a) bauxite (b) iron ore
(c) copper (d) mica

(vi) Assertion (A): Dumping waste in landfills is the most environmentally friendly method of waste disposal.
Reason (R): Landfills can cause leaching of toxic substances into the soil and groundwater.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, R is false.
(d) A is false, R is true.

(vii) In which state terrace farming is practiced?

(a) Plains of Uttar Pradesh (b) Uttarakhand
(c) Punjab (d) Haryana

(viii) Magnetite is the finest ironore with a very high content of iron up to______
(a) 50 per cent (b) 30 per cent
(c) 70 per cent (d) 40 per cent

(ix) Wheat requires_____of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season.
(a) 85 to 130 cm (b) 25 to 50 cm
(c) 75 to 100 cm (d) 50 to 75 cm

(x)

The vegetation shown in the image is most likely from which type of forest?
(a) Coniferous Forest
(b) Mangrove Forest
(c) Deciduous Forest
(d) Tropical Evergreen Forest

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) India’s climate is primarily influenced by the monsoon system, which brings varying rainfall and temperature
across different regions. The geographical diversity of India also affects the climate of each area.
(a) As a student of Geography, explain how the latitude of India influences the temperature variation
during the summer season.
(b) During which months does India experience the monsoon retreat, and what are its effects on the eastern
coastal regions?

(ii) What are the primary causes of seasonal winds in each of the following regions?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Kerala

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) North-eastern India receives heavy rainfall during the monsoon season.
(b) The Thar Desert plays a role in the formation of low-pressure areas during summer.
(c) The Himalayas prevent cold winds from Central Asia from affecting southern India in winter.

(iv) Study the climatic data of a city of India provided below and answer the questions that follow.

Station Station A
Month Temperature Rainfall
(°C) (cm)
Jan 6.8 4.2
Feb 7.1 5.5
Mar 10.9 6.1
Apr 15.8 4.0
May 17.8 6.4
Jun 18.0 15.0
Jul 16.8 31.4
Aug 16.6 28.1
Sep 16.0 19.7
Oct 14.3 4.1
Nov 11.3 0.7
Dec 8.5 2.4
(a) Calculate the annual range of temperature of Station A.
(b) What is the total rainfall received by Station A?
(c) Which are the coldest and thewarmest months in this station?

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QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in Madhya Pradesh grows wheat in soil that has good water retention properties, while another in
Andhra Pradesh faces difficulty due to the poor nutrient content of his soil.
(a) Identify the two soils being discussed.
(b) Explain why the farmer in Madhya Pradesh has better wheat yields.

(ii) With reference to soil erosion, answer the following questions:

(a) List two agricultural practices that lead to soil erosion.
(b) Suggest two methods to conserve soil in dry and arid regions.

(iii) With reference to Alluvial Soil, answer the following:

(a) What are the main minerals found in Alluvial Soil?
(b) Why is Alluvial Soil highly productive?
(c) Name two crops commonly grown in Alluvial Soil.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Laterite Soil is found in areas with high temperature and rainfall.
(b) Black Soil is also known as “Cotton Soil”.
(c) Red Soil requires proper fertilization for good yields.

QUESTION 6.

(i) Ramesh along with his friends went to the Western Ghats to see the forest.
(a) Which type of forest is found there?
(b) Name the two states of India where this type of forest are found.

(ii) (a) What is the relation between soil and natural vegetation?
(b) Write temperature characteristics of tropical and sub-tropical vegetation zones.

(iii) Explain three characteristics of Tropical Dry Deciduous forests.

(iv) (a) What are the two main types of farming?

(b) What is the term for the protection and sustainable management of forest resources?
(c) Define afforestation.

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two advantages of using drip irrigation in dry areas.

(ii) Distinguish between surface water irrigation and rain-fed agriculture.

(iii) (a) Name one state in India where the sprinkler irrigation system is commonly used.
(b) Mention two reasons why sprinkler irrigation is suitable for this state.

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(iv) (a) What is meant by the watershed management approach?

(b) Mention two practices followed in watershed management.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India is among the top producers of iron ore, bauxite, and manganese, all of which are crucial for its
industrial base. These minerals are distributed across various regions of the country, supporting sectors such
as steel production and aluminum refining. Meanwhile, renewable energy sources like solar and wind are
becoming integral to India’s energy mix.
(a) Why is manganese vital for India’s steel industry?
(b) Mention two regions in India known for bauxite mining.

(ii) With reference to India’s hydel power projects, answer the following:
(a) On which river is the Bhakra Nangal Dam built?
(b) Mention one state that benefits from the electricity generated by the Bhakra Nangal Dam.

(iii) (a) Name one use of petroleum in India’s energy sector.

(b) Mention one environmental drawback of using petroleum.
(c) In which Indian regions is petroleum primarily found?

(iv)

(a) Identify the type of energy being processed in the above picture.
(b) Mention one reason why this energy source is considered cleaner compared to coal.
(c) Why is this form of energy important for India’s industrial development?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two types of reforms introduced to modernize Indian agriculture.

(ii) (a) State one key difference between intensive farming and shifting cultivation.
(b) Name the leading state in the production of tea in India.

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(iii) With reference to the cultivation of oilseeds, answer the following:

(a) Name one soil type suitable for the growth of oilseeds.
(b) Name two major oilseeds cultivated in India.
(c) Give one reason why oilseeds are a significant part of India’s agricultural exports.

(iv) A farmer in Punjab is growing wheat.

(a) Name the process used to thresh wheat after harvesting.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions essential for wheat cultivation.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between Iron and Steel industry and Electronics industry.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the electronics industry contributes to India’s technological advancement.

(iii) With reference to mineral-based industries, answer the following:

(a) State a reason for the growth of the electronics industry in recent times.
(b) Why is the iron and steel industry crucial for heavy machinery manufacturing?
(c) Name any two petrochemical products produced in India.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) TISCO is one of the oldest and most important steel plants in India.
(b) Petrochemical industries are important for producing fertilizers and synthetic fibers.
(c) The electronics industry is growing due to the increased demand for IT hardware.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two disadvantages of using roadways.

(ii) Airways have enhanced India’s international trade relations. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which type of waterway is used for moving goods over large rivers?
(b) Name the government agency responsible for the management of airports in India.
(c) Which railway connects New Delhi to Mumbai?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Waterways are suitable for transporting heavy machinery.
(b) Roadways are crucial for connecting urban and rural markets.
(c) Airways reduce travel time significantly for long-distance journeys.

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QUESTION 12.

(i) How does improper disposal of plastic waste impact the following?
(a) Marine life
(b) Soil fertility

(ii) Why is it important to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills?

(iii) A coastal town experiences pollution from waste dumped into the ocean. Marine animals are found entangled
in plastic, and toxic chemicals from the waste affect the local fishing industry.
(a) Which method of waste management would have minimized this marine pollution?
(b) Mention one measure you can take to reduce plastic waste in everyday life.
(c) State one way in which glass waste can be recycled.

(iv) (a) What are the negative consequences of burning waste in open areas?
(b) Enumerate two benefits of using organic waste for composting.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 09 Page 1

Sample Paper 09
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part.

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following questions.

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .183 in the Eastern part of the map extract.
(b) What are the bold red lines in the North-West quarter of the map extract?

(ii) If Sita were to drive in a straight line from 03 easting to 08 easting in a car travelling at a speed of 5 km/
hr, what is the approximate time she would take to reach her destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Bhilachal (3605) to Hariyawada (3603)?
(b) What types of landforms are visible in the Southern half of the provided topographic map?

(iv) (a) After a decade-long absence, Meera was pleasantly surprised by the progress in her hometown Hariyawada
(3603) and its surroundings. What visible indications or apparent changes serve as compelling evidence
of the region’s development and growth, leaving Meera delighted upon her return.
(b) What is the black horizantal line made between the easting 08 and 07?

(v) Mention two man-made and two natural features in the grid square 2508.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map of India provided
(a) Mark and label the Andaman sea
(b) Mark and label Western Ghats
(c) Mark an area with laterite soil below the Tropic of Cancer

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(d) Mark and name Mumbai

(e) Mark and name the state having minimum density of population
(f) Mark and label a coal field in Jharkhand
(g) Mark the direction of South-West monsoon
(h) Mark and label Kaveri river
(i) Mark and label the Karakoram range
(j) Mark and label Thar Desert

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) The plants which have stilted and hanging breathing roots are called
(a) Mangrove Forests
(b) Coniferous Forests
(c) Tropical Rain Forests
(d) Tropical Deciduous Forests

(ii) Sedimentary rocks on the Western and Eastern flanks of the Peninsula, in Gujarat and______have most
of the petroleum deposits.
(a) Telangana (b) Maharashtra
(c) Assam (d) Madhya Pradesh

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(iii) Textile Industry: Cotton and Silk

(a) Agro-Based Industry: Iron (b) Mineral-Based Industry: Sugar
(c) Agro-Based Industry: Textiles (d) Mineral-Based Industry: Electronics

(iv) The method of growing long strips of grass between crops refers to______.
(a) Contour ploughing (b) Strip cropping
(c) Terrace farming (d) Crop rotation

(v) Rice is a Kharif crop that requires high temperature (above 25°C) and high humidity with annual rainfall
above______.
(a) 200 cm (b) 150 cm
(c) 100 cm (d) 50 cm

(vi) Assertion (A): Composting is a method of waste disposal that converts organic waste into manure.
Reason (R): Composting requires the segregation of organic waste from inorganic waste.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, R is false.
(d) A is false, R is true.

(vii) _____are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.
(a) Light industries (b) Heavy industries
(c) Cooperative sector industries (d) Public sector companies

(viii) Which of the following is the oldest and the most common method used to dump solid wastes?
(a) Landfill (b) Ocean
(c) River (d) None of these

(ix) ______is the headquarters of a railway zone.

(a) Imphal (b) Itanagar
(c) Maligaon (d) Durgapur

(x) What type of farming is depicted in the image?

(a) Commercial Farming (b) Shifting Cultivation

(c) Subsistence Farming (d) Organic Farming

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) The rainfall pattern in India is affected by several factors, including the presence of mountain ranges,
proximity to the sea, and the seasonal movement of winds. The monsoon brings about a dramatic shift in
the country’s climate.
(a) As a Geography student, explain why regions in the rain shadow of the Western Ghats receive lower
rainfall during the monsoon season.
(b) During which season does India receive rainfall due to western disturbances, and what impact does it
have on agriculture?

(ii) What is the source of monsoon rainfall in each of the following regions?
(a) Northeast India
(b) Western Coast of India

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) Northern India experiences a higher temperature range compared to southern India.
(b) The Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall during the monsoon due to their location.
(c) Southern India remains relatively unaffected by winter winds.

(iv) Study the climatic data given below and answer the questions that follow.

Station Station A
Month Temperature (°C) Rainfall (cm)
Jan 24.6 2.8
Feb 25.7 1.8
Mar 28.0 1.3
Apr 30.0 1.8
May 30.5 4.5
Jun 30.7 5.1
Jul 30.9 8.7
Aug 30.0 11.3
Sep 29.8 12.4
Oct 28.0 28.1
Nov 26.0 35.0
Dec 24.6 13.9

(a) Calculate the annual range of temperature of Station A.

(b) What is the total rainfall received by Station A?
(c) Which is the driest month in this Station?

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QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in Andhra Pradesh grows millet on a soil that is porous and has a reddish tint, while another
farmer in the Indo-Gangetic plains grows wheat in fertile soil that is rich in silt.
(a) Identify the two types of soil being discussed.
(b) Explain why the farmer in the Indo-Gangetic plains has higher productivity.

(ii) With reference to soil erosion in India, answer the following:

(a) Mention two forms of soil erosion that are common in India.
(b) Suggest two methods for preventing soil erosion in desert regions.

(iii) With reference to Laterite Soil, answer the following:

(a) How does high rainfall contribute to the formation of Laterite Soil?
(b) Why is Laterite Soil suitable for plantation crops?
(c) Name two states where Laterite Soil is extensively found.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Alluvial Soil is ideal for the cultivation of rice and wheat.
(b) Red Soil requires additional fertilizers for better crop yields.
(c) Black Soil is prone to cracking in dry weather.

QUESTION 6.

(i) In a coastal region, Suman came across salt-tolerant plants growing in waterlogged soil.
(a) What type of vegetation is she observing?
(b) Mention a coastal region in India where this vegetation is found.

(ii) (a) Why are tropical deciduous forests the most exploited for timber production?
(b) How does desert vegetation adapt to low rainfall and high temperatures?

(iii) Explain three reasons why forest conservation helps in preventing floods.

(iv) (a) What community-led initiative aids in the sustainable use of forests?
(b) How did the ‘Jhum’ cultivation method affect the forest ecosystems in North-East India?
(c) What process involves planting a combination of native tree species to restore a deforested area?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two ways in which water harvesting helps in mitigating water shortages.

(ii) Distinguish between wells and tube wells.

(iii) (a) Name a state in India where groundwater irrigation is predominant.

(b) Mention two factors that favor the use of groundwater irrigation in this state.

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(iv) (a) What is meant by drip irrigation?

(b) Mention two advantages of drip irrigation for water conservation.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India’s vast reserves of copper, bauxite, and manganese are critical to its industrial development. Copper
is used widely in electrical applications, while bauxite is essential for aluminum production. At the same
time, the country is heavily investing in non-conventional energy sources like wind and tidal power to meet
its future energy needs.
(a) Why is copper important for India’s electrical industry?
(b) Mention two states in India known for their manganese reserves.

(ii) With reference to the Hirakud Dam, answer the following:

(a) On which river is the Hirakud Dam located?
(b) Mention one state that benefits from the power generated by this project.

(iii) (a) What is one advantage of natural gas over coal?

(b) Name one limitation of using natural gas for energy.
(c) Mention two states in India that have natural gas reserves.

(iv)

(a) Identify the material shown in the above picture.

(b) Mention one major industrial use of this material.
(c) Why is this material preferred over others in electrical wiring or industrial applications?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two significant challenges faced by farmers in the extensive farming system.

(ii) (a) State one major difference between zayad and kharif crops.
(b) Name the state that is the leading producer of coffee in India.

(iii) With reference to the cultivation of millets, answer the following:

(a) Name a soil type suitable for the growth of millets.
(b) Name two popular varieties of millets grown in India.
(c) Give one reason why millets are considered climate-resilient crops.

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(iv) A farmer in Tamil Nadu is cultivating rice.

(a) Name the process used to husk rice after harvesting.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions needed for rice cultivation.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between Petrochemical industry and Electronics industry.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the petrochemical industry supports other sectors of the economy.

(iii) With reference to mineral-based and petrochemical industries, answer the following:
(a) State a reason why the petrochemical industry is closely linked to oil refineries.
(b) Why is the steel industry essential for automobile manufacturing?
(c) Name any two petrochemical refineries in India.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Rourkela Steel Plant is strategically located near coal and iron ore deposits.
(b) The petrochemical industry is vital for producing everyday household items.
(c) The growth of electronics manufacturing is driven by innovation and digitalization.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two disadvantages of using airways.

(ii) Roadways are instrumental in the development of remote areas in India. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which type of waterway is used for shipping along India’s coasts?
(b) Name the government body responsible for road transport safety in India.
(c) Which major airport serves as the primary hub for domestic flights in India?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Railways are a cost-effective option for bulk goods.
(b) Airways are essential for rapid movement of important documents and goods.
(c) Waterways provide a safer alternative to road transport in flood-prone areas.

QUESTION 12.

(i) How does improper waste management affect the following?

(a) Urban infrastructure
(b) Public health systems

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(ii) Why is reusing materials better for the environment than producing new ones?

(iii) A residential area is suffering from noise and air pollution due to the improper disposal of construction
waste, which also poses health risks to the residents.
(a) Which method of waste management would have minimized this construction waste?
(b) Mention one measure you can adopt in school to promote recycling of paper products.
(c) State one way in which construction waste can be recycled for future use.

(iv) (a) What is the impact of toxic waste on freshwater ecosystems?

(b) Enumerate two advantages of implementing recycling programs in schools.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 10 Page 1

Sample Paper 10
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part.

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following questions

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .302 in the Eastern part of the map extract.
(b) What are the hair like red lines in the North-Easting quarter of the map extract?

(ii) If Shyam drive in a straight line from 05 easting to 08 easting in a car travelling at a speed of 5 km/hr, what
is the approximate time she would take to reach his destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Dhibril (4307) to Padar (4410)?
(b) What types of landforms an: visible in the Western half of the provided topographic map?

(iv) (a) After a decade-long absence Surya was pleasantly surprised by the progress in his hometown Padar
(4410) and its surroundings. What visible indications, or apparent changes serve as compelling evidence
of the region’s development and growth, leaving him delighted upon his return?
(b) What is the black horizantal line made between the easting 22 and 23?

(v) Mention two man-made and two natural features in the grid square 2101.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map of India provided
(a) Label the Chambal river
(b) Shade an Eastern state having red soil
(c) Label the main tributary of the Ganga river

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(d) Mark and label the Gulf of Khambhat

(e) Mark and label the North-Eastern state which has population density below 100
(f) Mark and label Delhi
(g) Mark and label the iron ore field in Jharkhand
(h) Shade an area of Alluvial soil on the Southern side of Peninsular India
(i) Label the River Godavari
(j) Label the Brahmaputra river

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) Railway diesel engines are manufactured in Uttar Pradesh at______.

(a) Lucknow (b) Naraura
(c) Allahabad (d) Varanasi

(ii) Rosewood is an example of species of which of the following forests?

(a) Tropical deciduous
(b) Tropical evergreen
(c) Tropical desert
(d) Mangrove

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 10 Page 3

(iii) Littoral Forests: Coastal Areas

(a) Tropical Evergreen Forests: Found in Dry Regions
(b) Mountain Vegetation: Found in Snowy Regions
(c) Tropical Deciduous Forests: Found in Coastal Regions
(d) Tropical Desert Vegetation: Found in Mountain Regions

(iv) Which of the following types of soil have a marked capacity to retain water?
(a) Desert soil (b) Red soil
(c) Laterite soil (d) Regur soil

(v) The length of the longest National Waterway in India is______km.

(a) 205 (b) 891
(c) 1620 (d) 1890

(vi) Assertion (A): A water divide is identified by contour lines that show a ridge separating two drainage basins.
Reason (R): Water divides typically indicate areas where two rivers or streams flow in opposite directions
from a common high point.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(vii) ______is the second most important staple food in India.

(a) Rice (b) Wheat
(c) Jowar (d) Bajra

(viii) Erosion in Chambal Valley is an example of______erosion.

(a) Rill (b) Leaching
(c) Shore (d) Gully

(ix) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratified form of_____rocks.
(a) sedimentary (b) igneous
(c) metamorphic (d) sandstone

(x) The image shows dense green shrubs. What type of plant is most likely shown in this image?

(a) Pine (b) Yew

(c) Ceda (d) Cypress

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) The climate of India is characterized by four distinct seasons: summer, monsoon, retreating monsoon, and
winter. Each season brings its own pattern of temperature, rainfall, and winds.
(a) As a Geography student, explain the role of the Indian Ocean in affecting India’s climate during the
monsoon season.
(b) During which months does India experience the peak of its summer season, and how does this affect the
northern plains?

(ii) What is the main factor influencing wind direction in each of the following regions during the monsoon?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Odisha

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) Coastal regions in India experience a more moderate climate than inland regions.
(b) The Bay of Bengal contributes to the distribution of rainfall in eastern India during the monsoon.
(c) The retreating monsoon causes rainfall in parts of Tamil Nadu.

(iv) Study the climatic data of two cities of India provided below and answer the questions that follow.

Station Station A Station B

Month Temperature Rainfall Temperature Rainfall
(°C) (cm) (°C) (cm)
Jan 23.5 1.2 14.0 1.5
Feb 25.8 1.2 16.8 2.0
Mar 28.7 1.7 22.0 1.4
Apr 30.5 3.8 28.5 2.0
May 31.9 4.7 32.3 2.5
Jun 31.5 10.0 33.5 7.0
Jul 29.6 13.0 30.8 23.5
Aug 29.5 16.6 30.0 23.0
Sep 29.3 16.0 29.7 11.0
Oct 28.5 18.0 26.5 2.2
Nov 26.5 7.8 20.5 1.0
Dec 24.2 0.4 15.8 0.8

(a) Calculate the annual range of temperature of Station B.

(b) What is the total rainfall received by Station A?
(c) Does Station B has a maritime or continental climate? Give a reason for your answer.

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QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in Maharashtra finds that his soil is rich in clay and retains moisture well, while another farmer
in Rajasthan faces challenges due to poor water retention in sandy soil.
(a) Identify the two types of soil being described.
(b) Explain why the farmer in Maharashtra has better crop growth.

(ii) With reference to soil erosion, answer the following:

(a) Name two areas in India where soil erosion is a major concern.
(b) List two agricultural techniques that help in reducing soil erosion.

(iii) With reference to Red Soil, answer the following:

(a) What gives Red Soil its distinct color?
(b) Why is Red Soil less fertile compared to Alluvial Soil?
(c) Name two crops that grow well in Red Soil.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Black Soil is self-ploughing in nature.
(b) Laterite Soil requires proper fertilization for crop growth.
(c) Alluvial Soil is ideal for growing sugarcane.

QUESTION 6.

(i) Shyam went on a short journey in forest where he found that the tree of rosewood and mahogany.
(a) Name the forest where Shyam went.
(b) What is the average precipitation of this forest?

(ii) (a) Give two examples of states of India which have thorn and scrub forests.
(b) Name two trees/plants found there.

(iii) Enumerate three problems of Indian forestry.

(iv) (a) Why are Deciduous Monsoon forests found on the Eastern part of South India?
(b) Name any two trees species found in the Tropical Evergreen Forests.
(c) From which year is the National Forest Policy in operation?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two reasons why conservation of water resources is crucial for sustainable development.

(ii) Distinguish between sprinkler irrigation and flood irrigation.

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(iii) (a) Name one area in India where rain-fed agriculture is practiced.
(b) Mention two geographical factors that support rain-fed agriculture in this area.

(iv) (a) What is meant by aquifer recharge?

(b) Mention two methods used for aquifer recharge in India.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India’s mineral wealth, including iron ore, bauxite, and copper, forms the backbone of its industrial growth.
Iron ore is vital for steel production, while bauxite is used extensively for making aluminum. India is also
exploring renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and bio-gas to reduce its carbon footprint.
(a) Why is bauxite essential for aluminum production?
(b) Mention two uses of iron ore in the manufacturing sector.

(ii) With reference to India’s hydropower projects, answer the following:

(a) Which river is the Bhakra Nangal Dam built on?
(b) Name one state that benefits from the hydropower generated by this dam.

(iii) (a) What is one advantage of using petroleum for power generation?
(b) Name one environmental disadvantage of petroleum use.
(c) Mention two regions in India known for petroleum extraction.

(iv)

(a) Identify the type of energy being generated by the structure shown in the above picture.
(b) Mention one environmental benefit of using this form of energy.
(c) Why is this form of energy particularly useful for rural areas in India?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two key initiatives by the government to increase agricultural productivity.

(ii) (a) State one key difference between mixed farming and plantation farming.
(b) Name the state that is the leading producer of soya bean in India.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 10 Page 7

(iii) With reference to the cultivation of wheat, answer the following:

(a) Name one soil type suitable for the growth of wheat.
(b) Name any two varieties of wheat grown in India.
(c) Give one reason why wheat is considered a staple crop in northern India.

(iv) A farmer in Kerala is growing spices.

(a) Name the process involved in drying and curing spices after harvest.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions required for growing spices.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between TISCO and Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the iron and steel industry promotes exports in India.

(iii) With reference to mineral-based industries, answer the following:

(a) State a reason for the importance of Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant.
(b) Why is the petrochemical industry significant for India’s industrial growth?
(c) Name any two locations where major electronics industries are set up in India.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Bhilai Steel Plant plays a key role in the defense and infrastructure sectors.
(b) The petrochemical industry helps reduce dependency on natural fibers.
(c) The electronics industry is supported by favorable government policies.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two advantages of using water transport.

(ii) Railways support the movement of goods across India’s diverse landscapes. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which type of road is primarily used for intercity bus services?
(b) Name the government body responsible for the regulation of railways in India.
(c) Which river is commonly used for inland water transport in India?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Airways are necessary for international tourism.
(b) Waterways reduce fuel consumption compared to other transport modes.
(c) Roadways provide quicker last-mile delivery.

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QUESTION 12.

(i) What is the impact of waste dumping on the following?

(a) River ecosystems
(b) Agricultural land

(ii) Why is it essential to educate the public about the need for proper waste disposal?

(iii) A community faces an outbreak of diseases due to the illegal dumping of hazardous waste, which releases
toxic fumes and chemicals into the environment.
(a) Which method of waste management would have prevented the release of toxic substances?
(b) Mention one measure you can take at home to promote the recycling of hazardous waste, such as
batteries.
(c) State one way in which organic waste can be safely disposed of at home.

(iv) (a) What are the long-term effects of not managing biomedical waste properly?
(b) Enumerate two benefits of encouraging the reduction of waste through sustainable practices.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 11 Page 1

Sample Paper 11
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part.

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following questions.

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .399 in the South-Eastern part of the map extract.
(b) What are the brown lines in the South-Eastern quarter of the map extract?

(ii) If Suhana drive in a straight line from 02 easting to 07 easting in a car travelling at a speed of 5 km/hr,
what is the approximate time she would take to reachher destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Moti Bhatamal (3687) to Antroll (3088)?
(b) What types of landforms are visible in the central part of the provided topographic map?

(iv) (a) After a decade-long absence, Misha was pleasantly surprised by the progress in her hometown Moti
Bhatamal (3687) and its surroundings. What visible indications or apparent changes serve as compelling
evidence of the region’s development and growth, leaving her delighted upon her return?
(b) In which direction the river Banas is flowing?

(v) Mention two man-made and two natural features in the grid square 2588.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map of India provided
(a) Locate and label the Mount Kanchenjunga
(b) Label the Krishna river

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(c) Label the Damodar river

(d) Label the Tunghbhadra river
(e) Mark and label the India’s most sparsely populated state
(f) Mark with arrows the direction of the retreating monsoon
(g) Mark and label the coalfield of Jharkhand
(h) Shade an area of Black soil in Gujarat
(i) Shade and label a Western state which has population density between 101-250
(j) Mark and label Mount Godwin Austin (K2)

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) In states like Assam,_____and Odisha, three crops of paddy are grown in a year. These are Aus, Aman
and Boro.
(a) Punjab (b) West Bengal
(c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Haryana

(ii) A thorn forest has an annual rainfall of_______

(a) more than 400 cm (b) 70 cm and below
(c) around 200 cm (d) around 100 cm

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 11 Page 3

(iii) Airways: Fastest Mode of Transport

(a) Roadways: Cheapest Mode (b) Railways: Flexible Routes
(c) Waterways: Slowest Mode (d) Railways: Long-Distance Travel

(iv) Layers in soil are called ?

(a) Sediment lines (b) Annual rings
(c) Horizons (d) Latitudes

(v) Black soil is also known as______.

(a) Bhangar soil (b) Khadar soil
(c) Regur soil (d) Duar soil

(vi) Assertion (A): Rice is predominantly grown in regions with high rainfall.
Reason (R): Rice requires a hot and dry climate for its cultivation.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(vii) When the organic matter present in the sanitary landfill decomposes, it generates______.
(a) hydrogen (b) methane
(c) nitrogen (d) All of these

(viii) _____is not a centre of silk industries.

(a) Aurangabad (b) Mysore
(c) Varanasi (d) Bankura

(ix) The Northern terminal of the North-South corridor is_____

(a) Patna (b) Barhi
(c) Srinagar (d) Kolkata

(x)

Which of the following waste management is practised in the image?

(a) Dumping (b) Segregation
(c) Composting (d) Landfill

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) Monsoon winds are seasonal wind patterns that result from the differential heating of land and sea surfaces.
These winds bring significant changes in weather and are crucial to the monsoon climates in various regions,
including India.
(a) As a student of Geography, explain why the differential heating of land and sea surfaces causes monsoon
winds.
(b) What are the two primary types of monsoon winds that influence India’s weather?

(ii) What is the main characteristic of a tropical monsoon climate in the following areas:
(a) Regions near the equator
(b) Areas experiencing distinct wet and dry seasons

(iii) Give reasons for each of the following:

(a) The South-West monsoon brings heavy rainfall to the Indian subcontinent
(b) The North-East monsoon is responsible for rainfall in parts of South India, particularly Tamil Nadu.

(iv) Study the climatic data of two cities of India provided below and answer the questions that follow.

Station Station A Station B

Month Tempe-rature Rainfall Tempe-rature Rainfall
(°C) (cm) (°C) (cm)
Jan 6.8 4.2 23.5 1.2
Feb 7.1 5.5 25.8 1.2
Mar 10.9 6.1 28.7 1.7
Apr 15.8 4.0 30.5 3.8
May 17.8 6.4 31.9 4.7
Jun 18.0 15.0 31.5 10.0
Jul 16.8 31.4 29.6 13.0
Aug 16.6 28.1 29.5 16.6
Sep 16.0 19.7 29.3 16.0
Oct 14.3 4.1 28.5 18.0
Nov 11.3 0.7 26.5 7.8
Dec. 8.5 2.4 24.2 0.4
(a) What is the annual range of temperature of Station A?
(b) Calculate the total rainfall received by Station B.
(c) In which region of India is Station A likely to be situated? Give a reason for this.

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QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in the Deccan Plateau region cultivates cotton on soil that is dark in color and retains moisture,
while another farmer in the Western Ghats struggles with soil that is nutrient-poor and needs regular
fertilization.
(a) Identify the two soils being discussed.
(b) Suggest why the Deccan Plateau farmer benefits from his soil type.

(ii) With reference to soil conservation, answer the following questions:

(a) Mention two causes of soil erosion due to human activities.
(b) Suggest two methods of conserving soil in mountainous regions.

(iii) With reference to Black Soil, answer the following:

(a) What mineral content makes Black Soil ideal for cotton cultivation?
(b) Why is Black Soil good for dry farming?
(c) Name two regions in India where Black Soil is found.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Alluvial Soil is widely found in river valleys.
(b) Laterite Soil is not suitable for growing cereals.
(c) Red Soil requires careful water management for successful farming.

QUESTION 6.

(i) Sumit went to the forest with his friend where they saw Royal Bengal Tiger.
(a) Name the forests where Sumit went.
(b) Give the name of the state where this forests is found.

(ii) (a) State two ways by which forests help in protecting the environment.
(b) How has the desert vegetation adapted to the climate?

(iii) Explain any three features of the Tropical Desert forests (thorn and scrubs).

(iv) Name the natural vegetation extensively found at the following altitudes.
(a) At lower altitudes between 1000-2000 m.
(b) At altitudes between 1500-3000 m.
(c) At higher reaches of the Himalayas above 3500-4000 m.

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two reasons why surface water is not always sufficient for irrigation in India.

(ii) Distinguish between rain-fed and irrigated agriculture.

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(iii) (a) Name one state in India where rainwater harvesting is highly encouraged.
(b) Mention two factors that make rainwater harvesting effective in this state.

(iv) (a) What is meant by the term ‘water table’ ?

(b) Mention two reasons why the water table is depleting in many parts of India.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India has vast reserves of minerals such as bauxite, iron ore, and manganese, which are essential for its
industrial growth. These minerals support sectors like steel production and aluminum manufacturing. India
is also taking significant steps towards harnessing non-conventional energy sources like wind and solar
energy.
(a) Why is iron ore essential for steel production?
(b) Mention two uses of manganese in the industrial sector.

(ii) With reference to India’s hydel power generation, answer the following:
(a) On which river is the Hirakud Dam located?
(b) Mention one benefit of the electricity generated by the Hirakud Dam.

(iii) (a) What is one advantage of using coal as an energy source?

(b) Mention one environmental concern associated with coal usage.
(c) Name two regions in India with abundant coal reserves.

(iv)

(a) Identify the mineral shown in the above picture.

(b) Mention one key use of this mineral in the industrial sector.
(c) Why is this mineral essential for various manufacturing processes?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two reforms aimed at promoting organic farming in India.

(ii) (a) State one difference between intensive and plantation farming.
(b) Name the state that is the leading producer of mustard in India.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 11 Page 7

(iii) With reference to the cultivation of pulses, answer the following:

(a) Name a soil type that is suitable for the growth of pulses.
(b) Name two important pulses grown in India.
(c) Give one reason why pulses are an essential part of the Indian diet.

(iv) A farmer in Gujarat is growing soya bean.

(a) Name the process used to extract oil from soya beans.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions required for soya bean cultivation.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between iron ore and coal as raw materials for the Iron and Steel industry.

(ii) Explain two ways in which TISCO contributes to India’s industrial growth.

(iii) With reference to mineral-based industries, answer the following:

(a) State a reason why iron and steel production is important for infrastructure development.
(b) Why is the availability of raw materials crucial for steel plant locations?
(c) Name any two major iron and steel plants in India.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Rourkela Steel Plant is significant for its role in the production of special steels.
(b) Petrochemical industries are important for manufacturing synthetic rubber.
(c) The electronics industry is growing due to advancements in communication technology.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two advantages of using railways.

(ii) Waterways are increasingly important for sustainable transport. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which rail gauge is most commonly used in Indian railway networks?
(b) Name the organization responsible for road safety and traffic regulations in India.
(c) Which national highway forms part of the Golden Quadrilateral?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Airways are critical for tourism in remote areas.
(b) Waterways provide an alternative to congested road networks.
(c) Roadways offer better door-to-door service compared to other modes of transport.

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QUESTION 12.

(i) How does waste accumulation contribute to the following?

(a) Air pollution
(b) Climate change

(ii) Why is it important to implement waste segregation practices in urban areas?

(iii) An area near a landfill suffers from groundwater contamination, leading to health issues for local residents.
The landfill contains mixed waste, including chemicals, plastics, and organic matter.
(a) Which method of waste management could have reduced groundwater contamination in this case?
(b) Mention one measure you can adopt to reduce electronic waste at home.
(c) State one way in which paper waste can be reused in schools.

(iv) (a) What is the environmental impact of single-use plastic waste?

(b) Enumerate two advantages of encouraging the use of reusable materials.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 12 Page 1

Sample Paper 12
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part.

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following questions.

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .200 in the North-West part of the map extract.
(b) What are the brown bold lines in the North-Western quarter of the map extract?

(ii) If Ravi drive in a straight line from 05 west to 12 West in a car traveling at a speed of 10 km/hr, what is
the approximate time he would take to reach his destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Vavdhara(4004) to Knara (4098)?

(b) What types of landforms are visible in the Eastern part of the provided topographic map?

(iv) (a) After a decade-long absence, Rani was pleasantly surprised by the progress in her hometown Knara
(4098) and its surroundings. What visible indications or apparent changes serve as compelling evidence
of the region’s development and growth, leaving her delighted upon her return?
(b) What is the single dot red vertical line made between the East 40 and 41?

(v) Mention two man-made and two natural features in the grid square 4410.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map of India provided
(a) Shade and label the Karakoram mountain range
(b) Shade and label the Konkan Coast
(c) Label the Kosi River

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Page 2 Sample Paper 12 NODIA

(d) Shade and label the Gulf of Kutch

(e) Label the Betwa River
(f) Mark with arrows the direction of the winds which bring rain to West Bengal in summer
(g) Mark and label Delhi
(h) Shade and label an area of Black soil
(i) Mark and label the city of Kolkata
(j) Mark and label the most densely populated state of India.

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) Consumer durables are associated with______.

(a) small scale industries (b) large scale industries
(c) cottage industries (d) rural industries

(ii) Which type of forests are found in Chhattisgarh state?

(a) Tropical Evergreen Forests
(b) Tropical Deciduous Forests
(c) Tropical Desert Forests
(d) Montane Forests

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(iii) Chota Nagpur Plateau: Rich in minerals

(a) Indo-Gangetic Plains: Fertile land (b) Thar Desert: Western India
(c) Eastern Ghats: Discontinuous range (d) Deccan Plateau: Large plateau in southern India

(iv) Which of the following types of soil have a marked capacity to retain water?
(a) Desert soil (b) Red soil
(c) Laterite soil (d) Regur soil

(v) The length of the longest National Waterway in India is_____km.

(a) 205 (b) 891
(c) 1620 (d) 1890

(vi) Assertion (A): Wheat is primarily grown during the rabi season in India.
Reason (R): Wheat requires cool temperatures and moderate rainfall for proper growth.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(vii) Land in fertility is the reason of______

(a) soil formation (b) soil colour
(c) soil texture (d) soil erosion

(viii) The places to the North of Tropic of Cancer experience_____type of climate.

(a) continental (b) moderate
(c) oceanic (d) equitorial

(ix) ______method of rice cultivation is popular because it gives a higher yield.

(a) Drilling (b) Transplantation
(c) Japanese (d) Dibbling

(x)

The image shows a field with crops planted in rows. What type of agricultural practice does this image most
likely represent?
(a) Mixed cropping (b) Plantation farming
(c) Organic farming (d) Monoculture

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) India’s geographical features, including its mountains, deserts, and proximity to large water bodies, play a
significant role in determining the country’s climate. The seasonal movement of winds further affects rainfall
distribution.
(a) As a student of Geography, explain why the northern plains of India experience extreme temperatures
in both summer and winter.
(b) During which months does India experience its retreating monsoon, and what are the climatic
characteristics of this season?

(ii) What is the main factor influencing winter temperatures in each of the following areas?
(a) Northern Plains of India
(b) Southern Peninsular India

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) The monsoon winds bring heavy rainfall to the Western Ghats but much less to the Deccan Plateau.
(b) Cyclonic storms during the retreating monsoon often affect the eastern coastal regions.
(c) India’s southern peninsula experiences a more uniform temperature throughout the year.

(iv) Given below is the climatic data of a station. Study the table and answer the questions that follow.

Station Station A
Month Temperature Rainfall
(°C) (cm)
Jan 13.7 2.5
Feb 16.6 2.0
Mar 21.6 1.5
Apr 25.5 0.9
May 33.2 1.5
Jun 33.5 7.5
Jul 30.8 17.8
Aug 29.8 18.5
Sep 29.2 12.5
Oct 25.5 1.0
Nov 19.6 0.2
Dec 15.2 1.5

(a) Calculate the annual range of temperature.

(b) What is the total rainfall experienced by the station?
(c) Which is the driest month?

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QUESTION 5.

(i) A region experiences heavy rainfall throughout the year, supporting dense forest cover, while another area,
with seasonal rainfall, has trees that shed their leaves during dry periods.
(a) Identify the two types of vegetation being discussed.
(b) Suggest a reason why the second region’s trees shed their leaves during dry periods.

(ii) With reference to forest conservation, answer the following questions:

(a) State two reasons why forest conservation is important for maintaining biodiversity.
(b) Mention two methods used to conserve forests in hilly regions.

(iii) With reference to Tropical Evergreen Forests, answer the following:

(a) How are Tropical Evergreen Forests distributed in India?
(b) Why are these forests referred to as “evergreen”?
(c) Name two regions in India where Tropical Evergreen Forests are found.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Tropical Deciduous Forests are also called monsoon forests.
(b) Littoral forests are found along coastlines.
(c) Forest conservation is necessary to maintain ecological balance.

QUESTION 6.

(i) Ravi noticed a fine-textured soil near the river plains, which was light in color and rich in nutrients.
(a) Which type of soil did he encounter?
(b) In which part of India is this soil commonly found?

(ii) (a) Why is alluvial soil considered the most fertile for agriculture in India?
(b) How does the texture of black soil make it suitable for certain crops?

(iii) Mention three major causes of soil erosion in India.

(iv) (a) What agricultural practice can help prevent soil erosion in hilly areas?
(b) What is contour plowing, and how does it help in soil conservation?
(c) What role does afforestation play in preventing soil erosion?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two important uses of iron ore.

(ii) Distinguish between metallic and non-metallic minerals.

(iii) (a) Name a state in India where manganese is abundantly found.

(b) Mention two industrial uses of manganese.

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(iv) (a) What is meant by non-conventional energy sources?

(b) Mention two non-conventional energy sources used in India.

QUESTION 8.

(i) Water resources in India are classified into two main categories: surface water and groundwater. Surface
water includes rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, while groundwater refers to water stored underground in aquifers.
Both these sources are essential for agriculture, drinking, and industrial purposes. The increasing demand
for water makes it crucial to conserve both surface and groundwater.
(a) Why is groundwater an important source of water for rural areas in India?
(b) Mention two examples of surface water sources in India.

(ii) With reference to water conservation practices, answer the following:

(a) What is the primary purpose of rainwater harvesting?
(b) Name one state in India that has made rainwater harvesting compulsory.

(iii) Irrigation is vital for agriculture in India.

(a) What is one major benefit of irrigation for farmers
(b) Name one traditional method of irrigation used in India.
(c) Mention two modern methods of irrigation practiced in India.

(iv)

(a) Identify the method of irrigation being used in the above picture.
(b) Mention one advantage of this method of irrigation for farmers.
(c) Why is this method commonly used in rural agricultural areas?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two reasons why the manufacturing sector is important for the Indian economy.

(ii) (a) State one difference between agro-based and mineral-based industries.
(b) Name one state in India where the cotton textile industry is prominent.

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(iii) With reference to the sugar industry, answer the following:

(a) Name one raw material required for the sugar industry.
(b) Name two major sugar-producing states in India.
(c) Give one reason why the sugar industry is important for rural employment.

(iv) A factory in Gujarat is involved in cotton textile manufacturing.

(a) Name the process of turning cotton fiber into yarn.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions favorable for cotton cultivation.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between Subsistence farming and Commercial farming.

(ii) Explain two problems faced by Indian agriculture today.

(iii) With reference to Indian agriculture, answer the following:

(a) State a reason why agriculture is important for the Indian economy.
(b) Why is mixed farming practiced in some regions of India?
(c) Name any two reforms introduced to improve Indian agriculture.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Shifting cultivation is not sustainable in the long term.
(b) Plantation farming requires large-scale investment and infrastructure.
(c) Intensive farming is commonly practiced in densely populated areas

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two impacts of waste accumulation on the environment.

(ii) Waste management is crucial for reducing pollution and conserving resources. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which method of waste disposal involves the decomposition of organic waste to produce nutrient-rich
compost?
(b) Name the process of sorting waste into different categories for proper disposal or recycling.
(c) Which waste disposal method involves burying waste in large areas of land?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Segregation of waste is essential for effective waste management.
(b) Dumping of waste can lead to the spoilage of the landscape and groundwater contamination.
(c) Recycling waste helps in conserving natural resources.

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QUESTION 12.

(i) How does the development of transport networks impact the following?
(a) Rural-urban connectivity
(b) National integration

(ii) Why are railways considered the most efficient mode of transportation for heavy goods?

(iii) A region that is landlocked is struggling to engage in international trade due to the lack of access to seaports
and limited transport options.
(a) Which mode of transport could improve international trade in this region?
(b) Mention one measure that can be taken to improve inland transport infrastructure.
(c) State one advantage of waterways over airways for transporting bulk goods.

(iv) (a) What are the disadvantages of relying solely on roadways for transportation in a country like India?
(b) Enumerate two advantages of developing railways for long-distance travel.

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Sample Paper 13
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part.

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following questions.

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .201 in the Northern part of the map extract.
(b) What is the black bold line in the North-Western part of the map extract?

(ii) If Raj drive in a straight line from 22 East to 29 East in a car travelling at a speed of 8 km/hr, what is the
approximate time he would take to reach his destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Chitrasani(4486) to Pirojpura (4186)?

(b) What types of landforms are visible in the South-Eastern part of the provided topographic map?

(iv) (a) After a decade long absence, Ishani was pleasantly surprised by the progress in her hometown Chitrasani
(4486) and its surroundings. What visible indications or apparent changes serve as compelling evidence
of the region’s development and growth, leaving her delighted upon her return?
(b) What is the pattern of settlement seen in the grid 2611?

(v) Mention two man-made and two natural features in the grid square 3486.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map of India provided
(a) Shade and label the North-Eastern ranges of the Himalayas.
(b) Shade and label the Indo-Gangetic plains
(c) Label the Tungabhadra river

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(d) Mark and label the Gulf of Khambhat

(e) Mark and label a densely populated State of South India
(f) Mark with arrows the direction of the Bay of Bengal Branch of South-West monsoon
(g) Mark and label an offshore oilfield in the West coast of India.
(h) Shade an area of Alluvial soil in North-East India
(i) Mark and label the city of Delhi
(j) Mark and label Chilika lake

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) Which type of forests occupy the highest percentage of area in India?
(a) Tropical Evergreen Forests (b) Tropical Desert Forests
(c) Montane Forests (d) Tropical Deciduous Forests

(ii) ______are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.
(a) Heavy industries
(b) Light industries
(c) Cooperative sector industries
(d) Public sector companies

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(iii) Roadways: Flexible Transportation

(a) Railways: High Speed (b) Airways: Costly
(c) Waterways: Limited Accessibility (d) Railways: Door-to-Door Service

(iv) Which among the following type of soil has the largest area covered in India?
(a) Black soil (b) Red Soil
(c) Alluvial soil (d) Laterite soil

(v) Black soil is found in_______.

(a) Gujarat (b) Punjab
(c) Haryana (d) West Bengal

(vi) Assertion (A): Shifting agriculture involves cultivating crops in the same plot continuously without resting
the land.
Reason (R): Shifting agriculture is practiced in hilly regions and involves clearing forests for cultivation.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(vii) Roads that link a state capital with different district headquarters are called______.
(a) National Highways (b) District roads
(c) State Highways (d) Rural Road

(viii) If you want to collect municipal waste then which of the following would you put in this category?
(a) Food wastes (b) Wood pieces
(c) Plastic cans (d) All of the above

(ix) The Green revolution was successful in Punjab, Haryana,_____and parts of Rajasthan.
(a) Western Uttar Pradesh (b) Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(c) Madhya Pradesh (d) Gujarat

(x)

The image shows a field with young plants growing on land that appears to have been cleared through
burning. What type of farming technique is most likely being used?
(a) Subsistence farming (b) Shifting cultivation
(c) Commercial farming (d) Organic farming

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) The seasonal variation of winds in India is largely responsible for the distribution of rainfall and temperature
across the country. The Indian monsoon is known for its unpredictability but is crucial for the agricultural
sector.
(a) As a Geography student, discuss how the Bay of Bengal branch of the southwest monsoon influences
rainfall in eastern India.
(b) During which months do the western disturbances impact the climate of northwestern India, and what
are their effects?

(ii) What are the primary sources of rainfall in the winter season in each of the following regions?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Tamil Nadu

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) The rain shadow effect causes dry conditions in the leeward side of the Western Ghats.
(b) Northern India experiences cold waves during the winter season.
(c) Pre-monsoon heat is more intense in the northern plains compared to coastal regions.

(iv) Study the climatic data given below and answer the questions that follow.

Station Station A
Month Temperature (°C) Rainfall (cm)
Jan 23.8 0
Feb 26.0 0
Mar 27.8 1.2
Apr 28.0 1.7
May 31.2 2.2
Jun 31.5 44.2
Jul 31.6 46.7
Aug 31.7 44.9
Sep 31.3 42.6
Oct 31.0 20.0
Nov 25.3 3.0
Dec 24.0 0.1

(a) Calculate the mean annual temperature of Station A.

(b) What is the total rainfall of Station A during the monsoon season?
(c) Does the Station A have a maritime or a continental climate? State a reason for your answer.

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QUESTION 5.

(i) A region in western India has sparse vegetation adapted to dry conditions, while another in the northeast
has thick, dense forests with tall trees.
(a) Identify the two types of vegetation being described.
(b) Explain why the region in western India has sparse vegetation.

(ii) With reference to the importance of forests, answer the following:

(a) Mention two economic benefits provided by forests.
(b) List two environmental benefits that forests offer to a region.

(iii) With reference to Tropical Deciduous Forests, answer the following:

(a) In which regions of India are Tropical Deciduous Forests mainly found?
(b) How do these forests adapt to seasonal changes?
(c) Name two states where Tropical Deciduous Forests are predominant.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Tropical Evergreen Forests are found in regions with heavy rainfall.
(b) Mountain vegetation changes with altitude.
(c) Forest conservation helps prevent soil erosion.

QUESTION 6.

(i) During his visit to a plateau region, Anil came across red-colored soil that appeared coarse in texture.
(a) Which type of soil did he observe?
(b) Name two states in India where this soil is commonly found.

(ii) (a) Why is black soil ideal for growing cotton?

(b) How do laterite soils form, and what are their primary characteristics?

(iii) State three methods to prevent soil erosion in agricultural lands.

(iv) (a) What conservation practice involves planting grass or shrubs to prevent soil erosion?
(b) How does terracing prevent soil erosion in mountainous regions?
(c) What is the importance of check dams in soil conservation?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two reasons why bauxite is an important mineral in the aluminium industry.

(ii) Distinguish between coal and petroleum as energy sources.

(iii) (a) Name a state in India where copper is mined.

(b) Mention two industries that heavily rely on copper.

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(iv) (a) What is meant by hydroelectric power?

(b) Mention two advantages of generating hydroelectric power.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India has a vast network of rivers and lakes that serve as crucial sources of surface water. However, over-
exploitation of these resources, combined with climate change, has led to frequent water shortages. It is
essential to conserve surface water through methods like rainwater harvesting and improved irrigation
techniques to sustain agricultural production.
(a) Why is the conservation of surface water becoming increasingly important in India?
(b) Mention two sources of surface water in India.

(ii) With reference to water conservation practices, answer the following:

(a) What is the importance of rainwater harvesting in urban areas?
(b) Name one traditional water conservation method practiced in rural India.

(iii) (a) What is the main purpose of irrigation?

(b) Mention one disadvantage of over-irrigation.
(c) Name two methods of irrigation used in India.

(iv)

(a) Identify the type of irrigation method where rainwater is collected and stored in man-made or natural
depressions.
(b) Mention one advantage of using this irrigation method in dry or uneven terrains.
(c) Why is this irrigation method commonly used in regions with limited river systems or groundwater?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two ways in which the petrochemical industry contributes to the Indian economy.

(ii) (a) State one key difference between cotton and silk textile industries.
(b) Name one state in India known for silk production.


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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 13 Page 7

(iii) With reference to the iron and steel industry, answer the following:
(a) Name one raw material required for steel production.
(b) Name two major iron and steel plants in India.
(c) Give one reason why iron and steel industries are considered the backbone of industrial development.

(iv) A factory in Odisha is engaged in steel production.

(a) Name the process used to convert iron ore into steel.
(b) Mention two mineral resources required for steel production.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between Rabi crops and Kharif crops.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the Zayad season is important for Indian agriculture.

(iii) With reference to agricultural seasons, answer the following:

(a) State a reason why Rabi crops are sown in winter.
(b) Why is Kharif season dependent on monsoon rains?
(c) Name any two crops grown during the Zayad season.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Rice requires specific climatic conditions for cultivation.
(b) Wheat is grown in regions with cooler temperatures.
(c) Millets are important for cultivation in drought-prone areas.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two health hazards caused by improper waste disposal.

(ii) Reducing waste generation at the source is critical for sustainable waste management. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which waste management method focuses on converting organic waste into usable soil nutrients?
(b) Name the technique where waste is sorted at the source into recyclable and non-recyclable materials.
(c) Which disposal method involves reusing waste materials to create new products?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Composting is beneficial for reducing the volume of organic waste.
(b) Reusing waste materials can significantly reduce the need for new raw materials.
(c) Dumping waste without proper treatment can severely affect aquatic life.

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QUESTION 12.

(i) What is the importance of the following modes of transport in economic development?
(a) Roadways
(b) Railways

(ii) Why are waterways considered the most energy-efficient mode of transportation?

(iii) A country is facing issues with high transportation costs for bulk goods. The country is looking for an
economical and efficient mode of transport for exporting goods to nearby countries.
(a) Which mode of transport would be the best solution for exporting bulk goods?
(b) Mention one measure that can be taken to improve the efficiency of this transport mode.
(c) State one advantage of using waterways over airways for transporting heavy goods.

(iv) (a) What are the disadvantages of using roadways for long-distance travel?
(b) Enumerate two advantages of using railways for transporting goods over long distances.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 14 Page 1

Sample Paper 14
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part.

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following questions.

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .283 in the North-West part of the map extract.
(b) What are the black lines in the North-Eastern quarter of the map extract?

(ii) If Ravi drive in a straight line from 25 East to 30 East in a car travelling at a speed of 10 km/hr, what is
the approximate time he would take to reach his destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Ratanpur (3298) to Knara (4098)?
(b) What types of landforms are visible in the Northern-Western part of the provided topographic map?

(iv) (a) After a decade-long absence, Manisha was pleasantly surprised by the progress in her hometown
Bhilachal (3506) and its surroundings. What visible indications or apparent changes serve as compelling
evidence of the region’s development and growth, leaving her delighted upon her return?
(b) What kind of drainage pattern is mostly found in the map?

(v) Mention two man-made and two natural features in the grid square 3198.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map of India provided
(a) Shade and label the Chota Nagpur Plateau
(b) Mark and label the Northern Circars
(c) Label the river Indus

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(d) Mark and name Chennai

(e) Shade and label an area of Black soil in India
(f) Shade and label direction of the South-West Monsoon winds in India
(g) Mark and label 82.5°E Meridian
(h) Mark and name an off-shore oilfield
(i) Shade and label sparsely populated state in India
(j) Mark and label the Karakoram Pass.

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) Which of the following is known as Engineers’ Marvel in India?

(a) Kolkata Metro (b) Delhi Metro
(c) Konkan Railway Line (d) None of these

(ii) Deltaic alluvium is found in which of the following river valleys?

(a) Ganga-Brahmaputra river valley
(b) Krishna river valley
(c) Kaveri river valley
(d) All of the above

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(iii) Biogas: Organic Waste

(a) Wind Energy: Solar Panels (b) Geothermal Energy: Groundwater
(c) Nuclear Energy: Fossil Fuels (d) Tidal Energy: Coal

(iv) Most of the Deccan Trap has_____.

(a) alluvial soil (b) laterite soil
(c) red soil (d) black soil

(v) Which of the following forests are also known as Monsoon forests?
(a) Tropical Evergreen Forests (b) Tropical Deciduous Forests
(c) Tidal Forests (d) All of the above

(vi) Assertion (A): Sugarcane is mainly grown in tropical regions.

Reason (R): Sugarcane requires a hot and humid climate with abundant water supply for optimal growth.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(vii) Plastic can be recycled in making______.

(a) telephone wires (b) toys
(c) road construction (d) All of these

(viii) ______iron ore is also known as ‘black ore’.

(a) Haematite (b) Magnetite
(c) Limonite (d) Siderite

(ix) Railway diesel engines are manufactured in Uttar Pradesh at_______.

(a) Lucknow (b) Naraura
(c) Allahabad (d) Varanasi

(x)

The image shows two different crops growing together in the same field. What type of farming practice does
this represent?
(a) Monoculture (b) Agroforestry
(c) Mixed cropping (d) Terrace farming

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) The climate of India is greatly affected by the monsoon, which brings about most of the annual rainfall.
Factors such as the direction of the winds and the presence of geographical features contribute to this
distribution.
(a) As a student of Geography, discuss how the Coriolis force affects the direction of monsoon winds in
India.
(b) During which months does the retreating monsoon occur, and how does it affect the climate of southern
India?

(ii) What causes low temperatures in the winter season in each of the following regions?
(a) Punjab
(b) Rajasthan

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) The Western Ghats create a rain shadow effect, leading to lower rainfall in the interior regions.
(b) The summer monsoon brings heavy rainfall to the northeastern states of India.
(c) The cold wave conditions in northern India are influenced by winds from Central Asia.

(iv) Study the climatic data of a city of India provided below and answer the questions that follow.

Station Station A
Month Temperature Rainfall
(°C) (cm)
Jan 23.8 0
Feb 25.0 0
Mar 27.7 1.1
Apr 28.3 1.5
May 30.2 2.1
Jun 30.3 43.3
Jul 30.4 46.2
Aug 30.3 45.4
Sep 30.0 43.3
Oct 30.3 20.1
Nov 25.2 3.0
Dec 24.2 0.1
(a) Calculate the mean annual temperature.
(b) What is the total rainfall during the monsoon season?
(c) Does the Station ‘A’ have a maritime or a continental climate? Give reason.

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QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in Uttar Pradesh enjoys high yields of paddy from his fine-textured, nutrient-rich soil, while
another in Tamil Nadu struggles with soil that is hard and nutrient-poor.
(a) Identify the two types of soil being described.
(b) Explain why the farmer in Uttar Pradesh has more success in paddy cultivation.

(ii) With reference to soil erosion, answer the following:

(a) Name two types of water erosion that affect soil in India.
(b) Mention two methods to reduce soil erosion on sloping lands.

(iii) With reference to Laterite Soil, answer the following:

(a) How does tropical weathering affect the formation of Laterite Soil?
(b) Why is Laterite Soil commonly used for building construction?
(c) Name two regions where Laterite Soil is extensively found.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Black Soil is rich in lime, making it suitable for cotton cultivation.
(b) Red Soil needs irrigation to support intensive farming.
(c) Alluvial Soil supports multiple cropping due to its fertility.

QUESTION 6.

(i) Ram went to tidal forest with his friend in marshy area.
(a) What is tidal forest?
(b) Name two species of trees found in such forests.

(ii) (a) State two objectives of forests conservation.

(b) Mention any two regions having Tropical Evergreen Forests.

(iii) Give two reasons to explain why humans are responsible for deforestation? State any two effects of
deforestation.

(iv) (a) What name is given to the forests found on the Western side of the Western Ghats region?
(b) Why are these forests given this name?
(c) What is meant by natural vegetation?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two benefits of using natural gas as an energy source.

(ii) Distinguish between coal and natural gas in terms of their environmental impact.

(iii) (a) Name a region in India where coal is mined extensively.

(b) Mention two advantages of coal as a conventional energy source.

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(iv) (a) What is meant by wind energy?

(b) Mention two advantages of wind energy over conventional sources.

QUESTION 8.

(i) Groundwater is a crucial resource for agriculture and drinking water in India. However, over-extraction
and pollution are depleting groundwater levels at an alarming rate. To ensure sustainable use, conservation
methods such as rainwater harvesting and regulated extraction need to be widely implemented.
(a) Why is groundwater vital for India’s agriculture?
(b) Mention two regions in India where groundwater depletion is a major concern.

(ii) With reference to rainwater harvesting, answer the following:

(a) What is rainwater harvesting, and why is it necessary?
(b) Mention one method of rainwater harvesting practiced in urban areas.

(iii) (a) Name one traditional method of irrigation used in Indian agriculture.
(b) Mention one modern method of irrigation.
(c) What is one disadvantage of traditional irrigation systems?

(iv)

(a) Identify the method of water conservation shown in the above picture.
(b) Mention one key benefit of using this method in urban or rural areas.
(c) Why is this method particularly useful in areas with low groundwater levels?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two problems faced by the Indian textile industry.

(ii) (a) State one difference between the petrochemical industry and the electronics industry.
(b) Name one state where the electronics industry has flourished in India.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 14 Page 7

(iii) With reference to the silk textile industry, answer the following:
(a) Name the raw material used in silk production.
(b) Name two regions in India famous for silk production.
(c) Give one reason why silk is considered a luxury textile.

(iv) A factory in Karnataka is producing silk fabric.

(a) Name the process of extracting silk from silkworm cocoons.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions required for the growth of mulberry plants used in sericulture.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between Rice and Wheat in terms of climatic requirements.

(ii) Explain two reasons why pulses are important for Indian agriculture.

(iii) With reference to crop cultivation, answer the following:

(a) State the soil requirements for sugarcane cultivation.
(b) Why are oilseeds (such as groundnut) important for the Indian economy?
(c) Name any two regions where millets are extensively grown in India.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Cotton is a major cash crop in India.
(b) Jute is known as the “Golden Fibre.”
(c) Tea cultivation requires specific climatic conditions found in hilly areas.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two effects of waste accumulation on aquatic ecosystems.

(ii) Waste segregation is the first step toward effective waste disposal. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which method of waste management focuses on reusing products to reduce waste?
(b) Name the process used to convert organic waste into compost.
(c) Which method of waste disposal poses a risk to soil quality and underground water?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Waste recycling reduces the demand for new resources.
(b) Dumping waste in water bodies can severely harm marine and freshwater organisms.
(c) Segregation of waste ensures proper disposal of hazardous materials.

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QUESTION 12.

(i) How do the following modes of transport impact environmental sustainability?

(a) Air travel
(b) Road transport

(ii) Why are railways considered an eco-friendly mode of transport?

(iii) A region with many rivers and canals is exploring options for improving connectivity and trade. The current
road infrastructure is limited and inefficient.
(a) Which mode of transport could help improve connectivity in this region?
(b) Mention one measure that can be taken to enhance the use of this transport mode.
(c) State one advantage of waterways over roadways for transporting goods in this region.

(iv) (a) What are the disadvantages of air travel for short-distance journeys?
(b) Enumerate two advantages of using roadways for last-mile connectivity.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 15 Page 1

Sample Paper 15
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part.

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 and answer the following questions.

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference for .264 in the Northern part of the map extract.
(b) What are the red rectangular patches in the North-West quarter of the map extract?

(ii) If Kavita travels in a straight line from 06 northing to 12 northing on a bicycle at a speed of 3 km/hr, what
is the estimated duration he will require to reach his destination?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Dhibri (4306) to Methipura (4204)?
(b) What geographical features can be observed within the lower portion of the topographic map?

(iv) (a) Upon Meera’s homecoming after a decade, what visual cues or noticeable changes in the surrounding area
of Jaspuriya (8545) serve as clear indications of the region’s progress and growth since her departure?
(b) What is the black vertical line between easting 33 and 34?

(v) Mention two man-made and two natural features in the grid square 3288.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map of India provided
(a) Shade and label the Eastern Ghats
(b) Shade and label the plains on the Kerala coast
(c) Label the Chambal river
(d) Mark and label the sea separating the Nicobar Islands from the Andaman Islands

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(e) Mark and label the state with highest density of population in India
(f) Mark with arrows the winds which bring rain to the Western Ghats
(g) Mark and label Chilika lake
(h) Shade an area of Red soil in Western India
(i) Mark and label the city of Allahabad
(j) Mark and label the Kanchenjunga

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) Rabi crop is grown in_______.

(a) March-April
(b) August-September
(c) October-November
(d) January-February

(ii) Which is an example of private sector company?

(a) Hindustan Lever Limited
(b) Bajaj Auto Limited
(c) Tata Consultancy Services
(d) All of the above

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 15 Page 3

(iii) Tropical Deciduous Forests: Shed Leaves Seasonally

(a) Tropical Desert Vegetation: Evergreen Trees
(b) Littoral Forests: Found in River Valleys
(c) Tropical Evergreen Forests: No Definite Shedding Period
(d) Mountain Vegetation: Sparse Canopy

(iv) Which of the following crops is/are suitable for growing on black soil?
(a) Cotton (b) Wheat
(c) Gram (d) All of these

(v) _____seaport is located in Gujarat.

(a) Haldia (b) Kandla
(c) Paradip (d) Mumbai

(vi) Assertion (A): The Deccan Plateau is bounded by the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.
Reason (R): The Deccan Plateau is elevated and slopes gently from the west to the east.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(vii) Cultivation of red soil depends on______.

(a) topography (b) land
(c) inputs (d) irrigation

(viii) Example of other fuels derived from petroleum is_______.

(a) Ethane (b) Gasoline
(c) Kerosene (d) All of these

(ix) Varanasi is famous for_____

(a) cotton (b) wool
(c) silk (d) synthetic fiber

(x)

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The image shows the accumulation of waste in an urban environment. What impact does this waste have
on the ecosystem?
(a) Increased agricultural productivity (b) Pollution of air, water, and soil
(c) Growth in biodiversity (d) Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions

PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) The Indian subcontinent experiences distinct seasons due to its geographical location and the seasonal
movement of winds. The climate varies from region to region, influenced by monsoons, proximity to water
bodies, and mountain ranges.
(a) As a student of Geography, explain how the monsoon winds affect the distribution of rainfall across
India.
(b) During which months does the retreating monsoon bring rainfall to southeastern India, and what are its
effects?

(ii) What is the main factor influencing rainfall during the southwest monsoon in each of the following areas?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) West Bengal

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) The Western Ghats create a rain shadow effect on the Deccan Plateau.
(b) The northeastern states receive heavy rainfall during the monsoon season.
(c) Central India experiences more arid conditions than coastal regions.

(iv) Study the climatic data of a city of India provided below and answer the questions that follow.

Station Station A
Month Temperature (°C) Rainfall (cm)
Jan 26.0 0.0
Feb 26.5 0.1
Mar 28.1 0.0
Apr 29.3 0.1
May 30.1 5.5
Jun 27.5 89.0
Jul 26.3 85.0
Aug 26.1 61.4
Sep 27.1 22.6
Oct 30.3 10.5
Nov 27.6 2.2
Dec 26.9 0.0

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 15 Page 5

(a) What is the annual range of temperature of Station A?

(b) What is the total rainfall received by Station A?
(c) Where is Station A situated? Give a reason for your conclusion.

QUESTION 5.

(i) A region in central India has forests with trees that shed their leaves for part of the year, while another
region, with very little rainfall, has thorny bushes and cacti.
(a) Identify the two types of vegetation being discussed.
(b) Explain why the region with thorny bushes receives little rainfall.

(ii) With reference to forest conservation, answer the following questions:

(a) List two major threats to forests in India.
(b) Mention two methods to promote afforestation in degraded areas.

(iii) With reference to Tropical Desert Vegetation, answer the following:

(a) How does Tropical Desert Vegetation adapt to the extreme climate?
(b) Why is vegetation sparse in tropical desert regions?
(c) Name two states in India where Tropical Desert Vegetation is found.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Tropical Evergreen Forests remain green throughout the year.
(b) Forest conservation helps mitigate climate change.
(c) Littoral Forests are important for protecting coastal ecosystems.

QUESTION 6.

(i) Priya visited the Deccan Plateau and noticed dark soil with a clayey texture.
(a) What type of soil is she observing?
(b) In which regions of India is this soil predominantly found?

(ii) (a) What minerals are abundant in black soil, making it suitable for specific crops?
(b) Why is laterite soil unsuitable for intensive agriculture without proper treatment?

(iii) List three causes of soil erosion in India.

(iv) (a) How does crop rotation contribute to soil conservation?

(b) What is the significance of windbreaks in preventing soil erosion in arid regions?
(c) What role do cover crops play in reducing soil erosion?

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QUESTION 7.

(i) State two uses of copper in modern industries.

(ii) Distinguish between conventional and non-conventional energy sources.

(iii) (a) Name one location where petroleum is found in India.

(b) Mention two disadvantages of using petroleum as an energy source.

(iv) (a) What is meant by geothermal energy?

(b) Mention two benefits of geothermal energy.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India’s water resources are under immense pressure due to the increasing population, urbanization, and
industrialization. Surface water sources, such as rivers and lakes, and groundwater reserves are depleting
rapidly. It is vital to conserve these resources by adopting methods like rainwater harvesting and efficient
irrigation practices.
(a) Why is it essential to conserve surface and groundwater in India?
(b) Mention two ways in which rainwater harvesting helps in conserving water resources.

(ii) With reference to conservation practices, answer the following:

(a) What is the role of rainwater harvesting in rural areas?
(b) Name one example of a water conservation technique used in ancient India.

(iii) Irrigation is a critical component of Indian agriculture.

(a) What is the main purpose of irrigation in agriculture?
(b) Name one advantage of using modern irrigation techniques.
(c) Mention two types of irrigation systems used in India.

(iv)

(a) Identify the type of farming being practiced in the above picture.
(b) Mention one benefit of this type of farming for the environment.
(c) Why is this farming method important for food security in rural areas?

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 15 Page 7

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two government initiatives to promote the growth of manufacturing industries in India.

(ii) (a) State one difference between agro-based and mineral-based industries.
(b) Name one state where the sugar industry is concentrated in India.

(iii) With reference to the petrochemical industry, answer the following:

(a) Name one raw material used in the petrochemical industry.
(b) Name two major petrochemical complexes in India.
(c) Give one reason why the petrochemical industry is vital for modern industrial development.

(iv) A factory in Maharashtra is producing plastic products.

(a) Name the primary raw material used in plastic production.
(b) Mention two uses of petrochemical products in daily life.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between Tea and Coffee cultivation in India.

(ii) Explain two ways in which sugarcane contributes to the Indian economy.

(iii) With reference to crop cultivation, answer the following:

(a) State the soil and climatic conditions required for cotton cultivation.
(b) Why is mustard an important oilseed crop in India?
(c) Name any two regions where jute is extensively cultivated.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Groundnut is widely grown in dry regions of India.
(b) Coffee is primarily cultivated in southern India.
(c) Sugarcane processing requires large-scale infrastructure.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two reasons why improper waste disposal can harm terrestrial life.

(ii) Recycling plays a significant role in reducing waste and conserving resources. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which method of waste disposal can be used to safely manage organic waste at home?
(b) Name the waste management strategy that emphasizes reprocessing materials to create new products.
(c) Which form of waste accumulation is most responsible for polluting landscapes?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Dumping waste in landfills can lead to soil contamination.
(b) Composting reduces the need for chemical fertilizers in agriculture.
(c) Recycling waste helps in lowering the energy required for producing new products.

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QUESTION 12.

(i) How do roadways and railways differ in the following?

(a) Cost efficiency for transporting goods
(b) Speed of passenger travel

(ii) Why is it important to invest in railway infrastructure for a country’s development?

(iii) A major city has been facing traffic congestion and air pollution due to over-reliance on road transport. The
government is planning to introduce a more efficient transport system.
(a) Which mode of transport would help reduce traffic congestion and pollution?
(b) Mention one measure to promote the use of this transport mode.
(c) State one advantage of railways over roadways for urban transport.

(iv) (a) What are the disadvantages of using railways for transporting perishable goods?
(b) Enumerate two advantages of airways for transporting perishable goods.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 16 Page 1

Sample Paper 16
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part.

QUESTION 1.
Study the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S10 (Eastings 47 to 55 and Northings 30 to 39) [Map 8] and
answer the following questions:

(i) (a) What does R.F. stand for?

(b) Why is it considered a universally accepted scale?

(ii) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference of the surveyed tree where the height of land is 286 metres.
(b) What type of road would one have to take to cover the shortest distance from Bhamra to Dhann?

(iii) Explain the following terms:

(a) Talao
(b) Diggi

(iv) (a) State the difference in the drainage pattern in grid squares 4933 and 5434.
(b) Why are several causeways seen on the way between Dhann and Dantrai?

(v) State two natural and two man-made feature observed in grid square 4830.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map provided, mark and name:
(a) The Western Ghats
(b) Name and mark a coal mining centre in eastern India.

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(c) Mark and name River Chambal

(d) Deccan Plateau
(e) Shade and mark an area of red soil south of the Tropic of Cancer.
(f) The monsoon winds which bring rain to the east coast of India.
(g) River Sutlej
(h) The Indian Standard Meridian
(i) The Coromandel Coast
(j) A sparsely populated area in the north eastern part of India.

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) Which factor primarily influences the distribution of temperature in India during winter?
(a) Proximity to the equator (b) Altitude
(c) Jet streams (d) Ocean currents

(ii) Which soil type is known for its high iron oxide content and reddish color?
(a) Black soil
(b) Alluvial soil
(c) Laterite soil
(d) Peat soil

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 16 Page 3

(iii) Which type of vegetation is commonly found in regions with heavy annual rainfall exceeding 200 cm?
(a) Tropical deciduous forests (b) Tropical evergreen forests
(c) Thorny bushes (d) Mangroves

(iv) Which of the following is a surface water source?

(a) Borewell (b) Lakes
(c) Aquifers (d) Springs

(v) Which mineral is mainly used for producing steel?

(a) Copper (b) Bauxite
(c) Iron ore (d) Mica

(vi) Which of the following is a Rabi crop?

(a) Rice (b) Wheat
(c) Maize (d) Cotton

(vii) Assertion (A): Railways are less affected by weather conditions compared to roadways.
Reason (R): Railways operate on fixed tracks and adhere to scheduled times.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, R is false.
(d) A is false, R is true.

(viii) Which of the following is an agro-based industry?

(a) Petrochemical (b) Iron and Steel
(c) Sugar (d) Cement

(ix) Which mode of transport is the fastest for long distances?

(a) Railways (b) Roadways
(c) Airways (d) Waterways

(x) The image shows an irrigation system used in agriculture. What type of irrigation system is depicted in the
image?

(a) Drip irrigation (b) Sprinkler irrigation

(c) Flood irrigation (d) Furrow irrigation

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) The Indian subcontinent experiences a range of temperatures and rainfall patterns due to its large size
and geographical diversity. The presence of mountain ranges, seas, and deserts affects the climate during
different seasons.
(a) As a Geography student, explain why the coastal regions of India have less temperature variation
compared to the interior regions.
(b) During which months does India experience its monsoon peak, and what are the effects on agriculture?

(ii) What is the reason for varying rainfall during the retreating monsoon in the following states?
(a) Karnataka
(b) West Bengal

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) The eastern coastal regions of India are prone to cyclonic storms during the retreating monsoon.
(b) Summer temperatures are higher in northwestern India compared to southern India.
(c) Southern India receives rainfall from the northeast monsoon during the retreating monsoon season.

(iv) Study the climatic data of Station Y and answer the following questions:

Season Summer (Mar- Monsoon (Jun-Sep) Retreating Monsoon Winter (Dec-Feb)

May) (Oct-Nov)
Temperature (°C) 30.5 27.8 25.2 20.1

Rainfall (cm) 2.5 28.7 10.2 3.8

(a) What is the range of temperature between the summer and winter seasons at Station Y?
(b) Which season experiences the highest rainfall?
(c) Name the wind system responsible for the monsoon rainfall at Station Y.

QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in Odisha grows rice in a soil that is rich in silt and clay, while another in Karnataka grows crops
in a rocky soil that is not as fertile.
(a) Identify the two soils being described.
(b) Why does the farmer in Odisha have better crop yields?

(ii) With reference to soil erosion, answer the following:

(a) State two impacts of wind erosion in arid regions of India.
(b) Mention two practices that can reduce wind erosion in desert areas.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 16 Page 5

(iii) With reference to Laterite Soil, answer the following:

(a) How is Laterite Soil formed?
(b) Why is Laterite Soil not ideal for growing cereals?
(c) Name two crops that are suitable for cultivation in Laterite Soil.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Black Soil retains moisture, making it good for dry farming.
(b) Alluvial Soil supports high productivity due to its mineral richness.
(c) Red Soil is suitable for growing pulses and millets.

QUESTION 6.

(i) During his journey in the Western Ghats, Raj noticed that the trees were very tall and had dense foliage
throughout the year.
(a) Which natural vegetation belt did he encounter?
(b) Where else in India can this type of vegetation be found?

(ii) (a) Why is littoral vegetation crucial for protecting coastal regions?
(b) How do deep-rooted plants in deserts survive harsh conditions?

(iii) State three reasons why forest conservation is necessary for maintaining air quality.

(iv) (a) Which forest conservation practice focuses on conserving biodiversity?

(b) How did shifting cultivation lead to large-scale destruction of forest land?
(c) What is the name of the process that ensures trees are replanted to restore biodiversity?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two reasons why irrigation is crucial for growing cash crops.

(ii) Distinguish between lift irrigation and canal irrigation.

(iii) (a) Name a state in India where groundwater depletion is a major concern.
(b) Mention two reasons why groundwater levels are decreasing in this state.

(iv) (a) What is meant by the term ‘percolation tank’ ?

(b) Mention two uses of percolation tanks in water conservation.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India’s industrial growth is supported by vast mineral reserves, including iron ore, manganese, copper,
and bauxite. These minerals are key to sectors such as steel production and aluminum manufacturing.
Additionally, India is focusing on developing non-conventional energy sources to meet its growing energy
demands.
(a) Why is manganese crucial for strengthening steel?
(b) Mention two regions in India where copper is found.

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(ii) With reference to the Bhakra Nangal hydel power project, answer the following:
(a) On which river is the Bhakra Nangal Dam constructed?
(b) Name one benefit of the power generated by this project.

(iii) (a) What is one benefit of natural gas over coal in energy production?
(b) Name one challenge in using natural gas as a primary energy source.
(c) Mention two states in India where natural gas reserves are located.

(iv)

(a) Identify the type of energy being generated by the structure shown in the above picture.
(b) Mention one environmental benefit of this energy source compared to fossil fuels.
(c) Why is this energy source important for irrigation and water management in India?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two environmental challenges faced by Indian agriculture today.

(ii) (a) State one difference between subsistence and intensive farming.
(b) Name the state that is the leading producer of cotton in India.

(iii) With reference to the cultivation of coffee, answer the following:

(a) Name a soil type suitable for the growth of coffee.
(b) Name any two varieties of coffee grown in India.
(c) Give one reason why coffee cultivation is concentrated in southern India.

(iv) A farmer in Uttar Pradesh is growing sugarcane.

(a) Name the process used to extract juice from sugarcane.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions needed for sugarcane cultivation.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between Bhilai Steel Plant and Rourkela Steel Plant.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the petrochemical industry helps in reducing imports.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 16 Page 7

(iii) With reference to mineral-based industries, answer the following:

(a) State a reason why steel plants are mostly located in eastern India.
(b) Why is the electronics industry significant for India’s digital economy?
(c) Name any two electronics products manufactured in India.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) TISCO contributes significantly to India’s export market.
(b) Petrochemical products are widely used in agriculture.
(c) The electronics industry supports employment in high-tech manufacturing.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two disadvantages of using railways.

(ii) Roadways have contributed to reducing transportation costs for small businesses. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which type of railway is best suited for suburban commuting?
(b) Name the authority responsible for managing India’s national highways.
(c) Which airport is the main hub for international flights in southern India?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Railways help in transporting industrial goods to ports.
(b) Roadways are often the most economical mode for local travel.
(c) Airways are essential for connecting remote regions to metropolitan cities.

QUESTION 12.

(i) What is the impact of waste accumulation on the following?

(a) Terrestrial life
(b) Aquatic life (freshwater and marine)

(ii) Why is waste management necessary?

(iii) Waste accumulation can lead to the spoilage of landscapes, pollution, and serious health hazards. Improper
disposal methods, such as dumping waste, affect both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
(a) Which method of waste management would have helped in reducing pollution and health hazards in
such cases?
(b) Mention one method you can adopt to reduce waste at home.
(c) State one benefit of recycling waste.

(iv) (a) What is recycling?

(b) Enumerate two advantages of reducing waste.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 17 Page 1

Sample Paper 17
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part.

QUESTION 1.
Study the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 (Eastings 33 to 41 and Northings 96 to 05) [Map 9] and answer
the following questions:

(i) (a) What is the highest spot height seen in the map extract?
(b) The western part of the map extract has few, widely spaced contours. What does it reflect about the
topography of the region?

(ii) (a) Find the distance along the Varkha Nadi from the masonry dam in grid square 3903 till the bridge
across the same Nadi in grid square 3503.
(b) State two important occupation of the people in this region.

(iii) How is the settlement pattern in grid square 3497 different from that in grid square 3304?

(iv) What do the following denote?

(a) 4r in grid square 3503
(b) What does •522 denote?

(v) Give two reasons to explain why settlements are nearly absent in the central and southern part of the map
extract.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map provided, mark and name:
(a) Karakoram pass

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(b) The wind that brings rain to Meghalaya plateau from June to September
(c) The plateau rich in mineral wealth
(d) Name and mark a lake in Kashmir
(e) River Damodar
(f) River Godavari
(g) River Betwa
(h) The capital of West Bengal
(i) Mark an area of sparse population in western India.
(j) With a bold line-the Satpuras

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) Which season is characterized by the highest rainfall in India?

(a) Winter (b) Summer
(c) Monsoon (d) Retreating monsoon

(ii) Which soil is most suitable for growing cotton?

(a) Black soil (b) Red soil
(c) Laterite soil (d) Alluvial soil

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 17 Page 3

(iii) What is the primary reason for the distribution of different types of vegetation across India?
(a) Altitude and rainfall (b) Soil texture and depth
(c) Wind direction (d) Latitude and longitude

(iv) Which practice is primarily used for conserving groundwater?

(a) Deforestation (b) Rainwater harvesting
(c) Industrialization (d) Over-irrigation

(v) Which state is the largest producer of coal in India?

(a) Maharashtra (b) Odisha
(c) West Bengal (d) Jharkhand

(vi) What is the primary problem facing Indian agriculture?

(a) Overproduction (b) Low productivity
(c) Excessive use of machines (d) Surplus labor

(vii) Assertion (A): Rice is predominantly grown in regions with high rainfall.
Reason (R): Rice requires a hot and dry climate for its cultivation.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(viii) Which of the following cities is known for iron and steel industries in India?
(a) Mumbai (b) Chennai
(c) Bhilai (d) Delhi

(ix) Which of the following is a major disadvantage of road transport?

(a) High cost for short distances (b) Limited reach
(c) Slow speed (d) High maintenance cost

(x) The image shows a type of irrigation system used in agriculture. What type of irrigation system is depicted
in the image?

(a) Sprinkler irrigation

(b) Drip irrigation
(c) Furrow irrigation]
(d) Flood irrigation

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) The distribution of temperature across India is influenced by geographical factors such as altitude, latitude,
and proximity to water bodies. Monsoons also play a key role in temperature variations across the seasons.
(a) As a student of Geography, explain why the coastal areas of India experience moderate temperatures
during the summer season.
(b) During which months does northern India experience the highest temperatures, and what geographical
factors contribute to this?

(ii) What is the source of summer rainfall in each of the following regions?
(a) Himachal Pradesh
(b) Bihar

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) The northern plains of India are more prone to extreme temperature variations compared to the coastal
regions.
(b) The western coast of India receives more rainfall than the eastern coast during the monsoon season.
(c) The Thar Desert in Rajasthan contributes to the low-pressure system during the summer monsoon.

(iv) Study the climatic data of Station Z and answer the following questions:

Season Summer (Mar- Monsoon (Jun-Sep) Retreating Monsoon Winter (Dec-Feb)

May) (Oct-Nov)
Temperature (°C) 31.0 29.5 26.0 19.0

Rainfall (cm) 3.0 32.4 12.5 4.2

(a) What is the temperature range between the monsoon and winter seasons at Station Z?
(b) Which season experiences the lowest rainfall?
(c) Name the wind system that brings rainfall during the retreating monsoon season.

QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in Maharashtra successfully grows sugarcane in soil that is dark and retains water, while another
farmer in Rajasthan struggles with growing crops in a sandy, nutrient-poor soil.
(a) Identify the two types of soil being described.
(b) Explain why the farmer in Maharashtra can grow crops more efficiently.

(ii) With reference to soil conservation, answer the following:

(a) List two natural factors contributing to soil erosion.
(b) Suggest two soil conservation methods for areas with heavy rainfall.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 17 Page 5

(iii) With reference to Red Soil, answer the following:

(a) What minerals give Red Soil its color?
(b) Why is Red Soil not as fertile as Black Soil?
(c) Name two areas where Red Soil is common in India.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Laterite Soil is acidic and poor in nutrients.
(b) Alluvial Soil supports crops like rice and wheat due to its fertility.
(c) Black Soil is prone to cracking during the dry season but remains productive.

QUESTION 6.

(i) Vandana observed trees with cone-shaped leaves and needle-like structures while hiking in a mountainous
region.
(a) Which type of vegetation is she observing?
(b) Name a mountain range in India where this type of vegetation is found.

(ii) (a) How does the environment shape the distribution of tropical desert vegetation?
(b) Why are tropical evergreen forests significant for maintaining global biodiversity?

(iii) Mention three reasons why forest conservation is vital for combating climate change.

(iv) (a) What method encourages local participation in forest management?

(b) What primitive method of agriculture involves cutting down and burning forests?
(c) What is the process of restoring degraded forest areas by planting trees?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two benefits of promoting sustainable irrigation practices in India.

(ii) Distinguish between dug wells and bore wells.

(iii) (a) Name a region in India where flood irrigation is predominantly used.
(b) Mention two challenges associated with flood irrigation in this region.

(iv) (a) What is meant by water management?

(b) Mention two water management strategies adopted in agriculture.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India’s mineral wealth, including iron ore, copper, and bauxite, plays a vital role in its industrial development.
Copper is widely used in electrical applications, while iron ore is essential for steel manufacturing. India is
also focusing on renewable energy sources like wind and bio-gas to reduce its carbon emissions.
(a) Why is copper important for India’s electrical industry?
(b) Mention two states in India known for bauxite mining.

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(ii) With reference to the Bhakra Nangal project, answer the following:
(a) On which river is the Bhakra Nangal Dam built?
(b) Name one state that benefits from the electricity generated by the Bhakra Nangal project.

(iii) (a) What is one advantage of natural gas over coal?

(b) Name one challenge of using natural gas as a primary energy source.
(c) Mention two Indian regions where natural gas reserves are located.

(iv)

(a) Identify the type of energy being generated and processed in the above picture.
(b) Mention one environmental disadvantage of using this energy source.
(c) Why is this energy source still widely used for electricity generation despite its environmental drawbacks?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two reasons why commercial farming is more profitable than subsistence farming in India.

(ii) (a) State one difference between plantation farming and shifting cultivation.
(b) Name the state that is the leading producer of coffee in India.

(iii) With reference to the cultivation of wheat, answer the following:

(a) Name a soil type suitable for the growth of wheat.
(b) Name any two varieties of wheat grown in India.
(c) Give one reason why wheat is grown during the rabi season.

(iv) A farmer in Madhya Pradesh is growing soybeans.

(a) Name the process used to extract oil from soybeans.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions required for Soya bean cultivation.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between Bhilai Steel Plant and Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the petrochemical industry is important for the production of plastics.

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(iii) With reference to mineral-based industries, answer the following:

(a) State a reason why steel plants are located near water sources.
(b) Why is the electronics industry vital for India’s digital economy?
(c) Name any two products manufactured by the petrochemical industry.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant contributes significantly to India’s shipbuilding industry.
(b) The petrochemical industry supports the agricultural sector by producing fertilizers.
(c) The electronics industry is essential for the growth of the information technology sector.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two advantages of using airways.

(ii) Railways help in promoting internal migration for employment. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which type of road connects major national and international destinations?
(b) Name the organization responsible for air traffic management in India.
(c) Which railway route is known for its scenic beauty in the northern regions of India?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Waterways help in reducing road traffic congestion.
(b) Airways are the preferred mode for time-sensitive goods.
(c) Railways are crucial for transporting raw materials to industries.

QUESTION 12.

(i) What is the impact of improper waste disposal on the following?

(a) Health
(b) Freshwater ecosystems

(ii) Why is recycling considered an important part of waste management?

(iii) Improper waste disposal methods, such as open dumping, contribute to severe pollution and health problems.
Accumulation of waste near water bodies leads to contamination and endangers aquatic life.
(a) Which method of waste management would have helped in reducing contamination of water bodies?
(b) Mention one step you can take at home to reduce plastic waste.
(c) State one way in which composting can benefit the environment.

(iv) (a) What is waste segregation?

(b) Enumerate two benefits of reusing waste materials.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 18 Page 1

Sample Paper 18
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part.

QUESTION 1.
Study the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 (Eastings 22 to 30 and Northings 03 to 12) and answer the
following questions:

(i) (a) What is meant by contour interval?

(b) What is the contour interval in the given map extract?

(ii) Identify the drainage pattern in the following:

(a) Grid square 2606
(b) Grid square 2806

(iii) (a) What does ‘open jungle’ in grid square 2503 denote?
(b) What does 7r in grid square 2804 denote?

(iv) State the two most probable occupation for the people in panswala (Grid square 2809). Give reasons for
your answer.

(v) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) The regions around the Panswala settlement (Grid square 2809) is not cultivated.
(ii) There are no settlements in the north western corner of the map extract.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map provided, mark and name:
(a) The Gulf of Mannar.

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(b) The city at the confluence of the rivers Ganga and Yamuna
(c) An area of laterite soil north of Tropic of cancer.
(d) Kanara coast.
(e) Print ‘D’ over a densely populated region in the peninsula
(f) The Nilgiris
(g) The latitude that marks the limit of the overhead sun in the northern hemisphere
(h) Shade and mark the Coromandel Coast
(i) One area of red soil
(j) Mark with a dot and name Srinagar

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) Which winds dominate the Indian subcontinent during the monsoon season?
(a) Westerlies (b) Trade winds
(c) Northeasterly winds (d) Southwesterly winds

(ii) Which of the following is NOT a cause of soil erosion?

(a) Deforestation (b) Overgrazing
(c) Organic farming (d) Heavy rainfall

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 18 Page 3

(iii) Which type of vegetation is dominant in areas with less than 50 cm of rainfall?
(a) Littoral vegetation (b) Tropical desert vegetation
(c) Tropical deciduous forests (d) Montane forests

(iv) Which of the following is NOT a traditional irrigation method in India?

(a) Canal irrigation (b) Drip irrigation
(c) Tank irrigation (d) Well irrigation

(v) Which of the following is NOT a conventional energy source?

(a) Wind energy (b) Coal
(c) Petroleum (d) Natural gas

(vi) Which method of farming is practiced in regions with heavy rainfall and dense forests?
(a) Shifting cultivation (b) Intensive farming
(c) Extensive farming (d) Mixed farming

(vii) Assertion (A): Groundwater is a crucial source of water for irrigation in India.
Reason (R): Groundwater is replenished solely through the melting of glaciers.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(viii) Which type of industry uses raw materials derived from agricultural products?
(a) Agro-based industry (b) Mineral-based industry
(c) Cottage industry (d) Heavy industry

(ix) Which Indian port handles the largest cargo traffic?

(a) Chennai Port (b) Kandla Port
(c) Mumbai Port (d) Vishakhapatnam Port

(x) Which of the following waste management processes is practiced here?

(a) Fermentation
(b) Segregation
(c) Composting
(d) Landfill

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) Monsoons are crucial to India’s weather system, bringing much-needed rain but also leading to droughts or
floods depending on their intensity and distribution. The winds that bring the monsoon are influenced by
several global and local factors.
(a) As a Geography student, explain why the Arabian Sea branch of the monsoon brings heavy rainfall to
the western coast of India.
(b) During which months does the northeast monsoon occur, and how does it impact the southern states of
India?

(ii) What is the source of retreating monsoon rainfall in each of the following states?
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Odisha

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) The Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon brings more rainfall to northeastern India.
(b) The eastern coastal regions receive rainfall during the retreating monsoon.
(c) Cyclonic activity is more common in the Bay of Bengal during the retreating monsoon.

(iv) Study the climatic data of Station A and answer the following questions:

Season Summer (Mar- Monsoon (Jun-Sep) Retreating Monsoon Winter (Dec-Feb)

May) (Oct-Nov)
Temperature (°C) 32.5 28.8 27.0 22.2

Rainfall (cm) 4.0 40.3 8.0 5.0

(a) What is the highest temperature recorded at Station A?

(b) Which season has the second-highest rainfall?
(c) What is the main climatic factor influencing the temperature variation between summer and winter?

QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in Kerala grows rubber in soil that is rich in aluminum and iron, while another farmer in Punjab
grows wheat in fertile, nutrient-rich soil.
(a) Identify the two soils being described.
(b) Suggest why the farmer in Kerala has limited crop choices compared to the farmer in Punjab.

(ii) With reference to soil erosion in India, answer the following questions:
(a) State two reasons why overgrazing contributes to soil erosion.
(b) Mention two agricultural practices that help prevent overgrazing-related erosion.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 18 Page 5

(iii) With reference to Alluvial Soil, answer the following:

(a) How does Alluvial Soil form over time?
(b) Why is Alluvial Soil good for cultivating paddy and wheat?
(c) Name two regions where Alluvial Soil is extensively found.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Black Soil is known for its ability to self-plough.
(b) Red Soil is commonly found in areas with high temperatures.
(c) Laterite Soil is used for growing plantation crops like tea and coffee.

QUESTION 6.

(i) During a trip to the Deccan Plateau, Rahul came across trees that shed their leaves during the dry season.
(a) What type of natural vegetation is this?
(b) Where in India can such forests be found?

(ii) (a) What makes tropical deciduous forests more suitable for agriculture than tropical evergreen forests?
(b) How does desert vegetation minimize water loss?

(iii) Explain three reasons why forest conservation is essential for controlling soil erosion.

(iv) (a) How does afforestation help in forest conservation?

(b) What is the impact of shifting cultivation on the environment?
(c) What conservation strategy involves replanting trees after deforestation?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two reasons why canal irrigation is preferred in certain areas of India.

(ii) Distinguish between traditional and modern water conservation methods.

(iii) (a) Name a state in India where tank irrigation is commonly used.
(b) Mention two geographical factors that make tank irrigation suitable in this state.

(iv) (a) What is meant by the term ‘over-extraction of groundwater’ ?

(b) Mention two negative consequences of over-extraction of groundwater.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India’s mineral resources, such as iron ore, bauxite, and copper, play a significant role in its industrial
and economic development. These minerals are the foundation of industries such as steel and aluminum
manufacturing. In parallel, India is promoting the use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind to
reduce its reliance on conventional fossil fuels.
(a) Why is iron ore crucial for India’s manufacturing sector?
(b) Mention two regions in India known for their copper deposits.

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(ii) With reference to hydropower projects in India, answer the following:

(a) On which river is the Hirakud Dam located?
(b) Name one state that benefits from the electricity generated by the Hirakud project.

(iii) (a) What is one advantage of using coal for energy production?
(b) Mention one environmental disadvantage of coal usage.
(c) Name two Indian states where coal reserves are found in abundance.

(iv)

(a) Identify the type of energy being processed in the above picture.
(b) Mention one key disadvantage of using this type of energy source.
(c) Why is the transition to cleaner energy sources important for reducing the environmental impact of
facilities like this?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two reforms initiated by the government to support small-scale farmers in India.

(ii) (a) State one key difference between extensive farming and plantation farming.
(b) Name the state that is the leading producer of sugarcane in India.

(iii) With reference to the cultivation of pulses, answer the following:

(a) Name a soil type suitable for the growth of pulses.
(b) Name two important pulse varieties grown in India.
(c) Give one reason why pulses are vital for soil fertility.

(iv) A farmer in Gujarat is growing groundnut.

(a) Name the process used to extract oil from groundnuts.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions needed for groundnut cultivation.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between the TISCO and Bhilai Steel Plants.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 18 Page 7

(ii) Explain two ways in which the electronics industry is crucial for India’s defense sector.

(iii) With reference to mineral-based industries, answer the following:

(a) State a reason for the importance of iron and steel in the construction industry.
(b) Why is the electronics industry a key player in modern technological advancements?
(c) Name any two leading electronics manufacturers in India.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Bhilai Steel Plant contributes to railway production in India.
(b) Petrochemical products are essential for producing industrial chemicals.
(c) Electronics manufacturing is increasingly focused on exports.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two disadvantages of using waterways.

(ii) Airways have improved access to global markets for Indian exporters. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which type of railway is generally used for tourist routes in hilly areas?
(b) Name the ministry responsible for inland waterways in India.
(c) Which international seaport is located in Gujarat?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Roadways are ideal for short-distance goods transport.
(b) Railways are more energy-efficient than roadways.
(c) Airways are important for international business travel.

QUESTION 12.

(i) What is the impact of waste generation on the following?

(a) Air quality
(b) Marine life

(ii) Why is composting considered an effective method of waste disposal?

(iii) Air pollution due to burning of waste materials can release harmful chemicals into the atmosphere.
Additionally, improper disposal of plastic waste severely harms marine ecosystems.
(a) Which method of waste management would have helped in reducing air pollution from waste?
(b) Mention one initiative schools can adopt to promote waste recycling.
(c) State one way in which household waste can be reduced.

(iv) (a) What is composting?

(b) Enumerate two advantages of recycling waste materials.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 19 Page 1

Sample Paper 19
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part.

QUESTION 1.
Study the extract of the survey of India map Sheet No. G43S10 (Eastings 57 to 65 and Northings 20 to 29) [Map
13] and answer the following questions:

(i) Calculate the area of the region shown in the map extract.

(ii) Give two evidences of seasonal rainfall observed in grid square 6021.

(iii) What does 280 in brown and 280 in black denote in grid square 6127?

(iv) (a) Explain the significance of the blue feature in grid square 6423.
(b) How has this feature helped the people of this region?

(v) Which is the most important settlement in the map extract? Give reasons t support your answer.

QUESTION 2.
On the outline map provided, mark and name:
(a) The capital of India.
(b) The Karakoram mountain range.
(c) Trace the course of the river the Bhakra-Nangal dam is built on. Name it.
(d) River Chenab.
(e) Shade and label one area of red soil in north-east India.
(f) Shade and name the Malabar Coast.
(g) Shade label the most densely populated state.

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(h) Mark and name the river Gomti.

(i) Mark with arrows the winds that bring temperate cyclones.
(j) The Nathu La Pass.

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) Which geographical factor does NOT significantly affect the climate of a region?
(a) Latitude (b) Vegetation
(c) Ocean currents (d) Soil type

(ii) Which method is used to prevent soil erosion on hilly slopes?

(a) Contour plowing (b) Over-irrigation
(c) Excessive use of fertilizers (d) Clear cutting

(iii) In which region of India are mangrove forests primarily found?

(a) Western Himalayas
(b) Sundarbans
(c) Western Ghats
(d) Thar Desert

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 19 Page 3

(iv) Bhakra Nangal Dam is primarily associated with which river?

(a) Ganges (b) Yamuna
(c) Sutlej (d) Krishna

(v) Which mineral is a primary source of aluminum production?

(a) Bauxite (b) Copper
(c) Manganese (d) Iron ore

(vi) Which soil is best suited for rice cultivation?

(a) Black soil (b) Alluvial soil
(c) Laterite soil (d) Red soil

(vii) Assertion (A): Rainwater harvesting is an effective method of water conservation.

Reason (R): Rainwater harvesting helps recharge groundwater and reduces surface runoff.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(viii) Which of the following industries is associated with TISCO?

(a) Cement (b) Steel
(c) Textiles (d) Paper

(ix) Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of air transport?

(a) Expensive fares
(b) Quick transportation
(c) High fuel consumption
(d) Limited reach in remote areas

(x) The image shows an irrigation method used in agriculture. What type of irrigation system is depicted in
the image?

(a) Sprinkler irrigation

(b) Drip irrigation
(c) Furrow irrigation
(d) Flood irrigation

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) India’s climate is characterized by a variety of factors, including the monsoon mechanism, geographical
features, and altitude. These factors result in differing rainfall and temperature patterns across the country.
(a) As a student of Geography, explain how the Western Ghats influence rainfall distribution during the
monsoon season.
(b) During which months does India experience the peak of the winter season, and how does it affect
northern India?

(ii) What is the source of winter winds in each of the following areas?
(a) Northern India
(b) Western India

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) The northern parts of India experience cold waves during the winter season.
(b) The coastal areas remain relatively warm during the winter.
(c) The Himalayas block the cold winds from Central Asia, affecting the climate of northern India.

(iv) Study the climatic data of Station B and answer the following questions:

Season Summer (Mar- Monsoon (Jun-Sep) Retreating Monsoon Winter (Dec-Feb)

May) (Oct-Nov)
Temperature (°C) 33.0 30.0 24.8 18.5

Rainfall (cm) 2.8 35.0 14.5 3.3

(a) What is the difference in rainfall between the monsoon and summer seasons at Station B?
(b) Which season experiences the lowest temperature?
(c) Name the wind that brings heavy rainfall during the monsoon season to Station B.

QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in Gujarat grows cotton on a dark, moisture-retentive soil, while another farmer in a plateau
region struggles with soil that has poor water retention and fertility.
(a) Identify the two soils being described.
(b) Explain why the farmer in Gujarat has higher cotton yields.

(ii) With reference to soil conservation, answer the following:

(a) Name two types of erosion caused by deforestation.
(b) Suggest two ways to reduce soil erosion in deforested areas.

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(iii) With reference to Black Soil, answer the following:

(a) What mineral composition makes Black Soil ideal for cotton farming?
(b) Why does Black Soil crack during dry seasons?
(c) Name two crops that grow well in Black Soil.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Alluvial Soil is highly fertile and ideal for rice cultivation.
(b) Red Soil requires irrigation and fertilization for better crop yields.
(c) Laterite Soil is found in regions with high temperatures and heavy rainfall.

QUESTION 6.

(i) While traveling through the Himalayas, Neha noticed a variety of tall trees growing at different altitudes.
(a) Which type of vegetation did she encounter?
(b) Name a specific region in the Himalayas where this type of vegetation is found.

(ii) (a) Why are tropical deciduous forests important for commercial purposes?
(b) How do desert plants store water for long periods of time?

(iii) List three ways forests help in controlling the greenhouse effect.

(iv) (a) What is the significance of people’s participation in forest conservation?

(b) Which type of cultivation has historically led to the destruction of forests in India?
(c) What practice involves planting saplings to rejuvenate degraded forest areas?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two ways how irrigation supports food security in India.

(ii) Distinguish between perennial and seasonal rivers in the context of water availability.

(iii) (a) Name a region in India where droughts frequently occur.

(b) Mention two irrigation methods that help mitigate the effects of drought in this region.

(iv) (a) What is meant by water conservation in urban areas?

(b) Mention two water conservation practices that are being implemented in Indian cities.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India’s mineral resources, including bauxite, iron ore, and manganese, are essential for its industrial
development. These minerals contribute to the production of steel, aluminum, and electrical equipment.
Alongside these resources, India is increasing its reliance on renewable energy sources to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions and ensure sustainable development.
(a) Why is bauxite important for aluminum production in India?
(b) Mention two uses of iron ore in India’s industrial sector.

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(ii) With reference to the Hirakud hydel power project, answer the following:
(a) On which river is the Hirakud Dam located?
(b) Name one state that benefits from the power generated by this dam.

(iii) (a) What is one benefit of using petroleum for energy?

(b) Mention one environmental drawback of petroleum use.
(c) Name two Indian states where petroleum is found.

(iv)

(a) Identify the type of energy being harnessed by the structures shown in the above picture.
(b) Mention one advantage of this form of energy over fossil fuels.
(c) Why is wind energy considered a key component of sustainable energy production?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two problems caused by soil degradation in Indian agriculture.

(ii) (a) State one difference between shifting cultivation and mixed farming.
(b) Name the state that is the leading producer of rice in India.

(iii) With reference to the cultivation of cotton, answer the following:

(a) Name a soil type suitable for the growth of cotton.
(b) Name any two varieties of cotton grown in India.
(c) Give one reason why cotton is important for India’s textile industry.

(iv) A farmer in Assam is growing tea.

(a) Name the process used to dry tea leaves after harvesting.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions needed for tea cultivation.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between TISCO and Rourkela Steel Plant.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the petrochemical industry contributes to the pharmaceutical sector.

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(iii) With reference to mineral-based and electronics industries, answer the following:
(a) State a reason why electronics manufacturing is increasing in India.
(b) Why is the availability of power critical for steel production?
(c) Name any two states where major electronics manufacturing hubs are located.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Rourkela Steel Plant is known for producing advanced alloys.
(b) The petrochemical industry is crucial for producing plastic products.
(c) Electronics production is essential for India’s export-driven economy.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two advantages of using roadways.

(ii) Water ways contribute to minimizing the environmental impact of transportation. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which rail gauge is commonly used in narrow and hilly areas of India?
(b) Name the authority responsible for the development of India’s air transport infrastructure.
(c) Which road connects the northeastern states to the rest of India?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Railways are essential for bulk transportation of coal.
(b) Airways play a significant role in disaster management.
(c) Waterways are the most cost-effective mode for large volumes of cargo.

QUESTION 12.

(i) What is the impact of waste on the following?

(a) Public health
(b) Natural habitats

(ii) Why is segregation of waste necessary?

(iii) Accumulation of waste, especially toxic and hazardous materials, can lead to long-term damage to natural
habitats and poses significant health risks to nearby communities.
(a) Which method of waste management would have helped in minimizing health risks in such cases?
(b) Mention one practice you can adopt in your neighborhood to reduce waste.
(c) State one benefit of reducing single-use plastics.

(iv) (a) What is reusing in terms of waste management?

(b) Enumerate two advantages of proper waste segregation.

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 20 Page 1

Sample Paper 20
ICSE Class X 2024-25
GEOGRAPHY
H.C.G. Paper - 2
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted. A total of five questions are to be
attempted from Part II.
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

PART - I
Attempt all questions from this part.

QUESTION 1.
Study the Survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7 (Eastings 22 to 30 and Northings 95 to 04) [Map 4] and answer
the following questions:

(i) (a) Define scale.

(b) What do the following denote? 25r in grid square 2798

(ii) (a) State the six-figure grid reference of T179.

(b) Why is the black line in grid square 2598 not continuous?

(iii) (a) What is the compass direction of Jorapura settlement from that of Bhadli Kotha?
(b) What does 180 in brown in grid square 2799 denote?

(iv) (a) What type of road would one have to take to travel from Godh in the south to Bhadli Kotha on the
banks of the Sipu?
(b) Why are aqueducts important to the people of this region?

(v) (a) On which bank of the Sipu Nadi is the settlement of Kotha situated?
(b) Explain the importance of the earthwork dam built across river Sipu.

QUESTION 2.
On The outline map provided, mark and name:
(a) India’s oldest oilfield

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(b) A region of black soil in India

(c) The Vinghyas
(d) Gulf of Kutch
(e) River Tapi
(f) Draw and name the winds that bring rain to Cherrapunji and Mawsynram during monsoon months.
(g) Mark and name River Indus
(h) Mount Kanchenjunga
(i) Name and mark an area of sparse population in Northern India
(j) Mark and name the IT capital of India

QUESTION 3.
Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only)

(i) Which of the following months marks the start of the Indian summer season?
(a) January (b) March
(c) September (d) November

(ii) In which of the following areas is laterite soil commonly found?

(a) Northern plains (b) Western Ghats
(c) Indo-Gangetic basin (d) Thar Desert

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ICSE 10th Geography Sample Paper 20 Page 3

(iii) Which of the following is NOT a benefit of forest conservation?

(a) Reduced soil erosion (b) Improved air quality
(c) Increased forest fires (d) Biodiversity preservation

(iv) Which of the following is a key advantage of hydel power over thermal power?
(a) Higher air pollution (b) Non-renewable
(c) Renewable energy (d) Expensive maintenance

(v) Which of the following is an advantage of solar energy?

(a) High carbon emissions (b) Non-renewable
(c) Unlimited supply (d) Causes air pollution

(vi) Which agricultural season is also known as the dry season crop?
(a) Rabi (b) Kharif
(c) Zaid (d) Monsoon

(vii) Assertion (A): Alluvial soil is highly fertile and supports the growth of crops like wheat and rice.
Reason (R): Alluvial soil is rich in potash and phosphoric acid, which are essential nutrients for plant
growth.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

(viii) Which industry primarily uses cotton as a raw material?

(a) Iron and steel (b) Petrochemical
(c) Textile (d) Cement

(ix) Which of the following is the most environmentally friendly mode of transport?
(a) Railways (b) Roadways
(c) Waterways (d) Airways

(x) The image shows a plant that produces a significant cash crop in many regions. What is the plant depicted
in the image?

(a) Jute (b) Cotton

(c) Silk (d) Flax

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PART - II
Attempt any five questions from this part

QUESTION 4.

(i) The climate of India is influenced by various factors such as latitude, altitude, and the presence of mountain
ranges like the Himalayas. The seasonal movement of winds and the monsoon system also play a crucial role
in temperature and rainfall distribution.
(a) As a student of Geography, explain how altitude affects the temperature distribution during the summer
season in India.
(b) During which months does India experience the retreating monsoon, and what impact does it have on
the southeastern regions?

(ii) What are the primary causes of temperature changes during winter in each of the following areas?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Kerala

(iii) Give reasons for the following:

(a) The northern plains of India experience severe heat waves during the pre-monsoon season.
(b) The Western Ghats act as a barrier to the southwest monsoon winds.
(c) The northeastern states of India receive heavy rainfall from the Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon.]

(iv) Study the climatic data of Station D and answer the following questions:

Season Summer (Mar- Monsoon (Jun-Sep) Retreating Monsoon Winter (Dec-Feb)

May) (Oct-Nov)
Temperature (°C) 35.0 31.2 28.0 23.4
Rainfall (cm) 1.8 42.5 9.3 6.1
(a) What is the range of temperature between the summer and winter seasons at Station D?
(b) Which season experiences the lowest rainfall?
(c) Name the wind system responsible for heavy rainfall during the monsoon season.

QUESTION 5.

(i) A farmer in Madhya Pradesh grows crops in a soil that retains moisture, while another farmer in Tamil
Nadu struggles with soil that hardens and cracks in the dry season.
(a) Identify the two soils being discussed.
(b) Why does the farmer in Madhya Pradesh achieve better crop production?

(ii) With reference to soil erosion in India, answer the following:

(a) Mention two agricultural practices that lead to soil erosion.
(b) Suggest two methods to prevent soil erosion in hilly regions.

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(iii) With reference to Red Soil, answer the following:

(a) How does Red Soil develop in regions with high temperatures?
(b) Why is Red Soil less fertile compared to Alluvial Soil?
(c) Name two crops that can be grown on Red Soil.

(iv) Give reasons for the following statements:

(a) Laterite Soil requires high rainfall for its formation.
(b) Alluvial Soil is deposited by rivers, making it highly fertile.
(c) Black Soil is good for growing crops like cotton due to its moisture retention.

QUESTION 6.

(i) While on a coastal tour, Arjun observed trees with thick, stilt-like roots growing in saline water.
(a) What type of vegetation is he observing?
(b) Name a specific region in India where such vegetation can be found.

(ii) (a) How do tropical evergreen forests contribute to India’s ecosystem?

(b) Why is the presence of thorny shrubs a common feature in desert vegetation?

(iii) Explain three reasons why forests are essential for maintaining ecological balance.

(iv) (a) How does community forestry benefit forest conservation?

(b) Which traditional agricultural practice in the northeast caused forest degradation?
(c) What is the process of planting native tree species to combat deforestation?

QUESTION 7.

(i) State two environmental benefits of rainwater harvesting.

(ii) Distinguish between surface water and ground water.

(iii) (a) Name a state in India where farmers rely on groundwater for irrigation.
(b) Mention two reasons why groundwater is an important source of irrigation in this state.

(iv) (a) Define Rainwater Harvesting.

(b) Explain two benefits of rainwater harvesting for rural communities.

QUESTION 8.

(i) India’s reserves of iron ore, copper, and bauxite are essential for the growth of its industrial base. Iron ore is
crucial for steel production, while copper is used in the electrical industry. Alongside these minerals, India is
investing in renewable energy sources like bio-gas and wind energy to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels.
(a) Why is copper essential for the electrical industry?
(b) Mention two Indian states where iron ore is mined.

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(ii) With reference to the Bhakra Nangal project, answer the following:
(a) On which river is the Bhakra Nangal Dam built?
(b) Name one state that benefits from the electricity generated by the Bhakra Nangal project.

(iii) (a) What is one advantage of using coal for electricity generation?
(b) Mention one environmental issue caused by coal usage.
(c) Name two regions in India where coal is mined.

(iv)

(a) Identify the purpose of the dam shown in the above picture.
(b) Mention one key benefit of the dam for electricity generation.
(c) Why is this dam important for sustainable energy production in India?

QUESTION 9.

(i) Mention two challenges faced by Indian farmers due to water scarcity.

(ii) (a) State one difference between subsistence farming and commercial farming.
(b) Name the state that is the leading producer of soybean in India.

(iii) With reference to the cultivation of rice, answer the following:

(a) Name a soil type suitable for the growth of rice.
(b) Name any two high-yielding varieties of rice grown in India.
(c) Give one reason why rice requires a high amount of water for cultivation.

(iv) A farmer in Rajasthan is growing mustard.

(a) Name the process used to extract oil from mustard seeds.
(b) Mention two climatic conditions needed for mustard cultivation.

QUESTION 10.

(i) Mention two points of difference between Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant and TISCO.

(ii) Explain two ways in which the iron and steel industry helps in the development of transportation
infrastructure.

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(iii) With reference to petrochemical and electronics industries, answer the following:
(a) State a reason why petrochemical industries are located near refineries.
(b) Why is the electronics industry a fast-growing sector in India?
(c) Name any two petrochemical products used in daily life.

(iv) Give one reason to explain each of the following:

(a) Bhilai Steel Plant plays a vital role in the production of defense equipment.
(b) Petrochemical products are key for the textile industry.
(c) Electronics are increasingly being used in the automation of various industries.

QUESTION 11.

(i) Mention two disadvantages of using railways.

(ii) Roadways are essential for transporting agricultural produce to markets. Explain.

(iii) (a) Which mode of transport is most commonly used for short-distance passenger travel in rural areas?
(b) Name the agency responsible for coastal and marine waterway development in India.
(c) Which national highway connects Mumbai and Chennai?

(iv) Give a reason for each of the following:

(a) Waterways are efficient for international trade routes.
(b) Roadways provide flexibility for delivery routes.
(c) Airways are the fastest mode for international travel.

QUESTION 12.

(i) What is the impact of waste on the following?

(a) Soil quality
(b) Aquatic plants and animals

(ii) Why is reducing waste generation important for environmental protection?

(iii) Waste accumulation in landfills can contaminate soil and harm local ecosystems, leading to poor agricultural
productivity and threatening aquatic biodiversity in nearby water bodies.
(a) Which method of waste management would have helped in preventing soil contamination?
(b) Mention one step schools can take to raise awareness about waste reduction.
(c) State one benefit of recycling food waste.

(iv) (a) What is dumping?

(b) Enumerate two advantages of reducing waste at its source.

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