Workplace Hazards Identification & Management

MR. HUMPHREY R. BAOLENE (BSc)

Learning Objectives

Learners must be able to :

 define OH&S Management System
 Appreciate aims of OH&S Management System
 Recognize elements of the OH&S Managements
 Able to do hazard identification in the workplace
 Relate the PDCA to OH&S management system
 Identify possible hazards prevention methods relevant the OH&S management system
 Carry out a risk assessment relevant to the OH&S management system
What is Occupational Health & Safety Management System? ISO
45001:2018

a) Is a set of processes and procedures that help an organization to manage its safety risks.

b) the framework or management approach taken by an organization to mitigate and control

safety risk in the workplace.

c) a series of policies and procedures organizations use to reduce accidents and illnesses in
the workplace

NB: OHSMS can be used to identify, assess, control, monitor health and safety risks
Can be designed to meet an organisation’s specific needs
Aim of OH&S management system

 The purpose of an OH&S management system is to provide a framework for

managing OH&S risks and opportunities.
 The aim and intended outcomes of the OH&S management system are to prevent
work-related injury and ill health to workers and to provide safe and healthy
workplaces; consequently,
 It is critically important for the organization to eliminate hazards and minimize OH&S
risks by taking effective preventive and protective measures.
Effective Occupational Health & Safety Management System can help businesses
to:

 Minimize the risks of workplace accidents and injuries

 Comply with relevant health & safety laws and regulations

 Improve employee morale and motivation

 Enhance the company’s image and reputation

 Reduce worker’s compensation costs

 OH&S Management System can..
 Improve efficiency ,communication and coordination amongst employees

 Reduce the potential for workplace accidents and injuries

 Ensure the workplace complies with relevant health and safety legislation

 Save your organisation time and money in the long run and prevent potential legal action
against your business
Occupational Health & Safety Management System should have:

 Clear policies, elements, processes and procedures regarding health and safety in the
workplace

NB: These should be communicated to all employees and regularly reviewed and updated as
necessary. The management should provide adequate resources to enable effective
implementation of safety policies and procedures
Characteristics of Occupational Health & Safety Management System

Affective OH&S Management System should have:

 clear policies and procedures in place
 commitment from top management to follow these procedures
 processes for hazard identification and risk assessment and procedures for introspecting and
improve the culture
 training on how to safely perform their jobs
 effective communication between workers and management on health and safety concerns
 an ongoing monitoring and evaluation to ensure that it works as intended
 Four key characteristics of a successful
occupational health and safety management
system

 A positive health and safety culture

 The involvement of all stakeholders

 An effective audit

 Continual improvement
Implementation of a Occupational Health &
Safety Management System
 Employees must know the system and its role

 Trained on how to use the system and be able to identify potential hazards

 Have a clear plan in place to do in the event of a accident or incident

 Employees should know who to contact and procedures for reporting an incident

 Reviewed regularly to ensure effectiveness

 Any changes or improvements should be communicated to all employees

OH&S policy
Top management shall establish, implement and maintain an OH&S policy that:

a) includes a commitment to provide safe and healthy working conditions for the prevention of work-related
injury and ill health and is appropriate to the purpose, size and context of the organization and to the specific
nature of its OH&S risks and OH&S opportunities;
b) provides a framework for setting the OH&S objectives;
c) includes a commitment to fulfil legal requirements and other requirements;
d) includes a commitment to eliminate hazards and reduce OH&S risks
e) includes a commitment to continual improvement of the OH&S management system;
f) includes a commitment to consultation and participation of workers, and, where they exist,workers’
representatives.
Elements of a Occupational Health & Safety Management System

PDCA Model
This is an iterative process used by organizations to achieve continual improvement. It can be
applied to a management system and to each of its individual elements, as follows:
Elements of a OH&S Management System
PDCA Cycle
Plan : establish health and safety
management standards based on the
risk assessment and legal requirement

Act: review against objectives and Do :implement plans to

standards and take appropriate achieve objectives and
action standards

Check: measure progress with

plans and compliance with
standards
Plan

 The planning phase includes policy statement that outlines the organizations health and safety
aims, objectives and commitment and lines of responsibility

 Risk assessment (hazard identification, risk determination and selection of controls)and occur
in this phase.

 Emergency procedures, relevant health and safety legal and other requirements should be
developed together with benchmarks from similar industries

 Organisational structure must be defined so that health and safety responsibilities are allocated
at all levels of the organizations

 Targets are agreed upon within an organisation

Do (Implementation)

• Good communication at all levels in the organization

• Employee participation as both worker representatives and on safety committee

• Effective communication with the workforce for example with clear, safe systems of work and other
health and safety procedures will aid the implementation and operation of the plan and produce
continual improvement of performance which is the key requirement for all management systems

• Effective communication with stakeholders, such as regulators, contractors, customers and trade
unions

• Performance phase must be monitored regularly as it indicates whether there is an effective

occupational health and safety management system and a good health and safety culture within
the organization
Check (Performance Assessment Phase)
The check phase may be either active, reactive or ideally a combination

Active assessment includes:

 Work –based inspections and audits
 Regular health and safety committee meetings
 Feedback from training sessions and constant review of risk assessments

Reactive assessment relies on

 records of accidents and work – related injuries
 Ill – health and near –misses
 Any enforcement notices
 Any recommended remedial or preventative actions must be implemented immediately and
monitored regularly
Act (Performance Improvement Phase)

 Involves a review of the effectiveness of the health and safety management system and
the identification of any weakness

 In the review, the organization‘s management will assess whether targets have been met
and the reasons for any under-performance

 Issues such as the level of available resources, the vigilance of supervisors and the level
of cooperation of the workplace should be considered at the review stage

 The review process must define a timescale by which improvements are implemented
and this part must be monitored
 Continual improvement implies a commitment to proactively improving performance without
waiting for a formal review

 Most management systems include audit requirement which may be either internal or external
or both

 The audit process examines the effectives of the whole management process and may act as a
control on the review process

 Many inquiry reports into health and safety management systems issues have asserted that
health and safety performance should be subject to audit in same way that financial
performance must be audited
Planning and Implementation:
Plan for effectiveness and efficiency of operations, the following items should be provided;
 Adequate resources “competent workforce, relevant machinery and work equipment’s”
 Appropriate workplace safe work procedures and systems
 Method statements
 Development of safety and health plans, standardized forms, and documents
 Strategies to execute plans

Implementation: taking all plans, procedures, will be taken into practice to execute the intentions,
aim and objectives of the organization. Appropriate procedures will be used as per work activity
performed to safeguard or protect the employees from harm, such as;
 Carry-out pre task assessment and make some analysis
 Training workforce,
 Provision and use of personal protective equipment’s,
 Introduction of engineering controls when necessary,
 Record keeping
 Incident reporting, recording and investigation.
Measuring performance

Following-up on what have been implemented is crucial, in order to identify system’s “gaps” weaknesses
and strengths.
Pro-active procedures such as safety inspections can be used to oversee the behaviour of operations,
workplace environment, workplace equipment’s, installations if any and specific or general precautions in
use.
The key performance indicators should also be considered because they define the true view of existing
occupational health and safety management system.
The degree of existing management system should be checked at least once in a year for compliance and
non-compliance.
This will enable the organization to suggest remedies in order to meet the requirements of standards if gaps
were identified or they are some new recommendations by standards.
In ensuring effectiveness of the OH&S management system :

 Top Management should be accountable and supportive to all functions which collectively contributes
positively to operations.
 Employees safety is the responsibility of everyone in the organization therefore individuals with be required
to play their role in order to accomplish health and safety mission or goal which is to achieve no
injuries/illnesses (ZERO HARM)
In order to promote positive health and safety culture, promote competency, make informed decisions, and to
make safety a collaborative activity, so responsibilities should be clearly defined to everyone within the
organization. It should spell-out who is accountable for health safety matters;
 Reporting, recording and investigating workplace incidents
 Fire prevention and protection within the premises
 Emergency procedures such as evacuation procedure and fire drills
 Rendering first aid services
 Training the workforce
 Inspecting, maintaining and testing installations
Performance review

Performance review is a formal, structured crucial and critical meeting which held periodical, at least once in a year and it
always includes management of the organization. The primary reason of management reviews is to evaluate and review
the effectiveness of existing occupational health and safety Management System, to check compliance and ensure
continual improvement. It normally helps the organization to:
 Attain the expected or foreseeable results
 Meets the organization’s pre-requisites or stated standards
 Performs in accordance with best practices or procedures and well established processes
 Identify non-compliance and corrective actions
 It gives the management an overview of changes arises in work processes due to introduction of new machinery and
hazardous substances and it also allows them to revise and updates the system
 It is a legal responsibility of top manager “CEO” to account, organize, implement, monitor and revise the
management system requirements, this will purely show that indeed the management is committed and supportive.
Continual Improvement

The occupational health and safety management system should be repetitively checked and
always when measures are suggested, or they are some new developments of the standards,
should be implemented, monitored and reviewed if necessary or on regular intervals.

To enhance or improve the standard of the system and operations, the system itself should be
cyclical in nature ‘review after review.

This reviews will eliminate all workplace hazards or unwanted events therefore building a strong
system which will prevent, detect and control safety threats.
The review process;

 The top managers plan for the revision of the system

 Decide when to review the occupational health and safety management system

 Suggest areas or topics to be discussed or focused

 Primary aim is to check for compliance and decide on corrective plan which in future will determine
the system performance, therefore key performance indicators should be observed.

 They have to produce a report indicating areas of compliance, and were improvement is need.
Hazard Identification

This is the process of examining each work area and work task for the purpose of identifying all the hazards
which are “inherent in the job”. Work areas include but are not limited to machine workshops, laboratories,
office areas, agricultural and horticultural environments, stores and transport, maintenance and grounds,
reprographics, and lecture theatres and teaching spaces. Tasks can include (but may not be limited to) using
screen based equipment, audio and visual equipment, industrial equipment, hazardous substances and/or
teaching/dealing with people, driving a vehicle, dealing with emergency situations, construction. This process
is about finding what could cause harm in work task or area
Hazard identification
The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a process (es) for hazard identification
that
is ongoing and proactive. The process (es) shall take into account, but not be limited to:

a) how work is organized, social factors (including workload, work hours, victimization, harassment
and bullying), leadership and the culture in the organization;

b) routine and non-routine activities and situations, including hazards arising from:
• infrastructure, equipment, materials, substances and the physical conditions of the workplace;
• product and service design, research, development, testing, production, assembly, construction,
• service delivery, maintenance and disposal;
• human factors;
• how the work is performed;

c) past relevant incidents, internal or external to the organization, including emergencies, and
their causes;

d) potential emergency situations;

e) people, including consideration of:
 those with access to the workplace and their activities, including workers, contractors, visitors
and other persons;
 those in the vicinity of the workplace who can be affected by the activities of the organization;
 workers at a location not under the direct control of the organization;

f) other issues, including consideration of:

 the design of work areas, processes, installations, machinery/equipment, operating procedures
and work organization, including their adaptation to the needs and capabilities of the workers involved;
 situations occurring in the vicinity of the workplace caused by work-related activities under the control of the
organization;
 situations not controlled by the organization and occurring in the vicinity of the workplace that can cause
injury and ill health to persons in the workplace;

g) actual or proposed changes in organization, operations, processes, activities and the OH&S
management system;

h) changes in knowledge of, and information about, hazards.

Process of hazard identification
Planning an assessment
When planning an assessment you should consider the Hazard identification
target, expertise needed and methods for an assessment This is when you spot the hazard
an, collect information about existing workplace hazards using checklists, risk analysis
methods, exposure to human etc.

Evaluation of the actions

check for validity or accuracy Assessing the risk means working
or effectiveness of your out how likely it is that a hazard will
controls harm someone and how serious
the harm could be.

Controls
Sometimes you may be able to fix
simple hazards yourself, as long as you
don't put yourself or others at risk. If it is This where an appropriate
something you cannot control, report to decision is taken as to how the
relevant people. hazards may be eliminated.
To identify and assess hazards, employers and workers:
 Collect and review information about the hazards present or likely to be present in the workplace.
 Conduct initial and periodic workplace inspections of the workplace to identify new or recurring hazards.
 Investigate injuries, illnesses, incidents, and close calls/near misses to determine the underlying hazards,
their causes, and safety and health program shortcomings.
 Conduct risk analysis to identify contributors to existence of hazards and incident occurrences
 Group similar incidents and identify trends in injuries, illnesses, and hazards reported.
 Consider hazards associated with emergency or non-routine situations.
 For each hazard identified, determine the severity and likelihood of incidents that could result, and use this
information to prioritize corrective actions.
Some hazards, such as housekeeping and tripping hazards, can and should be fixed as they are found. Fixing
hazards on the spot emphasizes the importance of safety and health and takes advantage of a safety
leadership opportunity.
Action item 1: Collect existing information about workplace hazards
Information on workplace hazards may already be available to employers and workers from both
internal and external sources.
How to accomplish it
Collect, organize, and review information with workers to determine what types of hazards may be present and which
workers may be exposed or potentially exposed.
Information available in the workplace may include:
 Equipment and machinery operating manuals
 MSDSs provided by chemical manufacturers
 Self-inspection reports and inspection reports from insurance carriers, government agencies, and consultants
 Records of previous injuries and illnesses, such as OSHA 300 and 301 logs and reports of incident
investigations
 Workers’ compensation records and reports
 Patterns of frequently occurring injuries and illnesses
 Exposure monitoring results, industrial hygiene assessments, and medical records (appropriately redacted to
ensure patient/worker privacy)
 Existing safety and health programs (lockout/ tag out, confined spaces, process safety management, PPE,
etc.)
 Input from workers, including surveys or minutes from safety and health committee meetings
 Results of job hazard analyses (JHAs, also known as job safety analyses or JSAs)
Information about hazards may be available from outside sources, such as:

 Botswana Chambers of Mines, Department of Occupational Safety and Health, and Ministry

of health and wellness websites, publications, and alerts.

 Trade associations.

 Labour unions, state and local occupational safety and health committees/coalitions and

worker advocacy groups.

 Safety and health consultants

Action item 2: Inspect the workplace for safety hazards
Hazards can be introduced over time as workstations and processes change, equipment or tools become worn, maintenance is neglected, or
housekeeping practices decline. Setting aside time to regularly inspect the workplace for hazards can help identify shortcomings so that they can be
addressed before an incident occurs.
How to accomplish it
 Conduct regular inspections of all operations, equipment, work areas, and facilities. Have workers participate on the inspection team, and talk to them about hazards
that they see or report.
 Be sure to document inspections so you can later verify that hazardous conditions are corrected. Take photos or video of problem areas to facilitate later discussion
and brainstorming about how to control them, and for use as learning aids.
 Include all areas and activities in these inspections, such as storage and warehousing, facility and equipment maintenance, purchasing and office functions, and the
activities of on-site contractors, subcontractors, and temporary employees.
 Regularly inspect both plant vehicles (e.g., forklifts, powered industrial trucks) and transportation vehicles (e.g., cars, trucks).
 Use checklists that highlight things to look for. Typical hazards fall into several major categories, such as those listed below; each workplace will have its own list:
• General housekeeping
• Slip, trip, and fall hazards
• Electrical hazards
• Equipment operation
• Equipment maintenance
• Fire protection
• Work organization and process flow (including staffing and scheduling)
• Work practices
• Workplace violence
• Ergonomic problems
• Lack of emergency procedures
 Before changing operations, workstations, or workflow; making major organizational changes; or introducing new equipment, materials, or processes, seek the input
of workers and evaluate the planned changes for potential hazards and related risks.
Action item 3: Identify health hazards
Identifying workers’ exposure to health hazards is typically more complex than identifying physical safety hazards. For
example, gases and vapours may be invisible, often have no odour, and may not have an immediately noticeable harmful
health effect. Health hazards include chemical hazards (solvents, adhesives, paints, toxic dusts, etc.), physical hazards
(noise, radiation, heat, vibration), biological hazards (infectious diseases), and ergonomic risk factors (heavy lifting, repetitive
motions, vibration). Reviewing workers’ medical records (appropriately redacted to ensure patient/worker privacy) can be
useful in identifying health hazards associated with workplace exposures.

How to accomplish it
 Identify chemical hazards—review SDSs and product labels to identify chemicals in your workplace that have low
exposure limits, are highly volatile, or are used in large quantities or in unventilated spaces. Identify activities that may
result in skin exposure to chemicals.
 Identify physical hazards—identify any exposures to excessive noise (areas where you must raise your voice to be
heard by others), elevated heat (indoor and outdoor), or sources of radiation (radioactive materials, X-rays, or
radiofrequency radiation).
 Identify biological hazards—determine whether workers may be exposed to sources of infectious diseases, molds, toxic
or poisonous plants, or animal materials (fur or scat) capable of causing allergic reactions or occupational asthma.
 Identify ergonomic risk factors—examine work activities that require heavy lifting, work above shoulder height, repetitive
motions, or tasks with significant vibration.
 Conduct quantitative exposure assessments, when possible, using air sampling or direct reading instruments.
 Review medical records to identify cases of musculoskeletal injuries, skin irritation or dermatitis, hearing loss, or lung
disease that may be related to workplace exposures.
Action item 4 (A): Conduct incident investigations
Workplace incidents—including injuries, illnesses, close calls/near misses, and reports of other concerns—
provide a clear indication of where hazards exist. By thoroughly investigating incidents and reports, you will
identify hazards that are likely to cause future harm. The purpose of an investigation must always be to identify
the root causes (and there is often more than one) of the incident or concern, in order to prevent future
occurrences.
How to accomplish it
 Develop a clear plan and procedure for conducting incident investigations, so that an investigation can begin
immediately when an incident occurs. The plan should cover items such as:
o Who will be involved
o Lines of communication
o Materials, equipment, and supplies needed
o Reporting forms and templates
 Train investigative teams on incident investigation techniques, emphasizing objectivity and open-mindedness
throughout the investigation process.
 Conduct investigations with a trained team that includes representatives of both management and workers.
 Investigate close calls/near misses.
 Identify and analyse root causes to address underlying program shortcomings that allowed the incidents to
happen.
 Communicate the results of the investigation to managers, supervisors, and workers to prevent recurrence.
Action Item 4 (B): Conduct risk analysis to identify contributors to existence of hazards and incident occurrences
Risk analysis is a systematic examination method, and most commonly used in different industries. It aims at identifying the
potential incident contributors, evaluating the amount of risk and finding risk-reducing measures. Risk analysis methods
can identify system failures following both technical defects and human errors. Risk analysis methods used mainly in the
industry include Hazard and operability studies, Failure Mode-Effect Analysis and Fault-Tree Analysis.

Action item 5: Identify hazards associated with emergency and non-routine situations
Emergencies present hazards that need to be recognized and understood. Non-routine or infrequent tasks, including maintenance and
start-up/shutdown activities, also present potential hazards. Plans and procedures need to be developed for responding appropriately
and safely to hazards associated with foreseeable emergency scenarios and non-routine situations.

How to accomplish it
Identify foreseeable emergency scenarios and non-routine tasks, taking into account the types of material and equipment in use and
the location within the facility. Scenarios such as the following may be foreseeable:
 Fires and explosions
 Chemical releases
 Hazardous material spills
 Start-ups after planned or unplanned equipment shutdowns
 Non-routine tasks, such as infrequently performed maintenance activities
 Structural collapse
 Disease outbreaks
 Weather emergencies and natural disasters
 Medical emergencies
 Workplace violence
Action item 6: Characterize the nature of identified hazards, identify interim control measures,
and prioritize the hazards for control

The next step is to assess and understand the hazards identified and the types of incidents that could result
from worker exposure to those hazards. This information can be used to develop interim controls and to
prioritize hazards for permanent control (see “Hazard Prevention and Control”).
How to accomplish it
 Evaluate each hazard by considering the severity of potential outcomes, the likelihood that an event or
exposure will occur, and the number of workers who might be exposed.
 Use interim control measures to protect workers until more permanent solutions can be implemented.
 Prioritize the hazards so that those presenting the greatest risk are addressed first. Note, however, that
employers have an ongoing obligation to control all serious recognized hazards and to protect workers.
Methods of hazard prevention
To effectively control and prevent hazards, employers should:

 Involve workers, who often have the best understanding of the conditions that create hazards and insights
into how they can be controlled.
 Identify and evaluate options for controlling hazards, using a “hierarchy of controls.”
 Use a hazard control plan to guide the selection and implementation of controls, and implement controls
according to the plan.
 Develop plans with measures to protect workers during emergencies and non-routine activities.
 Evaluate the effectiveness of existing controls to determine whether they continue to provide protection, or
whether different controls may be more effective. Review new technologies for their potential to be more
protective, more reliable, or less costly.
Action item 1: Identify control options
A wealth of information exists to help employers investigate options for controlling identified hazards.
Before selecting any control options, it is essential to solicit workers’ input on their feasibility and effectiveness.

How to accomplish it
 Review sources such as OSH standards and guidance, industry consensus standards, OSH publications,
manufacturers’ literature, and engineering reports to identify potential control measures. Keep current on
relevant information from trade or professional associations.
 Investigate control measures used in other workplaces and determine whether they would be effective at your
workplace
 Get input from workers who may be able to suggest and evaluate solutions based on their knowledge of the
facility, equipment, and work processes. For complex hazards, consult with safety and health experts, including
OSH’s On-site Consultation Program.
Action item 2: Select controls Employers should select the controls that are the most
feasible, effective, and permanent.

How to accomplish it
 Eliminate or control all serious hazards (hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious
physical harm) immediately.
 Use interim controls while you develop and implement longer-term solutions.
 Select controls according to a hierarchy that emphasizes engineering solutions (including elimination or
substitution) first, followed by safe work practices, administrative controls, and finally PPE.

 Avoid selecting controls that may

directly or indirectly introduce new
hazards. Examples include exhausting
contaminated air into occupied work
spaces or using hearing protection that
makes it difficult to hear backup alarms.
 Review and discuss control options with
workers to ensure that controls are
feasible and effective.
 Use a combination of control options
when no single method fully protects
workers.
Action item 3: Develop and update a hazard control plan

A hazard control plan describes how the selected controls will be implemented. An effective plan will address
serious hazards first. Interim controls may be necessary, but the overall goal is to ensure effective long-term
control of hazards. It is important to track progress toward completing the control plan, and periodically (at least
annually and when conditions, processes, or equipment change) verify that controls remain effective.

How to accomplish it

 List the hazards needing controls in order of priority.

 Assign responsibility for installing or implementing the controls to a specific person or persons with the
power or ability to implement the controls.
 Establish a target completion date.
 Plan how you will track progress toward completion.
 Plan how you will verify the effectiveness of controls after they are installed or implemented.
Action item 4: Select controls to protect workers during non-routine operations and
emergencies
The hazard control plan should include provisions to protect workers during non-routine operations and
foreseeable emergencies. Depending on the workplace, these could include fires, explosions, chemical
releases, hazardous material spills, unplanned equipment shutdowns, infrequent maintenance activities, natural
and weather disasters, workplace violence, terrorist or criminal attacks, disease outbreaks (e.g., pandemic
influenza), or medical emergencies. Non-routine tasks, or tasks workers don’t normally do, should be
approached with particular caution. Prior to initiating such work, review JSAs/JHAs with any workers involved
and notify others about the nature of the work, work schedule, and any necessary precautions.
How to accomplish it
 Develop procedures to control hazards that may arise during non-routine operations (e.g., removing
machine guarding during maintenance and repair).
 Develop or modify plans to control hazards that may arise in emergency situations.
 Procure any equipment needed to control emergency-related hazards.
 Assign responsibilities for implementing the emergency plan.
 Conduct emergency drills to ensure that procedures and equipment provide adequate protection during
emergency situations.
Action item 5: Implement selected controls in the workplace
Once hazard prevention and control measures have been identified, they should be implemented according to
the hazard control plan.

How to accomplish it
 Implement hazard control measures according to the priorities established in the hazard control plan.
 When resources are limited, implement measures on a “worst-first” basis, according to the hazard ranking
priorities (risk) established during hazard identification and assessment. (Note, however, that regardless of
limited resources, employers have an obligation to protect workers from recognized, serious hazards.)
 Promptly implement any measures that are easy and inexpensive—such as general housekeeping,
removal of obvious tripping hazards such as electrical cords, and basic lighting—regardless of the level of
hazard they involve.
Action item 6: Follow up to confirm that controls are effective
To ensure that control measures are and remain effective, employers should track progress in
implementing controls, inspect and evaluate controls once they are installed, and follow routine
preventive maintenance practices.

How to accomplish it
 Track progress and verify implementation by asking the following questions:
• Have all control measures been implemented according to the hazard control plan?
• Have engineering controls been properly installed and tested?
• Have workers been appropriately trained so that they understand the controls, including how to
operate engineering controls, safe work practices, and PPE use requirements?
• Are controls being used correctly and consistently?
 Conduct regular inspections (and industrial hygiene monitoring, if indicated) to confirm that engineering
controls are operating as designed.
 Evaluate control measures to determine if they are effective or need to be modified. Involve workers in the
evaluation of the controls. If controls are not effective, identify, select, and implement further control
measures that will provide adequate protection.
 Confirm that work practices, administrative controls, and PPE use policies are being followed.
 Conduct routine preventive maintenance of equipment, facilities, and controls to help prevent incidents due
to equipment failure
Any questions?