1.

In terms of writing systems, Ethiopia's principal orthography is the Ge'ez script, employed as an abugida
A. These include Arabic script for writing some Ethiopian languages spoken by Muslim populations and
B. In terms of writing systems, Ethiopia's principal orthography is the Ge'ez script, employed as an abu
C. Hudson wrote, "Assuming that a language with fewer than 10,000 speakers is endangered, or likely
D. However, a number of Ethiopian languages never have had populations even that high, so it is not c

2. A number of Ethiopian languages are endangered: they may not be spoken in one or two generations an
A. The languages of Ethiopia include the official languages of Ethiopia, its national and regional langua
B. Although additional languages are used, Amharic is still predominantly spoken by all ethnic groups i
C. A number of Ethiopian languages are endangered: they may not be spoken in one or two generation
D. According to Glottolog, there are 109 languages spoken in Ethiopia, while Ethnologue lists 90 individ

3. English is the most widely spoken foreign language and is taught in many schools.
A. English is the most widely spoken foreign language and is taught in many schools.
B. However, in academic linguistics, "Nilotic" is only part of "Nilo-Saharan", a segment of the larger Nilo
C. This is a marked change to the language policies of previous governments in Ethiopia.
D. Italian is still spoken by some parts of the population, mostly among the older generation, and is tau

4. Somali is the official working language of Somali Region and Dire Dawa, while Afar, Harari, and Tigrinya
A. Charles A. Ferguson proposed the Ethiopian language area, characterized by shared grammatical a
B. 41 of the living languages are institutional, 14 are developing, 18 are vigorous, 8 are in danger of ex
C. Somali is the official working language of Somali Region and Dire Dawa, while Afar, Harari, and Tigr
D. English is the most widely spoken foreign language and is taught in many schools.

5. The real number may be lower or higher.

A. A number of Ethiopian languages are endangered: they may not be spoken in one or two generation
B. Amharic is recognised as the official working language of Amhara Region, Benishangul-Gumuz, Sou
C. Furthermore, Amharic is considered a holy language by the Rastafari religion and is widely used am
D. The real number may be lower or higher.

6. Other Afroasiatic languages with a significant number of speakers include the Cushitic Sidamo, Afar, Ha
A. Recently the Ethiopian Government announced that Afar, Amharic, Oromo, Somali, and Tigrinya are
B. English is the most widely spoken foreign language and is taught in many schools.
C. Other Afroasiatic languages with a significant number of speakers include the Cushitic Sidamo, Afar
D. In terms of writing systems, Ethiopia's principal orthography is the Ge'ez script, employed as an abu
7. Today, many Cushitic, Omotic, and Nilo-Saharan languages are written in Roman/Latin script.
A. Today, many Cushitic, Omotic, and Nilo-Saharan languages are written in Roman/Latin script.
B. For instance, it was the primary writing system for Afan Oromo until 1991.
C. The new language policies after the 1991 revolution have strengthened the use of a number of lang
D. This sprachbund includes the Afroasiatic languages of Ethiopia, not the Nilo-Saharan languages.

8. According to Glottolog, there are 109 languages spoken in Ethiopia, while Ethnologue lists 90 individual
A. According to Glottolog, there are 109 languages spoken in Ethiopia, while Ethnologue lists 90 individ
B. These include Arabic script for writing some Ethiopian languages spoken by Muslim populations and
C. Nilo-Saharan
D. Other writing systems have also been used over the years by different Ethiopian communities.

9. Amharic was the language of primary school instruction, but has been replaced in many areas by region
A. Although additional languages are used, Amharic is still predominantly spoken by all ethnic groups i
B. Amharic was the language of primary school instruction, but has been replaced in many areas by re
C. Italian is still spoken by some parts of the population, mostly among the older generation, and is tau
D. English is the most widely spoken foreign language, the medium of instruction in secondary schools

10. Recently the Ethiopian Government announced that Afar, Amharic, Oromo, Somali, and Tigrinya are ad
A. Recently the Ethiopian Government announced that Afar, Amharic, Oromo, Somali, and Tigrinya are
B. 41 of the living languages are institutional, 14 are developing, 18 are vigorous, 8 are in danger of ex
C. English is the most widely spoken foreign language, the medium of instruction in secondary schools
D. The former includes the Oromo language, spoken by the Oromo, and Somali, spoken by the Somali

11. Oromo serves as the official working language and the primary language of education in Oromia, Hara
A. Oromo serves as the official working language and the primary language of education in Oromia, Ha
B. Amharic and Tigrinya have both borrowed some words from the Italian language.
C. Amharic and Tigrinya have both borrowed some words from the Italian language.
D. According to data from 2021 from Ethnologue, the largest first languages are: Arabic, which also be

12. Charles A. Ferguson proposed the Ethiopian language area, characterized by shared grammatical and
A. Amharic is the most widely spoken and written language in Ethiopia.
B. Charles A. Ferguson proposed the Ethiopian language area, characterized by shared grammatical a
C. Most of the Ethiopian Jewish communities in Ethiopia and Israel speak it too.
D. Hudson wrote, "Assuming that a language with fewer than 10,000 speakers is endangered, or likely
13. Italian is still spoken by some parts of the population, mostly among the older generation, and is taught
A. Ge'ez now serves as the liturgical language of the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox and Catholic Ch
B. Italian is still spoken by some parts of the population, mostly among the older generation, and is tau
C. The Ethiopic script first came into usage in the sixth and fifth centuries BC as an abjad to transcribe
D. There is still no agreement among scholars on this point, but Tosco has at least weakened Ferguso

14. 41 of the living languages are institutional, 14 are developing, 18 are vigorous, 8 are in danger of extinc
A. 41 of the living languages are institutional, 14 are developing, 18 are vigorous, 8 are in danger of ex
B. However, a number of Ethiopian languages never have had populations even that high, so it is not c
C. Hudson wrote, "Assuming that a language with fewer than 10,000 speakers is endangered, or likely
D. Charles A. Ferguson proposed the Ethiopian language area, characterized by shared grammatical a

15. Arabic, which also belongs to the Afroasiatic family, is likewise spoken in some areas.
A. Hudson wrote, "Assuming that a language with fewer than 10,000 speakers is endangered, or likely
B. Arabic, which also belongs to the Afroasiatic family, is likewise spoken in some areas.
C. Additionally, three million emigrants outside of Ethiopia speak Amharic.
D. Many Muslim Ethiopians are also able to speak Arabic because of their religious background.

16. Amharic is the most widely spoken and written language in Ethiopia.
A. Amharic is the most widely spoken and written language in Ethiopia.
B. The languages of Ethiopia include the official languages of Ethiopia, its national and regional langua
C. The real number may be lower or higher.
D. Most people in the country speak Afroasiatic languages of the Cushitic or Semitic branches.

17. Other writing systems have also been used over the years by different Ethiopian communities.
A. English is the most widely spoken foreign language and is taught in many schools.
B. Nilo-Saharan
C. Other writing systems have also been used over the years by different Ethiopian communities.
D. Italian is still spoken by some parts of the population, mostly among the older generation, and is tau

18. Publications specifically about endangered languages in Ethiopia include: Appleyard (1998), Hayward
A. The various regions of Ethiopia and chartered cities are free to determine their own working languag
B. This sprachbund includes the Afroasiatic languages of Ethiopia, not the Nilo-Saharan languages.
C. Publications specifically about endangered languages in Ethiopia include: Appleyard (1998), Haywa
D. Although additional languages are used, Amharic is still predominantly spoken by all ethnic groups i
19. Oromo language serves as the official working language and the primary language of education in the
A. Charles A. Ferguson proposed the Ethiopian language area, characterized by shared grammatical a
B. According to Glottolog, there are 109 languages spoken in Ethiopia, while Ethnologue lists 90 individ
C. Oromo language serves as the official working language and the primary language of education in th
D. Although now it is only one of the five official languages of Ethiopia, together with Oromo, Somali, A

20. Italian is still spoken by some parts of the population, mostly among the older generation, and is taught
A. This sprachbund includes the Afroasiatic languages of Ethiopia, not the Nilo-Saharan languages.
B. Together, these four groups make up about three-quarters of Ethiopia's population.
C. A number of Ethiopian languages are endangered: they may not be spoken in one or two generation
D. Italian is still spoken by some parts of the population, mostly among the older generation, and is tau

21. This is a marked change to the language policies of previous governments in Ethiopia.
A. This is a marked change to the language policies of previous governments in Ethiopia.
B. Arabic, which also belongs to the Afroasiatic family, is likewise spoken in some areas.
C. According to Glottolog, there are 109 languages spoken in Ethiopia, while Ethnologue lists 90 individ
D. Together, these four groups make up about three-quarters of Ethiopia's population.

22. According to data from 2021 from Ethnologue, the largest first languages are: Arabic, which also belon
A. The Ethiopic script first came into usage in the sixth and fifth centuries BC as an abjad to transcribe
B. According to data from 2021 from Ethnologue, the largest first languages are: Arabic, which also bel
C. In Washington DC, Amharic became one of the six non-English languages in the Language Access
D. A number of Ethiopian languages are endangered: they may not be spoken in one or two generation

23. Of the languages spoken in Ethiopia, 91 are living and 1 is extinct.

A. Furthermore, Amharic is considered a holy language by the Rastafari religion and is widely used am
B. According to Glottolog, there are 109 languages spoken in Ethiopia, while Ethnologue lists 90 individ
C. English is the most widely spoken foreign language, the medium of instruction in secondary schools
D. Of the languages spoken in Ethiopia, 91 are living and 1 is extinct.

24. Although additional languages are used, Amharic is still predominantly spoken by all ethnic groups in A
A. The new language policies after the 1991 revolution have strengthened the use of a number of langu
B. Although additional languages are used, Amharic is still predominantly spoken by all ethnic groups i
C. Nilo-Saharan
D. Hudson wrote, "Assuming that a language with fewer than 10,000 speakers is endangered, or likely
25. There is still no agreement among scholars on this point, but Tosco has at least weakened Ferguson's
A. Furthermore, Amharic is considered a holy language by the Rastafari religion and is widely used am
B. The various regions of Ethiopia and chartered cities are free to determine their own working languag
C. After the fall of the Derg in 1991, the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia granted all ethnic groups the righ
D. There is still no agreement among scholars on this point, but Tosco has at least weakened Ferguso

26. For instance, it was the primary writing system for Afan Oromo until 1991.
A. English is the most widely spoken foreign language, the medium of instruction in secondary schools
B. For instance, it was the primary writing system for Afan Oromo until 1991.
C. According to Glottolog, there are 109 languages spoken in Ethiopia, while Ethnologue lists 90 individ
D. The new language policies after the 1991 revolution have strengthened the use of a number of lang

27. Somali is the official working language of Somali Region and Dire Dawa, while Afar, Harari, and Tigriny
A. In terms of writing systems, Ethiopia's principal orthography is the Ge'ez script, employed as an abu
B. 41 of the living languages are institutional, 14 are developing, 18 are vigorous, 8 are in danger of ex
C. The former includes the Oromo language, spoken by the Oromo, and Somali, spoken by the Somali
D. Somali is the official working language of Somali Region and Dire Dawa, while Afar, Harari, and Tigr

28. The former includes the Oromo language, spoken by the Oromo, and Somali, spoken by the Somali; th
A. However, in academic linguistics, "Nilotic" is only part of "Nilo-Saharan", a segment of the larger Nilo
B. Amharic is the most widely spoken and written language in Ethiopia.
C. Of the languages spoken in Ethiopia, 91 are living and 1 is extinct.
D. The former includes the Oromo language, spoken by the Oromo, and Somali, spoken by the Somali

29. However, in academic linguistics, "Nilotic" is only part of "Nilo-Saharan", a segment of the larger Nilo-S
A. However, in academic linguistics, "Nilotic" is only part of "Nilo-Saharan", a segment of the larger Nilo
B. Although now it is only one of the five official languages of Ethiopia, together with Oromo, Somali, A
C. The languages of Ethiopia include the official languages of Ethiopia, its national and regional langua
D. Amharic and Tigrinya have both borrowed some words from the Italian language.

30. Amharic and Tigrinya have both borrowed some words from the Italian language.
A. As of 2018, Amharic was spoken by 31.8 million native speakers in Ethiopia with over 25 million sec
B. This sprachbund includes the Afroasiatic languages of Ethiopia, not the Nilo-Saharan languages.
C. Oromo language serves as the official working language and the primary language of education in th
D. Amharic and Tigrinya have both borrowed some words from the Italian language.
31. Furthermore, Amharic is considered a holy language by the Rastafari religion and is widely used amon
A. Furthermore, Amharic is considered a holy language by the Rastafari religion and is widely used am
B. A number of Ethiopian languages are endangered: they may not be spoken in one or two generation
C. According to data from 2021 from Ethnologue, the largest first languages are: Arabic, which also be
D. According to Glottolog, there are 109 languages spoken in Ethiopia, while Ethnologue lists 90 individ

32. Ge'ez now serves as the liturgical language of the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox and Catholic Churc
A. Ge'ez now serves as the liturgical language of the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox and Catholic Ch
B. The various regions of Ethiopia and chartered cities are free to determine their own working languag
C. Amharic and Tigrinya have both borrowed some words from the Italian language.
D. In terms of writing systems, Ethiopia's principal orthography is the Ge'ez script, employed as an abu

33. These include Arabic script for writing some Ethiopian languages spoken by Muslim populations and S
A. English is the most widely spoken foreign language, the medium of instruction in secondary schools
B. These include Arabic script for writing some Ethiopian languages spoken by Muslim populations and
C. Arabic, which also belongs to the Afroasiatic family, is likewise spoken in some areas.
D. The new language policies after the 1991 revolution have strengthened the use of a number of lang

34. After the fall of the Derg in 1991, the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia granted all ethnic groups the right to
A. Amharic has been the official working language of Ethiopian courts and its armed forces, trade and e
B. The languages of Ethiopia include the official languages of Ethiopia, its national and regional langua
C. However, in academic linguistics, "Nilotic" is only part of "Nilo-Saharan", a segment of the larger Nilo
D. After the fall of the Derg in 1991, the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia granted all ethnic groups the righ

35. Most of the Ethiopian Jewish communities in Ethiopia and Israel speak it too.
A. Most of the Ethiopian Jewish communities in Ethiopia and Israel speak it too.
B. According to Glottolog, there are 109 languages spoken in Ethiopia, while Ethnologue lists 90 individ
C. The Ethiopic script first came into usage in the sixth and fifth centuries BC as an abjad to transcribe
D. Most people in the country speak Afroasiatic languages of the Cushitic or Semitic branches.

36. Amharic and Tigrinya have both borrowed some words from the Italian language.
A. Amharic and Tigrinya have both borrowed some words from the Italian language.
B. While all languages enjoy equal state recognition in the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia and Oromo is
C. Oromo serves as the official working language and the primary language of education in Oromia, Ha
D. The factors that contribute to language death are complex, so it is not easy to estimate which or how
37. Recently the Ethiopian Government announced that Afar, Amharic, Oromo, Somali, and Tigrinya are ad
A. Recently the Ethiopian Government announced that Afar, Amharic, Oromo, Somali, and Tigrinya are
B. Amharic is the most widely spoken and written language in Ethiopia.
C. In 2000, Mauro Tosco questioned the validity of Ferguson's original proposal.
D. The former includes the Oromo language, spoken by the Oromo, and Somali, spoken by the Somali

38. The factors that contribute to language death are complex, so it is not easy to estimate which or how m
A. Amharic is the most widely spoken and written language in Ethiopia.
B. The factors that contribute to language death are complex, so it is not easy to estimate which or how
C. Additionally, three million emigrants outside of Ethiopia speak Amharic.
D. For instance, it was the primary writing system for Afan Oromo until 1991.

39. Additionally, three million emigrants outside of Ethiopia speak Amharic.

A. After the fall of the Derg in 1991, the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia granted all ethnic groups the righ
B. Additionally, three million emigrants outside of Ethiopia speak Amharic.
C. Italian is still spoken by some parts of the population, mostly among the older generation, and is tau
D. In terms of writing systems, Ethiopia's principal orthography is the Ge'ez script, employed as an abu

40. Although now it is only one of the five official languages of Ethiopia, together with Oromo, Somali, Afar,
A. Although now it is only one of the five official languages of Ethiopia, together with Oromo, Somali, A
B. Other Afroasiatic languages with a significant number of speakers include the Cushitic Sidamo, Afar
C. However, in academic linguistics, "Nilotic" is only part of "Nilo-Saharan", a segment of the larger Nilo
D. Amharic is recognised as the official working language of Amhara Region, Benishangul-Gumuz, Sou

41. Amharic is recognised as the official working language of Amhara Region, Benishangul-Gumuz, South
A. Amharic is recognised as the official working language of Amhara Region, Benishangul-Gumuz, Sou
B. Although additional languages are used, Amharic is still predominantly spoken by all ethnic groups i
C. According to Glottolog, there are 109 languages spoken in Ethiopia, while Ethnologue lists 90 individ
D. Together, these four groups make up about three-quarters of Ethiopia's population.

42. Amharic is recognised as the official working language of Amhara Region, Benishangul-Gumuz, South
A. In Washington DC, Amharic became one of the six non-English languages in the Language Access
B. This sprachbund includes the Afroasiatic languages of Ethiopia, not the Nilo-Saharan languages.
C. Somali is the official working language of Somali Region and Dire Dawa, while Afar, Harari, and Tigr
D. Amharic is recognised as the official working language of Amhara Region, Benishangul-Gumuz, Sou
43. The languages of Ethiopia include the official languages of Ethiopia, its national and regional language
A. The languages of Ethiopia include the official languages of Ethiopia, its national and regional langua
B. The factors that contribute to language death are complex, so it is not easy to estimate which or how
C. Many Muslim Ethiopians are also able to speak Arabic because of their religious background.
D. Most people in the country speak Afroasiatic languages of the Cushitic or Semitic branches.

44. Many Muslim Ethiopians are also able to speak Arabic because of their religious background.
A. Together, these four groups make up about three-quarters of Ethiopia's population.
B. The new language policies after the 1991 revolution have strengthened the use of a number of langu
C. The factors that contribute to language death are complex, so it is not easy to estimate which or how
D. Many Muslim Ethiopians are also able to speak Arabic because of their religious background.

45. The various regions of Ethiopia and chartered cities are free to determine their own working languages
A. However, in academic linguistics, "Nilotic" is only part of "Nilo-Saharan", a segment of the larger Nilo
B. Today, many Cushitic, Omotic, and Nilo-Saharan languages are written in Roman/Latin script.
C. The various regions of Ethiopia and chartered cities are free to determine their own working languag
D. These include Arabic script for writing some Ethiopian languages spoken by Muslim populations and

46. As of 2018, Amharic was spoken by 31.8 million native speakers in Ethiopia with over 25 million secon
A. The former includes the Oromo language, spoken by the Oromo, and Somali, spoken by the Somali
B. As of 2018, Amharic was spoken by 31.8 million native speakers in Ethiopia with over 25 million sec
C. Somali is the official working language of Somali Region and Dire Dawa, while Afar, Harari, and Tigr
D. Italian is still spoken by some parts of the population, mostly among the older generation, and is tau

47. Amharic has been the official working language of Ethiopian courts and its armed forces, trade and eve
A. Although now it is only one of the five official languages of Ethiopia, together with Oromo, Somali, A
B. Oromo language serves as the official working language and the primary language of education in th
C. As of 2018, Amharic was spoken by 31.8 million native speakers in Ethiopia with over 25 million sec
D. Amharic has been the official working language of Ethiopian courts and its armed forces, trade and

48. However, a number of Ethiopian languages never have had populations even that high, so it is not clea
A. Amharic has been the official working language of Ethiopian courts and its armed forces, trade and e
B. The various regions of Ethiopia and chartered cities are free to determine their own working languag
C. Although now it is only one of the five official languages of Ethiopia, together with Oromo, Somali, A
D. However, a number of Ethiopian languages never have had populations even that high, so it is not c
49. The new language policies after the 1991 revolution have strengthened the use of a number of languag
A. As of 2018, Amharic was spoken by 31.8 million native speakers in Ethiopia with over 25 million sec
B. After the fall of the Derg in 1991, the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia granted all ethnic groups the righ
C. The various regions of Ethiopia and chartered cities are free to determine their own working languag
D. The new language policies after the 1991 revolution have strengthened the use of a number of lang

50. This sprachbund includes the Afroasiatic languages of Ethiopia, not the Nilo-Saharan languages.
A. This sprachbund includes the Afroasiatic languages of Ethiopia, not the Nilo-Saharan languages.
B. Recently the Ethiopian Government announced that Afar, Amharic, Oromo, Somali, and Tigrinya are
C. Italian is still spoken by some parts of the population, mostly among the older generation, and is tau
D. While all languages enjoy equal state recognition in the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia and Oromo is