SOCIALIZATION
Enculturation and Acculturation
Introduction
Self is a product of social
process
Self emerges from social
interaction such as socialization,
enculturation and acculturation.
Socialization
Definition: Refers to a lifelong social
experience by which people develop
their human potential and learn culture
through education, training, exposure,
and experience
Agents of Socialization:
family, friends, school, church
Process of Socialization
Enculturation Acculturation
ENCULTURATION
It is the culture learning process in which an individual comes to know
about the rules, values and behavioral patterns of his/her own native
culture.
A person learns or acquires one’s own culture, to which he/she belongs.
ACCULTURATION
Refers to a process of cultural learning
wherein the members of a particular
cultural group get influenced by
another culture, by coming in contact
with it and adopts it to some or great
extent.
It is the subsequent familiarization
with different cultures.
Goals of Socialization
Teaches impulse control and helps
individuals develop a conscience.
Teaches individuals how to prepare for and
perform certain social roles
Cultivates shared sources of meaning
and value.
Results of Socialization
Identity Formation
Norms and Values
Statuses and Roles
Identity Formation
An individual’s identity is formed
through his interactions with others
Norms and Values
Norms are the
expectations and rules
that govern behavior in
society.
Values are basic beliefs
that guide individual
actions and judgments.
Norms and Values
Folkways
Mores
Laws
Norms and Values
Folkways
customary patterns that specify
what is socially correct and
proper in everyday life.
repetitive or typical habits and
patterns of expected behavior
followed within a group or
community
Norms and Values
Mores
define what is morally right and
morally wrong.
standards of conduct with
ethical and moral significance
Norms and Values
Laws
regulate and control the people’s
behavior and conduct
Statuses and Roles
A status is any position that
an individual can occupy in
society
Role involves the pattern of
expected behavior in a
social relationship with one
or more persons occupying
other statuses.
Social Statuses
Ascribed Statuses Achieved Statuses
acquired by choice, merit, or individual
assigned to the individual from birth
effort
such as age and sex
involve little personal choice like age and made possible through special abilities
sex or talents, performance or opportunities
carry with them certain expectations of choice in occupation, marriage, joining
behavior a religious organization are examples
Forms of Deviance
Conformity- involves accepting Innovation- accepts the goal of
both the cultural goal of success success but eliminating the use
and the use of legitimate means of socially accepted means of
for achieving that goal. achieving it.
Ritualism- occurs when people Retreatism- means withdrawal
deemphasize or reject the cultural from society since both the
goals but accept the cultural goals and the
institutionalized means. institutionalized means are
rejected.
Rebellion- occurs when people
reject and attempt to change
both the goals and the means
approved by society.
Thank You