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Accelerated Fluid Dynamics Explained

Chapter 5 discusses the behavior of accelerated fluids under constant acceleration, detailing linear motion and rotation scenarios. It explains how pressure varies in these conditions and provides equations derived from Newton's second law. The chapter also includes examples to illustrate the application of these principles in practical situations.

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Ahmed Kareem
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12 views6 pages

Accelerated Fluid Dynamics Explained

Chapter 5 discusses the behavior of accelerated fluids under constant acceleration, detailing linear motion and rotation scenarios. It explains how pressure varies in these conditions and provides equations derived from Newton's second law. The chapter also includes examples to illustrate the application of these principles in practical situations.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Kareem
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 5 Accelerated Fluid

Chapter-5 Accelerated Fluid

When a fluid mass is moving with constant acceleration, we assume no relative motion
between the fluid layers, i.e. no shear stress.

1- Linear motion with constant acceleration.


Assume a fluid in a vessel (of unit width), the vessel is moving with constant
acceleration.
𝑎𝑦 𝑎

𝑎𝑥
∆𝑥
𝜕𝑃
∆𝑦 𝑃 𝑑𝑦
𝜕𝑦

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑃 𝑑𝑦 𝜕𝑃
𝑑𝑦 𝑃 𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑥

𝑔 𝑑𝑚

Equation of Newton 2nd law in x-direction

( )

(1)

41
Chapter 5 Accelerated Fluid

Equation of Newton 2nd law in y-direction

( )

(2)

Note: if ay = 0, the pressure along y direction will vary hydrostatically i.e. P = γh.

But,

Hence, from equations (1) and (2),

( ) (3)

The line of constant pressure, can be found from the above equation, by setting dP = 0

 ( )

(negative slope).

The line of constant pressure is free surface itself.

2- Rotation with constant acceleration


Assumptions:

 No pressure variation with θ direction


 The horizontal rotation will not alter the pressure distribution in the vertical
direction (i.e. the pressure equals to P = γh).

Applying Newton’s 2nd low in r-direction:

42
Chapter 5 Accelerated Fluid

𝑑𝑃
𝑧 𝑃 𝑑𝑧
𝑑𝑧
𝜔
𝑑𝑟
𝑃 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑃
𝑃 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑟

𝑔 𝑑𝑚 𝑃
𝑟
𝑎𝑟

𝑑𝜃

𝑟
𝑑𝑟

( )

(1)

( )

(2)

But,

43
Chapter 5 Accelerated Fluid

(3)

on the free surface, dP = 0 .

( )

If we put point 1 at the z-axis so that r1 = 0

Equation of Parabola.

Example 5.1

The tank shown in Fig. 1a is accelerated to the right. Calculate the acceleration ax needed
to cause the free surface shown in Fig. 1b to touch point A. Calculate also the pressure at
point B.

A
0.2 m
0.5 m Air
ax Air
Water Water
21m
m

82 m
m 2m
B Fig. 1a CA B Fig. 1b A

44
Chapter 5 Accelerated Fluid

Example 5.2

A closed box with horizontal base of 6x6 m and height of 2 m is half filled with water. It
is given ax =g/2 and ay=-g/4. Find the pressure at point b as shown.

ax

` ay

B A

45
Chapter 5 Accelerated Fluid

Example 5.3

A water-filled cylinder is rotating about its center line. Calculate the rotational speed that
is necessary for the water to just touch the origin and the pressures at A and B.

B R
B
2 cm
10 cm

10 cm 10 cm 10 cm
10 cm
A A
After rotation
Before rotation

46

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