DESIGN CALCULATIONS
ROMAAN HEIGHTS
SPINY ROAD NEAR BIN HASSAM
MART QUETTA
DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ROMAAN HEIGHTS, SPINY ROAD
NEAR BIN HASSAM MART QUETTA
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
The QUETTA WEST TOWER is designed as a reinforced concrete (RC)
structure with the following key design parameters:
Seismic Design Category: Seismic Zone 4, as per the local building code.
Live Load: 100 Lb/Sf for ground floor and 40 Lb/Sf for remaining floors.
Dead Load: 60-100 psf for all floors depending on floor partition walls etc.
Load Analysis
Dead Load Calculation
The dead load for each floor is calculated by summing the weights of
structural elements, finishes, and equipment. A typical breakdown for the
dead load on each floor is as follows:
Structural Components: 75 psf
Finishes (floors): 30 psf
Equipment and Fixtures: As required
Live Load Calculation
The live load for the building is determined based on occupancy and usage.
For commercial floors, a live load of 85 psf is considered, and a live load of 40
psf is considered for residential floors.
Structural Components Design
Columns
Columns for each floor are designed to carry the axial loads, moments, and
shear forces based on the calculated dead and live loads.
Reinforcement bars are specified to meet the required capacity.
Beams
Beams are designed to carry the moments and shear forces induced by the
floor loads.
Reinforcement bars are provided to meet the bending and shear requirements.
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DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ROMAAN HEIGHTS, SPINY ROAD
NEAR BIN HASSAM MART QUETTA
Slabs
Slabs are designed as one-way or two-way slabs, depending on the span and
load conditions.
Reinforcement is designed to control deflection and meet strength
requirements.
Foundation
Foundations for the hospital building consist of reinforced concrete spread
footings designed to distribute the loads from columns and walls to the soil.
Foundation depth and size are determined based on soil bearing capacity and
structural loads.
Seismic Design
The hospital structure is designed to withstand seismic forces in accordance
with Seismic Zone 4 requirements. Design includes:
Use of appropriate seismic design coefficients.
Incorporation of seismic lateral load-resisting systems.
Detailed seismic analysis and reinforcement detailing.
Conclusion
The structural design calculations for the Quetta West Tower project have
been carried out in accordance with local building codes and standards. The
structure is designed to safely support the expected loads and withstand
seismic and wind forces. Detailed structural drawings and specifications are
provided in the project's structural plans.
Design Parameters:
Beam Span: upto 26 feet (typical for the layout).
Live Load: 85 psf (per local building code).
Dead Load: 30 psf (based on finishes).
Concrete Strength: 4,000 psi.
Steel Reinforcement: Grade 60 (60,000 psi yield strength).
Step 1: Calculation of Total Load on the Beam
The total load on the beam is the sum of the dead load (DL) and live load (LL).
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DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ROMAAN HEIGHTS, SPINY ROAD
NEAR BIN HASSAM MART QUETTA
Total Load (TL) = DL + LL
Total Load (TL) = 300 psf + 150 psf = 450 psf
Step 2: Calculation of Moment Due to Total Load
The moment (M) on the beam is calculated using the formula:
M = (TL * L^2) / 8
Where:
M is the moment.
TL is the total load.
L is the span of the beam.
M = (450 psf * (20 ft)^2) / 8 = 22,500 ft-lbf
Step 3: Selection of Initial Beam Size
To initiate the design process, we'll select an initial beam size based on
practical considerations. Let's assume an initial depth (d) of 24 inches and a
width (b) of 12 inches.
Step 4: Calculation of Required Reinforcement Area
The required reinforcement area (As_req) to resist the calculated moment is
determined using the formula:
As_req = (M * 12) / (0.87 * f_y * d)
Where:
As_req is the required reinforcement area.
M is the moment.
f_y is the yield strength of the steel reinforcement.
d is the depth of the beam.
As_req = (22,500 ft-lbf * 12) / (0.87 * 60,000 psi * 24 inches) = 0.0226 square
feet
Step 5: Selection of Reinforcement
Based on the required reinforcement area, we can select appropriate steel
reinforcement. In this case, we'll use #5 rebars with a nominal area of 0.157
square inches per linear foot.
Step 6: Check for Minimum Steel Ratio
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DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ROMAAN HEIGHTS, SPINY ROAD
NEAR BIN HASSAM MART QUETTA
The minimum steel ratio (ρ_min) is calculated to ensure that the beam has
adequate reinforcement. The formula for ρ_min is:
ρ_min = (0.002 * f_y) / f_c
Where:
ρ_min is the minimum steel ratio.
f_y is the yield strength of the steel reinforcement.
f_c is the compressive strength of the concrete.
Let's assume a compressive strength of 4,000 psi for the concrete.
ρ_min = (0.002 * 60,000 psi) / 4,000 psi = 0.03
Step 7: Calculate Actual Steel Ratio
The actual steel ratio (ρ_actual) is determined by dividing the area of the
selected steel reinforcement by the cross-sectional area of the beam.
ρ_actual = (Area of Selected Steel) / (b * d)
Assuming 4 #5 rebars are used, each with a nominal area of 0.157 square
inches:
ρ_actual = (4 * 0.157 in^2) / (12 inches * 24 inches) = 0.0273
Step 8: Check for Adequacy of Steel
We compare the actual steel ratio (ρ_actual) with the minimum steel ratio
(ρ_min) to ensure that there is sufficient reinforcement.
If ρ_actual > ρ_min, the beam is adequately reinforced.
If ρ_actual < ρ_min, additional reinforcement may be required.
In this example, ρ_actual (0.0273) is greater than ρ_min (0.03), indicating that
the beam is adequately reinforced.
Step 9: Check for Shear Capacity
We also need to check the shear capacity of the beam to ensure that it can
resist the shear forces. This involves calculating the shear stress and
comparing it to the shear capacity of the concrete.
Shear Stress (τ) = (V / (b * d))
Where:
τ is the shear stress.
V is the shear force on the beam.
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DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ROMAAN HEIGHTS, SPINY ROAD
NEAR BIN HASSAM MART QUETTA
Assuming a typical shear force, we calculate τ and compare it to the shear
capacity of the concrete.
Foundation Design
Design Parameters:
Soil Bearing Capacity: 1100 psf (Calculated).
Column Loads: Variable, depending on the floor and location.
Foundation Type: Reinforced concrete spread footings.
Calculation of Foundation Size
For a typical column on the ground floor with a design load of 150 kips, we
calculate the required footing area using the formula:
Footing Area (A) = Total Load (TL) / Soil Bearing Capacity
Footing Area (A) = (150,000 lbs) / (2,000 psf) = 75 square feet
Assuming a square footing, the side length (L) is approximately 8.7 feet.
Check for Shear and Moment
We need to check the footing for shear and moment. The maximum shear and
moment occur at the centerline of the column. Assuming a uniform
distribution of load, we calculate the maximum shear (V_max) and moment
(M_max).
V_max = TL / 2
V_max = (150,000 lbs) / 2 = 75,000 lbs
M_max = (V_max * L) / 4
M_max = (75,000 lbs * 8.7 ft) / 4 = 163,125 ft-lbf
Column Design
Design Parameters:
Column Material: Reinforced concrete.
Axial Load: Variable, depending on floor and location.
Bending Moments: From floor loads and seismic forces.
Calculation of Column Size
Columns are designed to support both axial loads and bending moments. The
size of the column is determined based on the maximum axial load and
bending moments.
Beam Design
Design Parameters:
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DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ROMAAN HEIGHTS, SPINY ROAD
NEAR BIN HASSAM MART QUETTA
Beam Material: Reinforced concrete.
Span: Variable, depending on floor and location.
Loads: Dead loads, live loads, and seismic loads.
Calculation of Beam Size
Beams are designed to support the loads from the floors and transfer them to
the columns. The size of the beam is determined based on the span, loads,
and required moment capacity.
Slab Design
Design Parameters:
Slab Material: Reinforced concrete.
Span: Variable, depending on floor and location.
Loads: Dead loads, live loads, and seismic loads.
Calculation of Slab Thickness
Slab thickness is calculated based on span, loads, and deflection criteria. The
required thickness ensures that the slab can safely support the loads without
excessive deflection.
Seismic Design
Design Parameters:
Seismic Zone: Seismic Zone 4 (as per local code).
Seismic Load Calculation: Using Equivalent Lateral Force method.
Calculation of Seismic Forces
Seismic forces are calculated based on the Equivalent Lateral Force method,
accounting for the seismic zone, building height, and structural
characteristics. These forces are then distributed to the structural elements
(columns, beams, slabs) to ensure that the building can withstand seismic
forces.
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DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ROMAAN HEIGHTS, SPINY ROAD
NEAR BIN HASSAM MART QUETTA
PICTORIAL VIEWS OF SOFTWARE FOR ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN OF HOSPITAL
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DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ROMAAN HEIGHTS, SPINY ROAD
NEAR BIN HASSAM MART QUETTA
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DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ROMAAN HEIGHTS, SPINY ROAD
NEAR BIN HASSAM MART QUETTA
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DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ROMAAN HEIGHTS, SPINY ROAD
NEAR BIN HASSAM MART QUETTA
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DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ROMAAN HEIGHTS, SPINY ROAD
NEAR BIN HASSAM MART QUETTA
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DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ROMAAN HEIGHTS, SPINY ROAD
NEAR BIN HASSAM MART QUETTA
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DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ROMAAN HEIGHTS, SPINY ROAD
NEAR BIN HASSAM MART QUETTA
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