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Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine
2013 Edition | Editors: Marc D. Gellman, J. Rick Turner
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Moderators/Moderating Factors
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Page 81 of 136
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Pamela S. King
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Moderators/Moderating Factors
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“Mono” or Mononucleosis
Monokines
Definition
Monounsaturated Fats
A moderator variable is a qualitative (e.g., gender, SES) or quantitative (e.g., amount of social
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids
support) variable that affects the direction and/or strength of the relationship between an
independent or predictor variable and a dependent or criterion variable. In research, in order to infer
that a variable is a moderating variable, there must be a significant statistical interaction between the
predictor and the moderator (i.e. p < .05).
Description
Conceptual Meaning
A moderator variable affects the relationship between a predictor variable (X) and an outcome
variable (Y). Moderator variables commonly affect the strength of the relationship between X and Y.
For example, social support is thought to function as a moderator of the relationship between stress
and negative health outcomes: in the presence of low social support, there is a strong relationship
between stress and negative health outcomes; in the presence of high social support, however, the
association between...
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References and Readings
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social
psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.
PubMed Google Scholar
Bauer, D. J., & Curran, P. J. (2005). Probing interactions in fixed and multilevel regression:
Inferential and graphical techniques. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 40, 373–400.
Google Scholar
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation
analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Google Scholar
Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of
mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinicial and pediatric psychology
literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(4), 599–610.
PubMed Google Scholar
Holmbeck, G. N. (2002). Post hoc probing of significant moderational and mediational effects in
studies of pediatric populations. Journal of Pedaitric Psychology, 27(1), 87–96.
Google Scholar
McClelland, G. H., & Judd, C. M. (1993). Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and
moderator effects. Psychological Bulletin, 114(2), 376–390.
PubMed Google Scholar
Online utilities to probe interaction effects (e.g., testing the significance of simple slopes),
Probing interactions in multiple linear regression, latent curve analysis, and hierarchical
linear modeling. Retrieved from [Link]
Copyright information
© Springer Science+Business Media, New York 2013
How to cite
Cite this entry as:
King P.S. (2013) Moderators/Moderating Factors. In: Gellman M.D., Turner J.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine.
Springer, New York, NY
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[Link] Springer, New York, NY 978-1-4419-1004-2
1005-9
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