PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Let’s REVIEW!
What are the forces that are
keeps the atoms in the
substance attracted to one
another?
INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES OF
ATTRACTION
•Atoms in molecule or ionic substance
stay attracted to one another of
chemical bonds. These can either be
covalent of ionic. These are called
INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES.
CHEMICAL BONDS
INTRAMOLECULAR INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES FORCES
DIPOLE-DIPOLE
IONIC BOND INTERACTION VAN DER
POLAR C.B.
DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE
INTERACTION
WAALS
COVALENT
BOND NONPOLAR DISPERSION FORCES H-BONDING
C.B.
METALLIC ION DIPOLE
BOND
INT ER MOLECULAR FORCES OF
ATTRACTION
•Attractive forces within molecule.
C Valence Electron - 4
O Valence Electron - 6
O Valence Electron - 6
O C O
NONPOLAR
MOLECULE
CHEMICAL BONDS
INTRAMOLECULAR INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES FORCES
DIPOLE-DIPOLE
IONIC BOND INTERACTION VAN DER
POLAR C.B.
DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE
INTERACTION
WAALS
COVALENT
BOND NONPOLAR DISPERSION FORCES H-BONDING
C.B.
METALLIC ION DIPOLE
BOND
VAN DER WAALS weak electrostatic forces that attract
neutral molecules to one another.
DIPOLE-DIPOLE
INTERACTION DIPOLE-DIPOLE
INTERACTION
present in polar
molecules
Partially positive (+)
end of one molecule is
attracted to the
partially negative (-).
VAN DER WAALS weak electrostatic forces that attract
neutral molecules to one another.
DIPOLE-INDUCED
DIPOLE INTERACTION
DIPOLE- INDUCED
DIPOLE INTERACTION
a weak attraction that
results when a polar
molecule induces a dipole in
an atom or in a nonpolar
molecule by disturbing the
arrangement of electrons in
the nonpolar species.
VAN DER WAALS weak electrostatic forces that attract
neutral molecules to one another.
LONDON DISPERSION
FORCE
LONDON
a type of intermolecular
force acting between atoms
and molecules that are
normally electrically
symmetric;
VAN DER WAALS TYPES OF MOLECULES
FORCES INVOLVED
DIPOLE-DIPOLE Between polar
ATTRACTION molecule
DIPOLE-INDUCED Between polar and
DIPOLE ATTRACTION nonpolar molecule
LONDON DISPERSION Between nonpolar
FORCES molecule
A special type of dipole-dipole
H-BONDING interaction between H-atom in a polar
bond
H-atoms are bonded
with more
electronegative atoms
such as N,O, and F to
form H-bonds with
other molecules
A special type of dipole-dipole
H-BONDING interaction between H-atom in a polar
bond
ION-DIPOLE The result of an electrostatic interaction
INTERACTION between a charged ion and a molecule
that has a dipole.
Results from the
attraction between
either a cation (+) or an
anion (-) with
permanent polar
molecules.
The ions are attracted to
the opposite charges
present in the dipole.
ION-DIPOLE The result of an electrostatic interaction
INTERACTION between a charged ion and a molecule
that has a dipole.
Partially negative
charge of the oxygen
atom in the water is
attracted to the
positive sodium ion.
Determine the IMFA that occurs between the following
molecules.
1. HCl and HCl Dipole-dipole Interaction
POLAR POLAR
Determine the IMFA that occurs between the following
molecules.
2. N2 and N2 London Dispersion Force
NONPOLAR
NONPOLAR
Determine the IMFA that occurs between the following
molecules.
3. H2O and Cl Ion-dipole Interaction
Determine the IMFA that occurs between the following
molecules.
4. NH3 and NH3 H-Bonding
Determine the IMFA that occurs between the following
molecules.
1. HCl and HCl Dipole-dipole Interaction
2. N2 and N2 London Dispersion Force
3. H2O and Cl Ion- Dipole Interaction
4. NH3 and NH3 H-Bonding Interaction
5. CH4 and CO Dipole-induced Dipole
Determine the IMFA that occurs between the following
molecules.
5. CH4 and CO
What is the importance
of knowing IMFA?
EFFECTS OF IMFA ON THE
PROPERTIES OF
SUBSTANCE
RELATIVE STRENGTH OF IMFA
Dipole-dipole Interaction
London Dispersion Force
Ion- Dipole Interaction
H-Bonding Interaction
Dipole-induced Dipole
RELATIVE STRENGTH OF IMFA
Ion-dipole STRONGEST
H-Bonding
Dipole-Dipole
Dipole-induced Dipole
London Dispersion Force WEAKEST
SURFACE TENSION
The property of the surface of
a liquid that allows it to resist
an external force, due to the
cohesive nature of its
molecules.
Liquids with IMFA high
surface tension tend to have
high surface tension.
SURFACE TENSION
CAPILLARY ACTION
The ability of the molecule to
move against gravity.
COHESION
ADHESION
VISCOSITY
A measure of liquid’s
resistance to flow
The greater the viscosity the
slower it flows
Liquids that have high IMFA
are highly viscous.
BOILING POINT
The temperate at which a
liquid changes into vapor.
Higher the intermolecular
forces between the liquid
particles, harder it is for it to
escape into the vapor phase
other words, higher its boiling
point.
BOILING POINT
SUBSTANCE BOILING POINT IMFA
WATER (H2O) 100° H-BONDING
LONDON DISPERSION
METHANE (CH4) -162°
FORCE
CHLOROFORM (CHCl3) 61.2° DIPOLE-DIPOLE
MELTING POINT
the temperature at which a
substance changes state
from solid to liquid at
atmospheric pressure.
MELTING POINT
SUBSTANCE MELTING POINT IMFA
WATER (H2O) 0° H-BONDING
LONDON DISPERSION
METHANE (CH4) -182°
FORCE
CHLOROFORM (CHCl3) 65.3° DIPOLE-DIPOLE
SOLUBILITY
The ability of a substance to be
dissolved in another given
substance.
Solubility depends on the
types of interaction among
molecules, pressure, and
temperature
SOLUBILITY