Introduction &
Design Works
+201008218922 [Link]@[Link] [Link] [Link]
`
Introduction to Electrical Power System
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Stakeholders
List of Duties
Construction Project Sequence
Common Brands
Session Design Works
Design Criteria Single Line Diagram Project Coordination
Content
Codes & Standards
Load Estimation
Lighting & Power Design
Main electrical
Equipment
Protection Systems
Sizing Process
Let’s Start The Journey !
Electrical Power System
Electricity To Home
Introduction
Electrical Power System
Voltage Levels
» The International Electrotechnical Commission has classified
the voltages into the following levels (IEC 60038). This
classification system is fast gaining acceptance.
o Low Voltage = up to 1000V
o Medium Voltage = 1000V to 35kV
o High Voltage = 35kV to 230 kV
o Extra High Voltage = above 230 kV
o In some situations, the term Ultra High Voltage is used to
denote voltages above 800 kV.
o In addition, the IEC defines a voltage band known as the Extra
Low Voltage with a AC voltage less than 70 V.
Introduction
Electrical Power System
Generation System
Introduction
Electrical Power System
Generation System
Introduction
Electrical Power System
Transmission System
Introduction
Electrical Power System
Transmission System
Underground Cables
Voltage: 66 kV
Voltage: 220 kV Voltage: 500 kV
Reinforced Aluminum Core
Introduction
Electrical Power System
Distribution System
Introduction
Electrical Power System
Distribution System
Introduction
Construction Project
Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Stakeholders
Requirements
Complete Project Owner Vision
DWGs
Shop drawing to be verified
Material Submittal Consultant Specs
BOQ
Approve any changes in design
Supervision
Construction works
Supply required
materials &
Contractor Request for
Quotation (Specs,
equipment BOQ, DWG ..
Etc)
Supplier
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
List of Duties
Consultant
» The consultant is the one responsible for converting the
owner ideas and needs to a design.
» The consultant’s design must take into consideration the
engineering and environmental factors of the site such as:
o Choosing the design that uses less material, has high
quality and longer lifetime.
o Taking into consideration natural disasters and their
effect on the structure.
o Preparing emergency scenarios and the fastest way to
evacuate.
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
List of Duties
Contractor
» A contractor is anyone who directly employs or engages
construction workers or manages construction work. Contractors
include sub-contractors, any individual self-employed worker or
business that carries out, manages or controls construction work.
» Here is some duties of the contractor:
o Plans all phases of a construction project from beginning to end.
o Material Submittal.
o Provides guidance, supervision and job tasks to workers.
o Equipment supplement, installation and running.
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
List of Duties
Suppliers
» A supplier is a person, company, or organization
that sells or supplies something such as goods or
equipment to customers. Here is some duties of the
Suppliers:
o Provide the project with its products such as Cables,
Switchgears, Lighting units, Generators, UPS, ...etc.
o Products should meet the specifications of the
project to be approved.
o Products should be high quality with deep rock
bottom prices.
o Supplier should know the project size, importance
and also the site conditions.
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Pre-Design
Operation& Design
Maintenance
Occupation
and start up Bidding
(Suppliers)
Construction
Bidding
Works
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Pre-Design Process
Main
Requirement
Owner
&
Consultant
Feasibility Scope of
Study Work
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Consultant Major Role - Rod Al-Farag Axis Bridge
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Design Process
BODR
Bill of Quantity DWG
(BOQ) (SLD/Plans)
Consultant
Calculations Specification
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Bidding - Consultant / Contractor
» Consultant submits the Drawings, Bill
of quantity, and Specifications.
» Contractors submit Technical and
Financial Offers’ envelops.
» Consultant evaluate the submitted
commercial and technical offers’
envelops by opening technical
envelops. Exclude the ones that do not
achieve the specifications. Then
opening the financial offers and
choose the best one with best technical
and financial terms.
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Bidding - Drawings (DWGs)
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Bidding - Specifications (Specs)
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Bidding - Bill of Quantity (BOQ)
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Bidding - Supplier Technical & Financial Offer
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Construction Works
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Submittals & Codes A , B , C or D
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Bidding – Contractor / Supplier
» Contractor submits the request for
quotation (RFQ) Documents
(drawings, bill of quantity, and
specifications).
» Suppliers submit technical and
financial offers’ envelops.
» Contractor evaluate the submitted
commercial and technical offers’
envelops by opening technical
envelops. Exclude the ones that do not
achieve the specifications. Then
opening the financial offers and
choose the best one with best technical
and financial terms.
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Occupation
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Suppliers
Technical & Financial Offer
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Operation & Maintenance
» This department assure the effective functioning of
a facility to provide an efficient and safe working
environment for employees and their activities by
using best business practices to manage resources,
services and processes to meet the needs of the
company. Here is some duties:
o Supervise maintenance and repair of facilities and
equipment.
o Develop and implement a facility management
program including preventative maintenance and
life-cycle requirements.
o Implement best practice processes to increase
efficiency.
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Construction Project Sequence
Construction Project Elements & Sequence
Design Concept
Design Criteria
» Design criteria are the concept design which means the steps of
designing and choosing the rated values of the electrical
equipment.
» The design should be follow the codes and standards. The
local regulation has the priority to follow.
» The design should be safe for human and equipment.
» Quality of the design reflect the professionalism of the
consultant and other designers engineers.
» If all factors are constant, the cost is important factor making
you win the race of competition to get a project. The one who
gives the same specifications of the design with lower cost.
» Whether we assign a dollar value to it or not, time is valuable to
us.
Psychology of Design Works
Codes & Standards
» Local Standard
o Egyptian Code
» International Codes and Standards:
o IEC: International Electro-technical Commission
o NEC: National Electrical Codes (USA)
o ISO: International Standard Organization
o ANSI: American National Standard Instituting Engineers.
o IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
o NEMA: National Electrical Manufacturers Association
o IEE: Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE)
o NFPA 70: Slandered for the Installation of Lightning Protection System
Psychology of Design Works
Codes & Standards
Egyptian Code
Psychology of Design Works
Electrical Load Estimation
» Load estimation is the first step in designing the electric works for the new
Building.
» It means identifying approximately the total demand load of the new Building
by taking other disciplines requirements into consideration. (25% Accuracy).
» Gives the ability to choose the rated values of all medium and low voltage
equipment.
» The maximum demand load shall be contracting with the Electrical Egyptian
Company that shall feed the building with electricity.
» Also, the load estimation is very important for planning the connection to
upstream network and MV circuit configurations.
Psychology of Design Works
Electrical Load Estimation
Egyptian Code
Psychology of Design Works
Electrical Load Estimation
Distribution Planning Standard (DPS)
Psychology of Design Works
Lighting & Power Design
» Light is the prime factor in the human life as all activities of human beings ultimately
depend upon the light.
» A professional lighting designer meets the needs of the people who use the space and
Selects cost-effective and energy-efficient products most appropriate for the project.
» Small power design must satisfy the needs of whole appliances such as fans,
computers, TVs ... Etc. via normal socket, power socket, floor boxes whether the load
is normal, emergency, or Critical.
Psychology of Design Works
Lighting & Power Design
Lighting & Power Plans
Psychology of Design Works
Lighting & Power Design
Lighting & Power Plans
Psychology of Design Works
Single Line Diagram (SLD)
Load Types – LV Network
Psychology of Design Works
Single Line Diagram (SLD)
LV & MV Network
Psychology of Design Works
Main Electrical Equipment
Medium Voltage Equipment
» Medium Voltage Switchgear
Medium voltage switchgear or MV switchgear are of many types. They may metal enclosed
indoor type, metal enclosed outdoor type, outdoor type without metal enclosure, etc. The
interruption medium of this switchgear may be oil, SF6 and vacuum.
Psychology of Design Works
Main Electrical Equipment
Medium Voltage Equipment
» Ring Main Unit (RMU)
A Ring Main Unit (RMU) is the first point in the electrical
system of any project. The primary switching devices can
be either switch disconnectors or fused switch
disconnectors or circuit breakers. It is used to connect the
project to MV network.
Psychology of Design Works
Main Electrical Equipment
» Transformer
Used to transform the electrical power from medium voltage
level to low voltage level.
Types:
Dry type transformers.
Oil immersed Transformers.
Psychology of Design Works
Main Electrical Equipment
Low Voltage Equipment
» Generator
Generator is an equipment that converts
mechanical power into electrical power for use in
an external circuit.
Sources of mechanical energy in distribution
purpose is usually internal combustion engines
(Diesel Generator).
Types :
Normal or Acoustic.
Prime or standby.
Psychology of Design Works
Main Electrical Equipment
Low Voltage Equipment
» Low Voltage Switchgear
Generally Electrical Switchgear rated up to 1KV
is termed as
low voltage switchgear. The term LV Switchgear
includes low voltage Circuit breakers, switches,
electrical isolators, HRC fuses, earth leakage
circuit breaker, Etc. i.e. all the accessories
required to protect the LV system.
Psychology of Design Works
Main Electrical Equipment
Low Voltage Equipment
» Distribution Boards
Main Distribution Sub-Main Final Branch
Board Distribution Board Distribution Board
Generally Electrical Switchgear rated up to 1KV is termed as low voltage switchgear. The
term LV Switchgear includes low voltage Circuit breakers, switches, electrical isolators,
HRC fuses, earth leakage circuit breaker, Etc. i.e. all the accessories required to protect
the LV system.
Psychology of Design Works
Main Electrical Equipment
Low Voltage Equipment
» Motor Control Center (MCC)
Motor control centers are simply combination of starters in one assembly. Containing the
motor starter, fuses or circuit breaker, and a device for disconnecting power. Other devices
associated with the motor, such as pushbuttons and indicator lights may also be included.
Psychology of Design Works
Main Electrical Equipment
Low Voltage Equipment
» Automatic Transfer Switch
Simply stated, the role of the automatic transfer system is to provide the
automatic transfer of power for its associated load group from a normal
power source, such as a utility service, to an alternate power source,
such as standby generation, in the event the normal source fails
» Static transfer switch (STS):
Static transfer switch uses power semiconductor such as
silicon-controlled rectifiers(SCRS)to transfer a load
between two sources. That the transfer can be
Completed very rapidly.
» Manual transfer switch (MTS)
Psychology of Design Works
Main Electrical Equipment
Low Voltage Equipment
» Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)
In order to eliminate or reduce the loss of important data or control
due to power disturbances, it may be necessary to provide a level of
power protection for your particular needs. An Uninterruptible Power
Supply (UPS) can be that answer
Types :
Online UPS
Offline UPS
Psychology of Design Works
Protection Systems
Earthing & Lightning Protection Systems
» Objectives of Earthing:
o Safety for personnel during normal
and abnormal conditions.
o Protection for the equipment.
o Dissipate lightning strikes.
o Maximize the stability of the system.
» Objectives of Lightning Protection
System:
o Protect the Buildings from lightning
strokes And carry it to the earthing
grid.
Psychology of Design Works
Other Disciplines Coordination
» Other disciplines such as HVAC, Mechanical, Low current and Plumbing
systems required electricity to power their systems. Therefore, all information
such as power Consumption, locations , mounting height & wiring devices type
for all equipment ask for electrical power supply must be cleared for electrical
designer.
» General notes must be taken into consideration while designing to avoid the
interception between the electrical works and HVAC works for example.
» Also there are some point the Electrical Engineer should clear it for the Arch.
Including the dimensions of the electrical rooms, Generator room, transformer
room ... etc.
» Civil engineer must take into consideration the weights of these bulky equipment
along the design procedures
Psychology of Design Works
Sizing Concept
Factors must be taken into consideration along sizing process
• Lighting Loads • Ambient Temperature
• Appliances • Burial Depth
• Motors (Inductive Loads) • Grouping Factor
LOADS • Non Linear Loads (Electronic Loads) External Factors
• Soil thermal Resistivity
• Busbars
• Cables
• Cable Trays
• International Standards
FEEDERS & • Ducts STANDARD
• Local Regulation
ROUTING • Conduit RESTRICTIONS
• Circuit Breakers • Voltage Drop
• Earth Leakage C.B & Residual Current Device • Short Circuit
PROTICTIVE • Load Break Switch & Disconnector TESTS & • Load Balance
DEVICES CALCULATIONS
Psychology of Design Works
THANKS!
Any questions?
You can find us at
[Link] [Link]
[Link]@[Link] +201008218922
✋ All Rights Are Reserved For Comma – Learning Solutions ®