Machine Design & CAD -II Lab
Instructor Name: Engr. Adnan Rasheed
Adeel Abbas
Students Name:
Meen211101075
M. Saqib Nawaz M. Naeem Akhtar
Meen211101071 Meen211101097
Waqas Elahi Abaidullah
Meen211101121 Meen211101043
Roots blower
The Roots blower is a positive displacement lobe pump which operates by pumping a fluid with
a pair of meshing lobes resembling a set of stretched gears. Fluid is trapped in pockets surrounding
the lobes and carried from the intake side to the exhaust.
The Roots blower design does not incorporate any reduction in volume/increase in pressure as air
or other fluid passes through, hence it can best be described as a blower rather than a supercharger
unlike some other designs of "supercharger" such as cozette, centric, Shorrock
supercharger, Power plus supercharger and also the axial flow Eaton type supercharger which have
internal "compression".
Operating Principle of the Roots Blower
A roots blower consists of two rotors that compress gas, with the axes of the rotors parallel to each
other. The rotor combines an impeller and shaft, and there are small gaps between the impeller and
impeller, impeller and casing, and wall plate to prevent mutual contact and friction. The prime
mover drives the two pairs of rotors through a pair of synchronous gears, causing them to rotate at
equal speeds in opposite directions.
The impeller and casing enclose the blower’s inlet and outlet, and they form a closed primitive
volume to convey gas effectively (as shown below).
Classification of Roots blowers
The machinery used for the compression and transmission of gas includes ventilation fans,
blowers, and compressors. The purpose of the ventilation fan is primarily focused on transport,
and it has a lower pressure. The compressor, on the other hand, has a higher pressure and its
primary role is compression. The blower’s performance is between that of the ventilation fan and
the compressor. The ventilation fan and blower are collectively known as fans.
Fans can be divided into two types: Roots blowers (positive displacement) and centrifugal blowers
(turbine). Initially, Roots blowers were only used for positive pressure blowing, but they later
expanded into the vacuum field and evolved into Roots vacuum pumps. When the inlet is at normal
local atmospheric pressure, the exhaust pressure range is between 9.8200kPa. As a vacuum pump,
the Roots blower can achieve a vacuum level of -9.8-80kPa when discharging directly to the
atmosphere.
Although there is a nominal difference between a Roots blower and a Roots vacuum pump, they
both operate near atmospheric pressure, and their pressure characteristics do not differ
significantly. Usually, one can use Roots blowers directly as vacuum pumps for direct atmospheric
discharge and vice versa.
Roots blowers and Roots vacuum pumps are divided into different categories based on their
working methods. Single-stage and two-stage Roots blowers (vacuum pumps), dry and wet type
are distinct based on their working intensity.
Classification of Roots Blowers
Single-stage and dual-stage
A Roots blower, which only has one compressor (one fan), is called a single-stage Roots blower.
Two single-stage blowers that are connected in series to compress the gas twice in succession are
called two-stage tandem blowers, or two-stage blowers for short.
Dry vs. wet type
The Roots blower is generally used for dry conveying. There are dry and wet type of Roots vacuum
pumps. Wet vacuum pumps are mostly used at relatively high vacuum levels.
Other ways of classification
According to the number of impeller heads, there are two-blade blowers and three-
blade blowers.
According to the structure arrangement, there are vertical blowers, horizontal
blowers, intensive blowers, etc.
According to the cooling method, air-cooled blowers, water-cooled blowers, counter-
current cooling blowers, etc.
According to the transmission mode, there are direct link blower, with link blower.
According to the type of media, there are air blowers, gas blowers, hydrogen blowers,
carbon dioxide blowers, etc.
Can also be divided according to the use of vertical kiln blower, gasification blower,
aeration blower, oxidation fan, etc.
Pre Design Calculations
For Gear
Number of Teeth = 30
Module of Gear = 3mm
Face Width = 17.5mm
Pressure Angle = 20
Circular Pitch Diameter = 90mm
Material = Malleable Cast Iron
Allowable Static Stress = 70 Mpa
modulus of elasticity of malleable cast iron = E= 172 Gpa
For Housing
Radius of Straight Slot = 96mm
Length of Straight Slot = 89.69mm
Thickness of Base = 10mm
2 Circle at the = 20mm
2 Circle from the Center = 139.5mm
One another Straight Slot with radius = 111mm
15 Radius on the front face = 10mm
Cut of these circle = 40mm
8 number of fins
Two number of Input Pipes
1 Output Pipe
For Cover
Radius of Straight Slot = 96mm
Length of Straight Slot = 89.69mm
Thickness of Base = 10mm
15 number of circles on the boundary
2 number of holes = 20mm
Thickness = 10mm
For Shaft
Diameter = 20mm
Length = 215mm
Design Calculations
Design Calculation is very important for the gear because the power can be transmitted by gears
For Gear
Formulas
𝑇
WT = 𝐷𝑝
2
T = P*60/2πN
Ratio Factor = Q =
G = Tg/Tp
m = Dp/Tp
From the table flexural endurance limit (ϭe) of malleable cast iron is 84Mpa.
y = 0.175 – 0.841/Tp for20° stub system
Tangential Load = WT = σw*b*π*m*y (σw= σo *Cv)
Dynamic Tooth Load = WD = WT + WI
21v(b.C + Wt)
WD = WT + 21v+(b.C+W)0.5
21v(b.C + Wt)
WI = 21v+(b.C+W)0.5
𝑇
WT = 𝐷𝑝 (When Torque is given)
2
6
Cv =
6+𝑣
Static Tooth Load = Ws = σe*b*π*m*y
Ww = Dp*b*Q*k
2+𝑉.𝑅
Q = 𝑉.𝑅+1
1
K = σes^2sinθ*1.4(1/Ep +1/Eg)
Factors of Spur Gear Design
WT = Tangential Load
σw = Permissible Working Stress
σo = Allowable Static Stress
b = Face Width of Gear
m = Module of Gear
y = Lewis form Factor or Tooth form Factor
y = 0.124-0.684/T (For 14.5o Composite & Full depth involute System)
y = 0.154-0.912/T (For 20o Full depth involute System)
y = 0.175-0.841/T (For 20o Stub System)
σe = flexural endurance limit or elastic limit stress/ in place of permissible working stress
WD = Dynamic Load
WI = Increment Load due to dynamic action
Ws = Static Load
P = Power
T = Torque
N = R.P.M
v = Velocity
Cv = Velocity Factor
C = Deformation OR Dynamic Factor in N/mm
V.R = Velocity Ratio
D = Circular pitch Diameter
Dp = Circular pitch Diameter of Pinion
Dg = Circular pitch Diameter of Gear
Q = Ratio Factor
Q = 2*V.R/V.R+1 = 2TG / TG+TP (For External Gear)
Q = 2*V.R/V.R-1 = 2TG / TG-TP (For Internal Gear)
TG = Number of Teeth on Gear
TP = Number of Teeth on Pinion
K = Load Stress Factor
σes = Surface endurance Factor
E = modulus of elasticity
EP = Modulus elasticity of pinion
EG = Modulus elasticity of gear
θ = Pressure Angle or Angle of Obliquity
Given data
Power = P = 7KW
R.P.M of driver gear = Np = 2800
Allowable Static Stress = 70 Mpa
modulus of elasticity of malleable cast iron = E= 172 Gpa
surface endurance of malleable cast iron = 793 Mpa
Assumption
Gear ratio = G = 1
Velocity Ratio = V.R = 1
Number of teeth on each gear =T= 30
Module of gears = 3mm
Pressure angle = 20 stub system
Design
T = P*60/2πN
T = P*60/2πNp
T = 7000 ∗ 60/2πNp
T = 23.87 Nm
Velocity = v = πDpNp/60
Dp = mTp
Dp = 3*30 = 90mm
Dp = Dg = 90mm
𝑇
WT = 𝐷𝑝
2
WT = 23.87/0.045
WT = 530.44N
Velocity = v = π*0.09*2800/60
V = 13.194
Cv = 6/6+v
Cv = 0.3126
y = 0.175 – 0.841/Tp
y = 0.147
WT = ϭo *Cv*b*π*m*y
Face width = b = WT/ ϭo *Cv*π*m*y
b = 17.5 Say 18mm
W D = WT + W I
21v(b.C + Wt)
WD = 530.44 + 21v+(b.C+W)0.5 Wt = WT
21∗13.194∗(18∗1 + 530.44)
WD = 530.44 + 21∗13.194+(18∗1+530.44)0.5
WD = 1036.14N
Ws = σe*18*π*m*y
Ws = 70*18*π*3*0.147
Ws = 1261.39N
Ww = Dp*b*Q*K
2∗𝑉.𝑅
Q = 𝑉.𝑅+1
Q = 2*1/1+1
Q=1
1
K = ϭes^2sinθ*1.4(1/Ep +1/Eg)
Ep = Eg because material is same.
7932 1 1
K= sin(20)(172000 + 172000)
1.4
K= 1.7864
Ww = Dp*b*Q*K
Ww = 90*18*1*1.7864
Ww = 2893
Wear tooth load and Static tooth load is greater than the Dynamic tooth load so our design Safe.
SolidWorks Model By Parts
Four main parts
Housing
Cover
Impeller
Gears
Housing
Cover
Impeller
Shaft
Gear
Assembly
By using the Mate Commands to join the parts to make the assembly.
Complete Assembly