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Sanskrit Gender Noun Guide

The document provides a classification of nouns in Sanskrit based on gender, dividing them into masculine, feminine, and neuter categories. It outlines specific rules for identifying the gender of nouns based on their endings and includes extensive lists of examples for each category. Additionally, it covers various nouns related to fruits, animals, birds, living beings, colors, and trees.

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108 views12 pages

Sanskrit Gender Noun Guide

The document provides a classification of nouns in Sanskrit based on gender, dividing them into masculine, feminine, and neuter categories. It outlines specific rules for identifying the gender of nouns based on their endings and includes extensive lists of examples for each category. Additionally, it covers various nouns related to fruits, animals, birds, living beings, colors, and trees.

Uploaded by

Travel ToMeet
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Textbook 15

zBda>
Nouns

Based on their gender, nouns are classified into three types – masculine,
feminine and neuter. The specific mention of the noun’s gender is found in
Sanskrit lexicons such as Amara-koça. However, some rules are given here for
the students’ easy comprehension.

zBda>
Nouns

pui‘¼> ôIil¼> npus


< kil¼>
Masculine Nouns Feminine Nouns Neuter Nouns

A> #> %> Aa $ Am!

2.1 pui‘¼> – Masculine Gender Nouns


Words which end with A>, #> and %> are usually masculine gender nouns. The
two vertical dots (>) are called ‘visarga’. When words end with A>, they are
called akäränta-pulliìga; when they end with #>, they are called ikäränta-
pulliìga; and when they end with %>, they are called ukäränta-pulliìga.
16 Easy Sanskrit

2.2 SÇIil¼> – Feminine Gender Nouns


Words that end with Aa and $ are usually feminine gender nouns (äkäränta-
stréliìga and ékäränta-stréliìga).

2.3 npus
< kil¼> – Neuter Gender Nouns
Words that end with Am! are usually neuter gender nouns (akäränta-
napuàsakaliìga).

•
Masculine Gender Nouns
Words ending with A> Words ending with #> Words ending with %>

1. Aj> 1. Air> 1. #NÊ>


2. AwR> 2. kiv> 2. gué>
3. ram> 3. pit> 3. té>
4. kr> 4. muin> 4. zMÉu>
5. Ët> 5. Ai¶> 5. irpu>

Feminine Gender Nouns


Words ending with Aa Words ending with $
1. ÉayaR 1. ndI
2. Daya 2. narI
3 . maya 3 . pTnI
4. icNta 4. pavRtI

Neuter Gender Nouns


Words ending with Am!
1. icÇm!
2. Évnm!
3 . ]eÇm!
4. %pvnm!
•
Textbook 17

More Masculine Gender Nouns


1. Aj> – Goat 23. kal> – Time
2. AwR> – Meaning 24. kIq> – Worm
3. Als> – Lazy person 25. kªp> – Well
4. Anl> – Fire 26. k«;Ivl> – Farmer
5. Anug> – Follower 27. kez> – Hair
6. Añ> – Horse 28. kaeivd> – Expert
7. Axr> – Lip 29. kaez> – Treasure
8. jy> – Victory 30. or> – Donkey
9. Air> – Enemy 31. og> – Bird
10. Ainl> – Wind 32. ol> – Wicked man
11. AiÉÉv> – Overpowering 33. gayk> – Singer
12. AacayR> – Teacher 34. "q> – Pot
13. Aadez> – Order 35. ºa[> – Nose
14. AadzR> – Mirror 36. ctur> – Clever
15. Aahar> – Food 37. c]u> – Eye
16. #NÊ> – Moon 38. icÇk> – Leopard
17. %*m> – Effort 39. caer> – Thief
18. A»‚r> – Sprout 40. jld> – Cloud
19. kak> – Crow 41. jng[> – Community
20. kNÊk> – Ball 42. jNtu> – A creature
21. kvaq> – Door 43. té> – Tree
22. kiv> – Poet 44. tu;ar> – Dew, mist
18 Easy Sanskrit

45. d]> – Expert 67. Éek> – Frog

46. di][hSt> – Right hand 68. smuÔ> – Ocean

47. dzn> – Tooth 69. mStk> – Head


48. Ët> – Messenger 70. me;pal> – Shepherd
49. nq> – Actor
71. mae"> – Vain
50. nr> – Man
72. yit> – Saint
51. nairkel> – Coconut
73. rw> – Chariot
52. naivk> – Boat-man
74. irKt> – Empty
53. n&pit> – King 75. irpu> – Enemy
54. pit> – Husband 76. laek> – World
55. p]> – Wing 77. v]> – Chest
56. pqu> – Smart person 78. vqv&]> – Banyan tree

57. praepkar> – Helping others 79. vTs> – Calf

58. prapkar> – Harming others 80. vamhSt> – Left hand

59. pai[> – Hand, palm 81. vat> – Wind

60. iv*aly> – School 82. ivvad> – Dispute

61. pavk> – Fire 83. iv¹> – Obstacle


62. àatraz> – Breakfast 84. ivzal> – Big
63. ANtk> – Yama 85. Vyayam> – Exercise
64. bal> – Boy 86. zail> – Paddy

65. ÉKt> – Devotee 87. zakiqk> – Cart-man

66. Éq> – Soldier 88. izzu> – Child


Textbook 19

89. zMÉu> – Lord Çiva 92. har> – Garland

90. sr> – Tank 93. hIrk> – Diamond

91. SkNx> – Shoulder

More Feminine Gender Nouns


1. AqvI – Forest 20. ÉayaR – Wife
2. Aaza – Desire 21. mhI – Earth
3. kNya – Girl 22. mala – Garland
4. ktRrI – Scissor 23. m&;a – Falsehood
5. k…iÂka – Key 24. m&iÄka – Clay
6. kaEmudI – Moonlight 25. mexa – Memory
7. "{qa – Bell 26. lúmI – Lakñmé
8. icNta – Worry 27. vaihnI – Army
9. cUfa – Crest 28. vataR – News
10. jnnI – Mother 29. iv*a – Knowledge
11. devta – Goddess 30. vIwI – Street
12. xra – Earth 31. vedna – Pain
13. xaÇI – Nurse 32. zkRra – Sugar
14. narI – Woman 33. zv›rI – Night
15. nasa – Nose 34. zaoa – Branch
16. naEka – Boat 35. zu{fa – Trunk
17. pTnI – Wife 36. sÉa – Assembly
18. piÇka – Letter 37. Sp&ha – Desire
19. peiqka – Box
20 Easy Sanskrit

More Neuter Gender Nouns


1. A]rm! – Syllable 23. gaÇm! – Body

2. Aijnm! – Deer-skin 24. gaepurm! – Tower

3. AMbrm! – Sky 25. "&tm! – Ghee

4. An&tm! – Falsehood 26. icÇm! – Picture

5. AXyynm! – Study 27. c³m! – Wheel

6. Aannm! – Face 28. DÇm! – Umbrella

7. AaÉ
Ér[m! – Ornament 29. iDÔm! – Hole

8. %Ärm! – Answer 30. jQrm! – Belly

9. %*anm! – Garden 31. t&[m! – Grass

10. %drm! – Stomach 32. taeym! – Water

11. %pvnm! – Garden 33. ÊGxm! – Milk

12. Aaednm! – Cooked rice 34. xnm! – Wealth

13. AaE;xm! – Medicine 35. xaNym! – Grain

14. kgRlm! – Paper 36. xEyRm! – Courage

15. kNdm! – Root 37. n]Çm! – Star

16. klÇm! – Wife 38. nynm! – Eye

17. klevrm! – Body 39. nIfm! – Nest

18. kmRg&hm! – Work-place 40. ngrm! – City

19. kaVym! – Poetry 41. pdm! – Step

20. k…{flm! – Earring 42. pÃrm! – Cage

21. kaEzlm! – Skill 43. p[Rm! – Leaf

22. kaeqrm! – Hollow of a 44. paÇm! – Vessel


tree
45. patkm! – Sin
Textbook 21

46. pu:pm! – Flower 58. ivñm! – World


47. )lm! – Fruit 59. zkqm! – Cart
48. bNxnm! – Bondage 60. zakm! – Vegetable
49. Évnm! – House 61. sahsm! – Bravery
50. mULym! – Price 62. saepanm! – Step, stairs
51. maedkm! – Sweet ball 63. SvCDm! – Clean
52. yaejnm! – 8 miles 64. ihmm! – Snow
53. llaqm! – Forehead 65. ]Irm! – Milk
54. lv[m! – Salt 66. ]eÇm! – Field
55. laecnm! – Eye 67. }anm! – Knowledge
56. vdnm! – Face

57. vSÇm! – Dress

•
)lain – Fruits
1. kdlI)lm! – Banana 6. Anans)lm! – Pineapple

2. nar¼)lm! – Orange 7. daifm)lm! – Pomegranate

3. inMbUk)lm! – Lemon 8. bhubIj)lm! – Guava

4. Ôa]a)lm! – Grape 9. Aaè)lm! – Mango

5. pns)lm! – Jackfruit

•
m&ga> – Animals
1. xen>u – Cow 4. majaRr> – Cat
2. k…Kk…r> – Dog 5. is<h> – Lion
3. gj> – Elephant 6. vanr> – Monkey
22 Easy Sanskrit

7. mU;k> – Rat 12. zz> – Rabbit

8. Vyaº> – Tiger 13. gdRÉ> – Donkey

9. %:q+> – Camel 14. vrah> – Pig

10. hir[> – Deer 15. z&gal> – Fox

11. ÉLlUk> – Bear 16. v&k> – Wolf

pi][> – Birds
1. h<s> – Swan 7. k…Kk…qI – Hen

2. myUr> – Peacock 8. kpaet> – Dove

3. kaeikl> – Cuckoo 9. %lUk> – Owl

4. zuk> – Parrot 10. bk> – Crane

5. kak> – Crow 11. cqk> – Sparrow

6. k…Kk…q> – Cock

àai[n> – (Other) Living Beings


1. m{fUk> – Frog 7. g&hgaeixka – House lizard

2. mTSy> – Fish 8. v&iík> – Scorpion

3. kªmR> – Tortoise 9. mi]ka – Fly

4. mkr> – Crocodile 10. mzk> – Mosquito

5. spR> – Snake 11. mxukr> – Honeybee

6. kkRq> – Crab 12. ippIilka – Ant

v[aR> – Colours
1. k«:[> – Black 2. ñet> – White
Textbook 23

3. pIt> – Yellow 6. paql> – Rose

4. hirt> – Green 7. nIl> – Blue

5. k;ay> – Orange 8. rKt> – Red

v&]a> – Trees
1. Aaèv&]> – Mango tree 5. vqv&]> – Banyan tree

2. talv&]> – Palm tree 6. AZvTwv&]> – Peepal tree

3. pnsv&]> – Jack tree 7. nairkelv&]> – Coconut tree

4. kdlIv&]> – Banana tree

zrIrSy A¼ain – Parts of the Body


1. izr> – Head 8. hSt> – Hand

2. neÇm! – Eye 9. A¼‚lI – Finger

3. ïaeÇm! – Ear 10. no> – Nail

4. naiska – Nose 11. k{Q> – Neck

5. muom! – Mouth 12. %drm! – Belly

6. dNt> – Teeth 13. ^é> – Thigh

7. ijþa – Tongue 14. pad> – Leg

pu:pai[ – Flowers
1. kmlm! – Lotus 4. miLlka – Jasmine
2. jpak…summ! – Hibiscus 5. sUyRkaiNt> – Sunflower
3. gulavpu:pm! – Rose

•
24 Easy Sanskrit

rsa> – Tastes
1. mxur> – Sweet 4. AMl> – Sour

2. k;ay> – Astringent 5. itKt> – Bitter

3 . kqu> – Pungent 6. lv[> – Salty

idza> – Directions
1. %Ära – North 3. piZcma – West

2. pUvaR – East 4. di][a – South

vasra> – Days
1. rivvasr> – Sunday 5. guévasr> – Thursday

2. saemvasr> – Monday 6. zu³vasr> – Friday

3 . m¼lvasr> – Tuesday 7. zinvasr> – Saturday

4. buxvasr> – Wednesday

vahnain – Vehicles
1. kar!yanm! – Car 5. iÇci³ka – Auto

2. zkqm! – Cart 6. naEka – Boat

3 . ivmanm! – Aeroplane 7. mhanaEka – Ship

4. laekyanm! – Bus

g&hm! – House
1. iÉiÄ> – Wall 3. #iòka – Brick

2. Did> – Roof 4. vataynm! – Window


Textbook 25

5. kvaqm! – Door 7. Öarm! – Entrance

6. saepanm! – Steps 8. %pvnm! – Garden

k…qMu b> – Family


1. ipta – Father 5. Anuja – Younger sister
2. mata – Mother 6. Anuj> – Younger brother

3 . iptamh> – (Paternal) 7. A¢j> – Elder brother


Grandfather
8. A¢ja – Elder sister
4. iptamhI – (Paternal)
Grandmother
•

iv*aly> - School
1. AXyapk> – Teacher (M) 7. k«:[)lkm! – Blackboard

2. AXyaipka – Teacher (F) 8. puStkm! – Book

3 . DaÇ> – Student (M) 9. A]rm! – Letter, syllable

4. DaÇa – Student (F) 10. A»nI – Pencil

5. %TpIiQka – Table 11. leonI – Pen

6. AasNd> – Chair

\tu> – Season
1. hemNt> – Winter 4. ¢I:m> – Summer

2. izizr> – Cold season 5. v;aR – Rainy season

3. vsNt> – Spring 6. zrt! – Autumn

•
26 Easy Sanskrit

mas> – Month
1. magRzI;R> – November-December 7. Jyeó> – May-June

2. paE;> – December-January 8. Aa;aF> – June-July

3. ma"> – January-February 9. ïav[> – July-August

4. )aLgun> – February-March 10. ÉaÔpd> – August-September

5. cEÇ> – March-April 11. Aaiñn> – September-October

6. vEzao> – April-May 12. kaiÄRk> – October-November

Common questions

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Feminine gender nouns in Sanskrit typically end with Aa and $, known as äkäränta-stréliìga and ékäränta-stréliìga respectively . Examples include ÉayaR (äyäränta) and ndI (íkäränta). Neuter gender nouns end with Am!, for example icÇm! and Évnm!, referred to as akäränta-napuàsakaliìga .

In Sanskrit, masculine gender nouns often end with A>, #>, and %>, where the two vertical dots (>) are known as 'visarga.' Words ending with A> are termed akäränta-pulliìga, those ending with #> are ikäränta-pulliìga, and those ending with %> are ukäränta-pulliìga .

A primary challenge is distinguishing neuter nouns ending with Am! from masculine nouns ending with %> since both can denote inanimate objects but differ in their syntactic roles and agreement patterns. Learners must memorize exceptions and understand context to avoid confusion .

Masculine nouns like pit> (husband) and n&pit> (king) reflect traditional societal roles and hierarchies in ancient Sanskrit-speaking cultures. The emphasis on male-oriented nouns highlights the patriarchal structure of these societies, illustrating the importance allotted to male figures in governance and family .

Adjectives in Sanskrit must agree in gender, number, and case with masculine nouns ending in visarga (A>, #>, %>). This agreement is crucial for maintaining grammatical accuracy and clarity in sentences. Disagreement can lead to misunderstandings or convey incorrect meanings .

In Sanskrit, understanding the gender classification of nouns is crucial as it affects verb conjugation and adjective agreement. Verbs and adjectives must agree in gender with the subject noun, which influences sentence structure and interpretation .

The distinct classification of noun genders in Sanskrit aids learners by providing clear grammatical rules, yet it can be daunting due to the vast vocabulary and exceptions. This explicit morphosyntactic system necessitates extensive memorization and learning, both a facilitating and complicating factor for non-native speakers .

Masculine gender nouns in Sanskrit literature, such as Aj> (goat) and nr> (man), often denote strength and valor, reflecting societal values. Such nouns help convey themes of epic narratives involving heroism and moral virtues, deeply embedded in cultural texts like the Vedas and Mahabharata .

Neuter nouns in Sanskrit ending with Am! are typically used to denote inanimate objects, abstract concepts, or collective terms. Examples include icÇm! (picture) and Évnm! (house). These nouns frequently appear in philosophical and scientific texts where abstract ideas or objects are discussed .

Feminine nouns in Sanskrit often end in Aa and $ , correlating with specific noun forms. Unlike English, which uses natural gender and relies on context or pronouns for grammatical gender, Sanskrit displays explicit morphological patterns, illustrating a more systematic classification .

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